@inbook{A. Firey_2009, title={The Public Welfare: Pollution And Purgation}, volume={145}, url={https://brill.com/view/book/9789047440512/Bej.9789004178151.i-294_004.xml}, DOI={10.1163/ej.9789004178151.i-294.14}, booktitle={A Contrite Heart: Prosecution and Redemption in the Carolingian Empire}, publisher={BRILL}, author={A. Firey}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={61–110} }
@book{Abraham_2017, address={Amsterdam}, title={Anticipating Sin in Medieval Society: Childhood, Sexuality, and Violence in the Early Penitentials}, DOI={10.5040/9789048551323?locatt=label:secondary_bloomsburyMedievalStudies}, publisher={Amsterdam University Press}, author={Abraham, Erin V.}, year={2017} }
@article{Alexander Murray_1993, title={Confession before 1215}, volume={3}, DOI={10.2307/3679136}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Alexander Murray}, year={1993}, pages={51–81} }
@inbook{André Vauchez_David Abulafia_1999, address={Cambridge}, title={The Church and the laity}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055734A015/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521362894.011}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={André Vauchez and David Abulafia}, year={1999}, pages={182–203} }
@book{Andrews_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={The Early Humiliati}, volume={no. 43}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496394}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Andrews, Frances}, year={2000} }
@book{Anselm_Hartshorne_Deane_1962, address={La Sarre}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Basic writings: Proslogium, Monologium, Gaunilon’s ‘On behalf of the fool’,Cur deus homo}, publisher={Open Court Publishing Company}, author={Anselm and Hartshorne, Charles and Deane, S. N.}, year={1962} }
@inbook{Arnold_2011, address={London, UK}, title={Selfhood}, url={https://www.bloomsburymedievalstudies.com/encyclopedia?docid=b-9781849660884}, booktitle={Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe}, publisher={Bloomsbury Academic}, author={Arnold, John}, year={2011} }
@book{Augustine_Chadwick_1991, address={Oxford}, title={Confessions}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Augustine and Chadwick, Henry}, year={1991} }
@article{Baldwin_1959, title={The Medieval Theories of the Just Price: Romanists, Canonists, and Theologians in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries}, volume={49}, DOI={10.2307/1005819}, number={4}, journal={Transactions of the American Philosophical Society}, author={Baldwin, John W.}, year={1959} }
@inbook{Barlow_1979, address={London}, title={Chapter 5}, booktitle={The English Church, 1066-1154: a history of the Anglo-Norman church}, publisher={Longman}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1979} }
@book{Barraclough_1968, title={The Medieval papacy}, publisher={Thames & Hudson}, author={Barraclough, Geoffrey}, year={1968} }
@book{Barrow_2015, address={New York}, title={The clergy in the medieval world: secular clerics, their families and careers in north-western Europe, c. 800-c. 1200}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316091364}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Barrow, Julia}, year={2015} }
@book{BeDuhn_2010, address={Philadelphia}, title={Augustine’s Manichaean dilemma: 1: Conversion and apostasy, 373-388 C.E.}, url={http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=4901821440004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={BeDuhn, Jason}, year={2010} }
@book{Benson_Constable_Lanham_1982a, address={Oxford}, title={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Benson, Robert L. and Constable, Giles and Lanham, Carol D.}, year={1982} }
@inbook{Benson_Constable_Lanham_1982b, address={Oxford}, title={Consciousness of Self and Perception of Individuality}, booktitle={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Benson, Robert L. and Constable, Giles and Lanham, Carol D.}, year={1982}, pages={263–298} }
@book{Bernard_2012, address={New Haven}, title={The late medieval English church: vitality and vulnerability before the break with Rome}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt5vm050}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Bernard, G. W.}, year={2012} }
@inbook{Bernstein_2009, address={Cambridge}, title={Heaven, hell and purgatory: 1100–1500}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139056021A022/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.016}, booktitle={Cambridge History of Christianity}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bernstein, Alan E.}, editor={Rubin, Miri and Simons, Walter}, year={2009}, pages={200–216} }
@inbook{Biller_1985, address={Oxford}, title={Multum ieiunantes et se castigantes: medieval Waldensian Asceticism}, volume={22}, booktitle={Monks, hermits and the ascetic tradition: papers read at the 1984 Summer Meeting and the 1985 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society}, publisher={Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell}, author={Biller, Peter}, year={1985}, pages={215–228} }
@book{Biller_Biller_Huguenot Library_2001, address={Aldershot}, title={The Waldenses, 1170-1530: between a religious order and a church}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Biller, Peter and Biller, Peter and Huguenot Library}, year={2001} }
@book{Biller_Bruschi_Sneddon_2010, address={Leiden}, title={Inquisitors and heretics in thirteenth-century Languedoc: edition and translation of Toulouse inquisition depositions, 1273-1282}, volume={v. 147}, url={https://brill.com/view/title/12774}, publisher={Brill}, author={Biller, Peter and Bruschi, Caterina and Sneddon, Shelagh}, year={2010} }
@book{Biller_Huguenot Library_2001, address={Aldershot}, title={The Waldenses, 1170-1530: between a religious order and a church}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Biller, Peter and Huguenot Library}, year={2001} }
@book{Biller_Minnis_1998, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Handling sin: confession in the Middle Ages}, volume={2}, publisher={York Medieval Press}, author={Biller, Peter and Minnis, A. J.}, year={1998} }
@book{Binski_1996, address={London}, title={Medieval death: ritual and representation}, publisher={British Museum}, author={Binski, Paul}, year={1996} }
@inbook{Bird_Peters_Powell_2013, address={Philadelphia}, title={5. Letters of Innocent III to Hubert Walter on the Preaching and Financing of the Crusade, 1200–1201 5. Letters of Innocent III to Hubert Walter on the Preaching and Financing of the Crusade, 1200–1201}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fh9x5}, booktitle={Crusade and Christendom: annotated documents in translation from Innocent III to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Bird, Jessalynn Lea and Peters, Edward and Powell, James M.}, year={2013}, pages={47–52} }
@inbook{Blair_2005, address={Oxford}, title={The English and their Christian Neighbours c. 550 - 650}, url={https://www.vlebooks.com/Product/Index/82736?page=0}, booktitle={The church in Anglo-Saxon society}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Blair, John}, year={2005}, pages={8–78} }
@book{Bolton_1983, address={London}, title={The medieval reformation}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Bolton, Brenda}, year={1983} }
@book{Booker_2009, address={Philadelphia}, title={Past convictions: the penance of Louis the Pious and the decline of the Carolingians}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhzbg}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Booker, Courtney M.}, year={2009} }
@book{Bornstein_1993, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={The Bianchi of 1399: popular devotion in late medieval Italy}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Bornstein, Daniel Ethan}, year={1993} }
@inbook{Bossy_1988a, title={Moral arithmetic: Seven Sins into Ten Commandments}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9780511521430A013/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511521430.008}, booktitle={Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bossy, John}, editor={Leites, Edmund}, year={1988}, month={Apr}, pages={214–234} }
