Bibliography for UCLQG111: Archaeology of the pre-Islamic Middle East

1.
Eric M. Meyers, American Schools of Oriental Research. The Oxford encyclopedia of archaeology in the Near East. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997.

2.
Potts, Daniel T. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

3.
Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009.

4.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

5.
Bottéro J. Everyday life in ancient Mesopotamia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2001.

6.
Kuhrt A. The ancient Near East: c.3000-330 BC. London: Routledge; 1995.

7.
Matthews R. The archaeology of Mesopotamia: theories and approaches. London: Routledge; 2003.

8.
P. R. S. Moorey. Ancient Mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 1999.

9.
Nissen HJ. The early history of the ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1988.

10.
Pollock S. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that never was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.

11.
J. N. Postgate. Early Mesopotamia: society and economy at the dawn of history. London: Routledge; 1994.

12.
Potts DT. Mesopotamian civilization: the material foundations. London: Athlone Press; 1997.

13.
Radner K, Robson E, editors. The Oxford handbook of cuneiform culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011.

14.
Van de Mieroop M. A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2007.

15.
T. J. Wilkinson. Archaeological landscapes of the Near East. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press; 2003.

16.
Oriental Institute. Catalog of Publications [Internet]. University of Chicago; Available from: http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/

17.
AMAR: Archive of Mesopotamian Archaeological Site Reports [Internet]. Stony Brook University; Available from: http://amar.hsclib.sunysb.edu/amar/

18.
ETANA: Electronic Tools and Ancient Near East Archive [Internet]. Available from: http://www.etana.org/home

19.
ArchAtlas: Archaeological Atlas Project [Internet]. Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, UK.; Available from: http://www.archatlas.org/Home.php

20.
Ancient Near East Placemarks for Google Earth [Internet]. Uppsala Universitet; Available from: http://www.lingfil.uu.se/staff/olof_pedersen/Google_Earth/

21.
ETCSL: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature [Internet]. Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford; Available from: http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/

22.
The American Schools of Oriental Research - Archaeology in the Near East [Internet]. Boston University; Available from: http://www.asor.org/

23.
BISI: British Institute for the Study of Iraq [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bisi.ac.uk/

24.
CBRL: Council for British Research in the Levant [Internet]. Available from: http://109.203.113.232/homepage.aspx

25.
BFSA: British Foundation for the Study of Arabia [Internet]. Available from: https://www.thebfsa.org/

26.
The German Archaeological Institute (DAI - Deutsches Archäologisches Institut) [Internet]. Available from: http://www.dainst.org/en/

27.
Petraglia MD. Out of Africa: new hypotheses and evidence for the dispersal of Homo sapiens along the Indian Ocean rim, Annals of Human Biology, Informa Healthcare. Annals of Human Biology. 2010;37(3).

28.
Pettitt P. The Rise of Modern Humans. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009. p. 140–154.

29.
T. J. Wilkinson. Environmental context. Archaeological landscapes of the Near East [Internet]. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press; 2003. p. 15–32. Available from: http://books.google.com.qa/books?id=DGne7r74GKUC&lpg=PR1&hl=ar&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false

30.
Bar-Yosef O. On the Nature of Transitions: the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic and the Neolithic Revolution. Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 1998;8(02):141–163.

31.
Bar-Yosef O. The Excavations in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel. Current Anthropology. The University of Chicago Press; 1992;Vol. 33(No. 5):497–550.

32.
Bar-Yosef Mayer et al. DE. Shells and ochre in Middle Paleolithic Qafzeh Cave, Israel: indications for modern behavior. Journal of Human Evolution. 2009;56(3):307–314.

33.
Beyin A. The Bab al Mandab vs the Nile-Levant: An Appraisal of the Two Dispersal Routes for Early Modern Humans Out of Africa. African Archaeological Review. 2006;23(1–2):5–30.

34.
Clark et al. JD. Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature. 2003;423(6941):747–752.

35.
Crassard R, Hilbert YH. A Nubian Complex Site from Central Arabia: Implications for Levallois Taxonomy and Human Dispersals during the Upper Pleistocene. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(7).

36.
Crassard R, Petraglia MD, Drake NA, Breeze P, Gratuze B, Alsharekh A, Arbach M, Groucutt HS, Khalidi L, Michelsen N, Robin CJ, Schiettecatte J. Middle Palaeolithic and Neolithic Occupations around Mundafan Palaeolake, Saudi Arabia: Implications for Climate Change and Human Dispersals. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(7).

37.
d’Errico F, Stringer CB. Evolution, revolution or saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2011;366(1567):1060–1069.

38.
Derricourt R. Getting "Out of Africa”: Sea Crossings, Land Crossings and Culture in the Hominin Migrations. Journal of World Prehistory. 2005;19(2):119–132.

39.
Frumkin A, Bar-Yosef O, Schwarcz HP. Possible paleohydrologic and paleoclimatic effects on hominin migration and occupation of the Levantine Middle Paleolithic %u2606. Journal of Human Evolution [Internet]. 2011;60(4). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0047248410000618

40.
Green et al. RE. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science. 2010;328(5979):710–722.

41.
Grun et al. R. U-series and ESR analyses of bones and teeth relating to the human burials from Skhul. Journal of Human Evolution [Internet]. 2005;49(3). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0047248405000679

42.
Krause et al. J. The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature. 2010;464(7290):894–897.

43.
Mellars et al. P. Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States [Internet]. 2013;110(26). Available from: http://www.pnas.org/content/110/26/10699.full

44.
Parker AG, Rose JI. Climate change and human origins in southern Arabia. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Archaeopress; 2008;38:19–42.

45.
Petraglia MD, Alsharekh AM, Crassard R, Drake NA, Groucutt H, Parker AG, Roberts RG. Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2011;30(13–14):1555–1559.

46.
Richerson et al. P. Cultural Innovations and Demographic Change. Human Biology. 2009;81(3):211–235.

47.
Rose JI, Usik VI, Marks AE, Hilbert YH, Galletti CS, Parton A, Geiling JM, Černý V, Morley MW, Roberts RG. The Nubian Complex of Dhofar, Oman: An African Middle Stone Age Industry in Southern Arabia. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(11).

48.
Shea JJ. The Middle Paleolithic of the East Mediterranean Levant. Journal of World Prehistory. Springer; 2003;Vol. 17(4):313–394.

49.
Stringer C. Human evolution: Out of Ethiopia. Nature. 2003;423(6941).

50.
Maher LA, Richter T, Stock JT. The Pre-Natufian Epipaleolithic: Long-term Behavioral Trends in the Levant. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 2012;21(2):69–81.

51.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990. p. 18–30.

52.
Simmons AH. The Levant. In: Potts DT, editor. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/127

53.
Watkins T. From foragers to complex societies in Southwest Asia. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009. p. 200–233.

54.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

55.
Delage C, editor. The last hunter-gatherers in the Near East. Oxford: John and Erica Hedges Ltd; 2004.

56.
Bar-Yosef O, Valla FR, editors. The Natufian culture in the Levant. Ann Arbor, Mich: International Monographs in Prehistory; 1991.

57.
Goring-Morris N. Complex hunter-gatherer societies at the end of the Palaeolithic (20,000-10,000 BP). In: Levy TE, editor. The archaeology of society in the Holy Land. Pbk. ed. London: Leicester University Press; 1998. p. 141–168.

58.
Goring-Morris N, Belfer-Cohen A. Structures and dwellings in the Upper and Epi-Palaeolithic (ca 42-10k BP) Levant: profane and symbolic uses. In: Vasil’ev SA, Soffer O, Kozlowski J, editors. Perceived landscapes and built environments: the cultural geography of Late Paleolithic Eurasia. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2003. p. 65–81.

59.
Kislev ME, Nadel D, Carmi I. Epipalaeolithic (19,000 BP) cereal and fruit diet at Ohalo II, Sea of Galilee, Israel. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 1992;73(1–4):161–166.

60.
Maher et al. LA. Twenty thousand-year-old huts at a hunter-gatherer settlement in Eastern Jordan. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(2).

61.
Nadel D, Werker E. The oldest ever brush hut plant remains from Ohalo II, Jordan Valley, Israel (19,000 BP). Antiquity . 1999;73(282):755–764.

62.
Otte et al. M. The Epi-Palaeolithic of Öküzini Cave (SW Anatolia) and its mobiliary art. Antiquity. 1995;69(266):931–944.

63.
Richter et al. T. Interaction before Agriculture: Exchanging Material and Sharing Knowledge in the Final Pleistocene Levant. Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 2011;21(01):95–114.

64.
Weiss E, Wetterstrom W, Nadel D, Bar-Yosef O. The broad spectrum revisited: evidence from plant remains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Internet]. 2004;101(26). Available from: http://www.pnas.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/101/26/9551.full

65.
Weiss et al. E. Plant-food preparation area on an Upper Paleolithic brush hut floor at Ohalo II, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science [Internet]. 2008;35(8). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0305440308000563

66.
Bar-Yosef O. The Natufian culture in the Levant, threshold to the origins of agriculture. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 1998;6(5):159–177.

67.
Brian Boyd. On ‘Sedentism’ in the Later Epipalaeolithic (Natufian) Levant. World Archaeology. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 2006;Vol. 38(No. 2):164–178.

68.
Byrd BF, Monahan CM. Death, mortuary ritual, and Natufian social structure. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 1995;14(3):251–287.

69.
Grosman L, Munro ND, Belfer-Cohen A. A 12,000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008;105(46):17665–17669.

70.
Kuijt I. What do we really know about food storage, surplus, and feasting in preagricultural communities? Current Anthropology. 2009;50(5):641–644.

71.
Munro ND, Grosman L. Early evidence (ca. 12,000 B.P.) for feasting at a burial cave in Israel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010;107(35):15362–15366.

72.
Belfer-Cohen A, Goring-Morris AN. Becoming Farmers: the inside story. Current Anthropology. 2011;52(S4):S209–S220.

73.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

74.
Watkins T. New light on Neolithic revolution in south-west Asia. Antiquity [Internet]. 2010;85(325):621–634. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/755013342?accountid=14511

75.
Watkins T. From foragers to complex societies in Southwest Asia. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009. p. 200–233.

