1
P. Brown, in Last things: death and the Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2000.
2
J. Arnold, in Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe, Bloomsbury Academic, London, UK, 2011.
3
J. Delumeau, Sin and fear: the emergence of a Western guilt culture, 13th-18th centuries, St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1989.
4
J. Benton, in Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century, Published by the University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America, Toronto, 1991, vol. 26, pp. 263–297.
5
D. L. D’Avray, Medieval religious rationalities: a Weberian analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010.
6
Peter Brown, The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200-1000, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., 3rd ed., 2013.
7
R. W. Southern and American Council of Learned Societies, The making of the middle Ages, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1953.
8
André Vauchez and David Abulafia, in The New Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 182–203.
9
Augustine and H. Chadwick, Confessions, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991.
10
William E. Mann, in The Cambridge Companion to Augustine, eds. D. V. Meconi and E. Stump, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 98–107.
11
P. Brown, Augustine of Hippo: a biography, Faber and Faber, London, New ed. with an epilogue., 2000.
12
P. Brown, The world of late antiquity: from Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad, Thames and Hudson, London, 1971.
13
M. Vessey and S. Reid, A companion to Augustine, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, 2012.
14
J. J. O’Donnell, Augustine, sinner & saint: a new biography, Profile Books, London, 2005.
15
P. Fredriksen, Sin: the early history of an idea, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2012.
16
J. BeDuhn, Augustine’s Manichaean dilemma: 1: Conversion and apostasy, 373-388 C.E., University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2010.
17
Gregory and L. G. M. Thorpe, The history of the Franks, Penguin, London, England, 1974.
18
I. Moreira, Heaven’s purge: purgatory in late antiquity, Oxford University Press, New York, 2010.
19
J. M. H. Smith, in The transformations of late antiquity: essays for Peter Brown, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2008, pp. 303–326.
20
P. Brown, in The cult of the saints: its rise and function in Latin Christianity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1981, vol. new ser., no. 2, pp. 69–85.
21
Peter Brown, Journal of Roman Studies, 1971, 61, 80–101.
22
Gregory, R. Van Dam, V. H. C. Fortunatus, and American Council of Learned Societies, Saints and their miracles in late antique Gaul, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1993.
23
T. F. X. Noble and T. Head, Soldiers of Christ: saints and saints lives from late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa.
24
K. Mitchell and I. N. Wood, The world of Gregory of Tours, Brill, Leiden, 2002, vol. v. 8.
25
C. Stancliffe, St. Martin and his hagiographer, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
26
R. Van Dam, in The New Cambridge Medieval History, ed. P. Fouracre, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, pp. 193–231.
27
C. Wickham, in The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000, Allen Lane, London, 2009.
28
J. T. McNeill, H. M. Gamer, and American Council of Learned Societies, Medieval handbooks of penance: a translation of the principal ‘libri poenitentiales’ and selections from related documents, Columbia University Press, New York, 1990.
29
R. Meens, in Penance in Medieval Europe, 600–1200, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014, pp. 37–69.
30
Z. Mistry, in Abortion in the early Middle Ages c. 500-900, York Medieval Press in association with The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, pp. 126–164.
31
M. E. Meyer, Haskins Society journal, studies in medieval history, 1990, 2, 47–61.
32
B. Poschmann, Penance and the Anointing of the Sick, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018.
33
P. J. Payer, Sex and the penitentials: the development of a sexual code, 550-1150, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1984.
34
A. J. Frantzen, The literature of penance in Anglo-Saxon England, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., 1983.
35
Rob Meens, Early Medieval Europe, 2006, 14, 7–21.
36
A. Firey, A new history of penance, Brill, Leiden, 2008.
37
C. McCarthy, Love, sex and marriage in the Middle Ages: a sourcebook, Routledge, London, 2004.
38
E. V. Abraham, Anticipating Sin in Medieval Society: Childhood, Sexuality, and Violence in the Early Penitentials, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2017.
39
S. Foot, Monastic life in Anglo-Saxon England, c. 600-900, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
40
T. F. X. Noble and J. M. H. Smith, Eds., Cambridge History of Christianity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008.