@inbook{Bossy_1988b, title={Moral arithmetic: Seven Sins into Ten Commandments}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9780511521430A013/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511521430.008}, booktitle={Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bossy, John}, editor={Leites, Edmund}, year={1988}, month={Apr}, pages={214–234} }
@article{Bouchard_1981, title={Consanguinity and Noble Marriages in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries}, volume={56}, url={https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/spc/1981/56/2}, DOI={10.2307/2846935}, number={2}, journal={Speculum}, author={Bouchard, Constance B.}, year={1981}, pages={268–287} }
@book{Bouwsma_Huguenot Library_1988, address={New York}, title={John Calvin: a sixteenth-century portrait}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bouwsma, William J. and Huguenot Library}, year={1988} }
@inbook{Boyle_1986, address={Siena}, title={The Inter-Conciliar Period 1179-1215 and the Beginnings of Pastoral Manuals}, url={https://discover.libraryhub.jisc.ac.uk/search?q=Miscellanea Rolando Bandinelli, Papa Alessandro III &rn=1}, booktitle={Miscellanea Rolando Bandinelli, Papa Alessandro III}, publisher={Accademia Senese degli Intronati}, author={Boyle, Leonard E.}, year={1986}, pages={43–56} }
@book{Brian, Tierney_1964, address={Englewood Cliffs [N.J.]}, title={The crisis of church and state: 1050-1300}, publisher={Prentice-Hall}, author={Brian, Tierney}, year={1964} }
@book{Brian Tierney_1964, address={Englewood Cliffs [N.J.]}, title={The crisis of church and state: 1050-1300}, publisher={Prentice-Hall}, author={Brian Tierney}, year={1964} }
@article{Brooke_1968, title={Heresy and Religious Sentiment: 1000–1250}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-2281.1968.tb01243.x}, number={104}, journal={Historical Research}, author={Brooke, C. N. L.}, year={1968}, month={Nov}, pages={115–131} }
@book{Brooke_2002, address={Oxford}, title={The medieval idea of marriage}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01174}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={2002} }
@article{Brown_1973, title={Taxation and Morality in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: Conscience and Political Power and the Kings of France}, volume={8}, DOI={10.2307/285956}, number={1}, journal={French Historical Studies}, author={Brown, Elizabeth A. R.}, year={1973}, month={Spring} }
@book{Brown_1971, address={London}, title={The world of late antiquity: from Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={1971} }
@inbook{Brown_1981, address={Chicago}, title={The Very Special Dead}, volume={new ser., no. 2}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01044}, booktitle={The cult of the saints: its rise and function in Latin Christianity}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={1981}, pages={69–85} }
@inbook{Brown_2000a, address={Philadelphia}, title={The Decline of the Empire of God: Amnesty, Penance, and the Afterlife from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhkvs.5}, booktitle={Last things: death and the Apocalypse in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={2000} }
@book{Brown_2000b, address={London}, edition={New ed. with an epilogue}, title={Augustine of Hippo: a biography}, publisher={Faber and Faber}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={2000} }
@book{Brundage_American Council of Learned Societies_1987, address={Chicago}, title={Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01498}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Brundage, James A. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1987} }
@book{Burr_1993, address={Philadelphia}, title={Olivi’s peaceable kingdom: a reading of the Apocalypse commentary}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4t823c}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Burr, David}, year={1993} }
@book{Burr_2001, address={University Park}, title={The spiritual Franciscans: from protest to persecution in the century after Saint Francis}, DOI={10.5325/j.ctv14gp7s4?locatt=mode:legacy}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Burr, David}, year={2001} }
@book{Burton_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain, 1000–1300}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139170109}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Burton, Janet}, year={1994} }
@book{Carpenter_2003, address={London}, title={The struggle for mastery: Britain 1066-1284}, volume={3}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Carpenter, David}, year={2003} }
@book{Chadwick_2001, address={Oxford}, title={The early Reformation on the continent}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198269021.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Chadwick, Owen}, year={2001} }
@book{Chaucer_2016, address={Cambridge, United Kingdom}, edition={Second edition}, title={The general prologue to the Canterbury Tales}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chaucer, Geoffrey}, editor={Kirkham, David and Allen, Valerie}, year={2016} }
@book{Chibnall_1986, address={Oxford}, title={Anglo-Norman England 1066-1166}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1986} }
@inbook{Christoph T. Maier_1999, address={Aldershot, Hants}, title={Mass, the Eucharist and the Cross: Innocent III and the Relocation of the Crusade}, booktitle={Pope Innocent III and his world}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Christoph T. Maier}, year={1999}, pages={351–360} }
@book{Clarus_Manfredus, title={Le livre des cas}, volume={13}, author={Clarus and Manfredus}, editor={Boureau, Alain} }
@book{Cohn_1970, address={London}, edition={[New ed]}, title={The pursuit of the millenium: revolutionary millenarians and mystical anarchists of the Middle Ages}, publisher={Paladin}, author={Cohn, Norman}, year={1970} }
@book{Cohn_American Council of Learned Societies_1997, address={Baltimore}, title={The cult of remembrance and the Black Death: six Renaissance cities in central Italy}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01262}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Cohn, Samuel Kline and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1997} }
@book{Cole_American Council of Learned Societies_1991, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The preaching of the crusades to the Holy Land, 1095-1270}, volume={no. 98}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31140}, publisher={Medieval Academy of America}, author={Cole, Penny J. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1991} }
@book{Collins_Godman_1990, address={Oxford}, title={Charlemagne’s heir: new perspectives on the reign of Louis the Pious (814-840)}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Collins, Roger and Godman, Peter}, year={1990} }
@book{Cook_2003, address={Cambridge}, title={Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction}, volume={no. 3}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806766}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Cook, Michael}, year={2003} }
@article{Cowdrey_1969, title={Bishop Ermenfrid of Sion and the Penitential Ordinance following the Battle of Hastings}, volume={20}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-ecclesiastical-history/issue/21C3AB329CD037EB754CCA474CA81F2C}, DOI={10.1017/S002204690005466X}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Cowdrey, H. E. J.}, year={1969}, pages={225–242} }
@book{Cushing_2005, address={Manchester}, title={Reform and papacy in the eleventh century: spirituality and social change}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Cushing, Kathleen G.}, year={2005} }
@book{Damian_Blum_1989a, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Letters: 1-30}, volume={Volume 1}, publisher={The Catholic University of America Press Inc}, author={Damian, Peter and Blum, Owen J.}, year={1989} }