76.
Arbuckle BS. Animals in the ancient world. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 201–219. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/239

77.
Evershed et al. RP. Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and southeastern Europe linked to cattle herding. Nature. 2008;455(7212):528–531.

78.
Fuller DQ. An Emerging Paradigm Shift in the Origins of Agriculture. General Anthropology. 2010;17(2):1–12.

79.
Fuller DQ, Willcox G, Allaby RG. Early agricultural pathways: moving outside the ‘core area’ hypothesis in Southwest Asia. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2012;63(2):617–633.

80.
Vigne JD. The origins of animal domestication and husbandry: a major change in the history of humanity and the biosphere. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 2011;334(3):171–181.

81.
Willcox G. The beginnings of cereal cultivation and domestication in southwest Asia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 163–180. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/201

82.
Zeder MA. The origins of agriculture in the Near East. Current Anthropology. 2011;52(S4):S221–S235.

83.
Asouti E. Beyond the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B interaction sphere. Journal of World Prehistory. Springer; 2006;20(2):87–126.

84.
Bar-Yosef O. The Walls of Jericho: an alternative interpretation. Current Anthropology. The University of Chicago Press; 1986;27(2):157–162.

85.
Byrd BF. Reassessing the emergence of village life in the Near East. Journal of Archaeological Research. Springer; 2005;13(3):231–290.

86.
Goring-Morris AN, Belfer-Cohen A. Neolithization processes in the Levant: the outer envelope. Current Anthropology. 2011;52(S4):S195–S208.

87.
Brian Hayden. Were luxury foods the first domesticates? Ethnoarchaeological perspectives from southeast Asia. World Archaeology [Internet]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 2003;34(3):458–469. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3560197

88.
Kuijt I. People and space in early agricultural villages: exploring daily lives, community size, and architecture in the late pre-pottery Neolithic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 2000;19(1):75–102.

89.
Otterbein KF. Warfare and Its relationship to the origins of agriculture. Current Anthropology. 2011;52(2):267–268.

90.
Scarre C. The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009. p. 176–199.

91.
Banning EB. So fair a house: Göbekli Tepe and the identification of temples in the pre-pottery neolithic of the Near East. Current Anthropology. 2011;52(5):619–660.

92.
Cauvin J. The birth of the gods and the origins of agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

93.
Grissom CA. Neolithic statues from ’Ain Ghazal: construction and form. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America; 2000;104(1):25–45.

94.
Hodder I, editor. Religion in the emergence of civilization: Çatalhöyük as a case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010.

95.
Hodder I, Meskell L. A "curious and sometimes a trifle macabre artistry”: some aspects of symbolism in neolithic Turkey. Current Anthropology. 2011;52(2):235–263.

96.
Marchand F. The modelling skulls in the ancient Near-East. Tiempo y sociedad. 2012;(6).

97.
Mithren et al. SJ. An 11,600 year-old communal structure from the Neolithic of southern Jordan. Antiquity [Internet]. 2011;85(328):350–364. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/880070802?accountid=14511

98.
Rollefson GO. Early Neolithic ritual centers in the southern Levant. Neo-lithics. 2005;(2/05):3–13.

99.
Schmidt K. ‘Ritual centers’ and the neolithicisation of Upper Mesopotamia. Neo-lithics. 2005;(2/05):13–21.

100.
Schmidt K. Göbekli Tepe – the stone age sanctuaries. New results of ongoing excavations with a special focus on sculptures and high reliefs. Documenta Praehistorica. 2010;XXXVII:239–256.

101.
Verhoeven M. Ritual and ideology in the pre-pottery Neolithic B of the Levant and southeast Anatolia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 2002;12(2):233–258.

102.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

103.
Baird D. The late Epipalaeolithic, Neolithic, and Chalcolithic of the Anatolian plateau, 13000-4000 BC. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 431–465. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/469

104.
Campbell S. Northern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 415–430. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/453

105.
Hodder I. The leopard’s tale : revealing the mysteries of Çatalhöyük. London: Thames & Hudson; 2006.

106.
Kozłowski SK, Arenche O. Territories, boundaries and cultures in the Neolithic Near East. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2005.

107.
Kuijt I. Life in Neolithic farming communities: social organization, identity, and differentiation. London: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2000.

108.
Kuijt I, Goring-Morris N. Foraging, farming, and social complexity in the pre-pottery neolithic of the southern Levant: a review and synthesis. Journal of World Prehistory. 2002;16(4):361–440.

109.
Campbell S. Northern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 415–430. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/415

110.
Nieuwenhuyse O. Feasting in the Steppe – Late Neolithic ceramic change and the rise of the Halaf. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: Madrid, April 3-8, 2006 [Internet]. Madrid: Centro Superior de Estudios sobre el Oriente Próximo y Egipto; 2008. p. 692–708. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/419085/Feasting_in_the_Steppe

111.
Oates J. Southern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 466–484. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/504

112.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

113.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

114.
Akkermans PMMG. An image of complexity: the burnt village at late neolithic Sabi Abyad, Syria. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America; 1995;99(1):5–32.

115.
Akkermans PMMG, Duistermaat K. Of storage and nomads: the sealings from late neolithic Sabi Abyad, Syria. Paléorient . 1996;22(2):17–44.

116.
Aitchison NB. Bouqras revisited: preliminary report on a project in eastern Syria. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society [Internet]. 1983;49. Available from: http://journals.cambridge.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8888831&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0079497X00008045

117.
Akkermans PMMG. Burying the dead in late neolithic Syria. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: Madrid, April 3-8, 2006 [Internet]. Madrid: Ediciones Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 2008. p. 621–644. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/564282/Burying_the_Dead_in_Late_Neolithic_Syria

118.
Blackham M. Further investigations as to the relationship of Samarran and Ubaid ceramic assemblages. Iraq [Internet]. British Institute for the Study of Iraq; 1996;58:1–15. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4200416

119.
Campbell S. Problems of definition: the origins of the Halaf in north Iraq. In: Lebeau M, editor. About Subartu: studies devoted to Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols; 1998. p. 39–52.

120.
Campbell S. Archaeological constructs and past reality on the upper Euphrates. In: del Olmo Lete G, Fenollós JLM, editors. Archaeology of the Upper Syrian Euphrates : the Tishrin Dam area : proceedings of the International Symposium held at Barcelona, January 28th-30th, 1998 [Internet]. Sabadell Barcelona: AUSA; 1999. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/3521554/Archaeological_constructs_and_past_reality_on_the_upper_Euphrates

121.
Campbell S. The burnt house at Arpachiyah: a reexamination. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 2000;(318):1–40.

122.
Claire et al. L. Warfare in Late Neolithic\Early Chalcolithic Pisidia, southwestern Turkey. Documenta Praehistorica. 2008;35:65–92.

123.
Cruells W, Nieuwenhuyse O. The Proto-Halaf period in Syria. New sites, new data. Paléorient . 2004;30(1):47–68.

124.
Davidson TE, McKerrell H. Pottery analysis and Halaf Period trade in the Khabur headwaters region. Iraq. British Institute for the Study of Iraq; 1976;38(1):45–56.

125.
Evershed et al. RP. Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and southeastern Europe linked to cattle herding. Nature. 2008;455(7212):528–531.

126.
Fletcher A. Ceramic styles at Domuztepe: evidence for social interaction in the late Neolithic. In: Kühne H, Czichon RM, Kreppner FJ, editors. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: 29 March - 3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz; 2008. p. 111–124.

127.
Matthews R. The rise of civilization in southwest Asia. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009. p. 432–471.

128.
Nieuwenhuyse O. The earliest ceramics from Tell Sabi Abyad. Leiden Journal of Pottery Studies. 2006;22:111–128.

129.
Rollefson GO, Kohler-Rollefson I. The collapse of early neolithic settlements in the southern Levant. In: Hershkovitz I, editor. People and culture in change: proceedings of the Second Symposium on Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic populations of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Oxford: B.A.R; 1989. p. 73–90.

130.
Sherratt A. The secondary exploitation of animals in the Old World. World Archaeology. 1983;15(1):90–104.

131.
Spataro M, Fletcher A. Centralisation or regional identity in the Halaf Period? Examining interactions within fine painted ware production. Paléorient [Internet]. 2010;36(2):91–116. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/41496904?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

132.
Wengrow D. The evolution of simplicity: aesthetic labour and social change in the Neolithic Near East. World Archaeology. 2001;33(2):168–188.

133.
Yener KA. The domestication of metals: the rise of complex metal industries in Anatolia. Leiden: Brill; 2000.

134.
Matthews R. Peoples and complex societies of ancient southwest Asia. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009. p. 432–471.

135.
Oates J. Southern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 466–484. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/466

136.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

137.
Stein GJ. Local identities and interaction spheres: modeling regional variation in the ’Ubaid horizon. In: Carter RA, Philip G, editors. Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East : papers from The Ubaid Expansion? : Cultural Meaning, Identity and the Lead-up to Urbanism, international workshop held at Grey College, University of Durham, 20-22 April 2006. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2010. p. 23–44.

138.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

139.
Campbell S, Fletcher A. Questioning the Halaf Ubaid transition. In: Carter RA, Philip G, editors. Beyond the Ubaid : transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2010.

140.
Carter R. Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC. Antiquity [Internet]. 2006;80(307):52–63. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/217579905?accountid=14511

141.
Croucher K. Figuring out identity: the body and identity in the Ubaid. In: Carter RA, Philip G, editors. Beyond the Ubaid : transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2010.

142.
Jasim SA, Oates J. Early Tokens and Tablets in Mesopotamia: New Information from Tell Abada and Tell Brak. World Archaeology. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 1986;17(3):348–362.

143.
Karsgaard P. The Halaf-Ubaid transition: a transformation without a centre? In: Carter RA, Philip G, editors. Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East : papers from The Ubaid Expansion? : Cultural Meaning, Identity and the Lead-up to Urbanism, international workshop held at Grey College, University of Durham, 20-22 April 2006. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2010. p. 67–51.

