Bibliography for HIST9204: Animals, Demons and the Boundaries of the Human in the Late Middle Ages

[1]
M. D. Bailey, Battling demons: witchcraft, heresy, and reform in the late Middle Ages, vol. Magic in history. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003.

[2]
R. Bartlett, The natural and the supernatural in the Middle Ages: the Wiles lecture given at the Queen’s University of Belfast, 2006, vol. The Wiles lectures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

[3]
B. Bildhauer and R. Mills, The monstrous Middle Ages. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucl/detail.action?docID=4947020

[4]
A. Boureau, Satan the heretic: the birth of demonology in medieval west. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

[5]
C. W. Bynum, Metamorphosis and identity. New York: Zone Books, 2001.

[6]
N. Caciola, Discerning spirits: divine and demonic possession in the Middle Ages, vol. Conjunctions of religion&power in the medieval past. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2003.

[7]
M.-D. Chenu, L. J. Taylor, and L. K. Little, Nature, man, and society in the twelfth century: essays on new theological perspectives in the Latin West, Phoenix ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

[8]
E. Cohen, ‘Animals in Medieval Perceptions. The Image of the Ubiquitous Other’, in Animals and human society : changing perspectives / edited by Aubrey Manning and James Serpell., .

[9]
S. Crane, Animal encounters: contacts and concepts in medieval Britain, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

[10]
L. Daston and K. Park, Wonders and the order of nature, 1150-1750. New York: Zone Books, 1998.

[11]
D. Elliott, Fallen bodies: pollution, sexuality, and demonology in the Middle Ages, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhs1w

[12]
J. B. Friedman, The monstrous races in medieval art and thought, vol. Medieval studies. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2000 [Online]. Available: https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/j.ctv170x50r

[13]
S. Geruzzi, Uomini, demoni, santi e animali tra Medioevo ed età moderna, vol. Biblioteca / Accademia Sperelliana. Pisa: F. Serra, 2010.

[14]
J. A. Givens, Observation and image-making in Gothic art. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

[15]
C. J. Glacken, Traces on the Rhodian shore: nature and culture in Western thought from ancient times to the end of the eighteenth century, vol. Campus. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1967.

[16]
S. Hartmann and International Medieval Congress, Fauna and flora in the Middle Ages: studies of the medieval environment and its impact on the human mind : papers delivered at the International Medieval Congress, Leeds, in 2000, 2001 and 2002, vol. Beihefte zur Mediaevistik. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2007.

[17]
T. Honegger, From Phoenix to Chauntecleer: medieval English animal poetry, vol. Schweizer anglistische Arbeiten. Tübingen: Francke Verlag, 1996.

[18]
Jaritz, Gerhard and Choyke, Alice Mathea, Animal diversities, vol. Medium Aevum Quotidianum. Krems: Medium Aevum Quotidianum, 2005.

[19]
L. A. J. R. Houwen, Animals and the symbolic in mediaeval art and literature, vol. Mediaevalia Groningana. Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1997.

[20]
Ingold, Tim, What is an animal?, vol. One world archaeology. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.

[21]
R. Jones, The medieval natural world, vol. Seminar studies. Harlow: Pearson, 2013.

[22]
F. D. Klingender and J. P. Harthan, Animals in art and thought: to the end of the Middle Ages. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1971.

[23]
Laszlovszky, József and Szabó, Péter, People and nature in historical perspective, vol. CEU medievalia. Budapest: Central European University, Department of Medieval Studies & Archaeolingua, 2003.

[24]
L’uomo di fronte al mundo animale nell’alto medioevo: 7-13 aprile 1983, vol. Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo. Spoleto: Presso la sede del centro, 1985.

[25]
H. C. Lea, A. C. Howland, and G. L. Burr, Materials toward a history of witchcraft. New York: T. Yoseloff, 1957.

[26]
J. Mann, From Aesop to Reynard: beast literature in medieval Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://academic.oup.com/book/26997

[27]
Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., Witch beliefs and witch trials in the Middle Ages: documents and readings. London: Continuum, 2011 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburymedievalstudies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia?docid=b-9781472599346

[28]
E. Peters, The magician, the witch and the law. Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1978.

[29]
R. Petzoldt and P. Neubauer, Demons: mediators between this world and the other : essays on demonic beings from the Middle Ages to the present, vol. Beiträge zur Europäischen Ethnologie und Folklore. Reihe B, Tagungsberichte und Materialien. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1998.

[30]
A. G. Pluskowski, ‘Wolves and sheep in medieval semiotics, iconology and ecology’’, in Animal diversities / edited by Gerhard Jaritz and Alice Choyke., pp. 9–22 [Online]. Available: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS001491722&indx=1&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS001491722&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&vl(50210315UI1)=cdate&vl(drEndMonth5)=00&vl(50210261UI0)=any&scp.scps=scope%253A%2528UCL%2529%252Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&dstmp=1377079838530&srt=rank&vl(drStartMonth5)=00&mode=Advanced&vl(1UIStartWith1)=contains&tb=t&vl(drStartYear5)=Year&vl(50210435UI2)=creator&vl(freeText0)=Animal%2520Diversities%2520&vid=UCL_VU1&vl(freeText2)=Choyke&vl(drStartDay5)=00&frbg=&vl(1UIStartWith2)=contains&vl(18346185UI4)=all_items&dum=true&vl(2235576UI3)=all_items&vl(drEndDay5)=00&vl(1UIStartWith0)=contains&Submit=Search&vl(drEndYear5)=Year&vl(freeText1)=

[31]
Pluskowski, Aleksander, Breaking and shaping beastly bodies: animals as material culture in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxbow, 2007 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dqx6

[32]
P. Dendle, R. Raiswell, and Victoria University (Toronto, Ont.), The devil in society in premodern Europe, vol. Essays and studies. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2012.

[33]
Pohl-Resl, Brigitte, A cultural history of animals in the medieval age, vol. A cultural history of animals. Oxford: Berg, 2007.

[34]
J. B. Russell, Lucifer: the Devil in the Middle Ages, vol. Cornell paperbacks. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.

[35]
J. E. Salisbury, The beast within: animals in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 1994.

[36]
J. E. Salisbury, The medieval world of nature: a book of essays, vol. Garland reference library of the humanities. New York: Garland, 1993.

[37]
R. Sorabji, Animal minds and human morals: the origins of the Western debate. London: Duckworth, 1993 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhkqr

[38]
C. G. Steel, G. Guldentops, and P. Beullens, Aristotle’s animals in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, vol. Mediaevalia Lovaniensia. Series 1, Studia. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/41266

[39]
Steel, Karl, How to make a human: animals and violence in the Middle Ages, vol. Interventions : new studies in medieval culture. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2011.

[40]
J. Voisenet and J. Le Goff, Bêtes et hommes dans le monde médiéval: le bestiaire des clercs du Ve au XIIe siècle. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2000.

[41]
R. Willis, Signifying animals: human meaning in the natural world, New ed., vol. One World Archaeology. London: Routledge, 1993.

[42]
D. Yamamoto, The boundaries of the human in medieval English literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

[43]
Ziolkowski, Jan M., Talking animals: medieval Latin beast poetry, 750-1150, vol. Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4s7mtw

[44]
‘Aristotle’s De animalibus online’. [Online]. Available: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.mb.txt

[45]
‘The Aberdeen Bestiary Project - University of Aberdeen’. [Online]. Available: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/

[46]
‘The Medieval Bestiary’. [Online]. Available: http://bestiary.ca/index.html

[47]
‘Animals in Medieval Art | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art’. [Online]. Available: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/best/hd_best.htm

[48]
‘Bestiare. A web exhibition of images of animals from illuminated manuscripts.’ [Online]. Available: http://expositions.bnf.fr/bestiaire/index.htm

[49]
‘An English fifteenth-century bestiary online’. [Online]. Available: http://www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/manus/221/eng/

[50]
‘Animal Wiki’. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal

[51]
‘Paws, Pee and Mice: Cats among Medieval Manuscripts | medievalfragments’. [Online]. Available: http://medievalfragments.wordpress.com/2013/02/22/paws-pee-and-mice-cats-among-medieval-manuscripts/

[52]
‘CUL Witchcraft Collection - Collection Overview’. [Online]. Available: http://digital.library.cornell.edu/w/witch/index.html

[53]
‘The Art of the Middle Ages’. [Online]. Available: http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHmedieval.html

[54]
‘Medieval Realms’. [Online]. Available: http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/medieval/medievalrealms.html

[55]
‘Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages Oxford Reference’. [Online]. Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780227679319.001.0001/acref-9780227679319

[56]
‘ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies’. [Online]. Available: https://the-orb.arlima.net/

[57]
‘Medieval Sourcebook’. [Online]. Available: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/sbook.asp

[58]
‘The Labyrinth’. .

[59]
‘CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Home’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/

[60]
‘History of Medieval & Renaissance Europe: Primary Documents - EuroDocs’. [Online]. Available: https://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Medieval_and_Renaissance_Europe:_Primary_Documents

[61]
‘History Sourcebooks:The Golden Legend (Aurea Legenda) Compiled by Jacobus de Voragine, 1275 Englished by William Caxton, 1483’. [Online]. Available: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/

[62]
‘Erik Kwakkel’. [Online]. Available: http://erikkwakkel.tumblr.com/

[63]
W. Wetherbee and Bernard Silvestris, The Cosmographia of Bernardus Silvestris, vol. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

[64]
Alan of Lille, J. J. Sheridan, and Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, The plaint of nature, vol. Mediaeval sources in translation. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1980.

