1
Arbel E, Dauvergne C, Millbank J. Gender in refugee law: from the margins to the centre. Hoboken: Routledge/Taylor and Francis 2014.
2
Camino LA, Krulfeld RM. Reconstructing lives, recapturing meaning: refugee identity, gender, and culture change. Australia: Gordon and Breach 1994.
3
Berry J de, Boyden J. Children and youth on the front line: ethnography, armed conflict and displacement. New York: Berghahn Books 2004.
4
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E, Loescher G, Long K, et al., editors. The Oxford handbook of refugee and forced migration studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014.
5
Giles WM, Van Esterik P, Moussa H, et al., editors. Development & diaspora: gender and the refugee experience. Dundas, Ontario: Artemis Enterprises 1996.
6
Hajdukowski-Ahmed M, Khanlou N, Moussa H. Not born a refugee woman: contesting identities, rethinking practices. New York: Berghahn Books 2008.
7
Hart J. Years of conflict: adolescence, political violence and displacement. New York: Berghahn Books 2010.
8
Indra D, editor. Engendering forced migration: theory and practice. New York: Berghahn Books 2008.
9
Lorentzen LA, Turpin JE. The women and war reader. New York: New York University Press 1998.
10
Moser CON, Clark FC. Victims, perpetrators or actors?: gender, armed conflict and political violence. London: Zed Books 2001.
11
Real queer? : sexual orientation and gender identity refugees in the Canadian refugee apparatus. London ; New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, Ltd. 2015.
12
Spijkerboer T, editor. Fleeing homophobia: sexual orientation, gender identity and asylum. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2013.
13
Barbara Harrell-Bond. Can Humanitarian Work with Refugees Be Humane? Human Rights Quarterly. 2002;24:51–85.
14
HART J, TYRER B. Research with children living in situations of armed conflict: concepts, ethics and methods RSC Working Paper No.30. 2006. https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications
15
Leaning, Jennifer. Ethics of research in refugee populations. The Lancet. ;357:1432–3.
16
Liamputtong P. Researching the vulnerable: a guide to sensitive research methods. London: SAGE 2007.
17
Palestinian refugees are not at your service | The Electronic Intifada. https://electronicintifada.net/content/palestinian-refugees-are-not-your-service/12464
18
Nelson C, Grossberg L. Marxism and the interpretation of culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press 1988.
19
SPIVAK GC. Can the Subaltern Speak. Marxism and the interpretation of culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press 1988:271–313.
20
Edwards A. Transitioning Gender: Feminist Engagement with International Refugee Law and Policy 1950-2010. Refugee Survey Quarterly. 2010;29:21–45. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdq021
21
FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH E. Gender and Forced Migration. The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. 2014.
22
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. Part IV: At the intersection of faith, gender, sexuality and asylum. In: Mavelli L, Wilson EK, eds. The refugee crisis and religion: secularism, security and hospitality in question. London: Rowman & Littlefield International 2017.
23
GREATBATCH J. The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse. International Journal of Refugee Law. 1989;1:518–27. doi: 10.1093/ijrl/1.4.518
24
Eileen Pittaway. Refugees, Race, and Gender: The Multiple Discrimination against Refugee Women. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees. 2001;19.
25
Ager, A.; Ager, W.; Long, L. The Differential Experience of Mozambican Refugee Women and Men. Journal of Refugee Studies. 1995;8:265–87.
26
EL-BUSHRA J. Gender and Forced Migration: Editorial. Forced Migration Review. Published Online First: 2000.
27
Chaloka Beyani. The Needs of Refugee Women: A Human-Rights Perspective. Gender and Development. 1995;3:29–35.
28
BYRNE B, BADEN S. Gender, Emergencies and Humanitarian Assistance. 1995.
29
CALLAMARD A. Refugee women: a gendered and political analysis of the refugee experience. Refugees: perspectives on the experience of forced migration. London: Continuum 1999.
30
Colson E. Gendering Those Uprooted by ‘Development. Engendering forced migration: theory and practice. New York: Berghahn Books 1999.
31
Edward JK. Women’s Rights and Human Rights: International Historical Perspectives. Women’s rights and human rights: international historical perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave 2001.
32
ELMADMAD K. The Human Rights of Refugees with Special Reference to Muslim Refugee Women. Engendering forced migration: theory and practice. Berghahn Books Inc. 1999.
33
GURURAJA S. Gender Dimensions of Displacement. Forced Migration Review. Published Online First: 2000.
34
INDRA DM. Not a Room of One’s Own. Engendering forced migration: theory and practice. New York: Berghahn Books 1999.
