Bibliography for ARCL1009: Introduction to Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology

A. Bernard Knapp. ‘Bronze Age Mediterranean Island Cultures and the Ancient Near East’. The Biblical Archaeologist 55.2 (1992): 52–72. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3210346>.

---. ‘Bronze Age Mediterranean Island Cultures and the Ancient Near East’. The Biblical Archaeologist 55.3 (1992): 112–128. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3210291>.

Adams, R. ‘An Interdisciplinary Overview of a Mesopotamian City and Its Hinterlands’. Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 1 (2008): n. pag. Web. <http://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj/2008/cdlj2008_001.html>.

---. ‘Ancient Mesopotamian Urbanism and Blurred Disciplinary Boundaries’. Annual Review of Anthropology 14.1 (2012): 1–20. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/23270695>.

Adams, William Yewdale. Nubia, Corridor to Africa. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1977. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.09247>.

Adams, William Yewdale, and Nettie K. Adams. Qasr Ibrim: The Earlier Medieval Period. Excavation memoir. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 2010. Print.

‘Agypten Und Levante’. 22/23 (1AD): n. pag. Web. <https://www.swetswise.com/swoc-web/linkingDetails.html?openURL=false&issn=1015-5104&eissn=1015-5104>.

Alexander H. Joffe. ‘The Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 45.4 (2002): 425–467. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3632872>.

Alice Stevenson. ‘Predynastic Burials’. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2009): n. pag. Web. <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m3463b2>.

Allen, James P., and Peter Der Manuelian. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. Writings from the ancient world. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.07786>.

Alvar Ezquerra, Jaime, Jaime Alvar Ezquerra, and R. L. Gordon. Romanising Oriental Gods: Myth, Salvation and Ethics in the Cults of Cybele, Isis and Mithras. Religions in the Graeco-Roman world. Leiden: Brill, 2008. Print.

Andah, Bassey. The Archaeology of Africa. Routledge, 2014. Web. <https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203754245>.

Andelkovic, B. ‘Factors of State Formation in Protodynastic Egypt’. Egypt at Its Origins 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origin of the State : Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, London, 27th July-1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2011. 1219–1228. Print.

---. ‘Models of State Formation in Predynastic Egypt’. Archaeology of Early Northeastern Africa: In Memory of Lech Krzyżaniak. Studies in African archeology. Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum, 2006. 593–609. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=637971f8-8954-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Andre Gunder Frank, Guillermo Algaze, J. A. Barceló, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Christopher Edens, Jonathan Friedman, Antonio Gilman, Chris Gosden, A. F. Harding, Alexander H. Joffe, A. Bernard Knapp, Philip L. Kohl, Kristian Kristiansen, C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, J. R. McNeill, J. D. Muhly, Andrew Sherratt and Susan Sherratt. ‘Bronze Age World System Cycles [and Comments and Reply]’. Current Anthropology 34.4 (1993): 383–429. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743750>.

Anna Stevens. ‘The Material Evidence for Domestic Religion at Amarna and Preliminary Remarks on Its Interpretation’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 89 (2003): 143–168. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3822495>.

Archéo-Nil (Organization). ‘Archéo-Nil: Revue de La Société Pour l’étude Des Cultures Prépharaoniques de La Vallée Du Nil’. n. pag. Web. <http://www.archeonil.fr/summaries.html>.

---. ‘Archéo-Nil: Revue de La Société Pour l’étude Des Cultures Prépharaoniques de La Vallée Du Nil’. n. pag. Web. <http://www.archeonil.fr/summaries.html>.

Aruz, Joan, Ronald Wallenfels, and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003. Print.

---. Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003. Print.

Ashton, Sally-Ann. Roman Egyptomania. London: Golden House, 2004. Print.

Assmann, J. ‘State and Religion in the New Kingdom’. Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt. Yale Egyptological studies. New Haven, Conn: Yale Egyptological Seminar, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, the Graduate School, Yale University, 1989. 55–88. Print.

Assmann, Jan. Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2005. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z5qf>.

---. Egyptian Solar Religion in the New Kingdom: Re, Amun and the Crisis of Polytheism. Studies in Egyptology. London: Kegan Paul International, 1995. Print.

---. Of God and Gods: Egypt, Israel, and the Rise of Monotheism. George L. Mosse series in modern European cultural and intellectual history. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008. Print.

---. The Search for God in Ancient Egypt. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001. Print.

Atalay, Sonya, and Christine A. Hastorf. ‘Food, Meals, and Daily Activities: Food Habitus at Neolithic Çatalhöyük’. American Antiquity 71.2 (2006): 283–319. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40035906>.

Atiya, Aziz Suryal. The Coptic Encyclopedia. New York: Macmillan, 1991. Print.

Atzler, M. ‘Some Remarks on Interrelating Environmental Changes and Ecological, Socio-Economic Problems in the Development of the Early Egyptian Innundation Culture’. Archéo-Nil 5 (1995): 7–65. Web. <http://www.archeonil.fr/revue/AN05-1995-Atzler.pdf>.

Aufrecht, Walter Emanuel, Neil A. Mirau, and Steven W. Gauley. Urbanism in Antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete. Journal for the study of the Old Testament. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. Print.

Baer, Klaus. Rank and Title in the Old Kingdom: The Structure of the Egyptian Administration in the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties. [Chicago]: University of Chicago Press, 1960. Print.

Bagnall, Roger S. Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300-700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.

Bagnall, Roger S., and Dominic Rathbone. Egypt: From Alexander to the Copts ; an Archaeological and Historical Guide. London: British Museum, 2004. Print.

Baines, J. ‘Origins of Egyptian Kingship’. Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995. 95–156. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=55f3bbe2-2f5d-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. ‘Palaces and Temples of Ancient Egypt’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. 303–317. Print.

---. ‘Palaces and Temples of Ancient Egypt’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson, 2000. 303–318. Print.

---. ‘Temples as Symbols, Guarantors and Participants in Egyptian Civilization’. The Temple in Ancient Egypt: New Discoveries and Recent Research. London: British Museum Press, 1997. 216–241. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2f90444e-6336-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Baines, J., and P. Lacovara. ‘Burial and the Dead in Ancient Egyptian Society: Respect, Formalism, Neglect’. Journal of Social Archaeology 2.1 (2002): 5–36. Web.

Baines, J., and N. Yoffee. ‘Order, Legitimacy and Wealth in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia’. Archaic States. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Santa Fe, N.M: School of American Research Press, 1998. 199–260. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=feb997d3-7636-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Baines, John and Málek, Jaromír. Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt. Rev. ed. New York: Checkmark Books, 2000. Print.

Barbara Bell. ‘Climate and the History of Egypt: The Middle Kingdom’. American Journal of Archaeology 79.3 (1975): 223–269. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/503481>.

Bard, Kathryn A. From Farmers to Pharaohs: Mortuary Evidence for the Rise of Complex Society in Egypt. Monographs in Mediterranean archaeology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994. Print.

---. Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781118896037>.

---. Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781118896037>.

---. Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781118896037>.

---. Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781118896037>.

Bard, Kathryn A. Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781118896037>.

---. Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781118896037>.

Bard, Kathryn A. and Shubert, Steven Blake. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London: Routledge, 1999. Print.

Barry J. Kemp. ‘The Amarna Workmen’s Village in Retrospect’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 73 (1987): 21–50. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3821519>.

---. ‘The City of El-Amarna as a Source for the Study of Urban Society in Ancient Egypt’. World Archaeology 9.2 (1977): 123–139. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/124260>.

Bárta, Miroslav and Český egyptologický ústav. The Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology: Proceedings of the Conference Held in Prague, May 31-June 4, 2004. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, 2006. Print.

Bartl, Karin, Stefan R. Hauser, and Freie Universität Berlin. Continuity and Change in Northern Mesopotamia from the Hellenistic to the Early Islamic Period: Proceedings of a Colloquium Held at the Seminar Für Vorderasiatische Altertumskunde, Freie Universität Berlin, 6th - 9th April, 1994. Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient. Berlin: Reimer, 1996. Print.

Bar-Yosef, O., and R. H. Meadow. ‘The Origins of Agriculture in the Near East’. Last Hunters, First Farmers: New Perspectives on the Prehistoric Transition to Agriculture. 1st ed. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Santa Fe, N.M: School of American Research Press, 1995. 39–94. Print.

Bedford, P. R. ‘The Neo-Assyrian Empire’. The Dynamics of Ancient Empires: State Power from Assyria to Byzantium. Oxford studies in early empires. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 30–65. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0b73a985-4c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Behlmer, H. ‘Ancient Egyptian Survivals in Coptic Literature’. Ancient Egyptian Literature: History and Forms. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. 567–590. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b9f1921b-6a5f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Berkey, Jonathan Porter. The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800. Themes in Islamic history. Cambridge [U.K.]: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.08967>.

Bernal, Martin. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, Vol. 3: The Linguistic Evidence. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2006. Print.

---. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, Vol.1: The Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985. London: Vintage, 1991. Print.

---. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, Vol.2: The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1996. Print.

---. Black Athena Writes Back. Ed. David Chioni Moore. Duke University Press, 2001. Web. <http://read.dukeupress.edu/lookup/doi/10.1215/9780822380078>.