[65]
History of Science: The book of beasts: Contents. [Online]. Available: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/HistSciTech.Bestiary

[66]
‘SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Home’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/summa/

[67]
Albertus Magnus Saint and J. J. Scanlan, Man and the beasts: De animalibus (books 22-26), vol. Medieval&Renaissance texts&studies. Binghampton, N.Y.: Centre for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies at the State University of New York at Binghampton, 1987.

[68]
G. L. Greco and C. M. Rose, The Good Wife’s Guide (Le Ménagier de Paris): A Medieval Household Book. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012 [Online]. Available: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931553676304761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,The%20good%20wife%27s%20guide%20%3D:%20Le%20m%C3%A9nagier%20de%20Paris%20:%20a%20medieval%20household%20book&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9040331638475589425&offset=0

[69]
Frederick, Wood, Casey A., and Fyfe, F. Marjorie, The art of falconry: being the De arte venandi cum avibus of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1943.

[70]
John of Salisbury and J. B. Pike, Frivolities of courtiers and footprints of philosophers: being a translation of the first, second, and third books and selections from the seventh and eighth books of the Polycraticus of John of Salisbury. New York: Octagon Books, 1972.

[71]
W. A. Neilson, ‘Gawain and the Green Knight (c.1375-1400)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/sggk_neilson.pdf

[72]
Adelard, Burnett, Charles, Ronca, Italo, Mantas España, Pedro, and Abeele, Baudouin van den, Adelard of Bath, conversations with his nephew: On the same and the different, Questions on natural science, and On birds, vol. Cambridge medieval classics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[73]
Albertus and Scanlan, James J., Man and the beasts: De animalibus (books 22-26), vol. Medieval&Renaissance texts&studies. Binghampton, N.Y.: Centre for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies at the State University of New York at Binghampton, 1987.

[74]
Albertus, Resnick, Irven Michael, and Kitchell, Kenneth, Questions concerning Aristotle’s On animals, vol. The fathers of the church. Mediaeval continuation. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2008.

[75]
‘CHURCH FATHERS: City of God, Book XVIII (St. Augustine)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120118.htm

[76]
‘Marie de France: Lais’. [Online]. Available: http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/jshoaf/Marie/

[77]
G. of Wales, ‘Part II’, in The history and topography of Ireland, Rev. ed., vol. Penguin classics, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982, pp. 69–76.

[78]
Marie and Spiegel, Harriet, Fables, vol. Toronto medieval texts and translations. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987.

[79]
Owen, D. D. R., The romance of Reynard the fox, vol. The world’s classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

[80]
‘CHURCH FATHERS: City of God, Book XVI (St. Augustine)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120116.htm

[81]
A. Orchard, ‘The Wonders of the East’, in Pride and prodigies: studies in the monsters of the Beowulf-manuscript, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1995, pp. 185–203.

[82]
Gervase, Banks, S. E., and Binns, J. W., Otia imperialia: recreation for an emperor, vol. Oxford medieval texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.

[83]
Marco Polo, Marco Polo, The Travels. .

[84]
‘Sir Orfeo (late 13th or early 14th century)’. [Online]. Available: http://d.lib.rochester.edu/robbins

[85]
Stone, Brian, Medieval English Verse. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964.

[86]
Bryant, Nigel, Perceforest: the prehistory of King Arthur’s Britain, vol. Arthurian studies. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2011.

[87]
‘Sir Gowther’. [Online]. Available: http://www.eleusinianm.co.uk/ScotMS/sm1sirgowther.html

[88]
‘CHURCH FATHERS: City of God, Book IX (St. Augustine)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120109.htm

[89]
‘SUMMA THEOLOGICA: The assaults of the demons (Prima Pars, Q. 114)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1114.htm

[90]
C. of Heisterbach, ‘Book V (Demons)’, in Dialogue on Miracles, London: Routledge, 1929, pp. 313–390.

[91]
Rubin, Miri, ‘The Possession of Blessed Jordan of Saxony (1190-1237)’, in Medieval Christianity in practice, vol. Princeton readings in religions, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14940873370004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

[92]
Shinners, John Raymond, ‘German Encounters with Demons (1280s)’, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, 2nd ed., vol. Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures, Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2007.

[93]
R. Kieckhefer, Forbidden rites: a necromancer’s manual of the fifteenth century, vol. Magic in history. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.

[94]
A. C. Kors, E. Peters, and A. C. Kors, Witchcraft in Europe, 400-1700: a documentary history, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.

[95]
John Raymond Shinners 1954-, ‘Bernard of Gui on Sorcery (c.1323)’, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500 : a reader / edited by John Shinners., pp. 242–245.

[96]
P. G. Maxwell-Stuart, ‘Literature on magic and witches (ca. 1270-1475).’, in Witch beliefs and witch trials in the Middle Ages : documents and readings / P.G. Maxwell-Stuart., pp. 47–128 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburymedievalstudies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781472599346&tocid=b-9781472599346-partII&pdfid=9781472599346.0006.pdf

[97]
P. G. Maxwell-Stuart, ‘Trials of Witches and other workers of magic - Conducted by inquisitors (1245-1499)’, in Witch beliefs and witch trials in the Middle Ages : documents and readings / P.G. Maxwell-Stuart., pp. 141–170 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburymedievalstudies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781472599346&tocid=b-9781472599346-partIII&pdfid=9781472599346.0007.pdf

[98]
P. G. Maxwell-Stuart, ‘Trials of Witches and other workers of magic - Conducted by secular courts (1304-1496)’, in Witch beliefs and witch trials in the Middle Ages : documents and readings / P.G. Maxwell-Stuart., pp. 175–215 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburymedievalstudies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781472599346&tocid=b-9781472599346-partIV&pdfid=9781472599346.0008.pdf

[99]
R. de Ledrede, L. S. Davidson, and J. O. Ward, The sorcery trial of Alice Kyteler: a contemporary account (1324) together with related documents in English translation with introduction and notes. Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1993.

[100]
D. Mammoli, The Record of the Trial and Condemnation of a Witch, Matteuccia di Francesco, at Todi, 20 March 1428. Roma, 1972 [Online]. Available: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/5163283?style=html&title=The%20record%20of%20the%20trial%20and%20condemnation%20of%20a%20witch%2C

[101]
Duni Matteo., ‘Bernadina Stadera and the demon in the glass sphere (1499)’, in Under the Devil’s Spell: Witches, Sorcerers, and the Inquisition in Renaissance Italy, Florence. Italy: Syracuse University, Florence, 2007, pp. 80–83.

[102]
‘Stephen de Bourbon, De Supersticione (On Superstition) (1240-62).’ [Online]. Available: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/guinefort.asp

[103]
J. R. Shinners, ‘The Inquisition of Arnold Cogal (from The Inquisition register of Jacques Fournier, 1318-25)’, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, 2nd ed., vol. Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures, Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2007.

[104]
Francis and M. A. Habig, St. Francis of Assisi: writings and early biographies: English omnibus of the sources for the life of St. Francis, 4th rev. ed. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1991.

[105]
‘Saints and dragons: The Golden Legend. Compiled by Jacobus de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, 1275.’ [Online]. Available: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume3.asp

[106]
‘Bernard of Clairvaux, Apologia (1125)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/bernard1.asp

[107]
T. M. Thibodeau, ‘Of the pictures, curtains, and ornaments of the Church’, in The Rationale divinorum officiorum of William Durand of Mende: a new translation of the prologue and book one, vol. Records of western civilization, New York: Columbia University Press, 2010, pp. 32–48.

[108]
‘Batman vppon Bartholome his booke De proprietatibus rerum, newly corrected, enlarged and amended: with such additions as are requisite, vnto euery seuerall booke: taken foorth of the most approued authors, the like heretofore not translated in English. Profitable for all estates, as well for the benefite of the mind as the bodie. 1582.’ [Online]. Available: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A05237.0001.001/1:12.3?rgn=div2;view=fulltext

[109]
R. Bartlett, The natural and the supernatural in the Middle Ages: the Wiles lecture given at the Queen’s University of Belfast, 2006, vol. The Wiles lectures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

[110]
Watkins, C. S., History and the supernatural in medieval England, vol. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496257

[111]
Lewis, C. S., The discarded image: an introduction to medieval and Renaissance literature. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press, 1964.

[112]
Ingold, Tim, What is an animal?, vol. One world archaeology. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.

[113]
A. Murray, ‘Nature and Man in the Middle Ages’, in The concept of nature : the Herbert Spencer Lectures / edited by J. Torrance, .

[114]
M. D. Chenu, ‘Nature and Man’, in Nature, man, and society in the twelfth century: essays on new theological perspectives in the Latin West, Phoenix ed., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979, pp. 1–48.

[115]
Glacken, Clarence J., Traces on the Rhodian shore: nature and culture in Western thought from ancient times to the end of the eighteenth century, vol. Campus. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1967.

[116]
S. Epstein, The medieval discovery of nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012 [Online]. Available: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1017/CBO9781139207768

[117]
Livesey, Steven John, ‘Entries on Nature’, in Medieval science, technology and medicine: an encyclopedia, vol. Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages, New York: Routledge, 2005.

[118]
W. J. Brandt, ‘The medieval view of nature’, in The shape of medieval history : studies in modes of perception / by William J. Brandt, .

[119]
D. J. Herlihy, ‘Attitudes toward the Environment in Medieval Society’, in Historical ecology: essays on environment and social change, Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1980 [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb01486.0001.001

[120]
R. C. Hoffman, ‘Homo et Natura, Homo in Natura’, in Engaging with nature: essays on the natural world in medieval and early modern Europe, Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2008.