35
INDRA DM. Some Feminist Contributions to Refugee Studies. In: Giles WM, Van Esterik P, Moussa H, et al., eds. Development & diaspora: gender and the refugee experience. Dundas, Ontario: Artemis Enterprises 1996.
36
Diana Kay. THE POLITICS OF GENDER IN EXILE. Sociology. 1988;22:1–21.
37
ZARZOSA HL. Internal Exile, Exile and Return: A Gendered View. Journal of Refugee Studies. 1998;11:189–98. doi: 10.1093/jrs/11.2.189
38
Nolin C. Transnational ruptures: gender and forced migration. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate 2006.
39
McSpadden, L.; Moussa, H. I Have a Name: The Gender Dynamics in Asylum and in Resettlement of Ethipoian and Eritrean Refugees in North America. Journal of Refugee Studies. 1993;6:203–25.
40
WALI S. Human Rights for Refugee and Displaced Women. Women’s rights, human rights: international feminist perspectives. New York: Routledge 1995.
41
Braun YA. Left High and Dry. International Feminist Journal of Politics. 2011;13:141–62. doi: 10.1080/14616742.2011.560037
42
PEARSON R. The Rise and Rise of Gender and Development. A radical history of development studies: individuals, institutions and ideologies. Cape Town: David Philip 2005.
43
RAZAVI S, MILLER C. From WID to GAD: Conceptual Shifts in the Women and Development Discourse.
44
McILWAINE C, DATTA K. From Feminising to Engendering Development. Gender, Place & Culture. 2003;10:369–82. doi: 10.1080/0966369032000155564
45
Eva M. Rathgeber. WID, WAD, GAD: Trends in Research and Practice. The Journal of Developing Areas. 1990;24:489–502.
46
Carastathis A. The Concept of Intersectionality in Feminist Theory. Philosophy Compass. 2014;9:304–14. doi: 10.1111/phc3.12129
47
Crenshaw K. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review. 1991;43. doi: 10.2307/1229039
48
Yuval-Davis N. Intersectionality and Feminist Politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies. 2006;13:193–209. doi: 10.1177/1350506806065752
49
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. ‘Ideal’ Refugee Women and Gender Equality Mainstreaming in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps: ‘Good Practice’ for Whom? Refugee Survey Quarterly. 2010;29:64–84. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdq023
50
MANDERSON L, KELAHER M, MARKOVIC M, et al. A Woman without a Man is a Woman at Risk: Women at Risk in Australian Humanitarian Programs. Journal of Refugee Studies. 1998;11:267–83. doi: 10.1093/jrs/11.3.267
51
Olivius E. Displacing Equality? Women’s Participation and Humanitarian Aid Effectiveness in Refugee Camps. Refugee Survey Quarterly. 2014;33:93–117. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdu009
52
Rajasingham-Senanayake D. Between Reality and Representation. Cultural Dynamics. 2004;16:141–68. doi: 10.1177/0921374004047741
53
Szczepanikova A. Gender Relations in a Refugee Camp: A Case of Chechens Seeking Asylum in the Czech Republic. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2005;18:281–98. doi: 10.1093/refuge/fei032
54
Lila Abu-Lughod. Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others. American Anthropologist. 2002;104:783–90.
55
Behera NC. Gender, conflict, and migration. New Delhi: SAGE Publications 2006.
56
Cockburn C. Gender, armed conflict and political violence. 1999.
57
COCKBURN C. The Gendered Dynamics of Armed Conflict and Political Violence. Victims, perpetrators or actors?: gender, armed conflict and political violence. London: Zed Books 2001.
58
COCKBURN C. The Continuum of Violence. Sites of violence: gender and conflict zones. Berkeley: University of California Press 2004.
59
ENLOE C. All the Men Are in the Militias, All the Women are Victims: The Politics of Masculinity and Femininity in Nationalist Wars. The women and war reader. New York: New York University Press 1998.
60
FETHERSTON AB. UN Peacekeepers and Cultures of Violence. Cultural Survival Quarterly. Published Online First: 1995.
61
GILES W, HYNDMAN J. Introduction: Gender and Conflict in a Global Context. Sites of violence: gender and conflict zones. Berkeley: University of California Press 2004.
62
Giles W, Hyndman J. Refugee Camps as Conflict Zones: The Politics of Gender. Sites of violence: gender and conflict zones. Berkeley: University of California Press 2004.
63
KELLY L. Wars Against Women: Sexual Violence, Sexual Politics and the Militarised State. States of conflict: gender, violence and resistance. London: Zed Books 2000.
64
MOSER C. The Gendered Continuum of Violence and Conflict: An Operational Framework. Victims, perpetrators or actors?: gender, armed conflict and political violence. London: Zed Books 2001.