144.
Forest JD. Les ‘jetons’ non urukiens et l’echange des femmes. In: Henrickson EF, editor. Upon this foundation: the ’Ubaid reconsidered : proceedings from the ’Ubaid Symposium Elsinore May 30th-June 1st 1988. [Copenhagen]: University of Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press; 1989. p. 199–226.

145.
Oates J. Trade and power in the fifth and fourth millennia BC: new evidence from northern Mesopotamia. World archaeology. 1993;24(3):403–422.

146.
Oates J. Ubaid Mesopotamia revisited. From handaxe to Khan: essays presented to Peder Mortensen on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus, Oakville, CT: Aarhus University Press; 2004.

147.
Oates J. Ubaid Mesopotamia reconsidered. The Hilly flanks and beyond: essays on the prehistory of southwestern Asia presented to Robert J Braidwood, November l5, l982. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 1983. p. 251–281.

148.
Stein G. Economy, ritual and power in Ubaid Mesopotamia. In: Stein G, Rothman MS, editors. Chiefdoms and early states in the Near East: the organizational dynamics of complexity [Internet]. Madison, Wis: Prehistory Press; 1994. p. 35–46. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/337166/Economy_Ritual_and_Power_In_Ubaid_Mesopotamia

149.
Carter RA, Philip G, editors. Beyond the Ubaid : transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2010.

150.
Henrickson EF, Thuesen I, editors. Upon this foundation : the ’Ubaid reconsidered : proceedings from the ’Ubaid Symposium Elsinore May 30th-June 1st 1988. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press; 1989.

151.
Matthews R. Peoples and complex societies of ancient southwest Asia. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson; 2009. p. 432–471.

152.
Oates et. al. J. Early Mesopotamian urbanism: a new view from the north. Antiquity. 2007;81(313):585–600.

153.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

154.
Wengrow D. What makes civilization? : the ancient Near East and the future of the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.

155.
Adams RMcC, Nissen HJ. The Uruk countryside : the natural setting of urban societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1972.

156.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

157.
Algaze et al. G. The Uruk expansion: cross-cultural exchange in early Mesopotamian civilization. Current Anthropology [Internet]. The University of Chicago Press; 1989;30(5):571–608. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/2743567

158.
Algaze G. The Uruk world system: the dynamics of expansion of early Mesopotamian civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1993.

159.
Algaze G. Initial social complexity in southwestern Asia: the Mesopotamian advantage. Current Anthropology. 2001;42(2):199–233.

160.
Algaze G. Ancient Mesopotamia at the dawn of civilization: the evolution of an urban landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2008.

161.
Frangipane M. A 4th-millennium temple/palace complex at Arslantepe-Malatya. North-south relations and the formation of early state societies in the northern regions of Greater Mesopotamia. Paléorient. 1997;23(1):45–73.

162.
Liverani M. Uruk: the first city. London: Equinox; 2006.

163.
Matthews R. Copper and complexity: Iran and Mesopotamia in the fourth millennium B.C. Iran. British Institute of Persian Studies; 2004;42:61–75.

164.
Augusta McMahon. The lion, the king and the cage: late Chalcolithic iconography and ideology in northern Mesopotamia. Iraq [Internet]. 2009;71:115–124. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20779006?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

165.
McMahon A, Sołtysiak A, Weber J. Late Chalcolithic mass graves at Tell Brak, Syria, and violent conflict during the growth of early city-states. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2011;36(3):201–220.

166.
Nissen HJ. The early history of the ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1988.

167.
Nissen HJ. Cultural and political networks in the ancient Near East during the fourth and third millennium BC. In: Rothman MS, editor. Uruk Mesopotamia & its neighbors: cross-cultural interactions in the era of state formation. Oxford: James Currey; 2001. p. 149–180.

168.
Oates J. Trade and power in the fifth and fourth millennia BC: new evidence from northern Mesopotamia. World archaeology. 1993;24(3):403–422.

169.
Philip G. Contacts between the ‘Uruk’ world and the Levant during the fourth millennium BC: evidence and interpretation. In: Postgate JN, editor. Artefacts of complexity: tracking the Uruk in the Near East. Warminster: British School of Archaeology in Iraq; 2002. p. 207–235.

170.
Pollock S. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that never was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.

171.
Pournelle JR. The littoral foundations of the Uruk state: using satellite photography toward a new understanding of 5th/4th millenium BCE landscapes in the Warka survey area, Iraq. In: Gheorghiu D, editor. Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age hydrostrategies [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2003. p. 5–23. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/908605/The_Littoral_Foundations_of_The_Uruk_State_Using_Satellite_Photography_Toward_a_New_Understanding_Of_5th_4th_Millenium_BCE_Landscapes_in_the_Warka_Survey_Area_Iraq

172.
Pournelle JR, Algaze G. Travels in Edin: deltaic resilience and early urbanism in Greater Mesopotamia. In: Crawford H, McMahon A, Postgate N, editors. Preludes to urbanism: studies in the late chalcolithic of Mesopotamia in honour of Joan Oates [Internet]. MacDonald Institute for Archaeology; 2011. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/1039194/Travels_in_Edin_Deltaic_Resilience_and_Early_Urbanism_in_Greater_Mesopotamia

173.
Riechel C. Administrative complexity in Syria during the 4th millennium BC: the seals and sealings from Tell Hamoukar, Syria. Akkadica. 2002;123.

174.
Rothman MS. Tepe Gawra: the evolution of a small, prehistoric center in northern Iraq. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology; 2002.

175.
Stein GJ. Rethinking world-systems: diasporas, colonies, and interaction in Uruk Mesopotamia. Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 1999.

176.
Ur J. Southern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 533–555.

177.
Ur JA, Karsgaard P, Oates J. Early urban development in the Near East. Science. 2007;317(5842):1188–1188.

178.
Ur J, Karsgaard P, Oates J. The spatial dimensions of early Mesopotamian urbanism: the Tell Brak suburban survey, 2003–2006. Iraq. 2011;73:1–19.

179.
Wengrow D. ‘The changing face of clay’: continuity and change in the transition from village to urban life in the Near East. Antiquity. 1998;72(278):783–795.

180.
Wengrow D. The evolution of simplicity: aesthetic labour and social change in the Neolithic Near East. World Archaeology. 2001;33(2):168–188.

181.
Wengrow D. Prehistories of Commodity Branding. Current Anthropology. 2008;49(1):7–34.

182.
Postgate JN, editor. Artefacts of complexity : tracking the Uruk in the Near East. Warminster: British School of Archaeology in Iraq; 2002.

183.
Rothman MS, editor. Uruk Mesopotamia & its neighbors : cross-cultural interactions in the era of state formation. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press; 2001.

184.
Baines J. Origins of Egyptian kingship. In: O’Connor D, Silverman DP, editors. Ancient Egyptian kingship. Boston & Lieden: Brill; 1995. p. 95–156.

185.
Bard KathrynA. The emergence of the Egyptian state (c. 3200-2686 BC). In: Shaw I, editor. The Oxford history of Ancient Egypt [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 57–82. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9780191590597

186.
Kemp BJ. The intellectual foundations of the early state. Ancient Egypt : anatomy of a civilization [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2006. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9780203468821/startPage/71

187.
Kemp BJ. The dynamics of culture. Ancient Egypt : anatomy of a civilization [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2006. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9780203468821/startPage/122

188.
Midant-Reynes B. The Naqada period (c. 4000-3200 BC). In: Shaw I, editor. The Oxford history of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 41–56.

189.
Gatto MC. The Nubian pastoral culture as link between Egypt and Africa: a view from the archaeological record. In: Exell K, editor. Egypt in its African context: proceedings of the conference held at the Manchester Museum,University of Manchester, 2-4 October 2009 [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2011. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/545582/The_Nubian_Pastoral_Culture_as_Link_between_Egypt_and_Africa_A_View_from_the_Archaeological_Record

190.
O’Connor D, Reid A. Introduction: locating ancient Egypt in Africa: modern theories, past realities. In: O’Connor D, Reid A, editors. Ancient Egypt in Africa. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Left Coast Press; 2003.

191.
Sheppard KL. Flinders Petrie and eugenics at UCL. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology. 2010;20(1).

192.
Wengrow D. Landscapes of knowledge, idioms of power: the African foundations of ancient Egyptian civilization reconsidered. In: O’Connor D, Reid A, editors. Ancient Egypt in Africa. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Left Coast Press; 2003.

193.
Baines J. Communication and display: the integration of early Egyptian art and writing. Antiquity [Internet]. 1989;63(240):471–482. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/217556567?accountid=14511

194.
Baines J. Restricted knowledge, hierarchy, and decorum: modern perceptions and ancient Institutions. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt [Internet]. American Research Center in Egypt; 1990;27:1–23. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/40000070

195.
Baines J, Yoffee N. Order, legitimacy, and wealth in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. In: Feinman GM, Marcus J, editors. Archaic states. Santa Fe, N.M: School of American Research Press; 1998. p. 199–260.

196.
Ben-Tor A. New light on the relations between Egypt and southern Palestine during the Early Bronze Age. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 1991;(281):3–10.

197.
Connah G. Holocene Africa. In: Scarre C, editor. The human past: world prehistory & the development of human societies. London: Thames & Hudson; 2005. p. 370–380.

198.
Midant-Reynes B. The prehistory of Egypt from the first Egyptians to the first pharaohs. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers; 2000.

199.
Lehner M. The complete pyramids. London: Thames and Hudson; 1997.

200.
MacGregor N. King Den’s sandal label. A history of the world in 100 objects. New York: Viking; 2010.

201.
Málek J. In the shadow of the pyramids: Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press; 1986.

202.
Malek J. The Old Kingdom (c.2686-2160 BC). In: Shaw I, editor. The Oxford history of Ancient Egypt [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9780191590597/startPage/100

203.
Manley B. Petrie’s revolutions: the case of the Qurneh Queen. In: Exell K, editor. Egypt in its African context : proceedings of the conference held at the Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, 2-4 October 2009. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2011.

204.
Moorey P. On tracking cultural transfers in prehistory: the case of Egypt and lower Mesopotamia in the fourth millennium BC. In: Rowlands M, Larsen M, Kristiansen K, editors. Centre and periphery in the ancient world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1987. p. 36–46.