@book{Damian_Blum_1989b, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Peter Damian: letters}, volume={v. 2}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Damian, Peter and Blum, Owen J.}, year={1989} }
@inbook{David Charles Douglas_1964, address={London}, title={The Ecclesiastical Revival}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vkr7d}, booktitle={William the Conqueror: the Norman impact upon England}, publisher={Eyre & Spottiswoode}, author={David Charles Douglas}, year={1964}, pages={105–132} }
@book{D’Avray_2005, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval marriage: symbolism and society}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208211.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={D’Avray, D. L.}, year={2005} }
@book{D’Avray_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval religious rationalities: a Weberian analysis}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511779664}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={D’Avray, D. L.}, year={2010} }
@inbook{dAvray_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval values: structures}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9780511779664A011/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511779664.003}, booktitle={Medieval Religious Rationalities}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={dAvray, D. L.}, year={2010}, pages={31–62} }
@book{De Jong_2009, address={Cambridge}, title={The penitential state: authority and atonement in the age of Louis the Pious, 814-840}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={De Jong, Mayke}, year={2009} }
@inbook{Dean_2000a, address={Manchester}, title={Chronicle of Matthew de Griffonibus on Bologna}, DOI={10.7765/9781526112644?locatt=mode:legacy}, booktitle={The towns of Italy in the later Middle Ages}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Dean, Trevor}, year={2000}, pages={58–59} }
@book{Dean_2000b, address={Manchester}, title={The towns of Italy in the later Middle Ages}, DOI={10.7765/9781526112644?locatt=mode:legacy}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Dean, Trevor}, year={2000} }
@book{Delumeau_1989, address={New York}, title={Sin and fear: the emergence of a Western guilt culture, 13th-18th centuries}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Delumeau, Jean}, year={1989} }
@inbook{Dohar_1995, address={Philadelphia}, title={Hereford Parish Clergy at the Century’s End}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4v31sw}, booktitle={The Black Death and pastoral leadership: the Diocese of Hereford in the fourteenth century}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Dohar, William J.}, year={1995}, pages={118–148} }
@inbook{Douglas_Greenaway_1981a, edition={2nd ed}, title={Penances for participation in Battle of Hastings}, booktitle={English historical documents: [Vol.2] : 1042-1189}, author={Douglas, David Charles and Greenaway, George William}, year={1981}, pages={690–691} }
@inbook{Douglas_Greenaway_1981b, edition={2nd ed}, title={Orderic Vitalis on the Death of William}, booktitle={English historical documents: [Vol.2] : 1042-1189}, author={Douglas, David Charles and Greenaway, George William}, year={1981}, pages={289–298} }
@book{Douie_American Council of Learned Societies_1978, address={New York}, title={The nature and the effect of the heresy of the Fraticelli}, volume={no. 220}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01184}, publisher={AMS Press}, author={Douie, Decima L. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1978} }
@book{Duffy_2005, address={New Haven}, edition={2nd edition}, title={The stripping of the altars: traditional religion in England, c.1400-c.1580}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt5vm716}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Duffy, Eamon}, year={2005} }
@inbook{Dutton_1993a, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={Louis’s Public Penance in 822, from Annales Francorum}, booktitle={Carolingian civilization: a reader}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Dutton, Paul Edward}, year={1993}, pages={205–207} }
@inbook{Dutton_1993b, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={Thegan’s Life of Saint Louis}, booktitle={Carolingian civilization: a reader}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Dutton, Paul Edward}, year={1993}, pages={159–175} }
@inbook{Dutton_1993c, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={The Vision of Charles the Fat}, booktitle={Carolingian civilization: a reader}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Dutton, Paul Edward}, year={1993}, pages={537–540} }
@inbook{E. Randolph_2000, address={Philadelphia}, title={Exodus and Exile: Joachim of Fiore’s Apocalyptic Scenario}, url={https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/j.ctt3fhkvs}, booktitle={Last things: death and the Apocalypse in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={E. Randolph, Daniel}, year={2000}, pages={124–139} }
@inbook{Elton_1990, address={Cambridge}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Reformation movements in Germany}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521345361}, booktitle={The New Cambridge modern history: Vol. 2: The Reformation 1520-1559}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Elton, G. R.}, year={1990} }
@book{Erdmann_American Council of Learned Societies_1977, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={The origin of the idea of crusade}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01189}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Erdmann, Carl and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1977} }
@book{Firey_2008, address={Leiden}, title={A new history of penance}, url={https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004122123.i-464}, publisher={Brill}, author={Firey, Abigail}, year={2008} }
@book{Foot_2006, address={Cambridge}, title={Monastic life in Anglo-Saxon England, c. 600-900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Foot, Sarah}, year={2006} }
@book{Forrest_2014, title={Continuity and Change in the Institutional Church}, url={http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582136.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199582136-e-012}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582136.013.012}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Forrest, Ian}, year={2014}, month={Apr} }
@article{Fort_2017, title={Penitents and Their Proxies: Penance for Others in Early Medieval Europe}, volume={86}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/church-history/issue/6BA0EB0F56AE4F172610984B733B2DC0}, DOI={10.1017/S0009640717000038}, number={1}, journal={Church History}, author={Fort, Gavin}, year={2017}, pages={1–32} }
@book{Frantzen_1983, address={New Brunswick, N.J.}, title={The literature of penance in Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Rutgers University Press}, author={Frantzen, Allen J.}, year={1983} }
@book{Fredriksen_2012, address={Princeton}, title={Sin: the early history of an idea}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7tbq0}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Fredriksen, Paula}, year={2012} }
@book{Gardiner_1989, address={New York}, title={Visions of heaven & hell before Dante}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1t88t6z}, publisher={Italica Press}, author={Gardiner, Eileen}, year={1989} }
@book{Gary Dickson, title={Religious Enthusiasm in the Medieval West}, publisher={Variorum}, author={Gary Dickson} }
@inbook{2000, address={Cambridge}, title={Are subjects bound to pay a tax when the need for it is not evident?}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609183}, booktitle={The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts: Volume 2: Ethics and Political Philosophy}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Godfrey of Fontaines}, editor={McGrade, Arthur Stephen and Kilcullen, John and Kempshall, M. S.}, year={2000}, pages={315–320} }