65
MOSER C, CLARK F. Introduction. Victims, perpetrators or actors?: gender, armed conflict and political violence. London: Zed Books 2001.
66
PETERSON VS. Gendered Nationalism: Reproducing ‘Us’ Versus ‘Them’. The women and war reader. New York: New York University Press 1998.
67
SCHEPER-HUGHES N. Maternal Thinking and the Politics of War. The women and war reader. New York: New York University Press 1998.
68
TURSCHEN M. The Political Economy of Rape: An Analysis of Systematic Rape and Sexual Abuse of Women During Armed Conflict in Africa. Victims, perpetrators or actors?: gender, armed conflict and political violence. London: Zed Books 2001.
69
Green L. Gender Hate Propaganda and Sexual Violence in the Rwandan Genocide: An Argument for Intersectionality in International Law. Columbia Human Rights Law Review. 2002;733–76.
70
BROWN GK. Gender Roles in Refugee Camps: The Lasting Impact of Refugee Interventions in Tanzania. Research, Faculty, and Centers | Tufts Fletcher School. Published Online First: 2006.
71
DUGAN J, FOWLER CJ, BOLTON PA. Assessing the opportunity for sexual violence against women and children in refugee camps. Articles | The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance | Field experience and current research on humanitarian action and policy. Published Online First: 2000.
72
FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH E. Concealing Violence Against Women in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps: The politicisation of victimhood. Global perspectives on war, gender and health: the sociology and anthropology of suffering. Farnham: Ashgate 2010.
73
Olsen OE, Scharffscher KS. Rape in refugee camps as organisational failures. The International Journal of Human Rights. 2004;8:377–97. doi: 10.1080/1364298042000283558
74
Erin Patrick. Sexual violence and firewood collection in Darfur. Forced Migration Review. ;40–1.
75
SAYIGH R. Researching Gender in a Palestinian Camp: Political, Theoretical and Methodological Problems. Gendering the Middle East: emerging perspectives. London: I.B. Tauris 1996.
76
TURNER S. Angry Young Men in Camps: gender, age and class relations among Burundian refugees in Tanzania. Academia.edu - Share research. Published Online First: 1999.
77
Crivello G, Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. The ties that bind: Sahrawi children and the mediation of aid in exile. Deterritorialized youth: Sahrawi and Afghan refugees at the margins of the Middle East. New York: Berghahn 2010:85–118.
78
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. Paradoxes of Sahrawi refugees’ educational migration: promoting self-sufficiency or renewing dependency? Comparative Education. 2011;47:433–47. doi: 10.1080/03050068.2011.560710
79
Harrell-Bond B. Are refugee camps good for children? Published Online First: 2000.
80
HART J. Children and Forced Migration. The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. 2014.
81
AHEAR F, LOUGHRY M, AGER A. The Experience of Refugee Children. Refugees: perspectives on the experience of forced migration. London: Continuum 1999.
82
Bhabha J, editor. Children without a state: a global human rights challenge. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press 2011.
83
BOLZMAN C. Older Refugees. The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. 2014.
84
Boyden J. Children, war and world disorder in the 21st century: a review of the theories and the literature on children’s contributions to armed violence. Conflict, Security & Development. 2007;7:255–79. doi: 10.1080/14678800701333051
85
BOYDEN J. Children’s Experience of Conflict Related Emergencies: Some Implications for Relief Policy and Practice. Disasters. 1994;18:254–67. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00311.x
86
CAMINO LA. Refugee Adolescents and their Changing Identities. Reconstructing lives, recapturing meaning: refugee identity, gender, and culture change. Australia: Gordon and Breach 1994.
87
CHATTY D, FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH E, CRIVELLO G. Identity With/out Territory: Sahrawi Refugee Youth in Transnational Space. Deterritorialized youth: Sahrawi and Afghan refugees at the margins of the Middle East. New York: Berghahn 2010.
88
Johan de Smedt. Child Marriages in Rwandan Refugee Camps. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 1998;68:211–37.
89
Dona G, Veale A. Divergent Discourses, Children and Forced Migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2011;37:1273–89. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2011.590929
90
Fiddian E. Relocating: The Asylum Experience in Cairo. Interventions. 2006;8:295–318. doi: 10.1080/13698010600782048
91
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. The Inter-generational Politics of Travelling Memories: Sahrawi Refugee Youth Remembering Home-land and Home-camp. Journal of Intercultural Studies. 2013;34:631–49. doi: 10.1080/07256868.2012.746170
92
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. Transnational childhood and adolescence: mobilizing Sahrawi identity and politics across time and space. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 2013;36:875–95. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2011.631557
93
Hart J. Years of conflict: adolescence, political violence and displacement. New York: Berghahn Books 2008.