205.
O’Connor D. Egyptology and archaeology: an African perspective. In: Robertshaw P, editor. A history of African archaeology. London: J. Currey; 1990.

206.
Snape S. Book review of ‘State formation in Egypt: chronology and society’, by Toby Wilkinson. Antiquity [Internet]. 1997;71(273):778–779. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1293755917?accountid=14511

207.
Seidlmayer S. Town and state in the early Old Kingdom: a view from Elephantine. In: Spencer J, editor. Aspects of early Egypt. London: British Museum Press; 1996. p. 108–127.

208.
Trigger BG. The rise of Egyptian civilization. Ancient Egypt: a social history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983. p. 1–43.

209.
van den Brink ECM, Levy TE, editors. Egypt and the Levant: interrelations from the 4th through the early 3rd millennium BCE. London: Leicester University Press; 2002.

210.
Wengrow D. The archaeology of early Egypt: social transformations in North-East Africa, 10,000 to 2650 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006.

211.
Wengrow D. What makes civilization? : the ancient Near East and the future of the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.

212.
Raffaele F. Corpus of Egyptian late predynastic decorated palettes (ceremonial slate palettes) [Internet]. Available from: http://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/hesyra/palettes.htm

213.
J. N. Postgate. Early Mesopotamia: society and economy at the dawn of history. London: Routledge; 1994.

214.
Ur J. Southern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 533–555.

215.
Crawford HEW. Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.

216.
Stone E. City-states and their centers. The Mesopotamian example. In: Nichols DL, Charlton TH, editors. The archaeology of city-states : cross-cultural approaches. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press; 1997.

217.
Westenholz A. The Sumerian city-state. In: Hansen MH, editor. A comparative study of six city-state cultures: an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters; 2002.

218.
Yoffee N. Political economy in early Mesopotamian states. Annual Review of Anthropology. Annual Reviews; 1995;24:281–311.

219.
Baadsgaard et al. A. Human sacrifice and intentional corpse preservation in the Royal Cemetery of Ur. Antiquity [Internet]. 2011;85(327):27–42. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/858226663?accountid=14511

220.
Schmidt-Schultz T, Schultz M, Sadori L, Palmieri A, Morbidelli P, Hauptmann A, Di Nocera GM, Frangipane M. New symbols of a new power in a "royal” tomb from 3000 BC Arslantepe, Malatya (Turkey). Paléorient. 2001;27(2):105–139.

221.
Adams RMcC. Heartland of cities : surveys of ancient settlement and land use on the central floodplain of the Euphrates. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1981.

222.
Adams RMcC. Land behind Baghdad : a history of settlement on the Diyala Plains. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1965.

223.
Adams RMcC, Nissen HJ. The Uruk countryside : the natural setting of urban societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1972.

224.
Matthews W, Postgate JN. The imprint of living in an early Mesopotamian city. In: Luff R, Rowley-Conwy P, editors. Whither environmental archaeology? Oxbow; 1994. p. 171–212.

225.
T. J. Wilkinson. The structure and dynamics of dry-farming states in Upper Mesopotamia [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology. The University of Chicago Press; 1994;35(5):483–520.

226.
T. J. Wilkinson. Archaeological landscapes of the Near East. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press; 2003.

227.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

228.
Cooper L. Early urbanism on the Syrian Euphrates. London: Routledge; 2006.

229.
Potts DT. The archaeology of Elam: formation and transformation of an ancient Iranian state [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://shib-idp.ucl.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780511323300

230.
Bahrani Z. Women of Babylon: gender and representation in Mesopotamia. London: Routledge; 2001.

231.
Charvát P. Mesopotamia before history. London: Routledge; 2002.

232.
Cohen AC. Death rituals, ideology, and the development of early Mesopotamian kingship: toward a new understanding of Iraq’s royal cemetery of Ur. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers; 2005.

233.
Pollock S. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that never was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.

234.
Van de Mieroop, Marc. The ancient Mesopotamian city. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999.

235.
Foster B. Shuruppak and the Sumerian city-state. In: Kogan et al. L, editor. Memoriae Igor M Diakonoff. Winona Lake, Ind: Published for the Russian State University for the Humanities by Eisenbrauns; 2004. p. 71–88.

236.
Hansen DP. Royal Building Activity at Sumerian Lagash in the Early Dynastic Period. The Biblical Archaeologist [Internet]. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 1992;55(4):206–211. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/3210315

237.
Matthiae P. Ebla: an empire rediscovered. London: Hodder and Stoughton; 1980.

238.
Martin HP. Fara : a reconstruction of the ancient Mesopotamian city of Shuruppak. Birmingham: Chris Martin; 1988.

239.
McMahon A. Nippur V: The early dynastic to Akkadian transition; the area WF sounding at Nippur. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2006.

240.
Moorey PRS. Kish excavations, 1923-1933: with a microfiche catalogue of the objects excavated by the Oxford-Field Museum, Chicago Expedition to Kish in Iraq, 1923-1933. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1978.

241.
Oates et al. D. Excavations at Tell Brak vol. 2: Nagar in the 3rd Millennium. Cambridge: British School of Archaeology in Iraq; 1997.

242.
Peltenburg E, editor. Euphrates river valley settlement: the Carchemish sector in the third millennium BC. London: Council for British Research in the Levant; 2007.

243.
Archi A, Biga MG. A victory over Mari and the fall of Ebla. Journal of Cuneiform Studies. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 2003;55:1–44.

244.
Evans JM. The square temple at Tell Asmar and the construction of early dynastic Mesopotamia, ca. 2900-2350 B.C.E. American Journal of Archaeology [Internet]. Archaeological Institute of America; 2007;111(4):599–632. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/40025265

245.
Van de Mieroop M. A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2007.

246.
Heinz M. The Ur III, old Babylonian, and Kassite empires. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East Volume 2. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 706–722.

247.
McMahon A. The Akkadian period: empire, environment, imagination. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/665

248.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

249.
Wengrow D. What makes civilization? : the ancient Near East and the future of the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.

250.
Crawford HEW. Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.

251.
Dercksen JG. The old Assyrian copper trade in Anatolia. [Istanbul]: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul; 1996.

252.
Lamberg-Karlovsky CC. The archaeological evidence for international commerce: public and/or private enterprise in Mesopotamia. In: Hudson M, Levine BA, editors. Privatization in the ancient near East and classical world: a colloquium held at New York University, November 17-18, 1994. Cambridge, Mass: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology; 1996.

253.
Larsen M. Commercial networks in the ancient Near East. In: Rowlands M, Larsen M, Kristiansen K, editors. Centre and periphery in the ancient world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1987. p. 47–56.

254.
Oppenheim AL. The Seafaring Merchants of Ur. Journal of the American Oriental Society [Internet]. American Oriental Society; 1954;74(1):6–17. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/595475

255.
Pinnock F. Ebla and Ur: relations, exchanges and contacts between two great capitals of the Ancient Near East. Iraq. British Institute for the Study of Iraq; 2006;68:85–97.

256.
J. N. Postgate. Early Mesopotamia: society and economy at the dawn of history. London: Routledge; 1994.

257.
Veenhof KR. The Old Assyrian merchants and their relations with the native population of Anatolia. Mesopotamien und seine Nachbarn: politische und kulturelle Wechselbeziehungen im alten Vorderasien vom 4 bis 1 Jahrtausend v Chr. Berlin: Reimer; 1982.

258.
Veenhof KR. Kanesh: an Assyrian colony in Anatolia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995.

259.
Veenhof KR. Archives of old Assyrian traders. In: Brosius M, editor. Ancient archives and archival traditions: concepts of record-keeping in the ancient world. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003.

260.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

261.
Colantoni C, Ur JA. The architecture and pottery of a late third-millennium residential quarter at Tell Hamoukar, north-eastern Syria. Iraq. 2011;73:21–69.

262.
H. Weiss, M.-A. Courty, W. Wetterstrom, F. Guichard, L. Senior, R. Meadow and A. Curnow. The genesis and collapse of third millennium north Mesopotamian civilization. Science [Internet]. American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1993;261(5124):995–1004. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/2881847

263.
Steinkeller P. The administrative and economic organization of the Ur III state: the core and the periphery. In: Gibson M, Biggs RD, editors. The Organization of power: aspects of bureaucracy in the ancient Near East [Internet]. 2nd ed. with corrections. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 1991. p. 15–33. Available from: http://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc46.pdf

264.
Wright RP. Technology, class and gender: worlds of difference in Ur III Mesopotamia. In: Wright RP, editor. Gender and archaeology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1991. p. 79–110.

265.
Oates J. Babylon. Rev. ed. London: Thames and Hudson; 2008.

266.
Sasson JM. King Hammurabi of Babylon. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 901–915.

267.
Stone EC, Zimansky P. Mashkan-shapir and the anatomy of an old Babylonian city. The Biblical Archaeologist. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 1992;55(4):212–218.

268.
Van de Mieroop M. King Hammurabi of Babylon: a biography. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub; 2005.

269.
Larsen MT. The old Assyrian city-state and its colonies. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag : [eksp., DBK]; 1976.

270.
Sagona A, Zimansky P. Foreign merchants and native states: Middle Bronze Age (2000-1650 BC). Ancient Turkey. London: Routledge; 2009. p. 225–252.

271.
Villard P. Shamshi-Adad and sons: the rise and fall of an Upper Mesopotamian empire. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 873–883.

272.
Zettler RL. Administration of the temple of Inanna at Nippur under the 3rd dynasty of Ur: archaeological and documentary evidence. In: Gibson M, Biggs RD, editors. The administrative and economic organization of the Ur III state: the core and the periphery [Internet]. 2nd ed. with corrections. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 1991. p. 101–114. Available from: http://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc46.pdf

273.
Eidem J. The royal archives from Tell Leilan: Old Babylonian letters and treaties from the Lower Town Palace East. [Internet]. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten; 2010. Available from: http://leilan.yale.edu/pubs/files/RisvetWeiss_YTLR2010.pdf

274.
Heimpel W. Letters to the king of Mari: a new translation, with historical introduction, notes, and commentary. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2003.