@inbook{Goering_2011, title={The Internal Forum and the Literature of Penance and Confession}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt2853s5.16}, DOI={10.2307/j.ctt2853s5.16}, booktitle={The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140-1234}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Goering, Joseph}, editor={Hartmann, Wilfried and Pennington, Kenneth}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={379–428} }
@book{Goody_1983, address={Cambridge}, title={The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511607752}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Goody, Jack}, year={1983} }
@book{Gregory_Thorpe_1974, address={London, England}, title={The history of the Franks}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Gregory and Thorpe, Lewis G. M.}, year={1974} }
@book{Gregory_Van Dam_Fortunatus_American Council of Learned Societies_1993, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Saints and their miracles in late antique Gaul}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01252}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Gregory and Van Dam, Raymond and Fortunatus, Venantius Honorius Clementianus and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1993} }
@inbook{Grundmann_1995, title={The Religious Movement in the Twelfth Century:}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctvpj7dp4.8}, DOI={10.2307/j.ctvpj7dp4.8}, booktitle={Religious Movements in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Grundmann, Herbert}, year={1995}, month={Jan}, pages={7–30} }
@book{Gulielmus_Davis_Chibnall_1998, address={Oxford}, title={The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Gulielmus and Davis, R. H. C. and Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1998} }
@book{Hamilton_2013, address={Harlow, England}, title={Church and people in the medieval West, 900-1200}, publisher={Pearson}, author={Hamilton, Sarah}, year={2013} }
@inbook{Harper-Bill_1996, address={Stamford}, title={The English Church and English Religion after the Black Death}, booktitle={The black death in England}, publisher={Watkins}, author={Harper-Bill, Christopher}, year={1996} }
@article{HARRIS_1999, title={Publicising the Crusade: English Bishops and the Jubilee Indulgence of 1455}, volume={50}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046998008446}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={HARRIS, JONATHAN}, year={1999}, month={Jan}, pages={23–37} }
@book{Haskins_American Council of Learned Societies_1955, address={Cambridge}, title={The renaissance of the twelfth century}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02003}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Haskins, Charles Homer and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1955} }
@book{Herlihy_American Council of Learned Societies_1967, address={New Haven}, title={Medieval and Renaissance Pistoia: the social history of an Italian town, 1200-1430}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00961}, publisher={Yale University press}, author={Herlihy, David and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1967} }
@book{Horrox_1994, address={Manchester}, title={The Black Death}, DOI={10.7765/9781526112712?locatt=mode:legacy}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Horrox, Rosemary}, year={1994} }
@book{Huizinga_Payton_Mammitzsch_1996, address={Chicago}, title={The autumn of the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Huizinga, Johan and Payton, Rodney Johns and Mammitzsch, Ulrich H. R.}, year={1996} }
@inbook{J. Benton_1991, address={Toronto}, title={Consciousness of Self and Perception of Individuality}, volume={26}, booktitle={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, publisher={Published by the University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={J. Benton}, year={1991}, pages={263–297} }
@book{Jaeger_1994, address={Philadelphia}, title={The envy of angels: cathedral schools and social ideals in medieval Europe, 950-1200}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt46nqgm}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Jaeger, C. Stephen}, year={1994} }
@book{Jansen_2017, address={Princeton}, title={Peace and penance in late medieval Italy}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctvc77c5x}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Jansen, Katherine Ludwig}, year={2017} }
@inbook{Jo Ann McNamara_1994, address={Minneapolis}, title={The Herrenfrage: The Restructuring of the Gender System 1050-1150}, volume={v. 7}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttv7fd.6}, booktitle={Medieval masculinities: regarding men in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Minnesota Press}, author={Jo Ann McNamara}, year={1994}, pages={3–30} }
@inbook{1979, address={New York}, title={Book of Figures, The Fourteenth Table, The seven-headed Dragon (Captions and Commentary)}, booktitle={Apocalyptic spirituality: treatises and letters of Lactantius, Adso of Montier-en-Der, Joachim of Fiore, the Franciscan Spirituals, Savonarola}, publisher={Paulist Press}, author={Joachim of Fiore}, year={1979}, pages={135–141} }
@book{Karras_2017, address={Abingdon, Oxon}, edition={3rd edition}, title={Sexuality in medieval Europe: doing unto others}, publisher={Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group}, author={Karras, Ruth Mazo}, year={2017} }
@article{Kathleen G. Cushing_2005, title={Of Locustae}, volume={74}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/church-history/issue/E3524927B088C67539AC943B6C8083D4}, DOI={10.1017/S0009640700100873}, number={4}, journal={Church History}, author={Kathleen G. Cushing}, year={2005}, pages={740–757} }
@book{Kaye_2014, address={Cambridge}, title={A History of Balance, 1250–1375: The Emergence of a New Model of Equilibrium and its Impact on Thought}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139236225}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kaye, Joel}, year={2014} }
@book{Kelly_2006, address={Cambridge}, title={Satan: a biography}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kelly, Henry Ansgar}, year={2006} }
@article{Laferrière_2017, title={Peddlers of Paradise}, volume={97}, DOI={10.1163/18712428-09701004}, number={1}, journal={Church History and Religious Culture}, author={Laferrière, Anik}, year={2017}, pages={29–52} }
@book{Lambert_2002, address={Oxford}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Medieval heresy: popular movements from the Gregorian reform to the Reformation}, publisher={Blackwell Publishers}, author={Lambert, Malcolm}, year={2002} }
@book{Lambert_Church Historical Society (Great Britain)_1961, address={London}, title={Franciscan poverty: the doctrine of the absolute poverty of Christ and the apostles in the Franciscan Order,1210-1323}, publisher={published for the Church Historical Society by S.P.C.K}, author={Lambert, Malcolm and Church Historical Society (Great Britain)}, year={1961} }
@book{Langholm_2003, address={Leiden}, title={The Merchant in the Confessional: Trade and Price in the Pre-Reformation Penitential Handbooks}, volume={v. 93}, url={https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/title/8164}, publisher={Brill}, author={Langholm, Odd}, year={2003} }
@inbook{Lansing_2001, title={Sexed Bodies, Married Bodies, and Dead Bodies}, url={http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149807.001.0001/acprof-9780195149807-chapter-6}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149807.003.0006}, booktitle={Power & Purity}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Lansing, Carol}, year={2001}, month={Sep}, pages={106–134} }
@book{Lawrence_1989, edition={2nd ed}, title={Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in western Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Longman}, author={Lawrence, C. H.}, year={1989} }
@book{Le Goff, address={London}, title={The birth of purgatory}, publisher={Scolar}, author={Le Goff, Jacques} }