94
MANN G. Separated Children: Care and Support in Context. Children and youth on the front line: ethnography, armed conflict and displacement. New York: Berghahn Books 2005.
95
McKAY S. The inversion of girlhood: Girl combatants during and after armed conflict’. A world turned upside down: social ecological approaches to children in war zones. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, Inc 2006.
96
McKay S. Girls as Weapons of Terror in Northern Uganda and Sierra Leonean Rebel Fighting Forces. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2005;28:385–97. doi: 10.1080/10576100500180253
97
MAXWELL L, EL-HILALY A. Separated refugee children in Cairo a rights-based analysis. 2004.
98
NORDSTROM C. Girls and War Zones: Troubling Questions. Engendering forced migration: theory and practice. New York: Berghahn Books 1999.
99
Sommers M. Fear in Bongoland: Burundi refugees in urban Tanzania. New York: Berghahn Books 2001.
100
Watters C. Refugee children: towards the next horizon. London: Routledge 2008.
101
Fagen PW. Protecting Refugee Women and Children. International Migration. 2003;41:75–86. doi: 10.1111/1468-2435.00231
102
Carpenter RC. Recognizing Gender-Based Violence Against Civilian Men and Boys in Conflict Situations. Security Dialogue. 2006;37:83–103. doi: 10.1177/0967010606064139
103
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E, Qasmiyeh YM. Muslim Asylum-Seekers and Refugees: Negotiating Identity, Politics and Religion in the UK. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2010;23:294–314. doi: 10.1093/jrs/feq022
104
Jaji R. Masculinity on Unstable Ground: Young Refugee Men in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2009;22:177–94. doi: 10.1093/jrs/fep007
105
Hart J. Dislocated Masculinity: Adolescence and the Palestinian Nation-in-exile. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2008;21:64–81. doi: 10.1093/jrs/fem050
106
TURNER S. Angry Young Men in Camps: gender, age and class relations among Burundian refugees in Tanzania. Academia.edu - Share research. Published Online First: 1999.
107
ALLSOPP J. The refugee crisis: demilitarising masculinities. OpenDemocracy. Published Online First: 2015.
108
Gender Against Men — Forced Migration Online.
109
Aasheim C, Buscher D, Peacock D, et al. Engaging Men and Boys in Refugee Settings to Address Sexual and Gender Based Violence. 2008. https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/resources/gender-issues/291-engaging-men-and-boys-in-refugee-settings-to-address-sexual-and-gender-based-violence
110
BRUN C. Making young displaced men visible. Forced Migration Review. Published Online First: 2000.
111
Chant SH, Gutmann MC, Oxfam. Mainstreaming men into gender and development: debates, reflections and experiences. Oxford: Oxfam 2000.
112
Connell RW. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity 1995.
113
Andrea Cornwall. Men, Masculinity and ‘Gender in Development’. Gender and Development. 1997;5:8–13.
114
DOLAN C. Collapsing Masculinities and Weak States: A Case Study of Northern Uganda. Masculinities matter!: men, gender, and development. London: Zed Books 2003.
115
Este DC, Tachble A. Fatherhood in the Canadian Context: Perceptions and Experiences of Sudanese Refugee Men. Sex Roles. 2009;60:456–66. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9532-1
116
JACOBSEN JP. Men’s Issues in Development. The other half of gender: men’s issues in development. Washington, DC: World Bank 2006.
117
Jansen S. Misplaced masculinities: Status loss and the location of gendered subjectivities amongst `non-transnational’ Bosnian refugees. Anthropological Theory. 2008;8:181–200. doi: 10.1177/1463499608090790
118
Nauja Kleist. Negotiating Respectable Masculinity: Gender and Recognition in the Somali Diaspora. African Diaspora. 2010;3:185–206. doi: 10.1163/187254610X526913
10.1163/187254610X526913
119
Judith Large. Disintegration Conflicts and the Restructuring of Masculinity. Gender and Development. 1997;5:23–30.
120
Lewis C. Systemic Silencing: Addressing Sexual Violence against Men and Boys in Armed Conflict and its Aftermath. In: Heathcote G, Otto D, eds. Rethinking peacekeeping, gender equality and collective security. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2014.
121
Linos N. Rethinking gender-based violence during war: Is violence against civilian men a problem worth addressing? Social Science & Medicine. 2009;68:1548–51. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.001
122
MASSAD JA. Conceiving the masculine: gender and Palestinian nationalism. The persistence of the Palestinian question: essays on Zionism and the Palestinians. London: Routledge 2006.