275.
Margueron JC. Mari: a portrait in art of a Mesopotamian city-state. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 885–899.

276.
Matthiae, Paolo. Ebla: an empire rediscovered. London: Hodder and Stoughton; 1980.

277.
Özgüç T. The palaces and temples of Kültepe-Kaniš/Neša. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi; 1999.

278.
Parrot, André. Mari, capitale fabuleuse. Paris: Payot; 1974.

279.
Ristvet L. The third millennium city wall at Tell Leilan, Syria: identity, authority and urbanism. In: Bretschneider J, Dreissen J, van Lerberghe K, editors. Power and architecture: monumental public architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean : proceedings of the international conference ‘Power and Architecture’ organized by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the Université Catholique de Louvain and the Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster on the 21st and 22nd of November 2002. Dudley, Mass: Peeters; 2007. p. 183–212.

280.
Ristvet L. Legal and archaeological territories of the second millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia. Antiquity. 2008;82(317):585–599.

281.
J. N. Postgate. Early Mesopotamia: society and economy at the dawn of history. London: Routledge; 1994.

282.
Margueron, Jean. Recherches sur les palais mésopotamiens de l’Age du Bronze. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner S.A.; 1982.

283.
Pollock S. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that never was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.

284.
Postgate N. The first empires. Oxford: Elsevier-Phaidon; 1977.

285.
J. N. Postgate. Early Mesopotamia: society and economy at the dawn of history. London: Routledge; 1994.

286.
Van de Mieroop M. A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2007.

287.
Woolley L, Moorey PRS. Ur ‘of the Chaldees’: a revised and updated edition of Sir Leonard Woolley’s Excavations at Ur. Rev., updated ed. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press; 1982.

288.
Crawford HEW. Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.

289.
J. N. Postgate. Early Mesopotamia: society and economy at the dawn of history. London: Routledge; 1994.

290.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

291.
Bottéro J. Everyday life in ancient Mesopotamia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2001.

292.
Potts DT. Mesopotamian civilization: the material foundations. London: Athlone Press; 1997.

293.
Potts, Daniel T. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

294.
Crawford HEW. Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.

295.
Matthews RJ. Fragments of officialdom from Fara. Iraq. British Institute for the Study of Iraq; 1991;53:1–15.

296.
Nissen HJ. The Archaic Texts from Uruk. World Archaeology. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 1986;17(3):317–334.

297.
Pearce L. The scribes and scholars of ancient Mesopotamia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 2265–2278.

298.
Pollock S. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that never was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.

299.
Postgate N, Wang T, Wilkinson T. The evidence for early writing: utilitarian or ceremonial? Antiquity. 1995;69(264):459–480.

300.
Potts DT. Mesopotamian civilization: the material foundations. London: Athlone Press; 1997.

301.
Schmandt-Besserat D. Record Keeping Before Writing. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 2097–2106.

302.
Steinkeller P. Archival practices at Babylonia in the third millennium. In: Brosius M, editor. Ancient archives and archival traditions: concepts of record-keeping in the ancient world. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 37–58.

303.
Black J, Green A. Gods, demons and symbols of ancient Mesopotamia: an illustrated dictionary. London: British Museum Press; 1992.

304.
Dickson DB. Public transcripts expressed in theatres of cruelty: the royal graves at Ur in Mesopotamia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 2006;16(02).

305.
Delougaz P, Hill HD, Lloyd S. Private houses and graves in the Diyala region. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1967.

306.
Martin HP, Moon J, Postgate JN. Graves 1 to 99. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq; 1985.

307.
Millerman A. Interpreting the royal cemetery of Ur metalwork: a contemporary perspective from the archives of James R. Ogden. Iraq [Internet]. British Institute for the Study of Iraq; 2008;70:1–12. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25608656

308.
Pollock S. Of priestesses, princes and poor relations: the dead in the royal cemetery of Ur. Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 2008;1(02).

309.
Pollock S. Death of a household. In: Laneri N, editor. Performing death: social analyses of funerary traditions in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2007. p. 209–222.

310.
Soeherman N. Death and the netherworld in ancient Mesopotamian thought. Journal of Near and Middle Eastern studies. University of Toronto (NMCSU); 2010;

311.
Zettler RL, Horne L, editors. Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology; 1998.

312.
Crawford HEW. Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.

313.
Crawford H. Architecture in the old Babylonian period. In: Leick G, editor. The Babylonian world [Internet]. New York: Routledge; 2007. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9780203946237/startPage/104

314.
Veenhof KR, editor. Houses and households in ancient Mesopotamia: papers read at the 40e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Leiden, July 5-8, 1993. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul; 1996.

315.
Brusasco P. Theory and practice in the study of Mesopotamian domestic space. Antiquity [Internet]. 2004;78(289):142–157. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/217567588?accountid=14511

316.
Pollock S. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that never was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.

317.
Postgate N. How many Sumerians per hectare? — Probing the anatomy of an early city. Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 2008;4(01).

318.
Crawford HEW. Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.

319.
Mazzoni S. Ebla: crafts and power in an emergent state of third millennium BC Syria. Journal of Mediterranean archaeology [Internet]. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press; 2003;16(2):173–191. Available from: http://www.equinoxpub.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/journals/index.php/JMA/article/view/2788

320.
Roux V. Ceramic standardization and intensity of production: quantifying degrees of specialization. American Antiquity. Society for American Archaeology; 2003;68(4):768–782.

321.
Stein GJ. Producers, patrons and prestige: craft specialists and emergent elite in Mesopotamia from 5500-3100BC. Craft specialization and social evolution: in memory of V Gordon Childe [Internet]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthroplogy; 1996. p. 25–38. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/337173/Producers_Patrons_and_Prestige_Craft_Specialists_and_Emergent_Elites_In_Mesopotamia_From_5500-3100_BC

322.
Stein GJ, Blackman MJ. The organizational context of specialized craft production in early Mesopotamian states. Research in economic anthropology [Internet]. Greenwich, CT: Jai Press; 1993;14:29–59. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/450860/G._Stein_and_M._J._Blackman_1993_._The_Organizational_Context_of_Specialized_Craft_Production_in_Early_Mesopotamian_States._Research_in_Economic_Anthropology_14_29-59

323.
Wengrow D. The evolution of simplicity: aesthetic labour and social change in the Neolithic Near East. World Archaeology. 2001;33(2):168–188.

324.
Wengrow D. Prehistories of Commodity Branding. Current Anthropology. 2008;49(1):7–34.

325.
Carlo Zaccagnini. Patterns of mobility among ancient Near Eastern craftsmen. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. The University of Chicago Press; 1983;42(4):245–264.

326.
Adams RMcC. Heartland of cities : surveys of ancient settlement and land use on the central floodplain of the Euphrates. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1981.

327.
Charles MP. Irrigation in lowland Mesopotamia. Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture. Cambridge: Sumerian Agriculture Group; 1988;(4):1–39.

328.
Hruška B. Agricultural techniques. In: Leick G, editor. The Babylonian world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2007. p. 54–65. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9780203946237/startPage/77

329.
Mario Liverani. Reconstructing the rural landscape of the ancient Near East. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. BRILL; 1996;39(1):1–41.

330.
Potts DT. Mesopotamian civilization: the material foundations. London: Athlone Press; 1997.

331.
T. J. Wilkinson. The structure and dynamics of dry-farming states in Upper Mesopotamia [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology. The University of Chicago Press; 1994;35(5):483–520.

332.
Kamyar Abdi. The early development of pastoralism in the central Zagros Mountains. Journal of World Prehistory. Springer; 2003;17(4):395–448.

333.
Castillo JS. Nomadism through the ages. In: Snell DC, editor. A companion to the ancient Near East [Internet]. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2005. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781405137393/startPage/146

334.
Schwartz GM. Pastoral nomadism in ancient western Asia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 249–258.

335.
Szuchman J, editor. Nomads, tribes, and the state in the ancient Near East : cross-disciplinary perspectives. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2009.

336.
Ur J, Hammer E. Pastoral nomads of the 2nd and 3rd millennia A.D. on the Upper Tigris river, Turkey: the Hirbemerdon Tepe survey. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2009;34(1):37–56.

337.
Whiting R. Amorite tribes and nations of second-millennium western Asia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995.

338.
Zarins J. MAR-TU and the land of Dilmun. In: al-Khalifa A bin K, Rice M, editors. Bahrain through the ages : the history. London: Kegan Paul International; 1986.

339.
Shepperson M. Planning for the sun: urban forms as a Mesopotamian response to the sun. World Archaeology. 2009;41(3):363–378.

340.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

341.
Bryce T. The Hittite Empire. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 722–739.

342.
Pfälzner P. Levantine Kingdoms of the Late Bronze Age. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East Vol 2 [Internet]. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. p. 770–796. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/824

343.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

344.
Wilhelm G. The kingdom of Mitanni in second-millennium Upper Mesopotamia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson; 1995. p. 1243–1254.

345.
Sommerfeld W. The Kassites of ancient Mesopotamia: origins, politics, and culture. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson; 1995. p. 917–930.

346.
Bryce T. The kingdom of the Hittites. New ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.

347.
Kuhrt A. The ancient Near East: c.3000-330 BC. London: Routledge; 1995.

348.
Van de Mieroop M. A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2007.

349.
Beal RH. Hittite military organization. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 545–554.

350.
Beckman GM. Hittite diplomatic texts. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press; 1996.

351.
Beckman GM. Royal ideology and state administration in Hittite Anatolia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 529–543.

352.
Şerifoğlu TE. Between the Hittites and the Mittanians. The Malatya-Elazığ Area During the Late Bronze Age. Ancient Near Eastern studies [Internet]. Louvain: Peeters; 2011;48:126–163. Available from: http://poj.peeters-leuven.be.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content.php?url=article&id=2119589&journal_code=ANES

353.
Oates J. Babylon. Rev. ed. London: Thames and Hudson; 2008.

354.
Potts DT. Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 2006;65(2):111–119.

355.
Fournet A. About the Mitanni-Aryan Gods. The journal of Indo-European studies [Internet]. McLean, VA: Institute for the Study of Man; 2010;38:26–40. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/642020/Journal_of_Indo-European_Studies._2010._About_the_Mitanni_Aryan_gods._1-2_26-40_

356.
Oates et al. D. Excavations at Tell Brak: vol.1: the Mitanni and Old Babylonian periods. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research; 1997.