41
J. Blair, in The church in Anglo-Saxon society, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005, pp. 8–78.
43
P. E. Dutton, in Carolingian civilization: a reader, Broadview Press, Peterborough, Ont, 1993, pp. 205–207.
45
P. E. Dutton, in Carolingian civilization: a reader, Broadview Press, Peterborough, Ont, 1993, pp. 159–175.
46
Mayke de Jong, Early Medieval Europe, 2007, 1, 29–52.
47
A. Firey, in A Contrite Heart: Prosecution and Redemption in the Carolingian Empire, BRILL, 2009, vol. 145, pp. 61–110.
48
R. Collins and P. Godman, Charlemagne’s heir: new perspectives on the reign of Louis the Pious (814-840), Clarendon, Oxford, 1990.
49
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Frankish Church, Clarendon, Oxford, 1983.
50
C. M. Booker, Past convictions: the penance of Louis the Pious and the decline of the Carolingians, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2009.
51
M. De Jong, The penitential state: authority and atonement in the age of Louis the Pious, 814-840, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009.
52
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Frankish Church, Clarendon, Oxford, 1983.
53
J. L. Nelson, in The New Cambridge Medieval History, ed. R. McKitterick, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 110–141.
54
D. C. Douglas and G. W. Greenaway, in English historical documents: [Vol.2] : 1042-1189, 2nd ed., 1981, pp. 690–691.
55
Gulielmus, R. H. C. Davis and M. Chibnall, The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998.
56
D. C. Douglas and G. W. Greenaway, in English historical documents: [Vol.2] : 1042-1189, 2nd ed., 1981, pp. 289–298.
57
E. Searle and Battle Abbey, The chronicle of Battle Abbey, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980.
58
G. Fort, Church History, 2017, 86, 1–32.
59
R. W. Southern, Western society and the Church in the Middle Ages, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1990.
60
C. H. Lawrence, Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in western Europe in the Middle Ages, Longman, 2nd ed., 1989.
61
David Charles Douglas, in William the Conqueror: the Norman impact upon England, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1964, pp. 105–132.
62
F. Barlow, in The English Church, 1066-1154: a history of the Anglo-Norman church, Longman, London, 1979.
63
H. E. J. Cowdrey, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 1969, 20, 225–242.
64
K. A. Smith, War and the making of medieval monastic culture, Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge, 2011, vol. v. 37.
65
D. Carpenter, The struggle for mastery: Britain 1066-1284, Allen Lane, London, 2003, vol. 3.
66
M. Chibnall, Anglo-Norman England 1066-1166, Blackwell, Oxford, 1986.
67
O. J. Thatcher and E. Holmes McNeal, Eds., A Source Book for Medieval History, 1905, 134–135.
68
E. F. Henderson, Ed., Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, 1910, 366–367.
69
E. F. Henderson, Ed., Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, 1910, 366–367.
70
Brian, Tierney, The crisis of church and state: 1050-1300, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs [N.J.], 1964.
71
Kathleen G. Cushing, Church History, 2005, 74, 740–757.
72
C. Morris, in The Papal Monarchy, Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 79–108.
73
W. Ullmann, A short history of the papacy in the Middle Ages, Methuen, London, 1972.
74
Brian Tierney, The crisis of church and state: 1050-1300, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs [N.J.], 1964.
75
K. G. Cushing, Reform and papacy in the eleventh century: spirituality and social change, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2005.
76
A. Murray and American Council of Learned Societies, Reason and society in the Middle Ages, Clarendon Press, Oxford [Oxfordshire], 2002.
77
W. D. McCready, in Odiosa sanctitas: St Peter Damian, simony, and reform, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto, 2011, vol. 177.
78
I. S. Robinson, The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
79
R. I. Moore, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1980, 30, 49–69.
80
G. Barraclough, The Medieval papacy, Thames & Hudson, 1968.
81
S. Hamilton, Church and people in the medieval West, 900-1200, Pearson, Harlow, England, 2013.
82
P. Damian and O. J. Blum, Letters: 1-30, The Catholic University of America Press Inc, Washington, D.C., 1989, vol. Volume 1.
83
P. Damian and O. J. Blum, Peter Damian: letters, Catholic University of America Press, Washington, D.C., 1989, vol. v. 2.
84
D. L. D’Avray, Medieval marriage: symbolism and society, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005.
85
Jo Ann McNamara, in Medieval masculinities: regarding men in the Middle Ages, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1994, vol. v. 7, pp. 3–30.