Bietak, M. ‘Urban Archaeology and the “town Problem” in Ancient Egypt’. Egyptology and the Social Sciences: Five Studies. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1979. 97–144. Print.

Bietak, Manfred. Avaris: The Capital at the Hyksos ; Recent Excavations at Tell El-Daba. Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation distinguished lecture in Egyptology. London: Published by British Museum Press for the Trustees of the British Museum, 1996. Print.

---. Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt: Papers from a Workshop in November 2006 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2010. Print.

---. Haus Und Palast Im Alten Ägypten: House and Palace in Ancient Egypt. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1996. Print.

Bietak, Manfred, Ernst Czerny, and SCIEM 2000 (Program). The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C.: II: Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000--EuroConference Haindorf, 2nd of May-7th of May 2001. Contributions to the chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003. Print.

Bietak, Manfred and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Trade, Power and Cultural Exchange: Hyksos Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World 1800-1500 B.C.: An International Symposium, Wednesday, November 3, 1993. Ägypten und Levante = Egypt and the. Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1995. Print.

Bietak, Manfred and SCIEM 2000 (Program). The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C.: Proceedings of an International Symposium at Schloß Haindorf, 15th-17th of November 1996 and at the Austrian Academy, Vienna, 11th-12th of May 1998. Contributions to the chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean. Wien: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2000. Print.

Binsbergen, Wim M. J. van. Black Athena Comes of Age: [Towards a Constructive Re-Assessment]. Berlin: Lit, 2011. Print.

Bradley, James Parker and Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. The Mechanics of Empire: The Northern Frontier of Assyria as a Case Study in Imperial Dynamics. Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2001. Print.

Breasted, James Henry. Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest. Ancient records. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; [etc., etc.], 1906. Web. <http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp12727>.

Brewer, Douglas J. The Archaeology of Ancient Egypt: Beyond Pharaohs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Print.

Brian Schmidt. ‘Near Eastern Archaeology’. 63.4 n. pag. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/i361134>.

Bricault, Laurent, M. J. Versluys, Michel Malaise, et al. Isis on the Nile: Egyptian Gods in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt : Proceedings of the IVth International Conference of Isis Studies, Liège, November 27-29 2008 : Michel Malaise in Honorem. Religions in the Graeco-Roman world. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Print.

Bricault, Laurent, M. J. Versluys, P. G. P. Meyboom, et al. Nile into Tiber: Egypt in the Roman World ; Proceedings of the IIIrd International Conference of Isis Studies, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, May 11-14, 2005. Religions in the Graeco-Roman world. Leiden: Brill, 2007. Print.

Brink, Edwin C. M. van den and Levy, Thomas Evan. Egypt and the Levant: Interrelations from the 4th through the Early 3rd Millennium BCE. New approaches to anthropological archaeology. London: Leicester University Press, 2002. Print.

Britton, J. P. ‘Calendars, Inter-Calculations and Year-Lengths in Mesopotamian Astronomy’. Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient Near East. Oxford: Oxbow, 2007. 115–132. Print.

Broekman, G. P. F., R. J. Demarée, and Olaf E. Kaper. The Libyan Period in Egypt: Historical and Cultural Studies into the 21st-24th Dynasties : Proceedings of a Conference at Leiden University, 25-27 October 2007. Egyptologische uitgaven. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2009. Print.

Brooks, Nick. ‘Cultural Responses to Aridity in the Middle Holocene and Increased Social Complexity’. Quaternary International 151.1 (2006): 29–49. Web.

Bryce, Trevor. The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. Routledge, 2009. Web. <https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203875506>.

Buchwald, Jed Z., and Diane Greco Josefowicz. The Zodiac of Paris: How an Improbable Controversy over an Ancient Egyptian Artifact Provoked a Modern Debate between Religion and Science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010. Print.

Bussmann, R. ‘Local Traditions in Early Egyptian Temples’. Egypt at Its Origins 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origin of the State : Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, London, 27th July-1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2011. 747–762. Print.

Butler, Beverley. Return to Alexandria. Routledge, 2016. Web. <https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315420851>.

Butzer, K. ‘Environmental Change in the Near East and Human Impact’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson, 2000. 123–152. Print.

---. ‘Long-Term Nile Flood Variation and Political Discontinuities in Pharaonic Egypt’. From Hunters to Farmers : The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa / Edited by J. Desmond Clark and Steven A. Brandt. N.p. 102–112. Web. <http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg88959299&indx=3&recIds=dedupmrg88959299&recIdxs=2&elementId=2&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%253A%2528UCL_LMS_DS%2529&frbg=&tab=local&dstmp=1402479818372&srt=rank&mode=Basic&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=from%2520hunters%2520clark&vid=UCL_VU1>.

Butzer, Karl W. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: A Study in Cultural Ecology. Prehistoric archeology and ecology. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: UMI Books on Demand, 2002. Print.

Butzer, Karl W. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: A Study in Cultural Ecology. Prehistoric archeology and ecology. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: UMI Books on Demand, 2002. Print.

Campagno, M. ‘Kinship, Concentration of Population and the Emergence of the State in the Nile Valley’. Egypt at Its Origins 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origin of the State : Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, London, 27th July-1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2011. 1229–1242. Print.

---. ‘Late Fourth Millennium BCE’. UCLA Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. W. Grajetzki and W. Wendrich. Vol. 1. Los Angeles: N.p., 2013. Web. <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9988b193>.

Carrott, Richard G. The Egyptian Revival: Its Sources, Monuments, and Meaning, 1808-1858. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. Print.

Castillos, J. J. ‘The Development and Nature of Inequality in Early Egypt’. British Museum Studies in ancient Egypt and Sudan 13 (2009): 73–81. Web. <http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/online_journals/bmsaes/issue_13/castillos.aspx>.

Celenko, Theodore. Egypt in Africa. Indianapolis, Ind: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1996. Print.

Černý, Jaroslav. A Community of Workmen at Thebes in the Ramesside Period. Bibliothèque d’étude. [Le Caire]: Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire, 1973. Print.

Chavalas, Mark W. The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation. Blackwell sourcebooks in ancient history. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2006. Print.

Cheryl Haldane. ‘Direct Evidence for Organic Cargoes in the Late Bronze Age’. World Archaeology 24.3 (1993): 348–360. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/124713>.

Christina Riggs. ‘Funerary Rituals (Ptolemaic and Roman Periods)’. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2010): n. pag. Web. <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n10x347>.

Clayton, Peter A. The Rediscovery of Ancient Egypt: Artists and Travellers in the 19th Century. London: Thames and Hudson, 1982. Print.

Cline, Eric H. Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea: International Trade and the Late Bronze Age Aegean. [New ed.]. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2009. Print.

Cohen, Raymond, and Raymond Westbrook. Amarna Diplomacy: The Beginnings of International Relations. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Univeristy Press, 2000. Web. <https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb30995.0001.001>.

Colla, Elliott. Conflicted Antiquities. Duke University Press, 2007. Web. <http://read.dukeupress.edu/lookup/doi/10.1215/9780822390398>.

Cooney, Kathlyn M. The Cost of Death: The Social and Economic Value of Ancient Egyptian Funerary Art in the Ramesside Period. Egyptologische uitgaven. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2007. Print.

Copenhaver, Brian P., ed. Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a New English Translation, with Notes and Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Web. <http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781107050075>.

Cordova, Carlos E. ‘The Degradation of the Ancient Near Eastern Environment’. A Companion to the Ancient Near East. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2005. 109–125. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781405137393>.

Cotton, Hannah M. et al., eds. From Hellenism To Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511641992>.

Crawford, Harriet E. W. Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print.

Crone, P., and A. Silverstein. ‘The Ancient Near East and Islam: The Case of Lot-Casting’. Journal of Semitic Studies 55.2 (2010): 423–450. Web.

---. ‘The Ancient Near East and Islam: The Case of Lot-Casting’. Journal of Semitic Studies 55.2 (2010): 423–450. Web.

Curl, James Stevens, and James Stevens Curl. The Egyptian Revival: Ancient Egypt as the Inspiration for Design Motifs in the West. London: Routledge, 2005. Print.

Currid, John D. Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Books, 1997. Print.

Curtis, Adrian. Ugarit (Ras Shamra). Cities of the Biblical World. Cambridge: Lutterworth, 1985. Print.

Curtis, John et al. Art and Empire: Treasures from Assyria in the British Museum. London: British Museum Press for the Trustees of the British Museum, 1995. Print.

Curtis, John, and Nigel Tallis. Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. London: British Museum, 2005. Print.

Dalfes, H. Nüzhet et al. Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse: [Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Third Millennium BC Abrupt Climate Change and Old World Social Collapse, Held at Kemer, Turkey, September 19-24, 1994]. NATO ASI series. Series I, Global environmental change. Berlin: Springer, 1997. Print.

Dalley, Stephanie. Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others. The World’s classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Print.

Daly, M. W. The Cambridge History of Egypt: Volume 2: Modern Egypt, from 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. The Cambridge history of Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Web. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521472111>.

Daly, Okasha El. Egyptology: The Missing Millennium ; Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings. London: UCL Press, 2005. Print.

Danforth, Randi and American Research Center in Egypt. Preserving Egypt’s Cultural Heritage: The Conservation Work of the American Research Center in Egypt, 1995-2005. San Antonio, TX: American Research Center in Egypt, 2010. Print.