357.
Pfälzner P. Archaeological Investigations in the royal palace of Qatna. In: Bonacossi DM, editor. Urban and natural landscapes of an ancient Syrian capital: settlement and environment at Tell Mishrifeh/Qatna and in central-western Syria : proceedings of the international conference held in Udine 9-11 December 2004. Udine: Forum; 2007. p. 29–64.

358.
Maidman MP. Nuzi: portrait of an ancient Mesopotamian provincial town. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson; 1995. p. 931–947.

359.
Morrison MA, Owen DI, editors. Studies on the civilization and culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: in honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on his seventy-fifth birthday, April 29, 1981. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 1981.

360.
Eva von Dassow. Archives of Alalah IV in archaeological context. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 2005;(338):1–69.

361.
Von Dassow E. State and society in the late Bronze Age: Alalah under the Mittani Empire. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press; 2008.

362.
C. Zaccagnini. The Merchant at Nuzi. Iraq. British Institute for the Study of Iraq; 1977;39(2):171–189.

363.
Akkermans, PMMG. The fortress of Ili-pada. Middle Assyrian architecture at Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. In: Butterlin et al. P, editor. Les espaces Syro-Mésopotamiens: dimensions de l’expérience humaine au Proche-Orient ancien : volume d’hommage offert à Jean-Claude Margueron [Internet]. Turnhout: Brepols; 2006. p. 201–211. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/564232/The_Fortress_of_Ili-pada._Middle_Assyrian_Architecture_at_Tell_Sabi_Abyad_Syria

364.
Dittmann R. Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta. In: Meyers EM, editor. The Oxford encyclopedia of archaeology in the Near East: vol 3. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997. p. 269–271.

365.
Astour MC. Ugarit and the great powers. In: Young GD, editor. Ugarit in retrospect: 50 years of Ugarit and Ugaritic. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 1981. p. 3–29.

366.
Van Soldt WH. Ugarit: a second-millennium kingdom on the Mediterranean coast. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson; 1995. p. 1255–1266.

367.
Marguerite Yon. Ugarit: the urban habitat : the present state of the archaeological picture. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 1992;(286):19–34.

368.
Yon M. The city of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2006.

369.
Bard KA. An introduction to the archaeology of ancient Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell; 2007.

370.
Kemp BJ. Ancient Egypt: anatomy of a civilization [Internet]. London: Routledge; 1989. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/abstract/9780203468821

371.
Trigger BG. Ancient Egypt : a social history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983.

372.
Higginbotham C. Elite emulation and Egyptian governance in Ramesside Canaan. Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University [Internet]. 1996;1996(2):154–169. Available from: http://www.maneyonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/abs/10.1179/tav.1996.1996.2.154

373.
Frank Kolb. Troy VI: a trading center and commercial city? American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America; 2004;108(4):577–613.

374.
Peter Jablonka. Late Bronze Age Troy: a response to Frank Kolb. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America; 2004;108(4):615–630.

375.
Schäfer-Lichtenberger C. Hazor - a city state between the major powers. Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament. 2001;15(1):104–122.

376.
Bonfil R, Zarzecki-Peleg A. The palace in the upper city of Hazor as an expression of a Syrian architectural paradigm. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 2007;(348):25–47.

377.
Bunimovitz S. On the edge of empires: the Late Bronze Age. In: Levy TE, editor. The archaeology of society in the Holy Land. London: Leicester University Press; 1995. p. 320–331.

378.
Gonen R. Burial patterns and cultural diversity in late Bronze Age Canaan. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 1992.

379.
Ilan D. The dawn of internationalism – the Middle Bronze Age. In: Levy TE, editor. The archaeology of society in the Holy Land. London: Leicester University Press; 1995. p. 217–319.

380.
Maeir AM. The political and economic status of MB II Hazor and MB II Trade: An inter- and intra-regional view. Palestine exploration quarterly [Internet]. London: Palestine Exploration Fund; 2000;132:37–58. Available from: http://www.maneyonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/abs/10.1179/peq.2000.132.1.37

381.
Na’aman N. Habiru and Hebrews: the transfer of a social term to the literary sphere. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. The University of Chicago Press; 1986;45(4):271–288.

382.
Tubb JN. Canaanites. London: British Museum; 1998.

383.
Yigael Yadin. The rise and fall of Hazor. Archaeology [Internet]. Archaeological Institute of America; 1957;10(2):83–92. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/41663459

384.
Yadin Y. Hazor: the rediscovery of a great citadel of the Bible. Jerusalem: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; 1974.

385.
Zuckerman S. ’Slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine’ : feasting in late Bronze Age Hazor. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2007;139(3):186–204.

386.
Zuckerman S. Anatomy of a destruction: crisis architecture, termination rituals and the fall of Canaanite Hazor. Journal of Mediterranean archaeology [Internet]. 2007;20(1):3–32. Available from: http://www.equinoxpub.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/journals/index.php/JMA/article/view/3756

387.
Bryce T. The Trojans and their neighbours. London: Routledge; 2006.

388.
Hertel D, Kolb F. Troy in clearer perspective. Anatolian Studies. British Institute at Ankara; 2003;53:71–88.

389.
Jansen HG. Troy: legend and reality. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson; 1995. p. 1121–1134.

390.
Strauss B. Why Is Troy still burning? Historically Speaking. 2006;8(1):18–20.

391.
Brentjes B. The history of Elam and Achaemenid Persia: an overview. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson; 1995. p. 1001–1021.

392.
Kuhrt A. The ancient Near East: c.3000-330 BC. London: Routledge; 1995.

393.
Potts DT. The archaeology of Elam: formation and transformation of an ancient Iranian state [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://shib-idp.ucl.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780511323300

394.
Vallat F. Susa and Susiana in second-millennium Iran. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson; 1995. p. 1023–1033.

395.
Van de Mieroop M. A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2007.

396.
Bauer AA. Cities of the sea: maritime trade and the origin of Philistine settlement in the early iron age southern Levant. Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 1998;17(2):149–168.

397.
Hikade T. Egypt and the Near East. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 833–850.

398.
A. Bernard Knapp. Thalassocracies in bronze age eastern Mediterranean trade: making and breaking a myth. World Archaeology. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 1993;24(3):332–347.

399.
Liverani M. The collapse of the Near Eastern regional system at the end of the Bronze Age: the case of Syria. In: Rowlands M, Larsen M, Kristiansen K, editors. Centre and periphery in the ancient world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1987. p. 66–73.

400.
Cohen R, Westbrook R. Introduction: the Amarna System. In: Cohen R, Westbrook R, editors. Amarna diplomacy : the beginnings of international relations. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000.

401.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

402.
Beckman G. International law in the second millennium: Late Bronze Age. In: Westbrook R, editor. A history of ancient Near Eastern law [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2003. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9789047402091/startPage/773

403.
Burgener MJ. Thutmose III and the battle of Megiddo: a new approach to analyzing the archaeological and historical sources. Journal of Near and Middle Eastern studies. 2010.

404.
Cline EH. "Contested peripheries” in world systems theory: Megiddo and the Jezreel valley as a test case. Journal of world-systems research. 2000;VI(1):7–16.

405.
Cohen R, Westbrook R, editors. Amarna diplomacy: the beginnings of international relations. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Univeristy Press; 2000.

406.
Feldman MH. Diplomacy by design: luxury arts and an ‘international style’ in the ancient Near East, 1400-1200 BCE. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2006.

407.
Giles FJ. The Amarna age: western Asia. Warminster, Wilts: Aris and Phillips; 1997.

408.
Yuval Goren. Petrographic investigation of the Amarna tablets. Near Eastern Archaeology. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 2002;65(3):196–205.

409.
Yuval Goren et al. The location of Alashiya: new evidence from petrographic investigation of Alashiyan tablets from El-Amarna and Ugarit. American Journal of Archaeology [Internet]. Archaeological Institute of America; 2003;107(2):233–255. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40026076

410.
Liverani M. Prestige and interest: international relations in the Near East ca. 1600-1100 B.C. Padova: Sargon; 1990.

411.
Moran WL, editor. The Amarna letters [The Tell Amarna tablets]. English-language ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1992.

412.
Mynářová J, editor. Egypt and the Near East - the crossroads: proceedings of an international conference on the relations of Egypt and the Near East in the Bronze Age, Prague, September 1-3, 2010. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology; 2011.

413.
Pritchard JB, editor. Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Old Testament. 3rd ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1969.

414.
Westbrook R. International Law in the Amarna Age. In: Cohen R, Westbrook R, editors. Amarna diplomacy: the beginnings of international relations. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Univeristy Press; 2000. p. 28–41.

415.
Budd P. Oxhide ingots, recycling and the Mediterranean metals trade. Journal of Mediterranean archaeology. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press; 1995;8(1):1–32.

416.
Pulak C. The Uluburun shipwreck: an overview. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology [Internet]. 1998;27(3):188–224. Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/S1057241498800319/1-s2.0-S1057241498800319-main.pdf?_tid=174a0316-029d-11e4-9cb4-00000aacb360&acdnat=1404383625_474ffbc667fc3a993280378300cf3266

417.
Wachsmann S. Seagoing ships and seamanship in the bronze age Levant. College Station: Texas A & M Press; 1998.

418.
Zaccagnini C. Aspects of ceremonial exchange in the Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC. In: Rowlands M, Larsen M, Kristiansen K, editors. Centre and periphery in the ancient world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1987. p. 57–65.

419.
Kohl P. The ancient economy, transferable technologies and the Bronze Age world-system: a view from the northeastern frontier of the ancient Near East. In: Rowlands M, Larsen M, Kristiansen K, editors. Centre and periphery in the ancient world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1987.

420.
Moorey PRS. The emergence of the light, horse‐drawn chariot in the Near‐East c. 2000–1500 B.C. World Archaeology. 1986;18(2):196–215.