123
Wynne Russell. Sexual violence against men and boys. Forced Migration Review. ;22–3.
124
Sommers M. Young, Male and Pentecostal: Urban Refugees in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2001;14:347–70. doi: 10.1093/jrs/14.4.347
125
TURNER S. Vindicating masculinity: the fate of promoting gender equality. Forced Migration Review. Published Online First: 2000.
126
UNHCR web pages. http://www.unhcr.org/pages/4a6872836.html
127
ARBEL E, DAUVERGNE C, MILLBANK J. Introduction. Gender in Refugee Law. 2014.
128
Berg L, Millbank J. Constructing the Personal Narratives of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Asylum Claimants. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2009;22:195–223. doi: 10.1093/jrs/fep010
129
Binder, A. Gender and the Membership in a Particular Social Group Category of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law. 2001;10:167–94.
130
Fiddian E. RELOCATING: The Asylum Experience in Cairo. Interventions. 2006;8:295–318. doi: 10.1080/13698010600782048
131
Murray, David A B. Real Queer: ‘Authentic’ LGBT Refugee Claimants and Homonationalism in the Canadian Refugee System. Anthropologica. 2014;56:21–32.
132
Akram SM. Orientalism Revisited in Asylum and Refugee Claims. International Journal of Refugee Law. 2000;12:7–40. doi: 10.1093/ijrl/12.1.7
133
Bhabha J. Demography and Rights: Women, Children and Access to Asylum. International Journal of Refugee Law. 2004;16:227–43. doi: 10.1093/ijrl/16.2.227
134
Bogner D, Herlihy J, Brewin CR. Impact of sexual violence on disclosure during Home Office interviews. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;191:75–81. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.030262
135
International conference on refugee women fleeing gender-based persecution. Canadian Council for Refugees | Working together on behalf of refugees and immigrants. 2001.
136
CANADIAN IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE BOARD. Guideline 4, Women refugee claimants fearing gender-related persecution. 1993.
137
CASTEL JR. Rape, Sexual Assault and the Meaning of Persecution. International Journal of Refugee Law. 1992;4:39–56. doi: 10.1093/ijrl/4.1.39
138
Choi, V. Living Discreetly: A Catch 22 in Refugee Status Determinations on the Basis of Sexual Orientation. Brooklyn Journal of International Law. 2010;36:241–64.
139
Spijkerboer T, editor. Fleeing homophobia: sexual orientation, gender identity and asylum. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2013.
140
Crawley H. Gender, persecution and the concept of politics in the asylum determination process. Forced Migration Review. 2000;9:17–20.
141
Crawley H, Lester T. Comparative analysis of gender-related persecution in national asylum legislation and practice in Europe. 2004.
142
Edwards A. Displacement, Statelessness and Questions of Gender Equality under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Alice Edwards. 2009.
143
FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH E. The Faith-Gender-Asylum Nexus: An Intersectionalist Analysis of Representations of the ‘Refugee Crisis’. In: Mavelli L, Wilson EK, eds. The refugee crisis and religion: secularism, security and hospitality in question. London: Rowman & Littlefield International 2017.
144
Giametta C. ‘Rescued’ subjects: The question of religiosity for non-heteronormative asylum seekers in the UK. Sexualities. 2014;17:583–99. doi: 10.1177/1363460714526130
145
Good A. Gender based persecution: the case of South Asian asylum applicants in the UK. Gender, conflict, and migration. New Delhi: SAGE Publications 2006.
146
Gray A, McDowall A. LGBT refugee protection in the UK: from discretion to belief? | Forced Migration Review. Forced Migration Review. 2013;42.
147
Sharalyn R. Jordan. Un/Convention(al) Refugees: Contextualizing the Accounts of Refugees Facing Homophobic or Transphobic Persecution. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees. 2009;26.
148
Kumin J. Gender: Persecution in the Spotlight. UNHCR- Refugees Magazine Issue 123: 1951 Geneva Convention 50th Anniversary. 2001;12–4.
149
LaViolette N. Gender-Related Refugee Claims: Expanding the Scope of the Canadian Guidelines. International Journal of Refugee Law. 2007;19:169–214. doi: 10.1093/ijrl/eem008
150
McGhee D. Persecution and Social Group Status: Homosexual Refugees in the 1990s. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2001;14:20–42. doi: 10.1093/jrs/14.1.20
151
Millbank J. From discretion to disbelief: recent trends in refugee determinations on the basis of sexual orientation in Australia and the United Kingdom. The International Journal of Human Rights. 2009;13:391–414. doi: 10.1080/13642980902758218
152
Murray DAB. Real queer? : sexual orientation and gender identity refugees in the Canadian refugee apparatus. London ; New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, Ltd. 2015.