@book{Le Roy Ladurie_Bray_1980, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village, 1294-1324}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel and Bray, Barbara}, year={1980} }
@book{Lea_1896, address={London}, title={A history of auricular confession and indulgences in the Latin Church / by Henry Charles Lea}, publisher={Swan Sonnenschein}, author={Lea, Henry Charles}, year={1896} }
@book{Leclercq_American Council of Learned Societies_1982, address={New York}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The love of learning and the desire for God: a study of monastic culture}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01061}, publisher={Fordham University Press}, author={Leclercq, Jean and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1982} }
@book{Leff_1967, address={Manchester}, title={Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.1}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Leff, Gordon}, year={1967} }
@inbook{Lerner_1982, address={Binghamton, N.Y}, title={The Black Death and Western European Eschatological Mentalities}, volume={v. 13}, booktitle={The black death: the impact of the fourteenth-century plague : papers of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies}, publisher={Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies}, author={Lerner, Robert E.}, year={1982}, pages={77–106} }
@article{Lerner_1985, title={Antichrists and Antichrist in Joachim of Fiore}, volume={60}, DOI={10.2307/2848175}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={Lerner, Robert E.}, year={1985}, month={Jul}, pages={553–570} }
@article{Leyser_1995, title={Cities of the Plain: The Rhetoric of Sodomy in Peter Damian’s ‘Book of Gomorrah’}, volume={86}, url={https://search.proquest.com/docview/1291019920?accountid=14511}, journal={Romanic Review}, author={Leyser, Conrad}, year={1995}, pages={1–15} }
@article{Leyser_1998, title={Custom, Truth, and Gender in Eleventh-Century Reform}, volume={34}, DOI={10.1017/S0424208400013589}, journal={Studies in Church History}, author={Leyser, Conrad}, year={1998}, pages={75–91} }
@inbook{Lise Bysted_2015, address={Turnhout, Belgium}, title={The true year of jubilee: Bernard of Clairvaux on crusade and indulgences}, volume={volume 2}, url={https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14419170770004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true}, booktitle={The Second Crusade: holy war on the periphery of Latin Christendom}, publisher={Brepols}, author={Lise Bysted, Anne}, editor={Roche, Jason T. and Jensen, Janus Møller}, year={2015}, pages={35–49} }
@article{Little_1971, title={Pride Goes before Avarice: Social Change and the Vices in Latin Christendom}, volume={76}, DOI={10.2307/1869775}, number={1}, journal={The American Historical Review}, author={Little, Lester K.}, year={1971}, month={Feb} }
@book{Little_1978, address={London}, title={Religious poverty and the profit economy in medieval Europe}, publisher={Elek}, author={Little, Lester K.}, year={1978} }
@book{Mansfield_American Council of Learned Societies_1995, address={Ithaca}, title={The humiliation of sinners: public penance in thirteenth-century France}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00118}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Mansfield, Mary C. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1995} }
@book{Marenbon_2007, address={London}, title={Medieval philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Marenbon, John}, year={2007} }
@inbook{Marjorie Reeves_1999, address={Stroud}, edition={New, rev. ed}, title={Joachim and the Meaning of History}, booktitle={Joachim of Fiore & the prophetic future: a medieval study in historial thinking}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Marjorie Reeves}, year={1999}, pages={1–28} }
@book{Matsuda_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Death and purgatory in Middle English didactic poetry}, publisher={D.S. Brewer}, author={Matsuda, Takami}, year={1997} }
@article{Mayke de Jong_2007, title={Power and humility in Carolingian society: the public penance of Louis the Pious}, volume={1}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14680254/1992/1/1}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-0254.1992.tb00003.x}, number={1}, journal={Early Medieval Europe}, author={Mayke de Jong}, year={2007}, pages={29–52} }
@book{McCarthy_2004, address={London}, title={Love, sex and marriage in the Middle Ages: a sourcebook}, publisher={Routledge}, author={McCarthy, Conor}, year={2004} }
@inbook{McCready_2011, address={Toronto}, title={Simony and the Sacraments}, volume={177}, booktitle={Odiosa sanctitas: St Peter Damian, simony, and reform}, publisher={Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={McCready, William D.}, year={2011} }
@book{McGinn_American Council of Learned Societies_1979, address={New York}, title={Visions of the end: apocalyptic traditions in the Middle Ages}, volume={no. 96}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06025}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={McGinn, Bernard and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1979} }
@book{McGrath_2011, address={Malden, Mass}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Luther’s theology of the cross: Martin Luther’s theological breakthrough}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119995999}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={McGrath, Alister E.}, year={2011} }
@book{McNeill_Gamer_American Council of Learned Societies_1990, address={New York}, title={Medieval handbooks of penance: a translation of the principal ‘libri poenitentiales’ and selections from related documents}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06026}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={McNeill, John T. and Gamer, Helena M. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1990} }
@book{Mcrae_2018, title={The Psychology of Moral Judgment and Perception in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Ethics}, volume={1}, url={http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780198746140-e-24}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.24}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Mcrae, Emily}, editor={Cozort, Daniel and Shields, James Mark}, year={2018}, month={Apr} }
@inbook{Meens_2014, address={Cambridge}, title={A new beginning? Penitential practice in the insular world}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139029667A009/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139029667.003}, booktitle={Penance in Medieval Europe, 600–1200}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Meens, Rob}, year={2014}, pages={37–69} }
@article{Meyer_1990, address={London}, title={Early Anglo-Saxon Penitentials and the Position of Women}, volume={2}, journal={Haskins Society journal, studies in medieval history}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Meyer, M. E.}, year={1990}, pages={47–61} }
@inbook{Mistry, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Medicine for Sin: Reading Abortion in Early Medieval Penitentials}, url={https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.7722/j.ctt13wzsp5?typeAccessWorkflow=login}, booktitle={Abortion in the early Middle Ages c. 500-900}, publisher={York Medieval Press in association with The Boydell Press}, author={Mistry, Zubin}, pages={126–164} }
@book{Mitchell_Wood_2002, address={Leiden}, title={The world of Gregory of Tours}, volume={v. 8}, publisher={Brill}, author={Mitchell, Kathleen and Wood, I. N.}, year={2002} }
@book{Moore_2009, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): to root up and to plant}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv19m656n}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Moore, John C.}, year={2009} }
@inbook{Moore_1975a, address={London}, title={Accounts of Henry of Lausanne}, volume={1}, booktitle={The birth of popular heresy}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1975}, pages={33–59} }
