1.
Marsh H. Do no harm: stories of life, death and brain surgery. London: Phoenix; 2014.
2.
Francis R, Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry (Great Britain), Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry: executive summary [Internet]. Vol. HC. London: Stationery Office; 2013. Available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150407084003/http://www.midstaffspublicinquiry.com/sites/default/files/report/Executive%20summary.pdf
3.
Kroening HL, Kerr B, Bruce J, Yardley I. Patient complaints as predictors of patient safety incidents. Patient Experience Journal [Internet]. 2(1):94–101. Available from: http://pxjournal.org/journal/vol2/iss1/14
4.
Clwyd A, Hart T. A Review of the NHS Hospitals Complaints System Putting Patients Back in the Picture [Internet]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/255615/NHS_complaints_accessible.pdf
5.
Reader TW, Gillespie A, Roberts J. Patient complaints in healthcare systems: a systematic review and coding taxonomy. BMJ Quality & Safety. 2014 Aug 1;23(8):678–89.
6.
Bismark MM, Spittal MJ, Gurrin LC, Ward M, Studdert DM. Identification of doctors at risk of recurrent complaints: a national study of healthcare complaints in Australia. BMJ Quality & Safety. 2013 Jul 1;22(7):532–40.
7.
Bismark MM. Relationship between complaints and quality of care in New Zealand: a descriptive analysis of complainants and non-complainants following adverse events. Quality and Safety in Health Care. 2006 Feb 1;15(1):17–22.
8.
Wessel M, Lynoe N, Juth N, Helgesson G. The tip of an iceberg? A cross-sectional study of the general public’s experiences of reporting healthcare complaints in Stockholm, Sweden. BMJ Open. 2012 Jan 26;2(1):e000489–e000489.
9.
Principles of Good Complaint Handling [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ombudsman.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1040/0188-Principles-of-Good-Complaint-Handling-bookletweb.pdf
10.
Patient Association Peer Review Panels: Good Practice standards for NHS Complaints Handling [Internet]. Available from: http://www.patients-association.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Good-Practice-standards-for-NHS-Complaints-HandlingSept-2013.pdf
11.
Friele RD, Reitsma PM, de Jong JD. Complaint handling in healthcare: expectation gaps between physicians and the public; results of a survey study. BMC Research Notes. 2015 Dec;8(1).
12.
Marsh H. Infarct. In: Do no harm: stories of life, death and brain surgery [Internet]. London: Phoenix; 2014. p. 154–64. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=9bc12e07-8036-e711-80c9-005056af4099
13.
Greaves F, Ramirez-Cano D, Millett C, Darzi A, Donaldson L. Harnessing the cloud of patient experience: using social media to detect poor quality healthcare. BMJ Quality & Safety. 2013 Mar 1;22(3):251–5.
14.
Bourne T, Wynants L, Peters M, Van Audenhove C, Timmerman D, Van Calster B, et al. The impact of complaints procedures on the welfare, health and clinical practise of 7926 doctors in the UK: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2015 Jan 15;5(1):e006687–e006687.
15.
Data on Written Complaints in the NHS 2014-15 [Internet]. 2015. Available from: http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB18021/data-writ-comp-nhs-2014-2015-rep.pdf
16.
My expectations for raising concerns and complaints [Internet]. 2014. Available from: http://www.ombudsman.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/28816/Vision_report.pdf
17.
Kohanim S, Sternberg P, Karrass J, Cooper WO, Pichert JW. Unsolicited Patient Complaints in Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2016 Feb;123(2):234–41.
18.
Friele RD, Kruikemeier S, Rademakers JJDJM, Coppen R. Comparing the outcome of two different procedures to handle complaints from a patient’s perspective. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2013 May;20(4):290–5.
19.
Cunningham W, Wilson H. Republished original viewpoint: Complaints, shame and defensive medicine. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2011 Dec 1;87(1034):837–40.
20.
Chacko D. Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History: Medical Liability Litigation: An Historical Look at the Causes for its Growth in the United Kingdom [Internet]. 2009. Available from: http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/economics/history/Paper77/77chacko.pdf
21.
Brennan TA. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. Quality and Safety in Health Care. 2004 Apr 1;13(2):145–51.
22.
Ten Years of Maternity Claims - News Release [Internet]. Available from: http://www.nhsla.com/safety/Documents/Ten%20Years%20of%20Maternity%20Claims%20-%20News%20Release%20-%20October%202012.pdf
23.
Vincent C, Davy C, Esmail A, Neale G, Elstein M, Cozens JF, et al. Learning from litigation. The role of claims analysis in patient safety. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2006 Dec;12(6):665–74.
24.
Chiu YC. What drives patients to sue doctors? The role of cultural factors in the pursuit of malpractice claims in Taiwan. Social Science & Medicine. 2010 Aug;71(4):702–7.
25.
Hamasaki T, Hagihara A. A comparison of medical litigation filed against obstetrics and gynecology, internal medicine, and surgery departments. BMC Medical Ethics. 2015 Dec;16(1).
26.