[121]
B. M. S. CAMPBELL, ‘Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre-industrial England’, The Economic History Review, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 281–314, May 2010, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00492.x.

[122]
R. C. Hoffman, ‘Carp, Cods, Connections New Fisheries in the Medieval European Economy and Environment’, in Animals in human histories: the mirror of nature and culture, vol. Studies in comparative history, Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2002, pp. 3–55.

[123]
Laszlovszky, József and Szabó, Péter, People and nature in historical perspective, vol. CEU medievalia. Budapest: Central European University, Department of Medieval Studies & Archaeolingua, 2003.

[124]
E. Grant, The nature of natural philosophy in the late Middle Ages, vol. Studies in philosophy and the history of philosophy. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2010 [Online]. Available: https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/j.ctt284vbb

[125]
M. H. Shank, ‘Natural Knowledge in the Latin Middle Ages’, in Wrestling with nature: from omens to science, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.

[126]
J. Kaye, Economy and nature in the fourteenth century: money, market exchange, and the emergence of scientific thought, vol. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[127]
É. Gilson, ‘Le Moyen Âge et la nature’, in L’Esprit de la philosophie médiévale, Paris: J. Vrin, 1932, pp. 345–364.

[128]
Congrès international de philosophie médiévale, La filosofia della natura nel medioevo. Atti del terzo Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia Medioevale, Passo della Mendola (Trento), 31 agosto-5 settembre 1964. Milano: Società editrice Vita e pensiero, 1966.

[129]
W. Wetherbee and Bernard Silvestris, The Cosmographia of Bernardus Silvestris, vol. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

[130]
Alan of Lille, J. J. Sheridan, and Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, The plaint of nature, vol. Mediaeval sources in translation. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1980.

[131]
B. Newman, God and the goddesses: vision, poetry, and belief in the Middle Ages, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.

[132]
G. D. Economou, The goddess Natura in medieval literature. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1972.

[133]
F. J. E. Raby, ‘Nuda Natura and Twelfth-Century Cosmology’, Speculum, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 72–77, 1968 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2854799

[134]
Edgar C. Knowlton, ‘The Goddess Nature in Early Periods’, The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 224–253, 1920 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27701000

[135]
B. Stock, Myth and Science in the Twelfth Century: A Study of Bernard Silvester, vol. 1310. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015 [Online]. Available: https://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=15344374580004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

[136]
P. Dronke, Ed., A History of Twelfth-Century Western Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597916

[137]
W. Wetherbee and W. Wetherbee, Platonism and Poetry in the Twelfth Century: The Literary Influence of the School of Chartres, vol. 1827. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400873036

[138]
P. Dronke, Ed., A History of Twelfth-Century Western Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597916

[139]
G. R. Evans, Alan of Lille: The Frontiers of Theology in the Later Twelfth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511555220

[140]
W. Otten, From paradise to paradigm: a study of twelfth-century humanism, vol. Brill’s studies in intellectual history. Leiden: Brill, 2004.

[141]
W. J. Brandt, The shape of medieval history: studies in modes of perception. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.

[142]
Joan Cadden, ‘Science and Rhetoric in the Middle Ages: The Natural Philosophy of William of Conches’, Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 1–24, 1995 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2710004

[143]
W. B. Clark, A medieval book of beasts: the second-family bestiary ; commentary, art, text and translation. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006.

[144]
‘Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologica’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/summa/

[145]
D. Yamamoto, The boundaries of the human in medieval English literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

[146]
A. Linzey and D. Yamamoto, Animals on the agenda: questions about animals for theology and ethics. London: SCM, 1998.

[147]
S. Crane, Animal encounters: contacts and concepts in medieval Britain, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

[148]
Boehrer, Bruce Thomas, A cultural history of animals in the Renaissance, vol. A cultural history of animals. Oxford: Berg, 2007 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburyculturalhistory-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia?docid=b-9781350049550

[149]
L. A. J. R. Houwen, Animals and the symbolic in mediaeval art and literature, vol. Mediaevalia Groningana. Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1997.

[150]
F. McCulloch, Mediaeval Latin and French bestiaries, [Rev. ed.]., vol. University of North Carolina. Studies in the Romance languages and literatures. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962.

[151]
W. B. Clark, A medieval book of beasts: the second-family bestiary ; commentary, art, text and translation. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006.

[152]
R. Barber and Bodleian Library, Bestiary: being an English version of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, M.S. Bodley 764 with all the original miniatures reproduced in facsimile. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1993.

[153]
Clark, Willene B. and MacMunn, Meradith T., Beasts and birds of the Middle Ages: the bestiary and its legacy, vol. Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.

[154]
George, W. and B. Yapp, ‘The Naming of the Beasts’, Nature, 1991 [Online]. Available: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v352/n6338/pdf/352766a0.pdf

[155]
Debra Hassig, Medieval bestiaries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

[156]
D. H. Strickland, The mark of the beast: the medieval bestiary in art, life, and literature, vol. Garland reference library of the humanities. New York: Garland Pub, 1999.

[157]
Rowland, Beryl, Animals with human faces: a guide to animal symbolism. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1973.

[158]
Baxter, Ron, Bestiaries and their users in the Middle Ages. Stroud: Sutton [in association with the] Courtauld Institute, 1998.

[159]
N. C. Flores, Animals in the Middle Ages, vol. Garland reference library of the humanities. New York: Garland, 1996.

[160]
Gerhart B. Ladner, ‘Medieval and Modern Understanding of Symbolism: A Comparison’, Speculum, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 223–256, 1979 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2854972

[161]
M.-D. Chenu, L. J. Taylor, and L. K. Little, Nature, man, and society in the twelfth century: essays on new theological perspectives in the Latin West, Phoenix ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

[162]
S. Cohen, ‘Animals as disguised symbols in Renaissance art’, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=Animals as disguised symbols in Renaissance art&rn=1

[163]
Hugh and Clark, Willene B., The medieval book of birds: Hugh of Fouilloy’s Aviarium, vol. Medieval and Renaissance texts and studies. Binghamton, NY: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1992.

[164]
Ohly, Friedrich, Jaffe, Samuel P., and Northcott, Kenneth J., Sensus spiritualis: studies in medieval significs and the philology of culture. Chicago, [Ill.]: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

[165]
Albertus Magnus Saint and J. J. Scanlan, Man and the beasts: De animalibus (books 22-26), vol. Medieval&Renaissance texts&studies. Binghampton, N.Y.: Centre for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies at the State University of New York at Binghampton, 1987.

[166]
G. L. Greco and C. M. Rose, The Good Wife’s Guide (Le Ménagier de Paris): A Medieval Household Book. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012 [Online]. Available: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931553676304761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,The%20good%20wife%27s%20guide%20%3D:%20Le%20m%C3%A9nagier%20de%20Paris%20:%20a%20medieval%20household%20book&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9040331638475589425&offset=0

[167]
K. Steel, How to make a human: animals and violence in the Middle Ages, vol. Interventions : new studies in medieval culture. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2011.

[168]
J. E. Salisbury, The beast within: animals in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 1994.

[169]
E. Pascua, ‘From Forest to Farm and Town: Domestic Animals from ca. 1000 to ca. 1450’, in A cultural history of animals in the medieval age / edited by Brigitte Resl., [Online]. Available: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.5040/9781350049512

[170]
Pluskowski, Aleksander, Breaking and shaping beastly bodies: animals as material culture in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxbow, 2007 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dqx6

[171]
J. Clutton-Brock and British Museum (Natural History), Domesticated animals from early times. London: Heinemann, 1981.

[172]
S. Budiansky, The covenant of the wild: why animals chose domestication. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1994.

[173]
J. Langdon, Horses, oxen and technological innovation: the use of draught animals in English farming from 1066 to 1500, vol. Past and present publications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

[174]
A. Hyland, The horse in the middle ages. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999.

[175]
G. G. Astill and A. Grant, The countryside of medieval England. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.

[176]
E. M. Veale and London Record Society, The English fur trade in the later Middle Ages, 2nd ed., vol. London Record Society publications. London: London Record Society, 2003.

[177]
Richard C. Hoffmann, ‘Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe’, The American Historical Review, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 631–669, 1996 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2169418

[178]
K. Biddick, The other economy: pastoral husbandry on a medieval estate. Berkeley: University of California Press.

[179]
C. M. Woolgar, D. Serjeantson, and T. Waldron, Food in medieval England: diet and nutrition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

[180]
J. Howe and M. Wolfe, Inventing medieval landscapes: senses of place in Western Europe. Gainesville, Fla: University Press of Florida, 2002.

[181]
Smith C, Dogs, cats and horses in the Scottish medieval town. 1998.

[182]
Holsinger, B, ‘Of Pigs and Parchment: Medieval Studies and the Coming of the Animal’, PMLA Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 122, no. 2, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25614305

[183]
Walker-Meikle, Kathleen, Medieval pets. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2012 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt1x738m

[184]
S. Hartmann and International Medieval Congress, Fauna and flora in the Middle Ages: studies of the medieval environment and its impact on the human mind : papers delivered at the International Medieval Congress, Leeds, in 2000, 2001 and 2002, vol. Beihefte zur Mediaevistik. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2007.

[185]
L. Kiser, ‘Animals in Medieval Sports, Entertainments and Menageries (Ch 4)’, in A Cultural History of Animals, [Online]. Available: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.5040/9781350049512

[186]
K. Figg, ‘Froissart’s “Debate of the Horse and the Greyhound”’, in Marvels, Monsters and Miracles, .

[187]
Frederick, Wood, Casey A., and Fyfe, F. Marjorie, The art of falconry: being the De arte venandi cum avibus of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1943.