@inbook{Moore_1975b, address={London}, title={John of Salisbury and Otto of Freising’s accounts of Arnold of Brescia}, volume={1}, booktitle={The birth of popular heresy}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1975}, pages={66–73} }
@article{Moore_1980a, title={Family, Community and Cult on the Eve of the Gregorian Reform}, volume={30}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transactions-of-the-royal-historical-society/volume/23FD72DDA0F4F5ADA798BF484551D993}, DOI={10.2307/3679002}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1980}, pages={49–69} }
@article{Moore_1980b, title={Family, Community and Cult on the Eve of the Gregorian Reform}, volume={30}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transactions-of-the-royal-historical-society/volume/23FD72DDA0F4F5ADA798BF484551D993}, DOI={10.2307/3679002}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1980}, pages={49–69} }
@book{Moreira_2010a, address={New York}, title={Heaven’s purge: purgatory in late antiquity}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Moreira, Isabel}, year={2010} }
@book{Moreira_2010b, title={Heaven’s Purge}, url={http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.001.0001/acprof-9780199736041}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Moreira, Isabel}, year={2010}, month={Nov} }
@inbook{Morris_1991, title={The Papal Reform 1046–1073}, url={http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0198269250.001.0001/acprof-9780198269250-chapter-5}, DOI={10.1093/0198269250.003.0005}, booktitle={The Papal Monarchy}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Morris, Colin}, year={1991}, month={Jul}, pages={79–108} }
@book{Murray_2016, address={Oxford}, edition={First edition}, title={Conscience and authority in the medieval church}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208839.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Murray, Alexander}, year={2016} }
@book{Murray_American Council of Learned Societies_2002, address={Oxford [Oxfordshire]}, title={Reason and society in the Middle Ages}, url={https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01532.0001.001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Murray, Alexander and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={2002} }
@inbook{Nelson_1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The Frankish kingdoms, 814–898: the West}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055710A010/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521362924.007}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Nelson, Janet L.}, editor={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={1995}, pages={110–141} }
@book{Noble_Head, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Soldiers of Christ: saints and saints lives from late antiquity and the early Middle Ages}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Noble, Thomas F. X. and Head, Thomas} }
@book{Oberman_1989, address={New Haven}, title={Luther: man between God and the Devil}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1ww3vzs}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Oberman, Heiko Augustinus}, year={1989} }
@inbook{Ocker_2016, title={Explaining Evil and Grace}, url={http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646920.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199646920-e-1}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646920.013.1}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ocker, Christopher}, editor={Rublack, Ulinka}, year={2016}, month={Dec} }
@book{O’Donnell_2005, address={London}, title={Augustine, sinner & saint: a new biography}, publisher={Profile Books}, author={O’Donnell, James Joseph}, year={2005} }
@book{Olivi_Lewis_2017, address={Saint Bonaventure, NY}, title={Commentary on the Apocalypse}, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/olivi.asp}, publisher={Franciscan Institute Publications}, author={Olivi, Pierre Jean and Lewis, Warren}, year={2017} }
@book{Olivi_Piron_Cusato_2016, address={St. Bonaventure, NY}, title={A treatise on contracts}, publisher={Franciscan Institute Publications}, author={Olivi, Pierre Jean and Piron, Sylvain and Cusato, Michael F.}, editor={Thornton, Ryan}, year={2016} }
@book{Olsen_2011, address={Toronto}, title={Of sodomites, effeminates, hermaphrodites, and androgynes: sodomy in the age of Peter Damian}, volume={176}, publisher={Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={Olsen, Glenn W.}, year={2011} }
@book{Ozment_1975, address={New Haven}, title={The Reformation in the cities: the appeal of Protestantism to sixteenth-century Germany and Switzerland}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Ozment, Steven E.}, year={1975} }
@book{Parish_2010, address={Farnham}, title={Clerical celibacy in the West, c.1100-1700}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Parish, Helen L.}, year={2010} }
@book{Payer_1984, address={Toronto}, title={Sex and the penitentials: the development of a sexual code, 550-1150}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Payer, Pierre J.}, year={1984} }
@book{Pegg_2001, address={Princeton [N.J.]}, title={The corruption of angels: the great Inquisition of 1245-1246}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt7rgxk}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Pegg, Mark Gregory}, year={2001} }
@article{Peter Brown_1971, title={The Rise and Function of the Holy Man in Late Antiquity}, volume={61}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-roman-studies/volume/EB75CB98D416EF8D8B0EDFFCE3C9889D}, DOI={10.2307/300008}, journal={Journal of Roman Studies}, author={Peter Brown}, year={1971}, pages={80–101} }
@book{Peter Brown_2013, address={Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200-1000}, url={http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781118338810}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Peter Brown}, year={2013} }
@book{Poschmann_2018, title={Penance and the Anointing of the Sick}, publisher={Wipf and Stock Publishers}, author={Poschmann, Bernhard}, year={2018} }
@book{Powell_1986, address={Philadelphia [Pa.]}, title={Anatomy of a crusade, 1213-1221}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhpgt}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Powell, James M.}, year={1986} }
@inbook{R. I. Moore_1977, address={London}, title={Chapter 1: Introductory}, booktitle={The origins of European dissent}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={R. I. Moore}, year={1977}, pages={1–20} }
@inbook{Rapp_1998, title={Religious Belief and Practice}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055758A016/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.011}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Rapp, Francis}, editor={Allmand, Christopher}, year={1998}, month={Jun}, pages={203–219} }
@book{Reeves_American Council of Learned Societies_1969a, address={Oxford}, title={The influence of prophecy in the later Middle Ages: a study in Joachimism}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01241}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Reeves, Marjorie and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1969} }
@book{Reeves_American Council of Learned Societies_1969b, address={Oxford}, title={The influence of prophecy in the later Middle Ages: a study in Joachimism}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01241}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Reeves, Marjorie and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1969} }
@article{Rider_2010, title={Lay religion and pastoral care in thirteenth century England: the evidence of a group of short confession manuals}, volume={36}, DOI={10.1016/j.jmedhist.2010.09.001}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Rider, Catherine}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={327–340} }