Darnell, John C. ‘Opet Festival’. Ed. W. Wendrich and J. Dieleman. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4739r3fr>.

David N. Edwards. ‘The Archaeology of Sudan and Nubia’. Annual Review of Anthropology 36 (2007): 211–228. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25064953>.

Davies, W. V., British Museum, and Egypt Exploration Society. Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam. London: British Museum Press in association with the Egypt Exploration Society, 1991. Print.

Davies, W. V., and Louise Schofield. Egypt, the Aegean and the Levant: Interconnections in the Second Millenium BC. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1995. Print.

Derricourt, Robin M. ‘Ancient Egypt and African Sources of Civilisation’. Inventing Africa: History, Archaeology and Ideas. London: Pluto, 2011. 103–119. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183p9r7>.

Dodson, Aidan, and Salima Ikram. The Tomb in Ancient Egypt: Royal and Private Sepulchres from the Early Dynastic Period to the Romans. London: Thames & Hudson, 2008. Print.

Dominic Montserrat and Lynn Meskell. ‘Mortuary Archaeology and Religious Landscape at Graeco-Roman Deir El-Medina’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83 (1997): 179–197. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3822465>.

Donald M. Reid. ‘Indigenous Egyptology: The Decolonization of a Profession?’ Journal of the American Oriental Society 105.2 (1985): 233–246. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/601703>.

Edward B. Banning, Julian Siggers and Dan Rahimi. ‘The Late Neolothic of the Southern Levant: Hiatus, Settlement Shift or Observer Bias? The Perspective from Wadi Ziqlab’. Paléorient 20.2 (1994): 151–164. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/41492595>.

Edwards, David N. The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan. London: Routledge, 2004. Print.

El Daly, Okasha. ‘Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings’. The Wisdom of Ancient Egypt: Changing Visions through the Ages. Encounters with ancient Egypt. London: UCL Press, 2003. 39–63. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=7a0b0d01-8536-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Elmarsafy, Ziad, Anna Bernard, and David Attwell. Debating Orientalism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Print.

Elzein, Intisar Soghayroun. Islamic Archaeology in the Sudan. Cambridge monographs in African archaeology. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2004. Print.

Emery, V. L. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Ed. W. Wendrich. N.p., 2011. Web. <https://escholarship.org/uc/nelc_uee>.

Esin, U., and S. Harmankaya. ‘Asikli’. Neolithic in Turkey: The Cradle of Civilization : New Discoveries. Ancient Anatolian civilizations series. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, 1999. 115–132. Print.

Exell, Karen and Egypt in its African Context. Egypt in Its African Context: Proceedings of the Conference Held at the Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, 2-4 October 2009. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2011. Print.

Eyre, C. ‘The Village Economy in Pharaonic Egypt’. Agriculture in Egypt: From Pharaonic to Modern Times. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1999. 33–60. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=85528aa1-4c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Fagan, Brian M. The Rape of the Nile: Tomb Robbers, Tourists, and Archaeologists in Egypt. Rev. and updated ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004. Print.

Faulkner, Raymond O. The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts: Spells 1-1185 & Indexes. Oxford: Aris & Phillips, 2004. Print.

Feinman, Gary M. and Marcus, Joyce. Archaic States. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Santa Fe, N.M: School of American Research Press, 1998. Print.

Fekri A. Hassan. ‘Historical Nile Floods and Their Implications for Climatic Change’. Science 212.4499 (1981): 1142–1145. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1685400>.

---. ‘The Dynamics of a Riverine Civilization: A Geoarchaeological Perspective on the Nile Valley, Egypt’. World Archaeology 29.1 (1997): 51–74. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/124996>.

Feldman, M. H. ‘Hoarded Treasures: The Megiddo Ivories and the End of the Bronze Age’. Levant 41.2 (2009): 175–194. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1179/007589109X12484491671130>.

Ferrier, R. W. The Arts of Persia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989. Print.

Filip Coppens. ‘Temple Festivals of the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods’. Ed. W. Wendrich and J. Dieleman. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2009): n. pag. Web. <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cd7q9mn>.

Flannery, Kent V., and Joyce Marcus. The Creation of Inequality: How Our Prehistoric Ancestors Set the Stage for Monarchy, Slavery, and Empire. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2012. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jbvjr>.

France, Peter. The Rape of Egypt: How the Europeans Stripped Egypt of Its Heritage. London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1991. Print.

Frances Pinnock. ‘The Urban Landscape of Old Syrian Ebla’. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 53 (2001): 13–33. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1359976>.

Frankfort, Henri. Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society and Nature. An Oriental Institute essay. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. Web. <https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/misc/kingship-and-gods-study-ancient-near-eastern-religion-society-and-nature>.

---. Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society and Nature. An Oriental Institute essay. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. Web. <http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/misc/kingship-and-gods-study-ancient-near-eastern-religion-society-and-nature>.

---. The Birth of Civilization in the Near East. London: Williams & Norgate, 1951. Print.

Frankfort, Henri. The Birth of Civilization in the Near East. London: Williams & Norgate, 1951. Print.

Frankfurter, David. Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1998. Print.

Freeman, Charles, and John D. Ray. The Legacy of Ancient Egypt. New York: Facts on File, 1997. Print.

Frend, W. H. C. The Archaeology of Early Christianity: A History. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1996. Print.

Friedman, Florence D., Rhode Island School of Design, and Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). Beyond the Pharaohs: Egypt and the Copts in the 2nd to 7th Centuries A.D. Providence, R.I.: Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, 1989. Print.

Friedman, Renée F., Fiske, Peter N., and International Conference ‘Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’. Egypt at Its Origins 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origin of the State : Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, London, 27th July-1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2011. Print.

---. Egypt at Its Origins 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origin of the State : Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, London, 27th July-1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2011. Print.

Frood, E. ‘Social Structure and Daily Life: Pharaonic’. A Companion to Ancient Egypt / Edited by Alan B. Lloyd. N.p. 469–490. Web. <http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg114905829&indx=2&recIds=dedupmrg114905829&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&frbg=&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL_LMS_DS%29&tab=local&dstmp=1415624388970&srt=rank&mode=Basic&&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=lloyd%20ancient%20egypt&vid=UCL_VU1>.

Frood, Elizabeth, and John Baines. Biographical Texts from Ramessid Egypt. Writings from the ancient world. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2007. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.07787>.

G. Barker. ‘Early Farming and Domestication’. The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology. Ed. Chris Gosden, Barry Cunliffe, and Rosemary A. Joyce. Oxford University Press, 2009. 445–483. Web. <http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199271016.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199271016>.

Giddy, Lisa L. Egyptian Oases: Baḥariya, Dakhla, Farafra and Kharga during Pharaonic Times. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1987. Print.

Grajetzki, W. ‘Class and Society: Positions and Possessions’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 180–199. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Grajetzki, Wolfram. Harageh: An Egyptian Burial Ground for the Rich, around 1800 BC. London: Golden House, 2004. Print.

---. Sedment: Burials of Egyptian Farmers and Noblemen over the Centuries. London: Golden House, 2005. Print.

Grajetzki, Wolfram. Tarkhan: A Cemetary at the Time of Egyptian State Formation. London: Golden House, 2004. Print.

Guillermo Algaze, Burchard Brenties, A. Bernard Knapp, Philip L. Kohl, Wade R. Kotter, C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, Glenn M. Schwartz, Harvey Weiss, Robert J. Wenke, Rita P. Wright and Allen Zagarell. ‘The Uruk Expansion: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Early Mesopotamian Civilization [with Comments and Reply]’. Current Anthropology 30.5 (1989): 571–608. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743567>.

Guksch, G. E. ‘Ethnological Models and Processes of State Formation: Chiefdom Survivals in the Old Kingdom’. Göttinger Miszellen 125 (1991): 37–50. Print.

Gundlach, R. ‘Temples’. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 363–379. Print.

H. W. Fairman. ‘Town Planning in Pharaonic Egypt’. The Town Planning Review 20.1 (1949): 32–51. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40101924>.

Haarman, U. ‘Muslim Perceptions of Pharaonic Egypt’. Ancient Egyptian Literature: History and Forms. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. 605–627. Print.

Haikal, F. M. ‘The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Proposal for an Encyclopaedia of Survivals’. Annales du service des antiquités de l’Égypte 74 (1999): 163–168. Print.

Harper, Prudence Oliver et al. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. Print.

Hassan, F. ‘Egypt in the Memory of the World’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 259–273. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Hassan, F. A. et al. Managing Egypt’s Cultural Heritage: Proceedings of the First Egyptian Cultural Heritage Organisation Conference on Egyptian Cultural Heritage Management. Discourses on heritage management series. [London]: Golden House, 2009. Print.

Hassan, Fekri A. ‘Holocene Palaeoclimates of Africa.’ African Archaeological Review 14 (1997): 213–230. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/25130631>.

Hatton, G.D., A.J. Shortland, and M.S. Tite. ‘The Production Technology of Egyptian Blue and Green Frits from Second Millennium BC Egypt and Mesopotamia’. Journal of Archaeological Science 35.6 (2008): 1591–1604. Web.