153
Oosterveld, V. Refugee Status for Female Circumcision Fugitives: Building a Canadian Precedent. University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review. 1993;51:277–303.
154
RANDAZZO T. Social and Legal Barriers: Sexual Orientation and Asylum in the United States. In: Luibhéid E, Cantú L, eds. Queer migrations: sexuality, U.S. citizenship, and border crossings. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 2005.
155
Spijkerboer T, editor. Fleeing homophobia: sexual orientation, gender identity and asylum. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2013.
156
Spijkerboer T. Gender and refugee status. Aldershot: Ashgate 2000.
157
Ticktin M. POLICING AND HUMANITARIANISM IN FRANCE: IMMIGRATION AND THE TURN TO LAW AS STATE OF EXCEPTION. Interventions. 2005;7:346–68. doi: 10.1080/13698010500268148
158
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. Representing Sahrawi Refugees’ ‘Educational Displacement’ to Cuba: Self-sufficient Agents or Manipulated Victims in Conflict? Journal of Refugee Studies. 2009;22:323–50. doi: 10.1093/jrs/fep019
159
Höijer B. The Discourse of Global Compassion: The Audience and Media Reporting of Human Suffering. Media, Culture & Society. 2004;26:513–31. doi: 10.1177/0163443704044215
160
Liisa H. Malkki. Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization. Cultural Anthropology. 1996;11:377–404.
161
Rajaram PK. Humanitarianism and Representations of the Refugee. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2002;15:247–64. doi: 10.1093/jrs/15.3.247
162
Aguire M. The Media and the Humanitarian Spectacle. Reflections on humanitarian action: principles, ethics and contradictions. London: Pluto Press 2001.
163
Alexander L. Palestinians in film: Representing and being represented in the cinematic struggle for national identity. Visual Anthropology. 1998;10:319–33. doi: 10.1080/08949468.1998.9966737
164
Baker P, McEnery T. A corpus-based approach to discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in UN and newspaper texts. Journal of Language and Politics. 2005;4:197–226. doi: 10.1075/jlp.4.2.04bak
165
Banks M. Visual methods in social research. London: SAGE 2001.
166
Butler J. Frames of war: when is life grievable? Paperback. ed. London: Verso 2010.
167
R. Charli Carpenter. ‘Women, Children and Other Vulnerable Groups’: Gender, Strategic Frames and the Protection of Civilians as a Transnational Issue. International Studies Quarterly. 2005;49:295–334.
168
CHRISTIE N. The Ideal Victim. From crime policy to victim policy. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan 1986.
169
del Zotto AC. Weeping Women, Wringing Hands: How the Mainstream Media Stereotyped Women’s Experiences in Kosovo. Journal of Gender Studies. 2002;11:141–50. doi: 10.1080/09589230220139773
170
Dyck EJ, Coldevin G. Using Positive vs. Negative Photographs for Third-World Fund Raising. Journalism Quarterly. 1992;69:572–9. doi: 10.1177/107769909206900305
171
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. The Pragmatics of Performance: Putting ‘Faith’ in Aid in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps. Journal of Refugee Studies. 2011;24:533–47. doi: 10.1093/jrs/fer027
172
FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH E. The Faith-Gender-Asylum Nexus: An Intersectionalist Analysis of Representations of the ‘Refugee Crisis’. In: Mavelli L, Wilson EK, eds. The refugee crisis and religion: secularism, security and hospitality in question. London: Rowman & Littlefield International 2016.
173
Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh. Repressentations of Displacement from the Middle East and North Africa. Public Culture. 2016;28:457–73. doi: 10.1215/08992363-3511586 10.1215/08992363-3511586
174
Martin SF. Refugee women. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books 2004.
175
Hall S, Open University, Open University. Culture, Media and Identities course team. Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. London: Sage in association with the Open University 1997.
176
IGNATIEFF M. The Stories We Tell: Television and Humanitarian Aid. Hard choices: moral dilemmas in humanitarian intervention. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield 1998.
177
Jenicek A, Wong AD. Dangerous Shortcuts: Representations of Sexual Minority Refugees in the Post-9/11 Canadian Press. Canadian Journal of Communication. 2009;34:635–58.