@article{Rider_2011, title={Sciendum est autem sacerdotibus (Penitens accedens ad confessionem): A Short Thirteenth-Century Treatise on Hearing Confessions}, volume={73}, journal={Mediaeval Studies}, author={Rider, Catherine}, year={2011}, pages={147–182} }
@inbook{Riley-Smith_1995, address={Oxford}, title={The State of Mind of Crusaders to the East 1095-1300}, booktitle={The Oxford illustrated history of the crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1995}, pages={66–90} }
@book{Riley-Smith_2002, address={Basingstoke}, edition={3rd ed}, title={What were the crusades?}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={2002} }
@inbook{Rist_2010, title={Salvation and the Albigensian Crusade: Pope Innocent and the plenary indulgence}, volume={36}, url={https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=NBZWygIAAAAJ&citation_for_view=NBZWygIAAAAJ:3fE2CSJIrl8C}, booktitle={Reading Medieval Studies}, author={Rist, Rebecca}, year={2010}, pages={95–112} }
@inbook{Rittgers_2000, address={Aldershot}, title={Private confession and religious authority in Reformation Nürnberg}, booktitle={Penitence in the age of reformations}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Rittgers, Ronald K.}, year={2000}, pages={49–70} }
@article{Rob Meens_2006, title={Penitentials and the practice of penance in the tenth and eleventh centuries}, volume={14}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14680254/2006/14/1}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-0254.2006.00171.x}, number={1}, journal={Early Medieval Europe}, author={Rob Meens}, year={2006}, pages={7–21} }
@book{Robbins_2004, address={Berkeley, Calif}, title={Becoming sinners: Christianity and moral torment in a Papua New Guinea society}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1525/9780520937086}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Robbins, Joel}, year={2004} }
@article{Robert W. Shaffern_2006, title={The Pardoner’s Promises: Preaching and Policing Indulgences in the Fourteenth-Century English Church}, volume={68}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/24453492?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents}, number={1}, journal={The Historian}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Robert W. Shaffern}, year={2006} }
@book{Robinson_1990, address={Cambridge}, title={The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167772}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Robinson, I. S.}, year={1990} }
@book{Rósenberg_Glucker_1989, address={Tel-Aviv}, title={Good and evil in Jewish thought}, publisher={MOD Books}, author={Rósenberg, Shalom and Glucker, John}, year={1989} }
@book{Rosen-Zvi, address={Philadelphia}, edition={1st ed}, title={Demonic desires: yetzer hara and the problem of evil in late antiquity}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhjfj}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Rosen-Zvi, Ishay} }
@book{Searle_Battle Abbey_1980, address={Oxford}, title={The chronicle of Battle Abbey}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Searle, Eleanor and Battle Abbey}, year={1980} }
@book{Shinners_1997, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Shinners, John Raymond}, year={1997} }
@inbook{Shinners_2008a, address={[Toronto]}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Wachelin’s vision of Purgatory}, volume={2}, booktitle={Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Shinners, John Raymond}, year={2008}, pages={223–228} }
@inbook{Shinners_2008b, address={[Toronto]}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Oswain’s Purgatorial vision}, volume={2}, booktitle={Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Shinners, John Raymond}, year={2008}, pages={504–517} }
@inbook{Shinners_Dohar_1998a, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Summula of the Synod of the Diocese of Exeter}, volume={4}, booktitle={Pastors and the care of souls in medieval England}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Shinners, John Raymond and Dohar, William J.}, year={1998}, pages={170–185} }
@inbook{Shinners_Dohar_1998b, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Constitution 21 of the Fourth Lateran Council}, volume={4}, booktitle={Pastors and the care of souls in medieval England}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Shinners, John Raymond and Dohar, William J.}, year={1998}, pages={169–170} }
@inbook{Smith_2008, address={Aldershot}, title={Radegundis Peccatrix: Authorizations of Virginity in Late Antique Gaul}, booktitle={The transformations of late antiquity: essays for Peter Brown}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Smith, Julia M.H.}, year={2008}, pages={303–326} }
@book{Smith_2011, address={Woodbridge}, title={War and the making of medieval monastic culture}, volume={v. 37}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/war-and-the-making-of-medieval-monastic-culture/267495AF98E56C2DE3FCC899F0474151}, publisher={Boydell & Brewer}, author={Smith, Katherine Allen}, year={2011} }
@book{Sorabji_2015, address={Oxford}, title={Moral conscience through the ages: fifth century BCE to the present}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685547.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Sorabji, Richard}, year={2015} }
@book{Southern_1990a, address={Cambridge}, title={Saint Anselm: a portrait in a landscape}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Southern, Bob}, year={1990} }
@book{Southern_1995, address={Oxford}, title={Scholastic humanism and the unification of Europe, vol. 1: Foundations}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Southern, Bob}, year={1995} }
@book{Southern_1990b, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Western society and the Church in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Southern, R. W.}, year={1990} }
@book{Southern_American Council of Learned Societies_1953, address={New Haven}, title={The making of the middle Ages}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01246}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Southern, R. W. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1953} }
@book{Stancliffe, address={Oxford}, title={St. Martin and his hagiographer}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Stancliffe, Clare} }
@book{Swanson_1995a, address={Cambridge}, title={Religion and devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Swanson, R. N.}, year={1995} }
@book{Swanson_1995b, address={Cambridge}, title={Religion and devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Swanson, R. N.}, year={1995} }
@article{Swanson_2001, title={Indulgences for Prayers for the Dead in the Diocese of Lincoln in the Early Fourteenth Century}, volume={52}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046901005905}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Swanson, R. N.}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={197–219} }
@book{Swanson_2007a, address={Cambridge}, title={Indulgences in late medieval England: passports to paradise?}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Swanson, R. N.}, year={2007} }
@book{Swanson_2007b, address={Cambridge}, title={Indulgences in late medieval England: passports to paradise?}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Swanson, R. N.}, year={2007} }
@book{Tanner_2008, address={London}, title={The Church in the later Middle Ages}, volume={v. 3}, publisher={I.B. Tauris}, author={Tanner, Norman P.}, year={2008} }
@book{Tentler_1977a, address={Princeton}, title={Sin and confession on the eve of the Reformation}, url={https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/j.ctt13x1cpp}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Tentler, Thomas N.}, year={1977} }
@book{Tentler_1977b, address={Princeton}, title={Sin and confession on the eve of the Reformation}, url={https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/j.ctt13x1cpp}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Tentler, Thomas N.}, year={1977} }