McCool WF, Guidera M, Griffinger E, Sacan D. Closed Claims Analysis of Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Involving Midwives: Lessons Learned Regarding Safe Practices and the Avoidance of Litigation. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health. 2015 Jul;60(4):437–44.
27.
Wallace E, Lowry J, Smith SM, Fahey T. The epidemiology of malpractice claims in primary care: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2013 Jul 18;3(7):e002929–e002929.
28.
Vincent C, Phillips A, Young M. Why do people sue doctors? A study of patients and relatives taking legal action. The Lancet. 1994 Jun;343(8913):1609–13.
29.
Hamasaki T, Hagihara A. Physicians’ explanatory behaviours and legal liability in decided medical malpractice litigation cases in Japan. BMC Medical Ethics. 2011;12(1).
30.
Vincent C, Davy C, Esmail A, Neale G, Elstein M, Cozens JF, et al. Learning from litigation: an analysis of claims for clinical negligence [Internet]. Available from: http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-mds/haps/projects/cfhep/psrp/finalreports/PS006FinalReportVol2Walshe.pdf
31.
Markides GA, Newman CM. Medical malpractice claims in relation to colorectal malignancy in the National Health Service. Colorectal Disease. 2014 Jan;16(1):48–56.
32.
Raine JE. An analysis of successful litigation claims in children in England. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2011 Sep 1;96(9):838–40.
33.
Purushothaman HN, Wilson R, Michell MJ. Medico-legal issues in breast imaging. Clinical Radiology. 2012 Jul;67(7):638–42.
34.
Morgan JL, Vijh R. Trends in malpractice litigation in relation to the delivery of breast care in the National Health Service. The Breast. 2013 Oct;22(5):964–7.
35.
White V, Nath A, Stansby G. Litigation claims relating to venous thromboembolism in the NHS. Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease. 2015 Jul 1;30(6):389–96.
36.
Fenn P, Gray A, Rivero-Arias O, Trevethick G, Trevethick K, Davy C, et al. The epidemiology of error: an analysis of databases of clinical negligence litigation [Internet]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Charles_Vincent3/publication/237252669_The_Epidemiology_of_Error_An_Analysis_of_Databases_of_Clinical_Negligence_Litigation/links/53f7bec00cf24ddba7db2591.pdf
37.
Mathew RG, Ferguson V, Hingorani M. Clinical Negligence in Ophthalmology: Fifteen Years of National Health Service Litigation Authority Data. Ophthalmology. 2013 Apr;120(4):859–64.
38.
Ali N. A decade of clinical negligence in ophthalmology. BMC Ophthalmology. 2007;7(1).
39.
Pegalis SE, Bal BS. Closed Medical Negligence Claims Can Drive Patient Safety and Reduce Litigation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 2012 May;470(5):1398–404.
40.
Durand MA, Moulton B, Cockle E, Mann M, Elwyn G. Can shared decision-making reduce medical malpractice litigation? A systematic review. BMC Health Services Research. 2015 Dec;15(1).
41.
Levinson W. Physician-Patient Communication. JAMA. 1994 Nov 23;272(20).
42.
Goldsmith P, Moon J, Anderson P, Kirkup S, Williams S, Gray M. Do clinical incidents, complaints and medicolegal claims overlap? International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance. 2015 Oct 12;28(8):864–71.
43.
Wofford, Marcia M. MD. Patient Complaints about Physician Behaviors: A Qualitative Study. Academic Medicine [Internet]. 79(2):134–8. Available from: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN00001888-200402000-00008&LSLINK=80&D=ovft
44.
Roter D. The Patient-Physician Relationship and its Implications for Malpractice Litigation. Journal of Health Care Law and Policy [Internet]. 2006;9(2):304–13. Available from: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jhclp/vol9/iss2/7/
45.
Samanta A, Mello MM, Foster C, Tingle J, Samanta J. THE ROLE OF CLINICAL GUIDELINES IN MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE LITIGATION: A SHIFT FROM THE BOLAM STANDARD? Medical Law Review. 2006 Sep 8;14(3):321–66.
46.
Mulheron R. TRUMPING BOLAM: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF BOLITHO’S "GLOSS”. The Cambridge Law Journal. 2010 Nov;69(03):609–38.
47.
Brazier M, Miola J. Bye-bye Bolam: a medical litigation revolution? Medical Law Review. 2000 Jan 1;8(1):85–114.
48.
Penney and others v East Kent Health Authority. 1999;55. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4FNG-MXM0-TWW8-X0YN&csi=280209&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
49.
AB and others v Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust and another. 2004;77. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4FNG-MXN0-TWW8-X01J&csi=280209&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
50.
BOLAM v. FRIERN HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE . Weekly Law Reports (ICLR) [Internet]. 1957;1. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5FJH-TCR1-F00Y-N14Y&csi=417192&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
51.
Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee. All England Law Reports [Internet]. 1957;2. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4CRN-PP50-TWP1-60FY&csi=274668&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
52.