Hauptmann, H. ‘The Urfa Region’. Neolithic in Turkey: The Cradle of Civilization : New Discoveries. Ancient Anatolian civilizations series. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, 1999. 65–86. Print.

Hays, Harold M. ‘Funerary Rituals (Pharaonic Period)’. Ed. J. Dieleman and W. Wendrich. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2010): n. pag. Web. <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1r32g9zn>.

Hendrickx, S., D. Huyge, and W. Wendrich. ‘Worship without Writing’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 15–35. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Hendrickx, Stan, Adams, Barbara, and International Conference ‘Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’. Egypt at Its Origins: Studies in Memory of Barbara Adams : Proceedings of the International Conference ‘Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, Kraków, 28 August-1st September 2002. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2004. Print.

---. Egypt at Its Origins: Studies in Memory of Barbara Adams : Proceedings of the International Conference ‘Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, Kraków, 28 August-1st September 2002. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2004. Print.

Higginbotham, Carolyn R. Egyptianization and Elite Emulation in Ramesside Palestine: Governance and Accomodation on the Imperial Periphery. Culture and history of the ancient Near East. Boston, MA: Brill, 2000. Print.

Hilhorst, Anthony, Geurt Hendrik van Kooten, and Gerard P. Luttikhuizen. The Wisdom of Egypt: Jewish, Early Christian, and Gnostic Essays in Honour of Gerard P. Luttikhuizen. Ancient Judaism and early Christianity = Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums. Leiden: Brill, 2005. Print.

Hoffman, Michael A. Egypt before the Pharaohs: The Prehistoric Foundations of Egyptian Civilization. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980. Print.

Hoffmeier, James K. Ancient Israel in Sinai. Oxford University Press, 2005. Web.

Holdaway, Simon, Willeke Wendrich, and Rebecca Phillipps. ‘Identifying Low-Level Food Producers: Detecting Mobility from Lithics’. Antiquity 84.323 (2010): 185–194. Web.

Horn, C., and E. C. D. Hunter. ‘Christianity in the Late Antique Near East’. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 1095–1112. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9781444360769>.

Hornung, Erik. Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1996. Print.

---. The Secret Lore of Egypt: Its Impact on the West. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2001. Print.

Hornung, Erik, and David Lorton. The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999. Print.

Howe, Stephen. Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes. London: Verso, 1998. Print.

Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, and R. J. C. Broadhurst. The Travels of Ibn Jubayr: Being the Chronicle of a Mediaeval Spanish Moor Concerning His Journey to the Egypt of Saladin, the Holy Cities of Arabia, Baghdad the City of the Caliphs, the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. New Delhi: Goodword Books, 2001. Print.

Ikram, S. ‘Afterlife Beliefs and Burial Customs’. The Egyptian World. The Routledge worlds. London: Routledge, 2007. 340–351. Print.

Ikram, Salima, and Aidan Dodson. The Mummy in Ancient Egypt: Equipping the Dead for Eternity. London: Thames & Hudson, 1998. Print.

Insoll, Timothy. The Archaeology of Islam. Social archaeology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. Print.

Israel Finkelstein and Ram Gophna. ‘Settlement, Demographic, and Economic Patterns in the Highlands of Palestine in the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Periods and the Beginning of Urbanism’. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 289 (1993): 1–22. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1357359>.

Israel Gershoni. ‘Imagining and Reimagining the Past: The Use of History by Egyptian Nationalist Writers, 1919-1952’. History and Memory 4.2 (1992): 5–37. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25618633>.

Iversen, Erik. Egyptian and Hermetic Doctrine. Opuscula Graecolatina. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1984. Print.

---. The Myth of Egypt and Its Hieroglyphs in European Tradition. Copenhagen: Gad, 1961. Print.

J. Neumann and S. Parpola. ‘Climatic Change and the Eleventh-Tenth-Century Eclipse of Assyria and Babylonia’. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 46.3 (1987): 161–182. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/544526>.

James, Peter, I. J. Thorpe, and Colin Renfrew. Centuries of Darkness: A Challenge to the Conventional Chronology of Old World Archaeology. London: Cape, 1991. Print.

James, T. G. H. ‘Rediscovering Egypt of the Pharaohs’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. 2753–2764. Print.

Janssen, Jac. J. Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes. Leiden: Brill, 1975. Print.

Janssen, Rosalind and Petrie Museum of Egyptology. The First Hundred Years: Egyptology at University College London, 1892-1992. London: Petrie Museum, 1992. Print.

Jeffreys, D. ‘Introduction: Two Hundred Years of Ancient Egypt: Modern History and Ancient Archaeology’. Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, Colonialism and Modern Appropriations. Encounters with ancient Egypt. London: UCL Press, 2003. 1–18. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=dc47e8ed-8436-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

---. ‘Regionality, Cultural and Cultic Landscapes’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 102–118. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9781444318302>.

Jeffreys, D. G. ‘Introduction: Two Hundred Years of Ancient Egypt: Modern History and Ancient Archaeology’. Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, Colonialism and Modern Appropriations. Encounters with ancient Egypt. London: UCL Press, 2003. 1–18. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=dc47e8ed-8436-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

J.N. Postgate. ‘Cities and Dynasties’. Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. London: Routledge, 1994. 22–50. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4844bd36-5d5f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

John Baines. ‘Practical Religion and Piety’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 73 (1987): 79–98. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3821523>.

John Curtis. ‘The Medes and the Persians’. Ancient Persia. 2nd ed. London: British Museum, 2000. 34–59. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=d7654d5f-5a5f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Johnson, Janet H. Life in a Multi-Cultural Society: Egypt from Cambyses to Constantine and Beyond. Studies in ancient oriental civilization. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1992. Print.

K. Aslihan Yener. ‘The Anatolian Middle Bronze Age Kingdoms and Alalakh: Mukish, Kanesh and Trade’. Anatolian Studies 57 (2007): 151–160. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20455400>.

Kabaciński, Jacek et al. Prehistory of Northeastern Africa: New Ideas and Discoveries. Studies in African archaeology. Poznań: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu, 2012. Print.

Kakosy, L. ‘Egypt in Ancient Greek and Roman Thought’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. 3–14. Print.

---. ‘Survivals of the Ancient Religion in Egypt’. Studia Aegyptiaca 251 (1994): 65–71. Print.

Kanawati, Naguib. The Tomb and beyond: Burial Customs of the Egyptian Officials. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 2001. Print.

Karl W. Butzer. ‘Archeology and Geology in Ancient Egypt’. Science 132.3440 (1960): 1617–1624. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1706676>.

Kemp, B. ‘Temple and Town in Ancient Egypt’. Man, Settlement and Urbanism: Proceedings of a Meeting of the Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects Held at the Institute of Archaeology, London University. London: Duckworth, 1972. 657–680. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=289f5f30-6436-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Kemp, B. J. ‘How Religious Were the Ancient Egyptians?’ Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5 (1995): 25–54. Web. <http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2F2303_1A903694BBBF90DAC3B4C2ACB0D15F9F_journals__CAJ_CAJ5_01_S0959774300001177a.pdf&cover=Y&code=7e7a37de7a31086aff41ae708a1ef5e1>.

---. ‘Imperialism and Empire in New Kingdom Egypt’. Imperialism in the Ancient World. Cambridge classical studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. 7–57. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=77d5ef66-5936-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

---. ‘The Early Development of Towns in Egypt’. Antiquity 51.203 (1977): 185–200. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00071702>.

Kemp, Barry J. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2006. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/Vleweb/Product/Index/1993437?page=0>.

---. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2006. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/Vleweb/Product/Index/1993437?page=0>.

---. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2006. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780203468821>.

---. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2006. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780203468821>.

---. ‘City of People’. The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and Its People. New aspects of antiquity. London: Thames & Hudson, 2012. Print.

---. ‘How Religious Were the Ancient Egyptians?’ Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5.01 (1995): n. pag. Web.

---. The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and Its People. New aspects of antiquity. London: Thames & Hudson, 2012. Print.

---. The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and Its People. New aspects of antiquity. London: Thames & Hudson, 2012. Print.

Kent V. Flannery. ‘The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations’. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3 (1972): 399–426. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096853>.

King, L. W. and British Academy. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in Relation to Hebrew Tradition. The Schweich lectures. London: Pub. for the British academy by H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1918. Print.

Kitchen, K. A. Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II King of Egypt. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1982. Print.

Kitchen, K. A. Ramesside Inscriptions: Translated & Annotated, Vol. 5: Translations. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2008. Print.

---. Ramesside Inscriptions: Translated & Annotated, Vol. 6: Translations. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Print.

---. Ramesside Inscriptions: Translated & Annotated, Vol.3: Translations. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000. Print.

---. Ramesside Inscriptions: Translated & Annotated, Vol.4: Translations. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003. Print.

---. Ramesside Inscriptions: Translated and Annotated, 1: Translations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993. Print.

---. Ramesside Inscriptions: Translated and Annotated, 2: Translations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. Print.

Kitchen, K. A. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100-650 B.C.). 2nd ed. with suppl. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1986. Print.

Kohl, Philip L., and Clare Fawcett, eds. Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Web. <http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511558214>.

Kohler, E. C. ‘Neolithic in the Nile Valley (Fayum A, Merimde, e-Omari, Badarian)’. Archéo-Nil: revue de la société pour l’étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil 21 (2011): 17–20. Web. <http://www.archeonil.fr/revue/AN21-2011-K%C3%B6hler-Palaeolithic%20and%20Neolithic.pdf>.