[188]
‘John of Salisbury, Frivolities of Courtiers and Footprints of Philosophers’. [Online]. Available: http://www.constitution.org/salisbury/policrat123.htm

[189]
W. A. Neilson, ‘Gawain and the Green Knight (c.1375-1400)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/sggk_neilson.pdf

[190]
WILLIAM CHESTER JORDAN, ‘Count Robert’s "Pet” Wolf’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society’. [Online]. Available: http://www.amphilsoc.org/sites/default/files/proceedings/1554threeJordan.pdf

[191]
W. Schlag, M. Thomas, F. Avril, and Gaston, The hunting book of Gaston Phébus: manuscrit français 616, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, vol. Manuscripts in miniature. London: Harvey Miller, 1998.

[192]
Marcelle Thiébaux, ‘The Mediaeval Chase’, Speculum, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 260–274, 1967 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2854676

[193]
D. Yamamoto, The boundaries of the human in medieval English literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

[194]
S. Crane, Animal encounters: contacts and concepts in medieval Britain, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

[195]
Almond, Richard, Medieval hunting. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

[196]
Cummins, John, The hound and the hawk: the art of medieval hunting. London: Phoenix, 2001.

[197]
A. Smets and B. van den Abeele, ‘Medieval Hunting’, in A cultural history of animals in the medieval age, vol. A cultural history of animals, Oxford: Berg, 2007 [Online]. Available: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.5040/9781350049512

[198]
Oggins, Robin S., The kings and their hawks: Falconry in medieval England. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.

[199]
R. HANDS, ‘"The names of all manner og hawks, and to whom they belong”’, Notes and Queries, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 85–88, Mar. 1971, doi: 10.1093/nq/18-3-85.

[200]
Jean Birrell, ‘Deer and Deer Farming in Medieval England’, The Agricultural History Review, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 112–126, 1992 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40274881

[201]
B. Hanawalt, ‘Men’s Games, King’s Deer: Poaching in Medieval England’, in ’Of good and ill repute’ : gender and social control in medieval England / Barbara A. Hanawalt, .

[202]
N. J. Sykes, ‘The Impact of the Normans on Hunting Practices in England’, in Food in medieval England : diet and nutrition / edited by C.M. Woolgar, D. Serjeantson, and T. Waldron., [Online]. Available: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS001106200&indx=2&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS001106200&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=3&dscnt=1&vl(50210315UI1)=creator&vl(50210261UI0)=title&vl(drEndMonth5)=00&scp.scps=scope%253A%2528UCL%2529%252Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&dstmp=1377252976345&srt=rank&vl(drStartMonth5)=00&mode=Advanced&vl(1UIStartWith1)=contains&tb=t&vl(drStartYear5)=Year&vl(freeText0)=Food%2520in%2520Medieval%2520England&vl(50210435UI2)=any&vid=UCL_VU1&vl(freeText2)=2006&vl(drStartDay5)=00&title1=1&frbg=&vl(1UIStartWith2)=contains&vl(18346185UI4)=all_items&dum=true&vl(2235576UI3)=all_items&vl(drEndDay5)=00&vl(1UIStartWith0)=contains&Submit=Search&vl(drEndYear5)=Year&vl(freeText1)=

[203]
Jean Birrell, ‘Deer and Deer Farming in Medieval England’, The Agricultural History Review, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 112–126, 1992 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40274881

[204]
Pluskowski, Aleksander, Wolves and the wilderness in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006.

[205]
Thiébaux, Marcelle, The stag of love: the chase in medieval literature. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1287dcz

[206]
William F. Woods, ‘Nature and the Inner Man in “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”’, The Chaucer Review, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 209–227, 2002 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25096166

[207]
A. Pluskowski, ‘Communicating through Skin and Bone: Appropriating Animal Bodies in Medieval Western European Seigneurial Culture’, in Breaking and shaping beastly bodies : animals as material culture in the Middle Ages / edited by Aleksander Pluskowski., 2007.

[208]
C. Donahue Jr., ‘Animalia Ferae Naturae: Rome, Bologna, Leyden, Oxford and Queen’s County, N.Y.’, in Studies in Roman law in memory of A. Arthur Schiller / edited by Roger S. Bagnall and William V. Harris, pp. 39–64.

[209]
Adelard, Burnett, Charles, Ronca, Italo, Mantas España, Pedro, and Abeele, Baudouin van den, Adelard of Bath, conversations with his nephew: On the same and the different, Questions on natural science, and On birds, vol. Cambridge medieval classics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[210]
Albertus and Scanlan, James J., Man and the beasts: De animalibus (books 22-26), vol. Medieval&Renaissance texts&studies. Binghampton, N.Y.: Centre for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies at the State University of New York at Binghampton, 1987.

[211]
Albertus, Resnick, Irven Michael, and Kitchell, Kenneth, Questions concerning Aristotle’s On animals, vol. The fathers of the church. Mediaeval continuation. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2008.

[212]
P. G. Sobel, ‘The Shadow of Reason: Explanations of Intelligent Animal Behaviour in the Thirteenth Century’, in The medieval world of nature : a book of essays / edited by Joyce E. Salisbury., .

[213]
P. De Leemans and M. Klemm, ‘Animals and Anthropology in Medieval Philosophy’, in A cultural history of animals in the medieval age / edited by Brigitte Resl., [Online]. Available: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.5040/9781350049512

[214]
P. Buellens, ‘Like a Book Written by God’s Finger. Animals Showing the Path toward God’, in A cultural history of animals in the medieval age / edited by Brigitte Resl., pp. 127–151 [Online]. Available: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.5040/9781350049512

[215]
B. Ashley, ‘St. Albert and the Nature of Natural Science’, in Albertus Magnus and the sciences : commemorative essays, 1980 / edited by James A. Weisheipl., .

[216]
Steel, Carlos G., Guldentops, Guy, and Beullens, Pieter, Aristotle’s animals in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, vol. Mediaevalia Lovaniensia. Series 1, Studia. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/41266

[217]
R. Sorabji, Animal minds and human morals: the origins of the Western debate. London: Duckworth, 1993 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhkqr

[218]
J. A. Weisheipl, ‘Aristotle’s Concept of Nature: Avicenna and Aquinas’, in Approaches to nature in the Middle Ages : papers of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies / edited by Lawrence D. Roberts, pp. 137–160.

[219]
Weisheipl, James A. and Carroll, William E., Nature and motion in the Middle Ages, vol. Studies in philosophy and the history of philosophy. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1997.

[220]
J. E. Murdoch, ‘The analytical character of late medieval learning: Natural Philosophy without Nature’, in Approaches to nature in the Middle Ages : papers of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies / edited by Lawrence D. Roberts, .

[221]
E. Grant, ‘Medieval natural philosophy, Aristotelians and Aristotelianism’, in The foundations of modern science in the Middle Ages : their religious, institutional, and intellectual contexts / Edward Grant, .

[222]
M. H. Shank, ‘Natural Knowledge in the Latin Middle Ages’, in Wrestling with nature: from omens to science, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.

[223]
J. Stannard, ‘Natural history’, in Science in the Middle Ages / edited by David C. Lindberg., .

[224]
G. Guildentops, ‘The Sagacity of Bees. An Aristotelian Topos in Thirteenth-Century Philosophy’, in Aristotle’s animals in the Middle Ages and Renaissance / edited by Carlos Steel, Guy Guldentops, Pieter Beullens., pp. 275–296 [Online]. Available: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/41266

[225]
E. E. Leach, Sung birds: music, nature, and poetry in the later Middle Ages. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv2n7kcz

[226]
St. A. Bishop of Hippo and W. M. Green, The city of God against the pagans: Vol.7: Books 21-22, vol. The Loeb classical library. London: Heinemann, 1972.

[227]
G. S. Burgess and Marie, The Lais of Marie de France: text and context. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987 [Online]. Available: http://users.clas.ufl.edu/jshoaf/Marie/

[228]
G. of Wales, ‘Part II’, in The history and topography of Ireland, Rev. ed., vol. Penguin classics, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982, pp. 69–76.

[229]
Marie and Spiegel, Harriet, Fables, vol. Toronto medieval texts and translations. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987.

[230]
Owen, D. D. R., The romance of Reynard the fox, vol. The world’s classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

[231]
Caroline Walker Bynum, ‘Metamorphosis, or Gerald and the Werewolf’, Speculum, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 987–1013, 1998 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2887366

[232]
C. W. Bynum, Metamorphosis and identity. New York: Zone Books, 2001.

[233]
R. Bartlett, Gerald of Wales: 1145-1223, vol. Oxford historical monographs. Oxford: Clarendon, 1982.

[234]
J. E. Salisbury, The beast within: animals in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 1994.

[235]
Crane, S, How to Translate a Werewolf - The Medieval Translator 10. 2007.

[236]
L. A. Sconduto, Guillaume de Palerne: an English translation of the 12th century French verse romance. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2004.

[237]
Otten, Charlotte F., A Lycanthropy reader: werewolves in Western culture, 1st ed. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1986.

[238]
A. Pluskowski, Wolves and the wilderness in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006.

[239]
J. Salisbury, ‘Human animals of Medieval Fables’, in Animals in the Middle Ages, vol. Garland reference library of the humanities, New York: Garland, 1996.

[240]
J. E. Salisbury, The beast within: animals in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 1994.