86
J. Barrow, The clergy in the medieval world: secular clerics, their families and careers in north-western Europe, c. 800-c. 1200, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2015.
87
G. W. Olsen, Of sodomites, effeminates, hermaphrodites, and androgynes: sodomy in the age of Peter Damian, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto, 2011, vol. 176.
88
C. Leyser, Romanic Review, 1995, 86, 1–15.
89
C. N. L. Brooke, The medieval idea of marriage, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002.
90
C. B. Bouchard, Speculum, 1981, 56, 268–287.
91
J. Goody, The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983.
92
R. M. Karras, Sexuality in medieval Europe: doing unto others, Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, Abingdon, Oxon, 3rd edition., 2017.
93
H. L. Parish, Clerical celibacy in the West, c.1100-1700, Ashgate, Farnham, 2010.
94
J. A. Brundage and American Council of Learned Societies, Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987.
95
C. Leyser, Studies in Church History, 1998, 34, 75–91.
96
R. I. Moore, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1980, 30, 49–69.
97
Anselm, C. Hartshorne and S. N. Deane, Basic writings: Proslogium, Monologium, Gaunilon’s ‘On behalf of the fool’,Cur deus homo, Open Court Publishing Company, La Sarre, 2nd ed., 1962.
98
B. Southern, Saint Anselm: a portrait in a landscape, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
99
C. H. Haskins and American Council of Learned Societies, The renaissance of the twelfth century, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1955.
100
J. Leclercq and American Council of Learned Societies, The love of learning and the desire for God: a study of monastic culture, Fordham University Press, New York, 3rd ed., 1982.
101
J. Marenbon, Medieval philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction, Routledge, London, 2007.
102
B. Southern, Scholastic humanism and the unification of Europe, vol. 1: Foundations, Blackwell, Oxford, 1995.
103
C. S. Jaeger, The envy of angels: cathedral schools and social ideals in medieval Europe, 950-1200, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1994.
104
R. L. Benson, G. Constable and C. D. Lanham, Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1982.
105
P. E. Dutton, in Carolingian civilization: a reader, Broadview Press, Peterborough, Ont, 1993, pp. 537–540.
106
J. R. Shinners, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, University of Toronto Press, [Toronto], 2nd ed., 2008, vol. 2, pp. 223–228.
107
J. R. Shinners, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, University of Toronto Press, [Toronto], 2nd ed., 2008, vol. 2, pp. 504–517.
109
J. Le Goff, The birth of purgatory, Scolar, London.
110
A. E. Bernstein, in Cambridge History of Christianity, eds. M. Rubin and W. Simons, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009, pp. 200–216.
111
J. Huizinga, R. J. Payton and U. H. R. Mammitzsch, The autumn of the Middle Ages, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1996.
112
E. Gardiner, Visions of heaven & hell before Dante, Italica Press, New York, 1989.
113
P. Binski, Medieval death: ritual and representation, British Museum, London, 1996.
114
T. Matsuda, Death and purgatory in Middle English didactic poetry, D.S. Brewer, Cambridge, 1997.
115
I. Moreira, Heaven’s Purge, Oxford University Press, 2010.
116
R. I. Moore, in The birth of popular heresy, Edward Arnold, London, 1975, vol. 1, pp. 33–59.
117
R. I. Moore, in The birth of popular heresy, Edward Arnold, London, 1975, vol. 1, pp. 66–73.
118
W. L. Wakefield, A. P. Evans, and American Council of Learned Societies, in Heresies of the high middle ages, Columbia University Press, New York, 1991, pp. 200–204.
119
Translated from Latin by Frances Andrews, in Medieval Italy: texts in translation, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2009, pp. 390–392.
120
H. Grundmann, in Religious Movements in the Middle Ages, University of Notre Dame Press, 1995, pp. 7–30.
121
R. I. Moore, in The origins of European dissent, Allen Lane, London, 1977, pp. 1–20.
122
L. K. Little, Religious poverty and the profit economy in medieval Europe, Elek, London, 1978.
123
B. Bolton, The medieval reformation, Edward Arnold, London, 1983.
124
F. Andrews, The Early Humiliati, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, vol. no. 43.
125
C. N. L. Brooke, Historical Research, 1968, 41, 115–131.
126
P. Biller and Huguenot Library, The Waldenses, 1170-1530: between a religious order and a church, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2001.