421.
Politis T. Gold and granulation: exploring the social implications of a prestige technology in the Bronze Age Mediterranean. In: Shortland AJ, editor. The social context of technological change: Egypt and the Near East, 1650-1550 BC : proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, 12-14 September 2000. Oxford: Oxbow; 2001. p. 161–194.

422.
Sherratt S. The Mediterranean economy: globalization at the end of the second millennium B.C.E. In: Dever WG, Gitin S, editors. Symbiosis, symbolism, and the power of the past: Canaan, ancient Israel, and their neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina ; proceedings of the Centennial Symposium, WF Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and American Schools of Oriental Research, Jerusalem, May 29/31, 2000. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2003. p. 37–62.

423.
Shortland AJ. Social influences on the development and spread of glass. In: Shortland AJ, editor. The social context of technological change: Egypt and the Near East, 1650-1550 BC : proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, 12-14 September 2000. Oxford: Oxbow; 2001. p. 211–222.

424.
Carlo Zaccagnini. Patterns of mobility among ancient Near Eastern craftsmen. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. The University of Chicago Press; 1983;42(4):245–264.

425.
Artzy M. Nomads of the sea. In: Swiny S, Hohlfelder RL, Swiny HW, editors. Res maritimae: Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean from prehistory to late antiquity : proceedings of the Second International Symposium ‘Cities on the Sea’, Nicosia, Cyprus, October 18-22, 1994. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press; 1997. p. 1–16.

426.
Bachhuber C, Roberts RG, editors. Forces of transformation: the end of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean : proceedings of an international symposium held at St. John’s College, University of Oxford 25-6th March 2006. Oxford: Oxbow; 2009.

427.
Tristan J. Barako. The Philistine settlement as mercantile phenomenon? American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America; 2000;104(3):513–530.

428.
Bikai PM. The Phoenicians. In: Ward WA, Joukowsky MSharp, editors. The Crisis years: the 12th century BC from beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt; 1992. p. 132–141.

429.
Oren ED, editor. The sea peoples and their world: a reassessment. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania; 2000.

430.
Singer I. The origin of the sea peoples and their settlement on the coast of Canaan. In: Heltzer M, Lipiński E, editors. Society and economy in the eastern Mediterranean, c 1500-1000 BC: proceedings of the international symposium held at the University of Haifa from the 28th of April to the 2nd of May, 1985. Leuven: Peeters; 1988. p. 239–250.

431.
Stager LE. The impact of the sea peoples in Canaan (1185-1050 BCE). In: Levy TE, editor. The archaeology of society in the holy land. London: Leicester University Press; 1995. p. 332–348.

432.
Strange J. The Philistine city-states. In: Hansen MH, editor. A comparative study of thirty city-state cultures: an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters; 2000. p. 129–139.

433.
Voskos I, Knapp AB. Cyprus at the end of the late bronze age: crisis and colonization or continuity and hybridization? American Journal of Archaeology [Internet]. Archaeological Institute of America; 2008;112(4):659–684. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20627514

434.
Wachsmann S. Were the Sea Peoples Mycenaeans? The evidence of ship iconography. In: Swiny S, Hohlfelder RL, Swiny HW, editors. Res maritimae: Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean from prehistory to late antiquity : proceedings of the Second International Symposium ‘Cities on the Sea’, Nicosia, Cyprus, October 18-22, 1994. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press; 1997. p. 339–356.

435.
Postgate JN. The land of assur and the yoke of assur. World Archaeology. 1992;23(3):247–263.

436.
Radner K. Royal decision-making: kings, magnates and scholars. Radner K, Robson E, editors. The Oxford handbook of cuneiform culture [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011; Available from: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557301.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199557301-e-17

437.
Altaweel M. The imperial landscape of Ashur: settlement and land use in the Assyrian heartland. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag; 2008.

438.
Collins P. Assyrian palace sculptures. Austin: University of Texas Press; 2009.

439.
Curtis JE, Reade JE, editors. Art and empire : treasures from Assyria in the British Museum. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; 1995.

440.
Curtis JE, editor. New light on Nimrud: proceedings of the Nimrud conference, 11th-13th March 2002. [London]: British Institute for the Study of Iraq in association with the British Museum; 2008.

441.
Eichmann R, Schaudig H, Hausleiter A. Archaeology and epigraphy at Tayma (Saudi Arabia). Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy [Internet]. 2006;17(2):163–176. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0471.2006.00269.x/abstract

442.
Finkel IL, Seymour MJ, editors. Babylon: myth and reality. London: British Museum; 2008.

443.
Glassner JJ. Mesopotamian chronicles [Internet]. Boston: Brill; 2004. Available from: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb07784

444.
Grayson AK. Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; 2000.

445.
Kuhrt A. The ancient Near East: c.3000-330 BC. London: Routledge; 1995.

446.
Kuhrt A. The palace(s) of Babylon. In: Nielsen I, editor. The royal palace institution in the first millennium BC: regional development and cultural interchange between East and West. Åarhus: distributed by Åarhus University Press; 2001. p. 77–94.

447.
Eric M. Meyers, American Schools of Oriental Research. The Oxford encyclopedia of archaeology in the Near East. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997.

448.
Oates J. Babylon. Rev. ed. London: Thames and Hudson; 2008.

449.
Oates J, Oates D. Nimrud: an Assyrian imperial city revealed. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq; 2001.

450.
Parpola S, Whiting RM, editors. Assyria 1995 : proceedings of the 10th Anniversary Symposium of the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Helsinki, September 7-11, 1995. Helsinki: The Project; 1997.

451.
Postgate JN, Reade JE. Kalhu. Reallexikon der Assyriologie Vol 5. Berlin: W. de Gruyter & Co; 1977. p. 303–323.

452.
Radner K. Traders in the Neo-Assyrian period. In: Dercksen JG, editor. Trade and finance in ancient Mesopotamia: proceedings of the first MOS Symposium (Leiden 1997). Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te İstanbul; 1999. p. 101–126.

453.
Wilkinson TJ, Wilkinson EB, Ur J. Landscape and Settlement in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research; November 2005, Issue 340, p23-56, 34p [Internet]. 2005;(340):23–56. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=505166225&site=ehost-live

454.
Assyrian empire builders - Governors, diplomats and soldiers in the service of Sargon II and Tiglath-pileser III, kings of Assyria [Internet]. University College London; Available from: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sargon/

455.
Knowledge and Power - Knowledge and Power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire [Internet]. Available from: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/knpp/

456.
State Archives of Assyria Online (SAAo) [Internet]. University of Pennsylvania; Available from: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/

457.
Jursa M. The transition of Babylonia from the neo-Babylonian empire to Achaemenid rule. In: Crawford H, editor. Regime change in the ancient Near East and Egypt : from Sargon of Agade to Saddam Hussein. Oxford: Oxford University Press for The British Academy; 2007.

458.
Kuhrt A. The Achaemenid Persian empire (c.550-c.330 BCE): continuities, adaptations, transformations. In: Alcock SE, editor. Empires: perspectives from archaeology and history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001. p. 93–124.

459.
Kuhrt A. Cyrus the Great of Persia: images and realities. In: Heinz M, Feldman MH, editors. Representations of political power : case histories from times of change and dissolving order in the ancient Near East. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns; 2007.

460.
Marc van de Mieroop. Reading Babylon. American Journal of Archaeology [Internet]. Archaeological Institute of America; 2003;107(2):257–275. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/40026077

461.
Allen L. The Persian Empire: a history. London: British Museum Press; 2005.

462.
Boucharlat R. The palace and the royal Achaemenid city: two case-studies: Pasargade and Susa. Nielsen I, editor. The royal palace institution in the first millennium BC : regional development and cultural interchange between East and West. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press; 2001;

463.
Briant P. The Achaemenid empire. In: Raaflaub K, Rosenstein N, editors. War and society in the ancient and medieval worlds: Asia, the Mediterranean, Europe, and Mesoamerica [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: Center for Hellenic Studies; 1999. Available from: https://archive.org/details/TheAchaemenidEmpire

464.
Briant P. From Cyrus to Alexander: a history of the Persian empire. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns; 2002.

465.
Curtis J, Tallis N. Forgotten empire: the world of ancient Persia. London: British Museum; 2005.

466.
Delemen İ, editor. The Achaemenid impact on local populations and cultures in Anatolia (Sixth-Fourth Centuries B.C.) : papers presented at the International Workshop Istanbul 20-21 May 2005. Istanbul: Turkish Institute of Archaeology; 2007.

467.
Harrison T. Writing Ancient Persia. London: Bristol Classical Press; 2011.

468.
Kuhrt A. The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid imperial policy. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. 1983;8(25):83–97.

469.
Kuhrt A. The problem of Achaemenid ‘religious policy’. In: Groneberg B, Spieckermann H, editors. Die Welt der Götterbilder [Internet]. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter; 2007. Available from: https://archive.org/details/TheProblemOfAchaemenidReligiousPolicy

470.
Kuhrt A. The Persian Empire. London: Routledge; 2007.

471.
Ruzicka S. Trouble in the west: Egypt and the Persian Empire, 525-332 BC. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012.

472.
Sumner WM. Achaemenid settlement in the Persepolis plain. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America; 1986;90(1):3–31.

473.
Tuplin C, editor. Persian responses : political and cultural interaction with(in) the Achaemenid Empire. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales; 2007.

474.
Encyclopædia Iranica [Internet]. Available from: http://www.iranicaonline.org/

475.
Achemenet [Internet]. Available from: http://www.achemenet.com/

476.
Akkermans PMMG, Schwartz GM. Iron age Syria. The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c 16,000-300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003. p. 360–397.

477.
Alexander H. Joffe. The rise of secondary states in the Iron Age Levant. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. BRILL; 2002;45(4):425–467.

478.
Sherratt S, Sherratt A. The growth of the Mediterranean economy in the early first millennium BC. World Archaeology. 1993;24(3):361–378.

479.
T. J. Wilkinson. Archaeological landscapes of the Near East. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press; 2003.