[241]
D. Yamamoto, The boundaries of the human in medieval English literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

[242]
J. Mann, From Aesop to Reynard: beast literature in medieval Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://academic.oup.com/book/26997

[243]
J. J. Cohen, ‘Inventing with animals in the Middle Ages’, in Engaging with nature : essays on the natural world in medieval and early modern Europe / Barbara A. Hanawalt and Lisa J. Kiser, editors., pp. 39–62 [Online]. Available: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS001207458&indx=1&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS001207458&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&vl(50210315UI1)=cdate&vl(50210261UI0)=title&vl(drEndMonth5)=00&scp.scps=scope%253A%2528UCL%2529%252Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&dstmp=1377689772947&srt=rank&vl(drStartMonth5)=00&mode=Advanced&vl(1UIStartWith1)=contains&tb=t&vl(drStartYear5)=Year&vl(freeText0)=Engaging%2520With%2520Nature%2520&vl(50210435UI2)=creator&vid=UCL_VU1&vl(freeText2)=&vl(drStartDay5)=00&title1=1&frbg=&vl(1UIStartWith2)=contains&vl(18346185UI4)=all_items&dum=true&vl(2235576UI3)=all_items&vl(drEndDay5)=00&vl(1UIStartWith0)=contains&Submit=Search&vl(drEndYear5)=Year&vl(freeText1)=2008

[244]
L. Kordecki, ‘Losing the monster and recovering the non-human in fable(d) subjectivity’, in Animals and the symbolic in mediaeval art and literature / edited by L.A.J.R. Houwen., pp. 1–23 [Online]. Available: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS000964388&indx=1&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS000964388&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&vl(50210315UI1)=cdate&vl(50210261UI0)=title&vl(drEndMonth5)=00&scp.scps=scope%253A%2528UCL%2529%252Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&dstmp=1377689992762&srt=rank&vl(drStartMonth5)=00&mode=Advanced&vl(1UIStartWith1)=contains&tb=t&vl(drStartYear5)=Year&vl(freeText0)=Animals%2520and%2520the%2520Symbolic%2520&vl(50210435UI2)=creator&vid=UCL_VU1&vl(freeText2)=&vl(drStartDay5)=00&title1=1&frbg=&vl(1UIStartWith2)=contains&vl(18346185UI4)=all_items&dum=true&vl(2235576UI3)=all_items&vl(drEndDay5)=00&vl(1UIStartWith0)=contains&Submit=Search&vl(drEndYear5)=Year&vl(freeText1)=1997

[245]
D. A. Sprunger, ‘Parodic animal physicians from the margins of medieval manuscripts’, in Animals in the Middle Ages / edited by Nona C. Flores., pp. 867–884.

[246]
Ziolkowski, Jan M., Talking animals: medieval Latin beast poetry, 750-1150, vol. Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4s7mtw

[247]
Varty, Kenneth, Reynard, Renart, Reinaert and other foxes in medieval England: the iconographic evidence: a study of the illustrating of fox lore and Reynard the Fox stories in England during the Middle Ages, followed by a brief survey of their fortunes in post-medieval times. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1999.

[248]
Thiébaux, Marcelle, The stag of love: the chase in medieval literature. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1287dcz

[249]
Augustine and Walsh, P. G., De civitate Dei: Books VI & VII, vol. Aris&Phillips classical texts. [Warminster]: Aris & Phillips, 2010.

[250]
A. Orchard, ‘The Wonders of the East’, in Pride and prodigies: studies in the monsters of the Beowulf-manuscript, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1995, pp. 185–203.

[251]
Gervase, Banks, S. E., and Binns, J. W., Otia imperialia: recreation for an emperor, vol. Oxford medieval texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.

[252]
Marco Polo, Marco Polo, The Travels. .

[253]
K. Steel, ‘Centaurs, Satyrs, and Cynocephali: Medieval Scholarly Teratology and the Question of the Human’, in The Ashgate research companion to monsters and the monstrous / edited by Asa Simon Mittman with Peter J. Dendle., .

[254]
J. B. Friedman, The monstrous races in medieval art and thought. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1981 [Online]. Available: https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/j.ctv170x50r

[255]
Rudolf Wittkower, ‘Marvels of the East. A Study in the History of Monsters’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, vol. 5, pp. 159–197, 1942 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/750452

[256]
G Austin, ‘Marvelous Peoples or Marvelous Races? Race and Anglo-Saxon Wonders of the East’, in Marvels, monsters, and miracles : studies in the medieval and early modern imaginations / edited by Timothy S. Jones and David A. Sprunger., .

[257]
Strickland, D. H, ‘Monstrosity and Race in the Late Middle Ages’’, in The Ashgate research companion to monsters and the monstrous / edited by Asa Simon Mittman with Peter J. Dendle., .

[258]
D. M. Oswald, ‘The indecent bodies of the Wonders of the East’, in Monsters, gender, and sexuality in medieval English literature / Dana Oswald., .

[259]
Kim, S.M, ‘Man-eating Monsters and Ants as Big as Dogs’, in Animals and the symbolic in mediaeval art and literature / edited by L.A.J.R. Houwen., [Online]. Available: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS000964388&indx=1&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS000964388&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&vl(50210315UI1)=cdate&vl(50210261UI0)=title&vl(drEndMonth5)=00&scp.scps=scope%253A%2528UCL%2529%252Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&dstmp=1377698632342&srt=rank&vl(drStartMonth5)=00&mode=Advanced&vl(1UIStartWith1)=contains&tb=t&vl(drStartYear5)=Year&vl(freeText0)=Animals%2520and%2520the%2520Symbolic%2520in%2520Mediaeval%2520Art%2520and%2520Literature%2520&vl(50210435UI2)=creator&vid=UCL_VU1&vl(freeText2)=&vl(drStartDay5)=00&title1=1&frbg=&vl(1UIStartWith2)=contains&vl(18346185UI4)=all_items&dum=true&vl(2235576UI3)=all_items&vl(drEndDay5)=00&vl(1UIStartWith0)=contains&Submit=Search&vl(drEndYear5)=Year&vl(freeText1)=1997

[260]
A. Orchard, Pride and prodigies: studies in the monsters of the Beowulf-manuscript. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1995.

[261]
Caroline Walker Bynum, ‘Wonder’, The American Historical Review, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 1–26, 1997 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2171264

[262]
L. Daston and K. Park, Wonders and the order of nature, 1150-1750. New York: Zone Books, 1998.

[263]
J. Le Goff, The medieval imagination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

[264]
C. S. Watkins, History and the supernatural in medieval England, vol. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496257

[265]
R. Bartlett, The natural and the supernatural in the Middle Ages: the Wiles lecture given at the Queen’s University of Belfast, 2006, vol. The Wiles lectures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

[266]
Gravestock, P, ‘Did Imaginary Animals exist?’, in The mark of the beast : the medieval bestiary in art, life, and literature / edited by Debra Hassig, [Online]. Available: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS000164626&indx=1&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS000164626&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&vl(50210315UI1)=cdate&vl(50210261UI0)=title&vl(drEndMonth5)=00&scp.scps=scope%253A%2528UCL%2529%252Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&dstmp=1377700057513&srt=rank&vl(drStartMonth5)=00&mode=Advanced&vl(1UIStartWith1)=contains&tb=t&vl(drStartYear5)=Year&vl(freeText0)=The%2520Mark%2520of%2520the%2520Beast%253A%2520the%2520Medieval%2520Bestiary%2520in%2520Art&vl(50210435UI2)=creator&vid=UCL_VU1&vl(freeText2)=&vl(drStartDay5)=00&title1=1&frbg=&vl(1UIStartWith2)=contains&vl(18346185UI4)=all_items&dum=true&vl(2235576UI3)=all_items&vl(drEndDay5)=00&vl(1UIStartWith0)=contains&Submit=Search&vl(drEndYear5)=Year&vl(freeText1)=1999

[267]
A. G. Engstrom, ‘The Monster in Medieval Literature’, in Studies in honor of Alfred G. Engstrom, vol. University of North Carolina. Studies in the Romance languages and literatures, R. T. Cargo and E. J. Mickel, Eds. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972, pp. 53–62.

[268]
T. S. Jones and D. A. Sprunger, Marvels, monsters, and miracles: studies in the medieval and early modern imaginations, vol. Studies in medieval culture. Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications, 2002.

[269]
Pluskowski, A. G, ‘Constructing exotic animals and environments in late medieval Britain’, in The unorthodox imagination in late medieval Britain / edited by Sophie Page., .

[270]
A. Pluskowski, ‘Narwhals or Unicorns? Exotic Animals as Material Culture in Medieval Europe’, European Journal of Archaeology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 291–313, Dec. 2004, doi: 10.1177/1461957104056505.

[271]
J. F. Cherry, Mythical beasts. London: Published for the trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press, 1995.

[272]
R. Wittkower, ‘Marco Polo and the Pictorial Tradition of the Marvels of the East’, in Allegory and the migration of symbols, vol. The collected essays of Rudolf Wittkower, London: Thames and Hudson, 1987, pp. 76–92.

[273]
Scott D. Westrem, ‘Alexander, Biologist: Oriental Monstrosities in the Epistola Alexandri ad Aristotelem’, in Discovering new worlds: Essays on medieval exploration and imagination, New York: Garland, 1991, pp. 16–30 [Online]. Available: http://copac.ac.uk/search?date=1991&title=Discovering New Worlds &sort-order=ti%2C-date&rn=2

[274]
D. Salter, Holy and noble beasts: encounters with animals in medieval literature. Woodbridge, Suffolk: D.S. Brewer, 2001.

[275]
‘Sir Orfeo (late 13th or early 14th century)’. [Online]. Available: http://d.lib.rochester.edu/robbins

[276]
Stone, Brian, Medieval English Verse. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964.