178
Macdonald A. ‘New Wars: Forgotten Warriors’: Why Have Girl Fighters Been Excluded from Western Representations of Conflict in Sierra Leone? Africa Development. 2010;33. doi: 10.4314/ad.v33i3.57308
179
SCHRIJVERS J. Fighters, Victims and Survivors: Constructions of Ethnicity, Gender and Refugeeness among Tamils in Sri Lanka. Journal of Refugee Studies. 1999;12:307–33. doi: 10.1093/jrs/12.3.307
180
Szörényi A. The images speak for themselves? Reading refugee coffee‐table books. Visual Studies. 2006;21:24–41. doi: 10.1080/14725860600613188
181
Wright T. Moving images: The media representation of refugees. Visual Studies. 2002;17:53–66. doi: 10.1080/1472586022000005053
182
Anderson B. Trafficking. In: Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E, Loescher G, Long K, et al., eds. The Oxford handbook of refugee and forced migration studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014.
183
Rutvica Andrijasevic. Beautiful Dead Bodies: Gender, Migration and Representation in Anti-Trafficking Campaigns. Feminist Review. 2007;24–44.
184
Jones, S. The Invisible Man: The Conscious Neglect of Men and Boys in the War on Human Trafficking. Utah Law Review. 2010;2010:1143–88.
185
van Liempt I. Different geographies and experiences of ‘assisted’ types of migration: a gendered critique on the distinction between trafficking and smuggling. Gender, Place & Culture. 2011;18:179–93. doi: 10.1080/0966369X.2011.552316
186
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto. 2004.
187
Agustín LM. Sex at the margins: migration, labour markets and the rescue industry. London: Zed Books 2007.
188
Bhabha J. Seeking Asylum Alone: Treatment of Separated and Trafficked Children in Need of Refugee Protection. International Migration. 2004;42:141–8. doi: 10.1111/j.0020-7985.2004.00277.x
189
Borjas GJ, Crisp J. Poverty, international migration and asylum. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2005.
190
Calandruccio G. A Review of Recent Research on Human Trafficking in the Middle East1. International Migration. 2005;43:267–99. doi: 10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00320.x
191
Day S. Renewing the War on prostitution: The spectres of ‘trafficking’ and ‘slavery’. Anthropology Today. 2009;25:1–3. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8322.2009.00664.x
192
Demir JS. The trafficking of women for sexual exploitation: a gender-based and well-founded fear of persecution? 2003.
193
Doezema J. Loose women or lost women? The re-emergence of the myth of white slavery in contemporary discourses of trafficking in women. Gender Issues. 1999;18:23–50. doi: 10.1007/s12147-999-0021-9
194
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E. Transnational abductions and transnational responsibilities? The politics of ‘protecting’ female Muslim refugees abducted from Spain. Gender, Place & Culture. 2014;21:174–94. doi: 10.1080/0966369X.2013.769427
195
Gallagher, A. Triply Exploited: Female Victims of Trafficking Networks - Strategies for Pursuing Protection and Legal Status in Countries of Destination. Georgetown Immigration Law Journal. 2004;19:99–124.
196
Hartsough, T. Asylum for Trafficked Women: Escape Strategies beyond the T Visa. Hastings Women’s Law Journal. 2002;13:77–116.
197
Dina Francesca Haynes. Used, Abused, Arrested and Deported: Extending Immigration Benefits to Protect the Victims of Trafficking and to Secure the Prosecution of Traffickers. Human Rights Quarterly. 2004;26:221–72.
198
Icduygu A, Toktas S. How do Smuggling and Trafficking Operate via Irregular Border Crossings in the Middle East? Evidence from Fieldwork in Turkey. International Migration. 2002;40:25–54. doi: 10.1111/1468-2435.00222
199
International Organization for Migration. Trafficking of men – a trend less considered : The case of Belarus and Ukraine.
200
International Organization for Migration, Kelly E. Journeys of Jeopardy: A Review of Research on Trafficking in Women and Children in Europe. 2002.
201
Kempadoo K, Sanghera J, Pattanaik B, editors. Trafficking and prostitution reconsidered: new perspectives on migration, sex work, and human rights. Second edition. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers 2012.
202
Koser K. Reconciling control and compassion? Human smuggling and the right to asylum. Refugees and forced displacement: international security, human vulnerability, and the state. Tokyo: United Nations University Press 2003.
203
Koser K. Asylum Policies, Trafficking and Vulnerability. Perspectives on trafficking of migrants. Geneva: International Organization for Migration 2000.
204
Kyle D, Koslowski R, editors. Global human smuggling: comparative perspectives. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 2011.
205
Laczko F, Danailova-Trainor G. Trafficking in Persons and Human Development: Towards A More Integrated Policy Response. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc; St Louis. Published Online First: 2009.