@inbook{Thayer_2002, address={Aldershot}, title={‘Luther’s Response to the Late Medieval Penitential Process’}, booktitle={Penitence, preaching and the coming of the Reformation}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Thayer, Anne T.}, year={2002} }
@book{Todeshini_Melucci_2009, address={St. Bonaventure}, title={Franciscan wealth: from voluntary poverty to market society}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucl/detail.action?docID=3240047}, publisher={Franciscan Institute Publications}, author={Todeshini, Giacomo and Melucci, Donatella}, year={2009} }
@inbook{Translated from Latin by Frances Andrews_2009, address={Philadelphia}, title={The Humiliati: Five Texts (1184–thirteenth century)}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhhzb}, booktitle={Medieval Italy: texts in translation}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Translated from Latin by Frances Andrews}, year={2009}, pages={390–392} }
@book{Ullmann_1972, address={London}, title={A short history of the papacy in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Ullmann, Walter}, year={1972} }
@inbook{Van Dam_2005, address={Cambridge}, title={Merovingian Gaul and the Frankish conquests}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139053938A013/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521362917.010}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Van Dam, Raymond}, editor={Fouracre, Paul}, year={2005}, pages={193–231} }
@inbook{Vauchez_1999, title={The Church and the laity}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9781139055734A015/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521362894.011}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Vauchez, André}, year={1999}, month={Oct}, pages={182–203} }
@book{Vessey_Reid_2012, address={Chichester, West Sussex}, title={A companion to Augustine}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118255483}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Vessey, Mark and Reid, Shelley}, year={2012} }
@article{Vincent_2002, title={SOME PARDONERS’ TALES: THE EARLIEST ENGLISH INDULGENCES}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1017/S0080440102000026}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Vincent, Nicholas}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={23–58} }
@inbook{Wakefield_Evans_American Council of Learned Societies_1991a, address={New York}, title={Early Waldensians}, url={https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb06055.0001.001}, booktitle={Heresies of the high middle ages}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Wakefield, Walter L. and Evans, Austin P. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1991}, pages={200–204} }
@book{Wakefield_Evans_American Council of Learned Societies_1991b, address={New York}, title={Heresies of the high middle ages}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06055}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Wakefield, Walter L. and Evans, Austin P. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1991} }
@book{Wakefield_Evans_American Council of Learned Societies_1991c, address={New York}, title={Heresies of the high middle ages}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06055}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Wakefield, Walter L. and Evans, Austin P. and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={1991} }
@book{Wallace-Hadrill_1983a, address={Oxford}, title={The Frankish Church}, DOI={10.1093/0198269064.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.}, year={1983} }
@book{Wallace-Hadrill_1983b, address={Oxford}, title={The Frankish Church}, DOI={10.1093/0198269064.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.}, year={1983} }
@inbook{Wickham_2009, address={London}, title={Merovingian Gaul and Germany, 500–751}, booktitle={The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2009} }
@inbook{William E. Mann_2014, title={Augustine on evil and original sin}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781139178044%23c02533-5-0/type/book_part}, DOI={10.1017/CCO9781139178044.009}, booktitle={The Cambridge Companion to Augustine}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={William E. Mann}, editor={Meconi, David Vincent and Stump, Eleonore}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={98–107} }
@book{Williams_1993, address={Berkeley, California ; Oxford}, title={Shame and necessity}, volume={v. 57}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Williams, Bernard}, year={1993} }
@inbook{Wood_2002, address={Cambridge}, title={The nature of usury: The usurer as winner}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811043}, booktitle={Medieval Economic Thought}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wood, Diana}, year={2002} }
@book{Ziegler_1991, address={Stroud}, edition={Illustrated edition}, title={The Black death}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Ziegler, Philip}, year={1991} }
@misc{Thatcher_Holmes McNeal_1905, address={New York}, title={Gregory VII: Simony and Celibacy 1074}, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/g7-reform1.asp}, journal={A Source Book for Medieval History}, publisher={Scribners}, year={1905}, pages={134–135} }
@misc{Henderson_1910a, address={London}, title={Gregory VII: Dictatus Papae 1090}, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/g7-dictpap.asp}, journal={Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages}, publisher={George Bell and Sons}, year={1910}, pages={366–367} }
@misc{Henderson_1910b, address={London}, title={Gregory VII: Dictatus Papae 1090}, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/g7-dictpap.asp}, journal={Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages}, publisher={George Bell and Sons}, year={1910}, pages={366–367} }
@book{Noble_Smith_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={Cambridge History of Christianity}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139054225}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521817752}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, year={2008} }
@book{Rubin_Simons_2009, address={Cambridge}, title={The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4: Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100–c.1500}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, year={2009} }
@book{OLIN_2009, title={A Reformation Debate}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt13x0212}, DOI={10.2307/j.ctt13x0212}, publisher={Fordham University Press}, year={2009}, month={Aug} }
@inbook{Allen_Amt_2014, address={North York, Ontario, Canada}, edition={Second edition}, title={'Early Indulgences’ and ‘Privileges and Indulgences’}, volume={8}, booktitle={The Crusades: a reader}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, year={2014}, pages={17-18-182–188} }
@book{Arnold_Biller_2016, address={Manchester}, title={Heresy and inquisition in France, 1200-1300}, url={https://doi.org/10.7765/9781784997267}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, year={2016} }
@book{Sennis_2016, address={Woodbridge}, title={Cathars in Question}, volume={volume 4}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt1c3gx3j}, publisher={Boydell & Brewer}, year={2016} }
@inbook{Jenks_2018, title={A Brief Guide for the Uninitiated}, url={https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004360631/BP000002.xml}, DOI={10.1163/9789004360631_003}, booktitle={Documents on the Papal Plenary Indulgences 1300-1517 Preached in the Regnum Teutonicum}, publisher={BRILL}, year={2018}, month={Apr} }
@misc{Agobard of Lyon’s attestation to Louis’s penance }
@misc{Agobard of Lyon’s attestation to Louis’s penance }
@misc{Innocent IV’s letter of March 6 1254 on Purgatory }
@misc{Inquisition Records of Jacques Fournier, url={http://www.sjsu.edu/people/nancy.stork/jacquesfournier/} }
@book{The Works of Martin Luther, volume={Volume 31: Career of the Reformer, Volume One}, url={http://pm.nlx.com/xtf/view?docId=luther_w/luther_w.31.xml;chunk.id=div.CH2;toc.depth=1;toc.id=div.CH2;brand=default} }