[277]
Bryant, Nigel, Perceforest: the prehistory of King Arthur’s Britain, vol. Arthurian studies. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2011.

[278]
‘Gawain and the Green Knight (c.1375-1400)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/sggk_neilson.pdf

[279]
‘Sir Gowther’. [Online]. Available: http://www.eleusinianm.co.uk/ScotMS/sm1sirgowther.html

[280]
Yamamoto, Dorothy, The boundaries of the human in medieval English literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

[281]
P. H. Freedman, ‘The representation of peasants as bestial and human’, in The animal-human boundary: historical perspectives, vol. Studies in comparative history, Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2002.

[282]
Bernheimer, Richard, Wild men in the Middle Ages: a study in art, sentiment and demonology. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1952.

[283]
T. Husband, G. Gilmore-House, and Cloisters (Museum), The wild man: medieval myth and symbolism. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1980.

[284]
Bartra, Roger and Berrisford, Carl T., Wild men in the looking glass: the mythic origins of European otherness. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.

[285]
Stock, Lorraine Kochanske, The medieval wild man. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

[286]
White, H, ‘The Forms of Wildness: Archaeology of an Idea’, in The wild man within: an image in western thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1972.

[287]
J. Tchalenko, ‘Earliest wild-man sculptures in France’, Journal of Medieval History, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 217–234, Jan. 1990, doi: 10.1016/0304-4181(90)90003-J.

[288]
Doob, Penelope Reed, Nebuchadnezzar’s children: conventions of madness in Middle English literature. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974.

[289]
Friedman, John Block, Orpheus in the Middle Ages. Cambridge [Mass.]: Harvard University Press, 1970.

[290]
‘Do Centaurs have souls?’, in Animals and the symbolic in mediaeval art and literature, vol. Mediaevalia Groningana, Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1997, pp. 139–154.

[291]
Janson, H. W., Apes and ape lore in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, vol. Studies of the Warburg Institute. London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, 1952.

[292]
J. Le Goff, ‘Melusine: Mother and Pioneer’, in Time, work & culture in the Middle Ages, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

[293]
Maddox, Donald and Sturm-Maddox, Sara, Melusine of Lusignan: founding fiction in late medieval France. Athens (Ga.): University of Georgia press.

[294]
Colwell, T, ‘Mélusine: Ideal Mother or Inimitable Monster?’’, in Love, marriage, and family ties in the later Middle Ages, vol. International medieval research, Turnhout: Brepols, 2003.

[295]
‘Augustine, City of God, book 9’, in The city of God against the pagans, vol. Cambridge texts in the history of political thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 359–389 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511802300

[296]
‘Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologica, part 1’. [Online]. Available: http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1114.htm

[297]
A. Boureau, ‘The liberation of demons: The birth of scholastic demonology’, in Satan the heretic: the birth of demonology in medieval west, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

[298]
P. Dendle, R. Raiswell, and Victoria University (Toronto, Ont.), The devil in society in premodern Europe, vol. Essays and studies. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2012.

[299]
D. Elliott, ‘On angelic disembodiment and the incredible purity of demons’, in Fallen bodies: pollution, sexuality, and demonology in the Middle Ages, vol. The Middle Ages series, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhs1w

[300]
Dendle, Peter, Satan unbound: the devil in Old English narrative literature. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.

[301]
Wolfgang S. Seiferth, ‘The Concept of the Devil and the Myth of the Pact in Literature Prior to Goethe’, Monatshefte, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 271–289, 1952 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30165848

[302]
Petzoldt, Ruth and Neubauer, Paul, Demons: mediators between this world and other: essays on demonic beings from the Middle Ages to the present, vol. Beiträge zur Europäischen Ethnologie und Folklore. Reihe B, Tagungsberichte und Materialien. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1998.

[303]
Russell, Jeffrey Burton, Lucifer: the Devil in the Middle Ages, vol. Cornell paperbacks. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.

[304]
P. King, ‘Augustine and Anselm on Angelic Sin’, in A companion to angels in medieval philosophy, Leiden: Brill, 2012, pp. 261–282 [Online]. Available: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931161792004761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,A%20companion%20to%20angels%20in%20medieval%20philosophy&offset=0

[305]
Cohn, Norman, Europe’s inner demons: the demonization of Christians in medieval Christendom, Rev. ed. London: Pimlico, 1993.

[306]
J. Caro Baroja, ‘Witchcraft and Catholic Theology’, in Early modern European witchcraft: centres and peripheries, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

[307]
Gregg, Joan Young, Devils, women, and Jews: reflections of the other in medieval sermon stories, vol. SUNY series in medieval studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

[308]
L. Daston, ‘Intelligences: Angelic, Animal, Human’, in Thinking with animals: new perspectives on anthropomorphism, New York: Columbia University Press, 2005, pp. 37–58.

[309]
C. of Heisterbach, ‘Book V (Demons)’, in Dialogue on Miracles, London: Routledge, 1929, pp. 313–390.

[310]
Rubin, Miri, ‘The Possession of Blessed Jordan of Saxony (1190-1237)’, in Medieval Christianity in practice, vol. Princeton readings in religions, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14940873370004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

[311]
Shinners, John Raymond, ‘German Encounters with Demons (1280s)’, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, 2nd ed., vol. Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures, Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2007.

[312]
Kieckhefer, Richard, Forbidden rites: A necromancer’s manual of the fifteenth century, vol. Magic in history. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.

[313]
Gregg, Joan Young, Devils, women, and Jews: reflections of the other in medieval sermon stories, vol. SUNY series in medieval studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

[314]
Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., The occult in Mediaeval Europe, 500-1500: a documentary history. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

[315]
N. Caciola, Discerning Spirits. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017 [Online]. Available: https://www.degruyter.com/doi/10.7591/9781501702181

[316]
A. Murrary, ‘Demons as psychological abstractions’, in Angels in medieval philosophical inquiry: their function and significance, vol. Ashgate studies in medieval philosophy, Aldershot, England: Ashgate Pub. Ltd, 2008, pp. 171–186.

[317]
Elliott, Dyan, Fallen bodies: pollution, sexuality, and demonology in the Middle Ages, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhs1w

[318]
Boureau, Alain, Satan the heretic: the birth of demonology in medieval west. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

[319]
Barbara Newman, ‘Possessed by the Spirit: Devout Women, Demoniacs, and the Apostolic Life in the Thirteenth Century’, Speculum, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 733–770, 1998 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2887496

[320]
Dendle, Peter, Satan unbound: the devil in Old English narrative literature. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.

[321]
Kieckhefer, Richard, Magic in the Middle Ages, vol. Cambridge medieval textbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

[322]
R. Kieckhefer, ‘The Holy and the Unholy: Sainthood, Witchcraft, and Magic in late Medieval Europe’, Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 355–385, 1994.

[323]
Kieckhefer, Richard, Forbidden rites: a necromancer’s manual of the fifteenth century, vol. Magic in history. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.

[324]
P. Dendle, R. Raiswell, and Victoria University (Toronto, Ont.), The devil in society in premodern Europe, vol. Essays and studies. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2012.

[325]
Boudet, Jean-Patrice, Entre science et nigromance: astrologie, divination et magie dans l’occident médiéval (XIIe-XVe siècle), vol. Histoire ancienne e médiévale. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2006.

[326]
Frank Klaassen, ‘Learning and Masculinity in Manuscripts of Ritual Magic of the Later Middle Ages and Renaissance’, The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 49–76, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20478245

[327]
J. Raymond, Conversations with angels: essays towards a history of spiritual communication, 1100-1700. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

[328]
Klaniczay, Gábor and Pócs, Éva, Communicating with the spirits: edited by Gábor Klaniczay and Éva Pócs ; in collaboration with Eszter Csonka-Takács, vol. Demons, spirits, witches. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2005 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7829/j.ctt2jbnm1

[329]
Schmitt, Jean Claude, Ghosts in the Middle Ages: the living and the dead in Medieval society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

[330]
Kors, Alan Charles, Peters, Edward, and Kors, Alan Charles, Witchcraft in Europe, 400-1700: a documentary history, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.

[331]
Shinners, John Raymond, ‘Bernard of Gui on Sorcery (c.1323)’, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, 2nd ed., vol. Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures, Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2007.

[332]
Michael D. Bailey, ‘From Sorcery to Witchcraft: Clerical Conceptions of Magic in the Later Middle Ages’, Speculum, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 960–990, 2001 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2903617

[333]
Kieckhefer, Richard, European witch trials: their foundations in popular and learned culture, 1300-1500. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976.

[334]
Boureau, Alain, Satan the heretic: the birth of demonology in medieval west. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

[335]
Cohn, Norman, Europe’s inner demons: the demonization of Christians in medieval Christendom, Rev. ed. London: Pimlico, 1993.

[336]
Jolly, Karen Louise, Raudvere, Catharina, and Peters, Edward, Witchcraft and magic in Europe: the Middle Ages, vol. Athlone history of witchcraft and magic in Europe. London: Athlone, 2002.

[337]
Peters, Edward, The magician, the witch and the law. Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1978.

[338]
W. R. Jones, ‘Political Uses of Sorcery in Medieval Europe’, The Historian, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 670–687, Aug. 1972, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6563.1972.tb00434.x.

[339]
H. A. Kelly, ‘English Kings and the Fear of Sorcery, Medieval Studies 39’, in Inquisitions and other trial procedures in the Medieval West, vol. Variorum collected studies series, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.

[340]
H. A. Kelly, ‘The Case Against Edward IV’s Marriage and Offspring’, in Inquisitions and other trial procedures in the Medieval West, vol. Variorum collected studies series, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.