---. ‘Theories of State Formation’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 36–54. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Kolinski, R. ‘The Upper Khabur Region in the Second Part of the Third Millennium BC | Rafal Kolinski - Academia.Edu’. Altorientalische Forschungen 34.2 (2007): 342–369. Web. <https://www.academia.edu/460648/The_Upper_Khabur_Region_in_the_Second_Part_of_the_Third_Millennium_BC>.

Kozloff, Arielle P. et al. Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1992. Print.

Kuhrt, Amélie. The Ancient Near East: C.3000-330 BC. Routledge history of the ancient world. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.

Kuhrt, Amélie. The Ancient Near East: C.3000-330 BC. Routledge history of the ancient world. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.

Kuhrt, Amélie. The Ancient Near East: C.3000-330 BC. Routledge history of the ancient world. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.

Kuhrt, Amélie. The Ancient Near East: C.3000-330 BC. Routledge history of the ancient world. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.

Kuijt, Ian. ‘Keeping the Peace: Ritual, Skull Caching and Community Integration in the Levantine Neolithic’. Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation. Fundamental issues in archaeology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 137–164. Print.

Lacovara, Peter. The New Kingdom Royal City. Studies in Egyptology. London: Kegan Paul International, 1997. Print.

Landes, David S., Joel Mokyr, and William J. Baumol. The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern Times. Kauffman Foundation series on innovation and entrepreneurship. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010. Print.

Leahy, Anthony, University of London, and Society for Libyan Studies (London, England). Libya and Egypt: C1300-750 BC. London: SOAS Centre of Near and Middle Eastern Studies and the Society for Libyan Studies, 1990. Print.

Lefkowitz, Mary R. Not out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History. New York: BasicBooks, 1997. Print.

Lefkowitz, Mary R., and Guy MacLean Rogers. Black Athena Revisited. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996. Print.

Lehner, M. ‘Villages and the Old Kingdom’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 85–101. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9781444318302>.

Lehner, Mark. ‘The Living Pyramid’. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. 200–243. Print.

Leprohon, R. J. ‘Royal Ideology and State Administration in Ancient Egypt’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson, 2000. 273–287. Print.

Lesko, Leonard H. Pharaoh’s Workers: The Villagers of Deir El Medina. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994. Print.

Levy, Thomas Evan. ‘Cult, Metallurgy and Rank Societies - Chalcolithic Period (ca 4500-3500BC)’. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Pbk. ed. New approaches in anthropological archaeology. London: Leicester University Press, 1998. 226–244. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0182cbd6-6436-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Levy, Thomas Evan. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Pbk. ed. New approaches in anthropological archaeology. London: Leicester University Press, 1998. Print.

---. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Pbk. ed. New approaches in anthropological archaeology. London: Leicester University Press, 1998. Print.

Lewis, Naphtali and American Society of Papyrologists. Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt: Case Studies in the Social History of the Hellenistic World. Classics in papyrology. Oakville, Conn: American Society of Papyrologists, 2001. Print.

Lichtheim, Miriam. Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings. [New ed.]. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2006. Print.

Liverani, M. ‘The Collapse of the Near Eastern Regional System at the End of the Bronze Age: The Case of Syria’. Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 66–73. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=d7556729-d55d-e811-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. ‘The Ideology of the Assyrian Empire’. Power and Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Empires. Mesopotamia. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1979. 297–317. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6fce6a73-655f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Liverani, Mario. ‘Akkad: An Introduction’. Akkad: The First World Empire : Structure, Ideology, Traditions. History of the ancient Near East, Studies. Padova: Sargon, 1993. 1–10. Print.

Lloyd, Alan B., ed. A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Web. <http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781444320053>.

Lloyd, Seton. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest. Rev. ed. London: Thames and Hudson, 1984. Print.

Lloyd, Seton. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest. The world of archaeology. London: Thames and Hudson, 1978. Print.

Lloyd Weeks, Karim Alizadeh, Lily Niakan, Kourosh Alamdari, Mohsen Zeidi, Alireza Khosrowzadeh and Bernadette McCall. ‘The Neolithic Settlement of Highland SW Iran: New Evidence from the Mamasani District’. Iran 44 (2006): 1–31. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4300702>.

Lukonin, Vladimir Grigorʹevich et al. Early Mesopotamia and Iran: Contact and Conflict 3500-1600B.C. London: British Museum, 1993. Print.

Lupo, Silvia. Territorial Appropriation during the Old Kingdom (XXVIIIth-XXIIIrd Centuries BC): The Royal Necropolises and the Pyramid Towns in Egypt. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2007. Print.

Lustig, Judith. Anthropology and Egyptology: A Developing Dialogue. Monographs in Mediterranean archaeology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. Print.

M. Bietak. ‘Review Article: The Present State of Egyptian Archaeology’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 65 (1979): 156–160. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3856576>.

M. Ozdogan. ‘Ideology and Archaeology in Turkey’. Archaeology Under Fire. Routledge, 2002. 111–123. Web. <https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203029817>.

MacDonald, Sally, and Michael Rice. Consuming Ancient Egypt. Encounters with ancient Egypt. London: UCL Press, 2003. Print.

Maeir, A. M. ‘The Political and Economic Status of MB II Hazor and MB II Trade: An Inter- and Intra-Regional View’. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 132.1 (2000): 37–58. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1179/peq.2000.132.1.37>.

Manzanilla, Linda. ‘The Impact of Climatic Change on Past Civilizations. A Revisionist Agenda for Further Investigation’. Quaternary International 43–44 (1997): 153–159. Web.

Marcus, E. S. ‘Venice on the Nile? On the Maritime Character of Tell Dab’a’. Timelines Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2006. 187–190. Print.

Marcus, Joyce, Jeremy A. Sabloff, and Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences. The Ancient City: New Perspectives on Urbanism in the Old and New World. School for Advanced Research resident scholar series. Santa Fe, N.M.: School for Advanced Research Press, 2008. Print.

Mark Smith. ‘Democratization of the Afterlife’. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2009): n. pag. Web. <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/70g428wj>.

Matney, T. ‘Northern Mesopotamia’. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 556–574. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9781444360769>.

Matthew W. Waters. ‘The Earliest Persians in Southwestern Iran: The Textual Evidence’. Iranian Studies 32.1 (1999): 99–107. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4311206>.

Matthews, R. et al. ‘Investigating the Early Neolithic of Western Iran: The Central Zagros Archaeological Project (CZAP)’. Antiquity 84.323 (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/matthews323/>.

Matthews, Roger, and Cornelia Roemer. Ancient Perspectives on Egypt. Encounters with ancient Egypt. London: UCL Press, 2003. Print.

McDowell, A. G. Village Life in Ancient Egypt: Laundry Lists and Love Songs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Print.

McMahon, Gregory, and Sharon Steadman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia. Oxford University Press, 2011. Web.

Mellaart, James. Çatal Hüyük: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia. New aspects of antiquity. London: Thames and Hudson, 1967. Print.

---. The Neolithic of the Near East. The world of archaeology. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975. Print.

Meskell, Lynn. Archaeologies of Social Life: Age, Sex, Class et Cetera in Ancient Egypt. Social archaeology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. Print.

---. Private Life in New Kingdom Egypt. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002. Web. <https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/511521>.

Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), and Royal Ontario Museum. Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999. Print.

Meyers, Eric M. and American Schools of Oriental Research. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Print.

Michael Allen Hoffman, Hany A Hamroush and Ralph O. Allen. ‘A Model of Urban Development for the Hierakonpolis Region from Predynastic through Old Kingdom Times’. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 23 (1986): 175–187. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40001098>.

Michael Wood. ‘The Use of the Pharaonic Past in Modern Egyptian Nationalism’. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 35 (1998): 179–196. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40000469>.

Midant-Reynes, Béatrix and International Conference ‘Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’. Egypt at Its Origins 2: Proceedings of the International Conference ‘Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, Toulouse, France, 5th-8th September 2005. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2008. Print.

---. Egypt at Its Origins 2: Proceedings of the International Conference ‘Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, Toulouse, France, 5th-8th September 2005. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2008. Print.

Milwright, Marcus. An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology. The new Edinburgh Islamic surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780748629954>.

Moeller, N. ‘The First Intermediate Period: A Time of Famine and Climate Change?’ Agypten und Levante 15 (26AD): 153–168. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/23788258>.

Moeller, N. ‘Urban Life’. The Egyptian World. The Routledge worlds. London: Routledge, 2007. 57–72. Web. <https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203820933>.

Moorey, P. R. S. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns, 1999. Print.

---. Biblical Lands. The making of the past. [London]: Elsevier-Phaidon, 1975. Print.

---. Biblical Lands. The making of the past. [London]: Elsevier-Phaidon, 1975. Print.

Moreno Garcia, J. C. ‘Village’. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Ed. E. Frood and W. Wendrich. N.p., 2011. Web. <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fs1k0w9>.

Morkot, Robert George. The Black Pharaohs: Egypt’s Nubian Rulers. London: Rubicon, 2000. Print.

Morris, Ellen Fowles. The Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt’s New Kingdom. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden: Brill, 2005. Print.