127
Gary Dickson, Religious Enthusiasm in the Medieval West, Variorum.
128
J. Burton, Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain, 1000–1300, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994.
129
J. R. Shinners and W. J. Dohar, in Pastors and the care of souls in medieval England, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind, 1998, vol. 4, pp. 170–185.
130
J. R. Shinners and W. J. Dohar, in Pastors and the care of souls in medieval England, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind, 1998, vol. 4, pp. 169–170.
131
C. Rider, Journal of Medieval History, 2010, 36, 327–340.
132
T. N. Tentler, Sin and confession on the eve of the Reformation, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1977.
133
H. C. Lea, A history of auricular confession and indulgences in the Latin Church / by Henry Charles Lea, Swan Sonnenschein, London, 1896.
134
R. L. Benson, G. Constable and C. D. Lanham, in Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1982, pp. 263–298.
135
Alexander Murray, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1993, 3, 51–81.
136
P. Biller and A. J. Minnis, Handling sin: confession in the Middle Ages, York Medieval Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1998, vol. 2.
137
L. E. Boyle, in Miscellanea Rolando Bandinelli, Papa Alessandro III, Accademia Senese degli Intronati, Siena, 1986, pp. 43–56.
138
J. Goering, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140-1234, eds. W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, Catholic University of America Press, 2011, pp. 379–428.
139
C. Rider, Mediaeval Studies, 2011, 73, 147–182.
140
A. Murray, Conscience and authority in the medieval church, Oxford University Press, Oxford, First edition., 2016.
141
A. Vauchez, in The New Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 182–203.
142
I. Forrest, Continuity and Change in the Institutional Church, Oxford University Press, 2014.
143
J. L. Bird, E. Peters and J. M. Powell, in Crusade and Christendom: annotated documents in translation from Innocent III to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2013, pp. 47–52.
144
S. J. Allen and E. Amt, Eds., in The Crusades: a reader, University of Toronto Press, North York, Ontario, Canada, Second edition., 2014, vol. 8, pp. 17-18-182–188.
145
J. M. Powell, Anatomy of a crusade, 1213-1221, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia [Pa.], 1986.
146
J. S. C. Riley-Smith, in The Oxford illustrated history of the crusades, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 66–90.
147
Christoph T. Maier, in Pope Innocent III and his world, Ashgate, Aldershot, Hants, 1999, pp. 351–360.
148
J. C. Moore, Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): to root up and to plant, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind, 2009.
149
P. J. Cole and American Council of Learned Societies, The preaching of the crusades to the Holy Land, 1095-1270, Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, Mass, 1991, vol. no. 98.
150
C. Erdmann and American Council of Learned Societies, The origin of the idea of crusade, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1977.
151
A. Lise Bysted, in The Second Crusade: holy war on the periphery of Latin Christendom, eds. J. T. Roche and J. M. Jensen, Brepols, Turnhout, Belgium, 2015, vol. volume 2, pp. 35–49.
152
R. Rist, in Reading Medieval Studies, 2010, vol. 36, pp. 95–112.
153
J. S. C. Riley-Smith, What were the crusades?, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 3rd ed., 2002.
154
M. Rubin and W. Simons, Eds., The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4: Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100–c.1500, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009.
155
Joachim of Fiore, in Apocalyptic spirituality: treatises and letters of Lactantius, Adso of Montier-en-Der, Joachim of Fiore, the Franciscan Spirituals, Savonarola, Paulist Press, New York, 1979, pp. 135–141.
156
P. J. Olivi and W. Lewis, Commentary on the Apocalypse, Franciscan Institute Publications, Saint Bonaventure, NY, 2017.
157
B. McGinn and American Council of Learned Societies, Visions of the end: apocalyptic traditions in the Middle Ages, Columbia University Press, New York, 1979, vol. no. 96.
158
Marjorie Reeves, in Joachim of Fiore & the prophetic future: a medieval study in historial thinking, Sutton, Stroud, New, rev. ed., 1999, pp. 1–28.
159
G. Leff, Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.1, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1967.
160
D. Burr, Olivi’s peaceable kingdom: a reading of the Apocalypse commentary, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993.
161
D. E. Randolph, in Last things: death and the Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2000, pp. 124–139.
162
N. Cohn, The pursuit of the millenium: revolutionary millenarians and mystical anarchists of the Middle Ages, Paladin, London, [New ed]., 1970.