[341]
Harvey, M, ‘Papal Witchcraft: the Charges against Benedict XIII’, in Sanctity and secularity: the Church and the world: papers read at the eleventh summer meeting and twelfth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, vol. Studies in church history, Oxford: Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society, 1973.

[342]
Friedlander, Alan, Processus Bernardi Delitiosi: The trial of Fr. Bernard Délicieux, 3 September - 8 December 1319, vol. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. Philadelphia, Pa: American Philos. Soc, 1996.

[343]
Veenstra, Jan R. and Pignon, Laurens, Magic and divination at the courts of Burgundy and France: text and context of Laurens Pignon’s Contre les devineurs (1411), vol. Brill’s studies in intellectual history. Leiden: Brill, 1998 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004247376

[344]
C. Rider, Magic and Impotence in the Middle Ages. Oxford University Press, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282227.001.0001/acprof-9780199282227

[345]
OWST, Gerald Robert., Sortilegium in English Homiletic Literature of the Fourteenth Century. 1957 [Online]. Available: http://copac.ac.uk/search?title=Sortilegium%20in%20English%20Homiletic%20Literature%20of%20the%20Fourteenth%20Century.

[346]
Karras, Ruth Mazo, Kaye, Joel, and Matter, E. Ann, Law and the illicit in medieval Europe, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.

[347]
Hamilton, Bernard, The medieval Inquisition, vol. Foundations of medieval history. London: Edward Arnold, 1981.

[348]
Stoyanov, Yuri, The other god: dualist religions from antiquity to the Cathar heresy. New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2000 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm3q2

[349]
Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., ‘Literature on magic and witches (ca. 1270-1475).’, in Witch beliefs and witch trials in the Middle Ages: documents and readings, London: Continuum, 2011 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburymedievalstudies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781472599346&tocid=b-9781472599346-partII&pdfid=9781472599346.0006.pdf

[350]
Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., ‘Trials of Witches and other workers of magic - Conducted by inquisitors (1245-1499)’, in Witch beliefs and witch trials in the Middle Ages: documents and readings, London: Continuum, 2011 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburymedievalstudies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781472599346&tocid=b-9781472599346-partIII&pdfid=9781472599346.0007.pdf

[351]
Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., ‘Trials of Witches and other workers of magic - Conducted by secular courts (1304-1496)’, in Witch beliefs and witch trials in the Middle Ages: documents and readings, London: Continuum, 2011 [Online]. Available: https://www-bloomsburymedievalstudies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781472599346&tocid=b-9781472599346-partIV&pdfid=9781472599346.0008.pdf

[352]
R. de Ledrede, L. S. Davidson, and J. O. Ward, The sorcery trial of Alice Kyteler: a contemporary account (1324) together with related documents in English translation with introduction and notes. Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1993.

[353]
Matteuccia, The record of the trial and condemnation of a witch, Matteuccia di Francesco, at Todi, 20 March, 1428. Roma: s.n., 1972 [Online]. Available: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/5163283?style=html&title=The%20record%20of%20the%20trial%20and%20condemnation%20of%20a%20witch%2C

[354]
M. Duni, Under the devil’s spell: witches, sorcerers, and the Inquisition in Renaissance Italy, vol. The Villa Rossa series. Florence, Italy: Syracuse University in Florence, 2007.

[355]
Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., The occult in Mediaeval Europe, 500-1500: a documentary history. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

[356]
Edward Peters, ‘The literature of demonology and witchcraft’. [Online]. Available: http://digital.library.cornell.edu/w/witch/resources.html

[357]
Kieckhefer, Richard, European witch trials: their foundations in popular and learned culture, 1300-1500. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976.

[358]
R. Kieckhefer, ‘Mythologies of Witchcraft in the Fifteenth Century’, Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 79–108, 2006, doi: 10.1353/mrw.0.0080.

[359]
M. Ostorero, Le diable au sabbat: littérature démonologique et sorcelliere (1440-1460), vol. Micrologus’ library. Firenze: SISMEL, Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2011.

[360]
J. B. Russell, ‘Martine Ostorero, Le diable au sabbat: Littérature démonologique et sorcellerie (1440–1460)’, Speculum, vol. 87, no. 02, pp. 590–592, Apr. 2012, doi: 10.1017/S0038713412001546.

[361]
Mormando, Franco, The preacher’s demons: Bernardino of Siena and the social underworld of early Renaissance Italy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

[362]
Breuer, Heidi, Crafting the witch: gendering magic in medieval and early modern England, vol. Studies in medieval history and culture. New York: Routledge, 2009.

[363]
Karen Jones and Michael Zell, ‘“The Divels Speciall Instruments”: Women and Witchcraft before the “Great Witch-Hunt”’, Social History, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 45–63, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4287161

[364]
Bailey, Michael David, Battling demons: witchcraft, heresy, and reform in the late Middle Ages, vol. Magic in history. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003.

[365]
Michael D. Bailey, ‘From Sorcery to Witchcraft: Clerical Conceptions of Magic in the Later Middle Ages’, Speculum, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 960–990, 2001 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2903617

[366]
M. D. Bailey, ‘The Disenchantment of Magic: Spells, Charms, and Superstition in Early European Witchcraft Literature’, The American Historical Review, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 383–404, Apr. 2006, doi: 10.1086/ahr.111.2.383.

[367]
M. D. Bailey and E. Peters, ‘A Sabbat of demonologists: Basel, 1431-1440’, The Historian, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 1375–1396, Dec. 2003, doi: 10.1111/j.0018-2370.2003.00057.x.

[368]
M. D. Bailey, ‘The Feminization of Magic and the Emerging Idea of the Female Witch in the Late Middle Ages’, Essays in Medieval Studies, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 120–134, 2002, doi: 10.1353/ems.2003.0002.

[369]
Jolly, Karen Louise, Raudvere, Catharina, and Peters, Edward, Witchcraft and magic in Europe: the Middle Ages, vol. Athlone history of witchcraft and magic in Europe. London: Athlone, 2002.

[370]
Boudet, Jean-Patrice, Entre science et nigromance: astrologie, divination et magie dans l’occident médiéval (XIIe-XVe siècle), vol. Histoire ancienne e médiévale. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2006.

[371]
Broedel, Hans Peter, The ‘Malleus Maleficarum’ and the construction of witchcraft: theology and popular belief, vol. Studies in early modern European history. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jgrj

[372]
S. Anglo, ‘Evident Authority and Authoritative Evidence: The Malleus Maleficarum’, in The damned art: essays in the literature of witchcraft, vol. Routledge library editions. Witchcraft, London: Routledge, 2011, pp. 1–31 [Online]. Available: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14540736790004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

[373]
A. Borst, ‘The Origins of the Witch-Craze in the Alps’, in Medieval worlds: barbarians, heretics and artists in the middle ages, Cambridge: Polity, 1991.

[374]
Cohn, Norman, Europe’s inner demons: the demonization of Christians in medieval Christendom, Rev. ed. London: Pimlico, 1993.

[375]
A. Murray, ‘Medieval Origins of the Witch Hunt’, The Cambridge Quarterly, vol. VII, no. 1, pp. 63–74, 1976, doi: 10.1093/camqtly/VII.1.63.

[376]
P. Dendle, R. Raiswell, and Victoria University (Toronto, Ont.), The devil in society in premodern Europe, vol. Essays and studies. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2012.

[377]
Lea, Henry Charles, Howland, Arthur C., and Burr, George Lincoln, Materials toward a history of witchcraft. New York: T. Yoseloff.

[378]
W. Stephens, Demon lovers: witchcraft, sex, and the crisis of belief. Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003.

[379]
W. Stephens, ‘Witches who steal penises: impotence and illusion in Malleus maleficarum.’, Journal of Medieval & Early Modern Studies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 495–529, 1998 [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505769020&site=ehost-live&scope=site

[380]
Kieckhefer, R, ‘Avenging the Blood of Children: Anxiety over Child Victims and the Origins of the European Witch Trials’, in The devil, heresy, and witchcraft in the Middle Ages: essays in honor of Jeffrey B. Russell, vol. Cultures, beliefs, and traditions, Leiden: Brill, 1998.

[381]
D. HARLEY, ‘Historians as Demonologists: The Myth of the Midwife-witch’, Social History of Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–26, Apr. 1990, doi: 10.1093/shm/3.1.1.

[382]
F. Salmón and M. Cabré, ‘Fascinating Women: The Evil Eye in Medical Scholasticism’, in Medicine from the Black Death to the French disease, Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate Pub., 1998.

[383]
Anne Neary, ‘The Origins and Character of the Kilkenny Witchcraft Case of 1324’, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature, vol. 83, pp. 333–350, 1983 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25506106

[384]
M. Duni, Under the devil’s spell: witches, sorcerers, and the Inquisition in Renaissance Italy, vol. The Villa Rossa series. Florence, Italy: Syracuse University in Florence, 2007.

[385]
Behringer, Wolfgang, Witchcraft persecutions in Bavaria: popular magic, religious zealotry and reason of state in early modern Europe, vol. Past and present publications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

[386]
Monter, E. William, Witchcraft in France and Switzerland: the borderlands during the Reformation. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1976.

[387]
Stokes, Laura, Demons of urban reform: early European witch trials and criminal justice, 1430-1530, vol. Palgrave historical studies in witchcraft and magic. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

[388]
Mitchell, Stephen A., Witchcraft and magic in the Nordic Middle Ages, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fh7tt

[389]
Burghartz, S, ‘The Equation of Women and Witches: A Case Study of Witchcraft Trials in Lucerne and Lausanne in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries’, in The German underworld: deviants and outcasts in German history, London: Routledge, 1988.