Moser, Stephanie et al. ‘Transforming Archaeology through Practice: Strategies for Collaborative Archaeology and the Community Archaeology Project at Quseir, Egypt’. World Archaeology 34.2 (2002): 220–248. Web.

Moser, Stephanie and British Museum. Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at the British Museum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print.

Mumford, G. D. ‘Settlements - Distribution, Structure, Architectonic: Pharaonic’. A Companion to Ancient Egypt / Edited by Alan B. Lloyd. N.p. 326–349. Web. <http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg114905829&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg114905829&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&frbg=&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL_LMS_DS%29&tab=local&dstmp=1415285766789&srt=rank&mode=Basic&&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=lloyd%20companion%20ancient%20egypt&vid=UCL_VU1>.

Murnane, W. J. ‘The History of Ancient Egypt: An Overview’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. 691–717. Print.

Murnane, William J. The Road to Kadesh: A Historical Interpretation of the Battle Reliefs of King Sety I at Karnak. Studies in ancient oriental civilization. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Print.

Murnane, William J., and Edmund S. Meltzer. Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt. Writings from the ancient world. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press, 1995. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.07774>.

Myśliwiec, Karol. The Twilight of Ancient Egypt: First Millennium B.C.E. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000. Print.

Naguib, S. -A. ‘Survivals of Pharaonic Religious Practices in Contemporary Coptic Christianity’. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Ed. E. Dieleman and W. Wendrich. N.p., 2008. Web. <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/27v9z5m8>.

Nicholson, Paul T. and Shaw, Ian. Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.

Nicoll, K. ‘Recent Environmental Change and Prehistoric Human Activity in Egypt and Northern Sudan’. Quaternary Science Reviews 23.5–6 (2004): 561–580. Web.

Nissen, Hans J., Lutzeier, Elizabeth, and Northcott, Kenneth J. The Early History of the Ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. Print.

Nissen, Hans Jörg et al. Archaic Bookkeeping: Early Writing and Techniques of the Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Print.

Nylander, Carl. Ionians in Pasargadae: Studies in Old Persian Architecture. Boreas. Uppsala: Universitetet, 1970. Print.

Oates, David and Oates, Joan. The Rise of Civilization. The making of the past. Oxford: Elsevier-Phaidon, 1976. Print.

Oates, Joan, and David Oates. Nimrud: An Assyrian Imperial City Revealed. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2001. Print.

O’Connor, D. ‘Egyptology and Archaeology: An African Perspective’. A History of African Archaeology. London: Currey, 1989. 236–251. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=56cf2a70-6c5f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

O’Connor, David. Ancient Nubia: Egypt’s Rival in Africa. Philadelphia, PA: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1993. Print.

---. Ancient Nubia: Egypt’s Rival in Africa. Philadelphia, PA: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1993. Print.

O’Connor, David, and Eric H. Cline. Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press, 1998. Print.

O’Connor, David, and David P. Silverman. Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995. Print.

Oren, Eliezer D. The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment. University Museum monograph. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 2000. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt4cghc9>.

Parker Pearson, Michael. The Archaeology of Death and Burial. Stroud: Sutton, 1999. Print.

Parpola, Simo, Michael Porter, and Casco Bay Assyriological Institute. The Helsinki Atlas of the Near East in the Neo-Assyrian Period. Helsinki: Casco Bay Assyriological Institute, 2001. Print.

Patch, Diana Craig, Eaton-Krauss, Marianne, and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Dawn of Egyptian Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. Print.

Peacock, D. P. S., and Lucy Katherine Blue. Myos Hormos - Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic Ports on the Red Sea, Volume 1: Survey and Excavations 1999-2003. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2006. Print.

---. Myos Hormos - Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic Ports on the Red Sea, Volume 2: Finds from the Excavations 1999-2003. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2011. Print.

Petry, Carl F., ed. Islamic Egypt 640-1517. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Print.

---. Islamic Egypt, 640-1517. The Cambridge history of Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Print.

Phillips, Jacke, Lanny Bell, and Martha Rhoads Bell. Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Near East: Studies in Honour of Martha Rhoads Bell. [San Antonio] TX: Van Sicklen Books, 1997. Print.

Pinch, G., and E. A. Waraksa. ‘Votive Practices’. Ed. J. Dieleman and W. Wendrich. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2009): n. pag. Web. <http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7kp4n7rk>.

Pinch, Geraldine. Magic in Ancient Egypt. Rev. and updated ed. London: British Museum Press, 2006. Print.

---. Votive Offerings to Hathor. Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 1993. Print.

Pollock, Susan. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was. Case studies in early societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print.

Pollock, Susan. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was. Case studies in early societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print.

Potts, D. T. ‘Distant Shores: Ancient Near Eastern Trade with South Asia and Northeastern Africa’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. 1451–1464. Print.

Potts, Daniel T. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Web. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444360790>.

---. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Web. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444360790>.

---. ‘Kinship in an Urban Civilization’. Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations. Athlone publications in Egyptology and ancient Near Eastern studies. London: Athlone Press, 1997. 208–219. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ca66ab46-6d5f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Web.

---. The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489617>.

---. The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Web.

Pritchard, James Bennett. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 2nd ed, rev.enl. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955. Print.

---. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 2nd ed, rev.enl. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955. Print.

Quirke, Stephen. Ancient Egyptian Religion. New York: Dover Publ, 1997. Print.

Quirke, Stephen. Egyptian Literature 1800 BC: Questions and Readings. Egyptology. London: Golden House Publications, 2004. Print.

Quirke, Stephen. Lahun: A Town in Egypt 1800 BC, and the History of Its Landscape. Egyptian sites. London: Golden House Publications, 2005. Print.

Rabbat, Nasser O. Mamluk History through Architecture: Monuments, Culture and Politics in Medieval Egypt and Syria. Library of Middle East history. London: I.B. Tauris, 2010. Print.

Radner, K. ‘How Did the Assyrian King Perceive His Land and Its Resources?’ Rainfall and Agriculture in Northern Mesopotamia: Proceedings of the Third MOS Symposium (Leiden 1999). Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te İstanbul. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 2000. 233–246. Web. <http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/86492/1/86492.pdf>.

Rainey, Anson Frank. Egypt, Israel, Sinai: Archaeological and Historical Relationships in the Biblical Period. Jerusalem: Tel Aviv University, 1987. Print.

Rathbone, D. ‘Villages, Land and Population in Graeco-Roman Egypt’. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 36 (1990): 103–142. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/44696684>.

Raven, Susan. Rome in Africa. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 1993. Print.

Raymond Westbrook and Amarna. ‘Babylonian Diplomacy in the Amarna Letters’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 120.3 (2000): 377–382. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/606009>.

Reade, Julian and British Museum. Assyrian Sculpture. New ed. London: published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press, 1998. Print.

Redford, D. B. ‘History and Egyptology’. Egyptology Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 23–35. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=e15695d6-6e5f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. ‘The Ancient Egyptian “City”: Figment or Reality?’ Urbanism in Antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete. Journal for the study of the Old Testament. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. 210–220. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=54dfaa6c-705f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1992. Print.

---. Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1992. Print.

---. The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III. Culture and history of the ancient Near East. Leiden: Brill, 2003. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt4cghc9>.

Redman, Charles L. The Rise of Civilization: From Early Farmers to Urban Society in the Ancient Near East. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1978. Print.

---. The Rise of Civilization: From Early Farmers to Urban Society in the Ancient Near East. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1978. Print.

Reeves, C. N. The Valley of the Kings: The Decline of a Royal Necropolis. Studies in Egyptology. London: Kegan Paul International, 1990. Print.

Reid, Donald M. Whose Pharaohs?: Archaeology, Museums, and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.90010>.

Rice, Michael. Egypt’s Legacy: The Archetypes of Western Civilization 3000-30 BC. London: Routledge, 1997. Print.

Richard Alston and Robert D. Alston. ‘Urbanism and the Urban Community in Roman Egypt’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83 (1997): 199–216. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3822466>.

Richards, J. ‘Kingship and Legitimation’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 55–84. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Richards, J. E. ‘Ancient Egyptian Mortuary Practices and the Study of Socioeconomic Differentiation’. Anthropology and Egyptology: A Developing Dialogue. Monographs in Mediterranean archaeology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. 33–42. Print.

---. ‘Conceptual Landscapes in the Egyptian Nile Valley’. Archaeologies of Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives. Social archaeology. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 83–100. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=11bcc958-d25d-e811-80cd-005056af4099>.

Richards, Janet E. Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscapes of the Middle Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print.

---. Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscapes of the Middle Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print.

Richards, Janet E., and Mary Van Buren. Order, Legitimacy, and Wealth in Ancient States. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.

Riggs, C. ‘Ancient Egypt in the Museum: Concepts and Constructions’. A Companion to Ancient Egypt / Edited by Alan B. Lloyd. N.p. 1129–1153. Web. <http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg114905829&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg114905829&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&frbg=&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL_LMS_DS%29&tab=local&dstmp=1416329811905&srt=rank&mode=Basic&&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=companion%20to%20ancient%20egypt&vid=UCL_VU1>.

Riggs, Christina Riggs. ‘The Body’. Ed. E. Frood and W. Wendrich. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1.1 (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f21r7sj>.