BOLITHO APPELLANT AND CITY AND HACKNEY HEALTH AUTHORITY RESPONDENTS. ICLR: Appeal Cases [Internet]. 1997; Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4K4W-PD40-TXD8-600Y&csi=296986&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
53.
Wilsher v Essex Area Health Authority. All England Law Reports [Internet]. 1988;1. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4CSP-49F0-TWP1-60WD&csi=274668&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
54.
Chester v Afshar. All England Law Reports [Internet]. 2004;4. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4DS2-FHW0-TWP1-601T&csi=274668&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
55.
HOTSON RESPONDENT AND EAST BERKSHIRE AREA HEALTH AUTHORITY APPELLANTS. ICLR: Appeal Cases [Internet]. 1987; Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4K4W-PD40-TXD8-60CB&csi=296986&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
56.
Gregg v Scott. 2002;71. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4FNG-MXN0-TWW8-X0FB&csi=280209&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
57.
Bailey v Ministry of Defence and another. All England Reporter [Internet]. 2007; Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4R9H-64D0-TWP1-70VS&csi=274665&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
58.
Gouldsmith v Mid Staffordshire General Hospitals NHS Trust. All England Reporter [Internet]. 2007; Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4SPK-6KK0-TWP1-71KH&csi=274665&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t
59.
Robertson JH, Thomson AM. An exploration of the effects of clinical negligence litigation on the practice of midwives in England: A phenomenological study. Midwifery. 2016 Feb;33:55–63.
60.
Ortashi O, Virdee J, Hassan R, Mutrynowski T, Abu-Zidan F. The practice of defensive medicine among hospital doctors in the United Kingdom. BMC Medical Ethics. 2013;14(1).
61.
Vaughan J. Gross negligence manslaughter and the healthcare professional. The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2016 Feb;98(2):60–2.
62.
Cheng YW, Snowden JM, Handler SJ, Tager IB, Hubbard AE, Caughey AB. Litigation in obstetrics: does defensive medicine contribute to increases in cesarean delivery? The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2014 Nov;27(16):1668–75.
63.
Asher E, Dvir S, Seidman DS, Greenberg-Dotan S, Kedem A, Sheizaf B, et al. Defensive Medicine among Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Tertiary Hospitals. PLoS ONE. 2013 Mar 6;8(3).
64.
Lisa M. Reisch. Medical Malpractice Concerns and Defensive Medicine. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2015;144(6):916–22.
65.
Cunningham W, Wilson H. Republished original viewpoint: Complaints, shame and defensive medicine. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2011 Dec 1;87(1034):837–40.
66.
Nash L, Tennant C, Walton M. The psychological impact of complaints and negligence suits on doctors. Australasian Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;12(3):278–81.
67.
Burrows J. Telling Tales and Saving Lives: Whistleblowing--The Role of Professional Colleagues in Protecting Patients from Dangerous Doctors. Medical Law Review. 2001 Jun 1;9(2):110–29.
68.
Mannion R, Davies HT. Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2015 Jun 24;4(8):503–5.
69.
Francis SR. Report: Freedom to Speak Up Review [Internet]. Available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150218150343/http://freedomtospeakup.org.uk/the-report/
70.
Speak up for a healthy NHS: How to implement and review whistleblowing arrangements in your organisation [Internet]. The Social Partnership Forum; 2010. Available from: http://www.pcaw.org.uk/files/SpeakupNHS.pdf
71.
Freedom to Speak Up: An independent review into creating an open and honest reporting culture in the NHS - Executive Summary [Internet]. Available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150218150343/https://freedomtospeakup.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/F2SU_Executive-summary.pdf
72.
Jones A, Kelly D. Whistle-blowing and workplace culture in older peoples’ care: qualitative insights from the healthcare and social care workforce. Sociology of Health & Illness. 2014 Sep;36(7):986–1002.
73.
Blenkinsopp J, Snowden N. What About Leadership? Comment on ‘Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations’. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2015 Oct 25;5(2):125–7.
74.
Kelly D, Jones A. When care is needed: the role of whistleblowing in promoting best standards from an individual and organizational perspective. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults. 2013 Sep 9;14(3):180–91.
75.
Cleary SR, Doyle KE. Whistleblowing Need not Occur if Internal Voices Are Heard: From Deaf Effect to Hearer Courage Comment on ‘Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations’. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2015 Sep 29;5(1):59–61.
76.
Jackson D, Hickman LD, Hutchinson M, Andrew S, Smith J, Potgieter I, et al. Whistleblowing: An integrative literature review of data-based studies involving nurses. Contemporary Nurse. 2014 Oct;48(2):240–52.
77.
Raising Concerns at Work - Whistleblowing Guidance for Workers and Employers in Health and Social Care [Internet]. Available from: http://wbhelpline.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Raising-Concerns-at-Work.pdf
78.
Blenkinsopp J, Snowden N. What About Leadership? Comment on ‘Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations’. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2015 Oct 25;5(2):125–7.
79.
Bjørkelo B. Workplace bullying after whistleblowing: future research and implications. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 2013 Mar 22;28(3):306–23.