163
R. E. Lerner, Speculum, 1985, 60, 553–570.
164
M. Reeves and American Council of Learned Societies, The influence of prophecy in the later Middle Ages: a study in Joachimism, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1969.
165
D. L. Douie and American Council of Learned Societies, The nature and the effect of the heresy of the Fraticelli, AMS Press, New York, 1978, vol. no. 220.
166
M. Lambert and Church Historical Society (Great Britain), Franciscan poverty: the doctrine of the absolute poverty of Christ and the apostles in the Franciscan Order,1210-1323, published for the Church Historical Society by S.P.C.K, London, 1961.
167
D. Burr, The spiritual Franciscans: from protest to persecution in the century after Saint Francis, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 2001.
168
M. Reeves and American Council of Learned Societies, The influence of prophecy in the later Middle Ages: a study in Joachimism, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1969.
169
W. L. Wakefield, A. P. Evans, and American Council of Learned Societies, Heresies of the high middle ages, Columbia University Press, New York, 1991.
170
W. L. Wakefield, A. P. Evans, and American Council of Learned Societies, Heresies of the high middle ages, Columbia University Press, New York, 1991.
171
J. Arnold and P. Biller, Eds., Heresy and inquisition in France, 1200-1300, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2016.
172
P. Biller, C. Bruschi and S. Sneddon, Inquisitors and heretics in thirteenth-century Languedoc: edition and translation of Toulouse inquisition depositions, 1273-1282, Brill, Leiden, 2010, vol. v. 147.
173
Inquisition Records of Jacques Fournier, http://www.sjsu.edu/people/nancy.stork/jacquesfournier/.
174
P. Biller, in Monks, hermits and the ascetic tradition: papers read at the 1984 Summer Meeting and the 1985 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell, Oxford, 1985, vol. 22, pp. 215–228.
175
C. Lansing, in Power & Purity, Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 106–134.
176
M. Lambert, Medieval heresy: popular movements from the Gregorian reform to the Reformation, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 3rd ed., 2002.
177
P. Biller, P. Biller, and Huguenot Library, The Waldenses, 1170-1530: between a religious order and a church, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2001.
178
M. G. Pegg, The corruption of angels: the great Inquisition of 1245-1246, Princeton University Press, Princeton [N.J.], 2001.
179
A. Sennis, Ed., Cathars in Question, Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge, 2016, vol. volume 4.
180
E. Le Roy Ladurie and B. Bray, Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village, 1294-1324, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1980.
181
P. J. Olivi, S. Piron and M. F. Cusato, A treatise on contracts, Franciscan Institute Publications, St. Bonaventure, NY, 2016.
182
Clarus and Manfredus, Le livre des cas, vol. 13.
183
Godfrey of Fontaines, in The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts: Volume 2: Ethics and Political Philosophy, eds. A. S. McGrade, J. Kilcullen and M. S. Kempshall, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, pp. 315–320.
184
D. Wood, in Medieval Economic Thought, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
185
L. K. Little, The American Historical Review, , DOI:10.2307/1869775.
186
G. Todeshini and D. Melucci, Franciscan wealth: from voluntary poverty to market society, Franciscan Institute Publications, St. Bonaventure, 2009.
187
E. A. R. Brown, French Historical Studies, , DOI:10.2307/285956.
188
J. Kaye, A History of Balance, 1250–1375: The Emergence of a New Model of Equilibrium and its Impact on Thought, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014.
189
J. W. Baldwin, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, , DOI:10.2307/1005819.
190
O. Langholm, The Merchant in the Confessional: Trade and Price in the Pre-Reformation Penitential Handbooks, Brill, Leiden, 2003, vol. v. 93.
191
G. Chaucer, The general prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Second edition., 2016.
192
J. R. Shinners, Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, Broadview Press, Peterborough, Ont, 1997.
193
T. Dean, in The towns of Italy in the later Middle Ages, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2000, pp. 58–59.
194
Robert W. Shaffern, The Historian.
195
R. N. Swanson, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 2001, 52, 197–219.
196
D. L. dAvray, in Medieval Religious Rationalities, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010, pp. 31–62.
197
R. N. Swanson, Indulgences in late medieval England: passports to paradise?, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
198
N. Vincent, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 2002, 12, 23–58.
199
E. Duffy, The stripping of the altars: traditional religion in England, c.1400-c.1580, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2nd edition., 2005.