Ristvet, L. ‘Legal and Archaeological Territories of the Second Millennium BC in Northern Mesopotamia’. Antiquity 82.317 (2008): 585–599. Web. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/217556788?accountid=14511>.

Ritner, Robert Kriech, and Edward Frank Wente. The Libyan Anarchy: Inscriptions from Egypt’s Third Intermediate Period. Writings from the ancient world. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.08828>.

Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File, 2004. Print.

Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File, 2004. Print.

---. ‘Media and Mesopotamia: History and Architecture’. Later Mesopotamia and Iran : Tribes and Empires 1600-539 BC : Proceedings of a Seminar in Memory of Vladimir G. Lukonin. London: British Museum Press, 1995. 54–66. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ad5b0073-725f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Robert J. Braidwood. ‘Near Eastern Prehistory’. Science 127.3312 (1958): 1419–1430. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1756005>.

Robert J. Wenke. ‘The Evolution of Early Egyptian Civilization: Issues and Evidence’. Journal of World Prehistory 5.3 (1991): 279–329. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25800600>.

---. ‘The Evolution of Early Egyptian Civilization: Issues and Evidence’. Journal of World Prehistory 5.3 (1991): 279–329. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25800600>.

Robson, Eleanor. Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: A Social History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2008. Print.

Rogan, Eugene L., Alan K. Bowman, and British Academy. Agriculture in Egypt: From Pharaonic to Modern Times. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1999. Print.

Rosenberg, M., and R. W. Redding. ‘Hallan Cemi and Early Village Organization in Eastern Anatolia’. Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation. Fundamental issues in archaeology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 39–61. Print.

Roth, A. M. ‘Building Bridges to Afrocentrism’. Newsletters of the American Research Center in Egypt 167.1 (1995): 14–17. Web. <http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/afrocent_roth.html>.

Rudolph Kuper and Stefan Kröpelin. ‘Climate-Controlled Holocene Occupation in the Sahara: Motor of Africa’s Evolution’. Science 313.5788 (2006): 803–807. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3846922>.

Ruffini, Giovanni Roberto. Social Networks in Byzantine Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511552014>.

Ruzicka, Stephen. Trouble in the West: Egypt and the Persian Empire, 525-332 BC. Oxford University Press, 2012. Web. <http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199766628.001.0001/acprof-9780199766628>.

Sadek, Ashraf I. Popular Religion in Egypt during the New Kingdom. Hildesheimer ägyptologische Beiträge. Hildesheim: Gerstenberg, 1987. Print.

Safar, Fuʼād et al. Eridu. Baghdad: Ministry of Culture and Information, State Organization of Antiquities and Heritage, 1981. Print.

Saggs, H. W. F. The Might That Was Assyria. Great civilizations series. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1984. Print.

Sagona, A. G. and Zimansky, Paul E. Ancient Turkey. Routledge world archaeology. London: Routledge, 2009. Print.

---. Ancient Turkey. Routledge world archaeology. London: Routledge, 2009. Print.

Said, Edward W. Orientalism. Penguin classics. London: Penguin, 2003. Print.

Sanders, Paula. Creating Medieval Cairo: Empire, Religion, and Architectural Preservation in Nineteenth-Century Egypt. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2008. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15m7fqw>.

Saphinaz-Amal, N. ‘The Festivals of Opet and Abul Haggag. Survival of an Ancient Tradition?’ Temenos 26 (1990): 67–84. Print.

Sasson, Jack M. et al. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson, 2000. Print.

Sasson, Jack M. et al. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. Print.

---. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. Print.

Scarre, Christopher. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. 3rd ed. London: Thames & Hudson, 2013. Print.

Schmidt, H. ‘Foreign Affairs under Egypt’s “Dazzling Sun”’. Revue d’égyptologie 44 (1993): 153–160. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0dec8f3c-745f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Schneider, T. ‘Foreigners in Egypt: Archaeological Evidence and Cultural Context’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 143–163. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Segal, J. B. ‘Arabs at Hatra and the Vicinity: Marginalia on New Aramaic Texts’. Journal of Semitic Studies XXXI.1 (1986): 57–80. Web.

Seidlmayer, Stephan Johannes. ‘Town and State in the Early Old Kingdom: A View from Elephantine’. Aspects of Early Egypt. London: British Museum Press, 1996. 108–127. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=fd45f51f-445d-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Shafer, Byron E. et al. Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths, and Personal Practice. London: Routledge, 1991. Print.

Shafer, Byron E., and Dieter Arnold. Temples of Ancient Egypt. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2005. Print.

Shaw, I. ‘Ideal Homes in Ancient Egypt: The Archaeology of Social Aspiration’. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 2.2 (1992): 147–166. Print.

Shaw, Ian. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. New ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780191590597>.

Sherratt, A., and S. E. Sherratt. ‘From Luxuries to Commodities: The Nature of Mediterranean Bronze Age Trading Systems’. Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean: Papers Presented at the Conference Held at Rewley House, Oxford, in December 1989. Studies in Mediterranean archaeology. Jonsered: Åstrom, 1991. 351–386. Print.

Simpson, William Kelly, Faulkner, Raymond Oliver, and Wente, Edward Frank. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions and Poetry. new ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm2m5>.

Singer, I. ‘New Evidence on the End of the Hittite Empire’. The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment. University Museum monograph. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 2000. 21–33. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt4cghc9>.

Smith, Michael Ernest. The Comparative Archaeology of Complex Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022712>.

---. The Comparative Archaeology of Complex Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022712>.

Smith, S. T. ‘State and Empire in the Middle and New Kingdoms’. Anthropology and Egyptology: A Developing Dialogue. Monographs in Mediterranean archaeology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. 66–89. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d5f286b1-8736-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Smith, Stuart Tyson. ‘A Portion of Life Solidified: Understanding Ancient Egypt Through the Integration of Archaeology and History’. Journal of Egyptian History 3.1 (2010): 159–189. Web.

---. Askut in Nubia: The Economics and Ideology of Egyptian Imperialism in the Second Millenium B.C. Studies in Egyptology. London: Kegan Paul International, 1995. Print.

---. Wretched Kush: Ethnic Identities and Boudaries in Egypt’s Nubian Empire. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.

Snape, Steven. Ancient Egyptian Tombs. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Web. <http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781444393743>.

Snell, Daniel C. and Wiley InterScience. A Companion to the Ancient Near East. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Ancient history. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2005. Web. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470997086>.

‘SOAS: Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh’. Web. <https://www.soas.ac.uk/nme/research/gilgamesh/standard/>.

Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz. ‘Cereal Grinding Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia: Evidence from Dental Microwear’. Journal of Archaeological Science 38.10 (2011): 2805–2810. Web.

Sowada, K., and Peter Grave. Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Old Kingdom: An Archaeological Perspective. Orbis biblicus et orientalis. Fribourg: Academic Press, 2009. Print.

Spalinger, A. ‘Chronology and Periodization’. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 264–268. Print.

Spalinger, Anthony John and Wiley InterScience (Online service). War in Ancient Egypt: The New Kingdom. Ancient world at war. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2005. Web. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470774861>.

Spencer, A. Jeffrey. Early Egypt: The Rise of Civilisation in the Nile Valley. London: published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press, 1993. Print.

Spencer, N. ‘Shrine’. Ed. W. Wendrich and J. Dieleman. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5t48n007?query=shrine>.

Stadler, M. ‘Procession’. Ed. W. Wendrich and J. Dieleman. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/679146w5?query=procession>.

Steele, J. M. ‘Visual Aspects of the Transmission of Babylonian Astronomy and Its Reception into Greek Astronomy’. Annals of Science 68.4 (2011): 453–465. Web.

Stein, G. ‘Economy, Ritual and Power in “Ubaid Mesopotamia”’. Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity. Monographs in world archaeology. Madison, Wis: Prehistory Press, 1994. 35–46. Print.

---. ‘Local Identities and Interaction Spheres: Modelling Regional Variation in the Ubaid Horizone’. Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East : Papers from The Ubaid Expansion? : Cultural Meaning, Identity and the Lead-up to Urbanism. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2010. 23–44. Print.

Stevens, A. ‘Domestic Religious Practices’. Ed. W. Wendrich and J. Dieleman. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7s07628w?query=domestic%20religious%20practices>.

Stevenson, A. ‘Social Relationships in Predynastic Burials’. Journal of Egyptian archaeology 95 (2009): 175–192. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645752>.

Stolper, Matthew W. Entrepreneurs and Empire: The Murašû Archive, the Murašû Firm, and Persian Rule in Babylonia. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te İstanbul. Leiden: Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 1985. Print.

Storey, Glenn Reed. Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006. Print.

Strudwick, Nigel. Texts from the Pyramid Age. Writings from the ancient world. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.07783>.

Strudwick, Nigel, Helen Strudwick, and Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology Conference. Old Kingdom, New Perspectives: Egyptian Art and Archaeology 2750-2150 BC. Oxford: Oxbow, 2011. Print.

Sullivan, E. A. ‘Karnak: Development of the Temple of Amun-R’. Ed. W. Wendrich and J. Dieleman. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1f28q08h?query=karnak>.