206
Mcsherry B, Kneebone S. Trafficking in Women and Forced Migration: Moving Victims Across the Border of Crime into the Domain of Human Rights. The International Journal of Human Rights. 2008;12:67–87. doi: 10.1080/13642980701725251
207
Mattar, M. Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, in Countries of the Middle East: The Scope of the Problem and the Appropriate Legislative Responses. Fordham International Law Journal. 2003;26:721–60.
208
Morrison J, Crossland B, UNHCR. The trafficking and smuggling of refugees: the end game in European asylum policy? John Morrison and Beth Crosland.
209
O’Connell Davidson J. Moving children? Child trafficking, child migration, and child rights. Critical Social Policy. 2011;31:454–77. doi: 10.1177/0261018311405014
210
Piotrowicz R. The UNHCR’s Guidelines on Human Trafficking. International Journal of Refugee Law. 2008;20:242–52. doi: 10.1093/ijrl/een013
211
Raghu, M. Sex Trafficking of Thai Women and the United States Asylum Law Response. Georgetown Immigration Law Journal. 1997;12:145–86.
212
Salt J. Trafficking and Human Smuggling: A European Perspective. International Migration. 2000;38:31–56. doi: 10.1111/1468-2435.00114
213
Sorenson J, Matsuoka A. Eritrean Canadian refugee households as sites of gender renegotiation. Engendering forced migration: theory and practice. New York: Berghahn Books 1999:218–41.
214
McSPADDEN LA. Negotiating Masculinity in the Reconstruction of Social Place: Eritrean and Ethiopian Refugees in the United States and Sweden. Engendering forced migration: theory and practice. New York: Berghahn Books 1999.
215
McSpadden LA, Moussa H. Returning ‘Home’? The decision-making process of Eritrean women and men. In: Giles WM, Van Esterik P, Moussa H, et al., eds. Development & diaspora: gender and the refugee experience. Dundas, Ontario: Artemis Enterprises 1996:217–37.
216
Wright T. Managing gendered expectations upon resettlement: the experiences of Iraqi Kurdish Muslim women in the UK. Gender, Place & Culture. 2014;21:733–49. doi: 10.1080/0966369X.2013.802665
217
AL-ALI N. Gender Relations and Transnational Ties among Bosnian Refugees. The transnational family: new European frontiers and global networks. Oxford: Berg 2002.
218
Al-Sharmani M. Living Transnationally: Somali Diasporic Women in Cairo. International Migration. 2006;44:55–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2006.00355.x
219
Bascom J. Reconstituting Households and Reconstructing Home Areas: The Case of Returning Eritreans. In search of cool ground : war, flight & homecoming. Oxford: James Currey Publishers 1996.
220
Benson J. Reinterpreting Gender: Southeast Asian Refugees and American Society. Reconstructing lives, recapturing meaning: refugee identity, gender, and culture change. Australia: Gordon and Breach 1994.
221
Canadian Council for Refugees. Families Never to be United: Excluded family members. 2008.
222
Corbin JN. Returning home: resettlement of formerly abducted children in Northern Uganda. Disasters. 2008;32:316–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01042.x
223
DALEY P. Gender, Displacement and Social Reproduction: Settling Burundi Refugees in Western Tanzania. Journal of Refugee Studies. 1991;4:248–66. doi: 10.1093/jrs/4.3.248
224
Grabska K. Gender, home & identity: Nuer repatriation to Southern Sudan. Oxford: James Currey 2014.
225
Hawthorne, M. Family Unity in Immigration Law: Broadening the Scope of Family. Lewis & Clark Law Review. 2007;11:809–34.
226
JASTRAM K, NEWLAND K. Family Unity and Refugee Protection. In: Feller E, Türk V, Nicholson F, eds. Refugee Protection in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003.
227
Kahn S. Experiences of Faith for Gender Role Non-Conforming Muslims in Resettlement: Preliminary Considerations for Social Work Practitioners. British Journal of Social Work. 2015;45:2038–55. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcu060
228
KRULFELD RM. Changing Concepts of Gender Roles and Identities in Refugee Communities. Reconstructing lives, recapturing meaning: refugee identity, gender, and culture change. 1994.
229
Luke A. Uncertain Territory: Family Reunification and the Plight of Unaccompanied Minors in Canada. Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies. 2007;69–84.
230
Susan McKay. Reconstructing Fragile Lives: Girls’ Social Reintegration in Northern Uganda and Sierra Leone. Gender and Development. 2004;12:19–30.
231
Anne Staver. Family reunification: a right for forced migrants? RSC Working Paper Series. ;51.
232
Rees S, Pease B. Domestic Violence in Refugee Families in Australia. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies. 2007;5:1–19. doi: 10.1300/J500v05n02_01
233
Sørensen B. Women and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Issues and Sources.