200
S. Jenks, Ed., in Documents on the Papal Plenary Indulgences 1300-1517 Preached in the Regnum Teutonicum, BRILL, 2018.
201
A. Laferrière, Church History and Religious Culture, 2017, 97, 29–52.
202
J. HARRIS, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 1999, 50, 23–37.
203
R. N. Swanson, Indulgences in late medieval England: passports to paradise?, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
204
N. P. Tanner, The Church in the later Middle Ages, I.B. Tauris, London, 2008, vol. v. 3.
205
R. N. Swanson, Religion and devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
206
R. Horrox, The Black Death, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1994.
207
T. Dean, The towns of Italy in the later Middle Ages, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2000.
208
C. Harper-Bill, in The black death in England, Watkins, Stamford, 1996.
209
K. L. Jansen, Peace and penance in late medieval Italy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2017.
210
W. J. Dohar, in The Black Death and pastoral leadership: the Diocese of Hereford in the fourteenth century, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1995, pp. 118–148.
211
G. W. Bernard, The late medieval English church: vitality and vulnerability before the break with Rome, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2012.
212
S. K. Cohn and American Council of Learned Societies, The cult of remembrance and the Black Death: six Renaissance cities in central Italy, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1997.
213
D. Herlihy and American Council of Learned Societies, Medieval and Renaissance Pistoia: the social history of an Italian town, 1200-1430, Yale University press, New Haven, 1967.
214
R. E. Lerner, in The black death: the impact of the fourteenth-century plague : papers of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies, Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies, Binghamton, N.Y, 1982, vol. v. 13, pp. 77–106.
215
D. E. Bornstein, The Bianchi of 1399: popular devotion in late medieval Italy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y., 1993.
216
M. C. Mansfield and American Council of Learned Societies, The humiliation of sinners: public penance in thirteenth-century France, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1995.
217
P. Ziegler, The Black death, Sutton, Stroud, Illustrated edition., 1991.
218
R. N. Swanson, Religion and devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
219
The Works of Martin Luther, vol. Volume 31: Career of the Reformer, Volume One.
220
J. C. OLIN, Ed., A Reformation Debate, Fordham University Press, 2009.
221
A. T. Thayer, in Penitence, preaching and the coming of the Reformation, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2002.
222
O. Chadwick, The early Reformation on the continent, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
223
T. N. Tentler, Sin and confession on the eve of the Reformation, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1977.
224
R. K. Rittgers, in Penitence in the age of reformations, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2000, pp. 49–70.
225
H. A. Oberman, Luther: man between God and the Devil, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1989.
226
S. E. Ozment, The Reformation in the cities: the appeal of Protestantism to sixteenth-century Germany and Switzerland, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1975.
227
C. Ocker, in The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations, ed. U. Rublack, Oxford University Press, 2016.
228
J. Bossy, in Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe, ed. E. Leites, Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. 214–234.
229
A. E. McGrath, Luther’s theology of the cross: Martin Luther’s theological breakthrough, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, Mass, 2nd ed., 2011.
230
W. J. Bouwsma and Huguenot Library, John Calvin: a sixteenth-century portrait, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988.
231
F. Rapp, in The New Cambridge Medieval History, ed. C. Allmand, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 203–219.
232
G. R. Elton, in The New Cambridge modern history: Vol. 2: The Reformation 1520-1559, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1990.
233
R. Sorabji, Moral conscience through the ages: fifth century BCE to the present, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.
234
B. Williams, Shame and necessity, University of California Press, Berkeley, California ; Oxford, 1993, vol. v. 57.
235
M. Cook, Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, vol. no. 3.
236
I. Rosen-Zvi, Demonic desires: yetzer hara and the problem of evil in late antiquity, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1st ed.
237
S. Rósenberg and J. Glucker, Good and evil in Jewish thought, MOD Books, Tel-Aviv, 1989.
238
E. Mcrae, The Psychology of Moral Judgment and Perception in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Ethics, Oxford University Press, 2018, vol. 1.
239
J. Robbins, Becoming sinners: Christianity and moral torment in a Papua New Guinea society, University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif, 2004, vol. 4.
240
H. A. Kelly, Satan: a biography, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
241
J. Bossy, in Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe, ed. E. Leites, Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. 214–234.