[390]
‘Medieval Sourcebook: Stephen de Bourbon (d. 1262): De Supersticione: On St. Guinefort’. [Online]. Available: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/guinefort.asp

[391]
Shinners, John Raymond, ‘The Inquisition of Arnold Cogal (1320)’, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader, 2nd ed., vol. Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures, Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2007.

[392]
Francis and Habig, Marion Alphonse, St. Francis of Assisi: writings and early biographies: English omnibus of the sources for the life of St. Francis, 4th rev. ed. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1991.

[393]
‘Saints and dragons: The Golden Legend. Compiled by Jacobus de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, 1275.’ [Online]. Available: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume3.asp

[394]
Schmitt, Jean Claude, The holy greyhound: Guinefort, healer of children since the thirteenth century, vol. Cambridge studies in oral and literate culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

[395]
Giraldus, The history and topography of Ireland, Rev. ed., vol. Penguin classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982.

[396]
D. D. R. Owen, Arthurian romance: seven essays. London: Scottish Academic Press, 1970.

[397]
Crane, Susan, Animal encounters: contacts and concepts in medieval Britain, vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhm62

[398]
Waddell, Helen and Gibbings, Robert, Beasts and saints. London: Constable, 1934.

[399]
D. Alexander, Saints and animals in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt81w4m

[400]
Powell, H, ‘Walking and talking with animals: the role of Fauna in Anglo-Latin Saints’ Lives’’, in Animal diversities, vol. Medium Aevum Quotidianum, Krems: Medium Aevum Quotidianum, 2005.

[401]
Reames, Sherry L., The Legenda aurea. .

[402]
Sorrell, Roger D., St. Francis of Assisi and nature: tradition and innovation in Western Christian attitudes toward the environment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

[403]
Salter, David, Holy and noble beasts: encounters with animals in medieval literature. Woodbridge, Suffolk: D.S. Brewer, 2001.

[404]
Salisbury, Joyce E., The beast within: animals in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 1994.

[405]
Riches, Samantha, St. George: hero, martyr and myth. Stroud: Sutton, 2000.

[406]
J. Le Goff, ‘Ecclesiastical Culture and Folklore in the Middle Ages: Saint Marcellinus of Paris and the Dragon’, in Time, work & culture in the Middle Ages, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

[407]
Horden, P, ‘Disease, dragons and saints: The management of epidemics in the Dark Ages’, in Epidemics and ideas: essays on the historical perception of pestilence, vol. Past and present publications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511563645

[408]
Kordecki, L, ‘Losing the monster and recovering the non-human in fable(d) subjectivity’’, in Animals and the symbolic in mediaeval art and literature, vol. Mediaevalia Groningana, Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1997.

[409]
Chen, Fanfan and Honegger, Thomas, Good dragons are rare: an inquiry into literary dragons East and West, vol. Alph: Arbeiten zur literarischen Phantastik. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2009.

[410]
P. Dendle, R. Raiswell, and Victoria University (Toronto, Ont.), The devil in society in premodern Europe, vol. Essays and studies. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2012.

[411]
H. A. Kelly, ‘The Metamorphosis of the Eden Serpent’, Viator, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 301–328, 1972 [Online]. Available: http://www.metapress.com/content/t70376332p8776h6/

[412]
Cuffel, Alexandra, Gendering disgust in medieval religious polemic. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007.

[413]
Bildhauer, Bettina and Mills, Robert, The monstrous Middle Ages. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucl/detail.action?docID=4947020

[414]
Flores, Nona C., Animals in the Middle Ages, vol. Garland reference library of the humanities. New York: Garland, 1996.

[415]
Strickland, Debra Higgs, The mark of the beast: the medieval bestiary in art, life, and literature, vol. Garland reference library of the humanities. New York: Garland Pub, 1999.

[416]
S. Lipton, ‘Jews heretics and the sign of the cat in the’, Word & Image, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 362–377, Oct. 1992, doi: 10.1080/02666286.1992.10435848.

[417]
Jill Bradley, ‘You shall surely not die’. Leiden: Brill, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/title/17814

[418]
trans. D. Burr, ‘Bernard of Clairvaux, Apologia (1125)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/bernard1.asp

[419]
T. M. Thibodeau, ‘Of the pictures, curtains, and ornaments of the Church’, in The Rationale divinorum officiorum of William Durand of Mende: a new translation of the prologue and book one, vol. Records of western civilization, New York: Columbia University Press, 2010, pp. 32–48.

[420]
‘Batman vppon Bartholome his booke De proprietatibus rerum, newly corrected, enlarged and amended: with such additions as are requisite, vnto euery seuerall booke: taken foorth of the most approued authors, the like heretofore not translated in English. Profitable for all estates, as well for the benefite of the mind as the bodie. 1582.’ [Online]. Available: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A05237.0001.001/1:12.3?rgn=div2;view=fulltext

[421]
Sears, Elizabeth, Thomas, Thelma K., and Forsyth, Ilene H., Reading medieval images: the art historian and the object. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2002.

[422]
Lipton, S, ‘Images and objects as sources for medieval history’, in Understanding medieval primary sources: using historical sources to discover medieval Europe, vol. Routledge guides to using historical sources, Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.

[423]
Rudolph, Conrad, A companion to Medieval art: Romanesque and Gothic in Northern Europe, vol. Blackwell companions to art history. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2006.

[424]
Mâle, Emile, Religious art from the twelfth to the eighteenth century. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982.

[425]
Camille, Michael, The Gothic idol: ideology and image-making in medieval art, vol. Cambridge new art history and criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

[426]
Camille, M, ‘Obscenity under Erasure. Censorship in Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts’, in Obscenity: social control and artistic creation in the European Middle Ages, vol. Cultures, beliefs and traditions, Leiden: Brill, 1998.

[427]
Schmitt, J.-C, ‘Unorthodox images?’, in The unorthodox imagination in late medieval Britain, vol. UCL/Neale series on British history, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2010.

[428]
Strickland, Debra Higgs, Saracens, demons, & Jews: making monsters in medieval art. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-19747

[429]
G. Jaritz, Angels, Devils: The Supernatural and Its Visual Representation, 1st edition., vol. CEU Medievalia. Budapest: Central European University Department of Medieval Studies, 2011.

[430]
A. Fogleman, ‘Finding a Middle Way: Late Medieval Naturalism and Visionary Experience’, Visual Resources, vol. 25, no. 1–2, pp. 7–28, Mar. 2009, doi: 10.1080/01973760802674309.

[431]
N. H. Ott, ‘Facts and Fiction: The Iconography of Demons in German Vernacular Manuscripts’, in Demons: mediators between this world and other: essays on demonic beings from the Middle Ages to the present, vol. Beiträge zur Europäischen Ethnologie und Folklore. Reihe B, Tagungsberichte und Materialien, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1998.

[432]
Pleij, Herman, Colors demonic and divine: shades of meaning in the Middle Ages and after. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

[433]
Voelke, W. M, ‘The Seven Deadly Sins’, in Monsters and demons in the ancient and mediaeval worlds: papers presented in honor of Edith Porada, vol. Franklin Jasper Walls lectures, Mainz on Rhine: Philipp von Zabern, 1987.

[434]
P. Dendle, R. Raiswell, and Victoria University (Toronto, Ont.), The devil in society in premodern Europe, vol. Essays and studies. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2012.

[435]
Katzenellenbogen, Adolf and Medieval Academy of America, Allegories of the virtures [sic] and vices in medieval art: from early Christian times to the thirteenth century, vol. Medieval Academy reprints for teaching. Toronto: University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America, 1989.

[436]
Freedman, P, ‘The return of the grotesque in medieval historiography’, in Historia a debate: actas del Congreso Internacional ‘A Historia a Debate’ celebrado el 7-11 de Julio de 1993 en Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España: Historia a Debate, 1995.

[437]
Gravestock, P, ‘Did Imaginary Animals exist?’, in The mark of the beast: the medieval bestiary in art, life, and literature, vol. Garland reference library of the humanities, New York: Garland Pub, 1999.

[438]
L. Sandler, ‘Reflections on the Construction of Hybrids in English Gothic Marginal Illustration’, in Art, the ape of nature: studies in honor of H. W. Janson, New York: H.N. Abrams, 1981.

[439]
D. Sperber, ‘Why are perfect animals, hybrids, and monsters food for symbolic thought?’, Method & Theory in the Study of Religion, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 143–169, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1163/157006896X00170.

[440]
Bovey, Alixe and British Library, Monsters and grotesques in medieval manuscripts. London]: British Library.

[441]
Camille, Michael, Image on the edge: the margins of medieval art, vol. Essays in art and culture. London: Reaktion Books, 1992 [Online]. Available: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=676638&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451

[442]
Klingender, F. D. and Harthan, John P., Animals in art and thought: to the end of the Middle Ages. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1971.

[443]
William J. Travis, ‘Of Sirens and Onocentaurs: A Romanesque Apocalypse at Montceaux-l’Etoile’, Artibus et Historiae, vol. 23, no. 45, pp. 29–62, 2002 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1483681

[444]
W. Schouwink, ‘The Sow Salaura and Her Relatives in Medieval Literature and Art’’, in Revue Marche Romane: fable et fabliau, Tome XXVIII.: Epopée animale, [Liège?]: Cahiers De L’a.r.u.lg, 1978, pp. 509–524.

Bibliography for HIST9204: Animals, Demons and the Boundaries of the Human in the Late Middle Ages BETA