Sweeney, D. ‘Sex and Gender’. UCLA Encyclopaedia of Egyptology. Ed. E. Frood and W. Wendrich. Vol. 1. Los Angeles: N.p., 2011. Web. <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rv0t4np>.

Szpakowska, Kasia Maria. Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Recreating Lahun. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2008. Print.

---. Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Recreating Lahun. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2008. Print.

T. J. Wilkinson, Jason Ur, Eleanor Barbanes Wilkinson and Mark Altaweel. ‘Landscape and Settlement in the Neo-Assyrian Empire’. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 340 (2005): 23–56. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25066913>.

Takács, Sarolta A. Isis and Sarapis in the Roman World. Religions in the Graeco-Roman world. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994. Print.

Teeter, Emily and University of Chicago. Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization. Oriental Institute Museum publications. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2011. Print.

The Archaeology of Africa. Routledge, 1993. Web. <http://www.tandfebooks.com/isbn/9780203754245>.

‘The Human Past - Student Study Guide Website’. : n. pag. Print.

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2001. Web. <http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195102345.001.0001/acref-9780195102345>.

---. Oxford University Press, 2001. Web. <http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195102345.001.0001/acref-9780195102345>.

---. Oxford University Press, 2001. Web. <http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195102345.001.0001/acref-9780195102345>.

Török, László. Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt, 3700 BC - 500 AD. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden: Brill, 2009. Print.

---. Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt, 3700 BC - 500 AD. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden: Brill, 2009. Print.

Trafton, Scott. Egypt Land. Ed. Donald E. Pease. Duke University Press, 2004. Web. <http://read.dukeupress.edu/lookup/doi/10.1215/9780822386315>.

Trigger, B. G. et al. Ancient Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Web. <http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511607868>.

---. Ancient Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Web. <http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511607868>.

---. ‘The Rise of Egyptian Civilization’. Ancient Egypt: A Social History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 1–70. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511607868>.

Trigger, Bruce G. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Web. <http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511813016>.

---. Early Civilizations: Ancient Egypt in Context. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1995. Print.

---. History and Settlement in Lower Nubia. Yale University publications in anthropology. New Haven: Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University, 1965. Print.

---. Understanding Early Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Web. <http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511840630>.

Tubb, Jonathan N. Canaanites. Peoples of the past. London: British Museum, 1998. Print.

Tyldesley, Joyce A. Egypt: How a Lost Civilization Was Rediscovered. London: BBC books, 2005. Print.

Ucko, P. ‘Ancient and Modern’. The Wisdom of Ancient Egypt: Changing Visions through the Ages. Encounters with ancient Egypt. London: UCL Press, 2003. 1–22. Print.

Ucko, Peter J. et al. Man, Settlement and Urbanism: Proceedings of a Meeting of the Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects Held at the Institute of Archaeology, London University. London: Duckworth, 1972. Print.

Van de Mieroop, Marc. A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Print.

---. A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucl/detail.action?docID=4038057>.

Van de Mieroop, Marc. A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucl/detail.action?docID=2065776>.

---. ‘Competing City-States: The Early Dynastic Period’. A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. 2nd ed. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. 39–58. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucl/detail.action?docID=2065776>.

Van der Spek, Kees. The Modern Neighbors of Tutankhamun: History, Life, and Work in the Villages of the Theban West Bank. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2011. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15m7grw>.

Vidal, J. ‘Ugarit and the Southern Levantine Sea-Ports’. Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient 49.3 (2006): 269–279. Web. <https://www.academia.edu/1526916/Ugarit_and_the_southern_levantine_seaports>.

Vymazalová, Hana et al. Chronology and Archaeology in Ancient Egypt: (The Third Millennium B.C.). Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, 2008. Print.

Vymazalová, Hana, Mohamed Megahed, and František Ondráš. Ancient Echoes in the Culture of Modern Egypt. Prague: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, 2011. Print.

Walters, C. C. Monastic Archaeology in Egypt. Modern Egyptology series. Warminster: Aris and Phillips Ltd, 1974. Print.

Warburton, David. Egypt and the Near East: Politics in the Bronze Age. Civilisations du Proche-Orient. Neuchâtel: Recherches et Publications, 2001. Print.

Ward, William A., and Martha Joukowsky. The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1992. Print.

Watkins, T. ‘From Foragers to Complex Societies in Southwest Asia’. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. 3rd ed. London: Thames & Hudson, 2013. 200–233. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=f0364349-5836-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Weiss, Harvey. ‘Excavations at Tell Leilan and the Origins of North Mesopotamian Cities in the Third Millenium B.C.’ Paléorient 9.2 (1983): 39–52. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/41489572>.

---. The Origins of Cities in Dry-Farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium B.C. Guilford, Conn: Four Quarters Publishing Co, 1986. Print.

Wendorf, F., and R. Schild. ‘The Western Desert during the 5th and 4th Millennia BC: The Late and Final Neolithic in the Nabta-Kiseiba Area’. Archeo-nil 14 (2004): 13–30. Print.

Wendorf, Fred, and Romuald Schild. ‘Nabta Playa and Its Role in Northeastern African Prehistory’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 17.2 (1998): 97–123. Web.

Wendrich, Willemina. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Wengrow, D. ‘Egypt and the Outside World I, 10,000-3300 BC’. The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North-East Africa, 10,000 to 2650 BC. Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 13-31-41–71. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=09614181-5c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099>.

Wengrow, D. The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North-East Africa, 10,000 to 2650 BC. Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print.

---. What Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print.

Wengrow, D. What Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print.

Wenke, R. ‘City-States, Nation-States and Territorial States: The Problem of Egypt’. The Archaeology of City-States: Cross-Cultural Approaches. Smithsonian series in archaeological inquiry. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997. 27–49. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=90668e5d-6b5f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Wenke, Robert J. The Ancient Egyptian State: The Origins of Egyptian Culture (c. 8000-2000 BC). Case studies in early societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print.

Wente, Edward Frank, and Edmund S. Meltzer. Letters from Ancient Egypt. Writings from the ancient world. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press, 1990. Web. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02262>.

Westenholz, Joan Goodnick and Muzeʼon artsot ha-Miḳra (Jerusalem). Royal Cities of the Biblical World. Jerusalem: Bible Lands Museum, 1996. Print.

Wickett, Elizabeth. For the Living and the Dead: The Funerary Laments of Upper Egypt, Ancient and Modern. London: I.B. Tauris, 2010. Print.

Wilfong, T G. ‘Gender in Ancient Egypt’. Egyptian Archaeology. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 164–179. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781444318302>.

Wilfong, Terry G. Women of Jeme: Lives in a Coptic Town in Late Antique Egypt. New texts from ancient cultures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Print.

Wilhelm, G. ‘The Kingdom of the Mitanni in Second Millennium Upper Mesopotamia’. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 1995. 1243–1254. Print.

Wilkinson, Richard H. Egyptology Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print.

Wilkinson, Richard H. The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000. Print.

Wilkinson, T. The Egyptian World. Routledge, 2011. Web. <http://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203820933>.

Wilkinson, T. J. Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 2003. Print.

Wilkinson, T. J. ‘Environmental Context’. Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 2003. 15–32. Print.

Wilkinson, Toby A. H. Early Dynastic Egypt. London: Routledge, 1999. Print.

William G. Dever. ‘Archaeological Sources for the History of Palestine: The Middle Bronze Age: The Zenith of the Urban Canaanite Era’. The Biblical Archaeologist 50.3 (1987): 148–177. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3210059>.

Wilson, J. A. ‘New Kingdom Egypt: Civilization without Cities’. City Invincible: A Symposium on Urbanization and Cultural Development in the Ancient Near East Held at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, December 4-7, 1958. Oriental Institute special publication. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. 124–164. Print.

Woolley, Leonard, and P. R. S. Moorey. Ur ‘of the Chaldees’: A Revised and Updated Edition of Sir Leonard Woolley’s Excavations at Ur. Rev., updated ed. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982. Print.

Wortham, John David. British Egyptology, 1549-1906. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1971. Print.

Yalçin, Ünsal and Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum. The Ship of Uluburun: A Comprehensive Compendium of the Exhibition Catalogue ’The Ship of Uluburun : World Trade 3000 Years Ago’ : Handouts, Uluburun Workshop. Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, 2006. Print.

Yoffee, N. ‘The Meanings of Cities in the Earliest States and Civilizations’. Myths of the Archaic State : Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States and Civilizations / Norman Yoffee. N.p. 42–90. Web. <http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg114436387&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg114436387&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&frbg=&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL_LMS_DS%29&tab=local&dstmp=1415287888724&srt=rank&mode=Basic&&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=myths%20archaic%20state%20yoffee&vid=UCL_VU1>.

Yorke M. Rowan and Jonathan Golden. ‘The Chalcolithic Period of the Southern Levant: A Synthetic Review’. Journal of World Prehistory 22.1 (2009): 1–92. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25801263>.

Zakrzewski, S. R. ‘Gender Relations and Social Organization in the Predynastic and Early Dynastic Periods’. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Egyptologists. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven: Peeters, 2007. 2005–2019. Print.

Zettler, Richard L. et al. Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1998. Print.

Zivie-Coche, C. ‘Late Period Temples’. Ed. W. Wendrich and J. Dieleman. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/30k472wh?query=late%20period%20temples>.

Bibliography for ARCL1009: Introduction to Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology BETA