480.
Fletcher RN. Opening the Mediterranean: Assyria, the Levant and the transformation of Early Iron Age trade. Antiquity [Internet]. 2012;86(331):211–220. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=73919063&site=ehost-live&scope=site

481.
Kuhrt A. The ancient Near East: c.3000-330 BC. London: Routledge; 1995.

482.
Roaf M. Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File; 1990.

483.
Van de Mieroop M. A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2007.

484.
Bryce TR. The Lycian kingdom in southwest Anatolia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 1161–1172.

485.
Greenewalt CHJr. Croesus of Sardis and the Lydian kingdom of Anatolia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 1173–1183.

486.
Gunter AC. Neo-Hittite and Phrygian kingdoms of north Syria and Anatolia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 797–815. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/851

487.
Hawkins JD. Karkamish and Karatepe: Neo-Hittite city-states in north Syria. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 1295–1307.

488.
Kealhofer L, editor. The archaeology of Midas and the Phrygians: recent work at Gordion. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology; 2005.

489.
Oscar White Muscarella. The Iron Age background to the formation of the Phrygian state. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 1995;(299):91–101.

490.
Roosevelt CH. The archaeology of Lydia, from Gyges to Alexander. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2009.

491.
Roosevelt CH. Iron age western Anatolia: the Lydian empire and dynastic Lycia. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 896–913. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/950

492.
Sagona A, Zimansky P. Ancient Turkey. London: Routledge; 2009.

493.
Thuesen I. The neo-Hittite city-states. In: Hansen MH, editor. A comparative study of six city-state cultures: an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters; 2002. p. 43–55.

494.
Robert D. Ballard et al. Iron Age shipwrecks in deep water off Ashkelon, Israel. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America; 2002;106(2):151–168.

495.
Finkelstein I, Ussishkin D. Archaeological and historical conclusions. In: Finkelstein et al. I, editor. Megiddo III : the 1992-1996 seasons. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University; 2000.

496.
Holladay JS. The kingdoms of Israel and Judah: political and economic centralization in the Iron IIA-B (ca. 1000 – 750 BCE). In: Levy TE, editor. The archaeology of society in the Holy Land. London: Leicester University Press; 1995. p. 368–398.

497.
Isserlin BSJ. The Israelites. London: Thames and Hudson; 1998.

498.
Laughlin JCH. Fifty major cities of the Bible: from Dan to Beersheba. London: Routledge; 2006.

499.
Markoe G, British Museum. Phoenicians. London: British Museum Press; 2000.

500.
Daniel M. Master. State formation theory and the Kingdom of Ancient Israel. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. The University of Chicago Press; 2001;60(2):117–131.

501.
Hayes JH, Miller JM, editors. Israelite and Judaean history. London: SCM Press; 1977.

502.
Robert D. Miller, II. Identifying earliest Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 2004;(333):55–68.

503.
Lipiński E. The Phoenicians. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 1321–1333.

504.
Liverani M. Israel’s history and the history of Israel. London: Equinox; 2005.

505.
Peersmann J. Assyrian Magiddu: the town planning of stratum III. Megiddo III: the 1992-1996 seasons. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University; 2000. p. 524–534.

506.
Stern E, editor. The new encyclopedia of archaeological excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Carta; 1992.

507.
Strange J. The Philistine city-states. In: Hansen MH, editor. A comparative study of thirty city-state cultures: an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters; 2000. p. 129–139.

508.
Younker RW. The Iron Age in the southern Levant. In: Richard S, editor. Near Eastern archaeology: a reader. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2003. p. 367–382.

509.
Porter BW. Authority, polity, and tenuous elites in Iron Age Edom (Jordan). Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 2004;23(4):373–395.

510.
Israel Finkelstein. Hazor and the north in the Iron Age: a low chronology perspective. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research [Internet]. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 1999;(314):55–70. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.2307/1357451?origin=crossref&

511.
Finkelstein I. Archaeology, Bible and the history of the Levant. In: Pollock S, Bernbeck R, editors. Archaeologies of the Middle East : critical perspectives. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2005.

512.
Ayvazian A. The Urartian Empire. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 877–895. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/931

513.
Burney C. The Kingdom of Urartu (Van): Investigations into the archaeology of the early first millennium BC within eastern Anatolia (1956-1965). In: Matthews R, editor. Ancient Anatolia: fifty years’ work by the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara; 1998. p. 143–162.

514.
Zimansky PE. The kingdom of Urartu in eastern Anatolia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 1135–1146.

515.
Zimansky PE. Ecology and empire: the structure of the Urartian state. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute; 1985.

516.
Paul Zimansky. Urartian material culture as state assemblage: an anomaly in the archaeology of empire. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 1995;(299):103–115.

517.
Dion PE. Aramaean tribes and nations of first-millennium western Asia. In: Sasson JM, editor. Civilizations of the ancient Near East. New York: Scribner; 1995. p. 1281–1294.

518.
Kuhne H. Interaction of Aramaeans and Assyrians on the Lower Khabur. Syria: revue d’art oriental et d’archéologie. Beirut.: Presses de l’Ifpo; 2009;86:43–54.

519.
Morrison K. Sources, approaches, definitions. In: Alcock et al. SE, editor. Empires: perspectives from archaeology and history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/606329/Sources_Approaches_Definitions

520.
Eisenstadt SN. The political systems of empires. New York: Free Press; 1969.

521.
Larsen MT. The tradition of empire in Mesopotamia. In: Larsen MT, editor. Power and propaganda : a symposium on ancient empires. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag; 1979.

522.
Sinopoli CM. The archaeology of empires. Annual review of Anthropology [Internet]. 1994;23. Available from: http://www.annualreviews.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.001111

523.
Wilkinson TJ, Wilkinson EB, Ur J. Landscape and Settlement in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research; November 2005, Issue 340, p23-56, 34p [Internet]. 2005;(340):23–56. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=505166225&site=ehost-live

524.
Gitin S. The Neo-Assyrian empire and its western periphery: the Levant, with a focus on Philistine Ekron. In: Parpola S, Whiting RM, editors. Assyria 1995 : proceedings of the 10th Anniversary Symposium of the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Helsinki, September 7-11, 1995. Helsinki: The Project; 1997.

525.
Joannés F. The age of empires : Mesopotamia in the first millennium BC. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2004.

526.
Liverani M. The influence of political institutions on trade in the ancient Near East (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age). In: Zaccagnini C, editor. Mercanti e politica nel mondo antico. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider; 2003.

527.
Bradley J. Parker. Archaeological manifestations of empire: Assyria’s imprint on southeastern Anatolia. American Journal of Archaeology [Internet]. Archaeological Institute of America; 2003;107(4):525–557. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/40024322

528.
Postgate JN. The land of assur and the yoke of assur. World Archaeology. 1992;23(3):247–263.

529.
Price S. The History of the Hellenistic Period. In: Boardman J, Griffin J, Murray O, editors. The Oxford history of Greece and the Hellenistic world [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9780191647307/startPage/381

530.
Lloyd AB. The Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BC). In: Shaw I, editor. The Oxford history of Ancient Egypt [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9780191590597/startPage/413

531.
Empereur JY. Alexandria rediscovered. London: British Museum Press; 1998.

532.
Musti D. Syria and the East. In: Walbank et al. FW, editor. The Cambridge ancient history: Vol7, Part 1: the Hellenistic world [Internet]. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1984. p. 175–220. Available from: http://universitypublishingonline.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/cambridge/histories/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9781139054348&cid=CBO9781139054348A012

533.
Grainger JD. The cities of Seleukid Syria. Oxford: Clarendon; 1990.

534.
Bickerman E. The Seleucid period. In: Yarshater E, editor. The Cambridge history of Iran Vol 31 [Internet]. London: Cambridge University Press; 1983. p. 1–20. Available from: http://universitypublishingonline.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/cambridge/histories/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9781139054942&cid=CBO9781139054942A006

535.
Bivar ADH. Gondophares and the Indo-Parthians. In: Curtis VS, Stewart S, editors. The age of the Parthians [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2007. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9786000009243/startPage/36

536.
Holt FL. Thundering Zeus: the making of Hellenistic Bactria. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press; 1999.

537.
Kuhrt A, Sherwin-White SM, editors. Hellenism in the East: the interaction of Greek and non-Greek civilizations from Syria to Central Asia after Alexander. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1987.

538.
Rapin C. Greeks in Afghanistan: Aï Khanum. In: Descoeudres JP, editor. Greek colonists and native populations: proceedings of the First Australian Congress of Classical Archaeology held in honour of emeritus professor AD Trendall, Sydney, 9-14 July 1985. Canberra: Humanities Research Centre; 1990. p. 329–342.

539.
Stockton D. The Founding of the Empire. In: Boardman J, Griffin J, Murray O, editors. The Oxford illustrated history of the Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001. p. 121–149.

540.
Butcher K. Roman Syria and the Near East. [London]: British Museum Press; 2003.

541.
Fisher-Genz B. Roman rule in the near east. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 1021–1040. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/1075

542.
Peacock D. The Roman Period (30 BC–AD 311). In: Shaw I, editor. The Oxford history of Ancient Egypt [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9780191590597/startPage/439

543.
Bivar ADH. The political history of Iran under the Arsacids. In: Yarshater E, editor. The Cambridge history of Iran: vol 31 :the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian periods [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983. p. 21–99. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521200929

544.
Curtis VS, Stewart S, editors. The age of the Parthians [Internet]. London: I. B. Tauris; 2007. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9786000009243

545.
Hopkins C. The discovery of Dura Europos. London: Yale University Press; 1979.

546.
Millar F. The Euphrates and Mesopotamia. The Roman Near East, 31 BC-AD 337 [Internet]. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; 1993. Available from: http://quod.lib.umich.edu.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=acls;cc=acls;rgn=full%20text;idno=heb01455.0001.001;didno=heb01455.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000471;node=heb01455.0001.001%3A15

547.
Sidebotham SE. The Red Sea and Indian Ocean in the age of the great empires. In: Potts DT, editor. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 1041–1059. Available from: https://www-dawsonera-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/readonline/9781444360769/startPage/1095

548.
Tomber R. Indo-Roman trade: from pots to pepper. London: Duckworth; 2008.

Bibliography for UCLQG111: Archaeology of the pre-Islamic Middle East BETA