1.
Bartlett TQ, Sussman RW, Cheverud JM. Infant killing in primates: a review of observed cases with specific reference to the sexual selection hypothesis. American Anthropologist. 1993;95(4):958-990.
2.
Whiten A, Byrne RW, eds. Machiavellian Intelligence II. Cambridge University Press; 1997. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511525636
3.
Bercovitch FB. Male rank and reproductive activity in Savanna baboons. International Journal of Primatology. 1986;7(6):533-550. doi:10.1007/BF02736660
4.
Bercovitch FB. Sex-biased parental investment in primates . International Journal of Primatology. 2002;23(4):905-921. doi:10.1023/A:1015585117114
5.
Boesch, Christophe, Boesch-Achermann, Hedwige. Dim forest, bright chimps. Natural history. 1991;50:52-56.
6.
Boesch, Christophe , Boesch, Hedwige. Part III.9: Diversity of tool use and tool-making in wild chimpanzees. In: The Use of Tools by Human and Non-Human Primates. Vol Symposia of the Fyssen Foundation. Clarendon Press; 1993. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198522638.001.0001/acprof-9780198522638
7.
Borries et. al. C. DNA analyses support the hypothesis that infanticide is adaptive in langur monkeys. Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 1999;266(1422):901-904.
8.
Brown GR. Reconsidering the null hypothesis: is maternal rank associated with birth sex ratios in primate groups? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002;99(17):11252-11255. doi:10.1073/pnas.162360599
9.
Brown G. Sex-biased investment in nonhuman primates: can Trivers & Willard’s theory be tested? Animal Behaviour. 2001;61(4):683-694. doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1659
10.
Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM. Vervet monkey alarm calls: manipulation through shared information? Behaviour. 1985;94(1):150-166. doi:10.1163/156853985X00316
11.
Cowlishaw G, Dunbar R. Dominance rank and mating success in male primates. Animal Behaviour. 1991;41(6):1045-1056. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80642-6
12.
Dawkins, Richard. Nice guys finish first. In: The Selfish Gene. 30th anniversary ed. Oxford University Press; 2006.
13.
de Waal FBM. How animals do business. Scientific American. 2005;292(4):72-79. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0405-72
14.
Dixson, A.F. Mating tactics and reproductive success. In: Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Human Beings. Oxford University Press; 1998.
15.
Domb LG, Pagel M. Sexual swellings advertise female quality in wild baboons. Nature. 2001;410(6825):204-206. doi:10.1038/35065597
16.
Eberle M, Kappeler PM. Family insurance: kin selection and cooperative breeding in a solitary primate (Microcebus murinus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2006;60(4):582-588. doi:10.1007/s00265-006-0203-3
17.
Ellis L, Blanchard R. Birth order, sibling sex ratio, and maternal miscarriages in homosexual and heterosexual men and women. Personality and Individual Differences. 2001;30(4):543-552. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00051-9
18.
Fowler A, Sommer V. Subsistence technology of Nigerian chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology. 2007;28(5):997-1023. doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9166-0
19.
Fowler A, Koutsioni Y, Sommer V. Leaf-swallowing in Nigerian chimpanzees: evidence for assumed self-medication. Primates. 2006;48(1):73-76. doi:10.1007/s10329-006-0001-6
20.
Fuentes A. Re-evaluating primate monogamy. American Anthropologist. 1998;100(4):890-907. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.890
21.
Goodall, Jane. The mind of the chimpanzee. In: Through a Window: Thirty Years with the Chimpanzees of Gombe. Phoenix; 2000.
22.
Higham JP, MacLarnon AM, Ross C, Heistermann M, Semple S. Baboon sexual swellings: Information content of size and color. Hormones and Behavior. 2008;53(3):452-462. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.11.019
23.
Hohmann, Gottfried et al. Frugivory and gregariousness of Salonga bonobos and Gashaka chimpanzees. In: Feeding Ecology in Apes and Other Primates: Ecological, Physical, and Behavioral Aspects. Vol Cambridge studies in biological and evolutionary anthropology. Cambridge University Press; 2006.
24.
Humle T, Matsuzawa T. Ant-dipping among the chimpanzees of Bossou, Guinea, and some comparisons with other sites. American Journal of Primatology. 2002;58(3):133-148. doi:10.1002/ajp.10055
25.
Kappeler PM, van Schaik CP. Evolution of primate social systems . International Journal of Primatology. 2002;23(4):707-740. doi:10.1023/A:1015520830318
26.
Kirkpatrick RC. The evolution of human homosexual behavior. Current Anthropology. 2000;41(3):385-413. doi:10.1086/300145
27.
Koenig A. Competition for resources and its behavioral consequences among female primates . International Journal of Primatology. 2002;23(4):759-783. doi:10.1023/A:1015524931226
28.
Menzel, Emil, W. Group of young chimpanzees in a 1-acre field. In: Machiavellian Intelligence: Extensions and Evaluations, II. Cambridge University Press; 1997.
29.
Sommer, Volker , and Reichard, Ulrich. Rethinking monogamy : the gibbon case. In: Primate Males: Causes and Consequences of Variation in Group Composition. Cambridge University Press; 2000.
30.
van Schaik, C.P. The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates. In: Comparative Socioecology: The Behavioural Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals. Vol Special publications series of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientific; 1989.
31.
LeVay S, Hamer DH. Evidence for a Biological Influence in Male Homosexuality. Scientific American. 1994;270(5):44-49. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0594-44
32.
Mastripieri, Dario. Social structure, infant handling, and mothering styles in group-living old world monkeys. International journal of primatology. 15(4).
33.
Sommer, Volker. Against nature?! An epilogue about animal sex and the moral dimension. In: Homosexual Behaviour in Animals: An Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge University Press; 2006.
34.
Michael Tomasello. The question of chimpanzee culture. In: Chimpanzee Cultures. Published by Harvard University Press in cooperation with the Chicago Academy of Sciences; 1994.
35.
Stanford, Craig B. The ape’s gift: meat-eating, meat-sharing and human evolution. In: Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Social Evolution. Harvard University Press; 2001.
36.
Relethford JH. Classification of the hominoids. In: The Human Species: An Introduction to Biological Anthropology. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006.
37.
COWLISHAW G, DUNBAR R. Dominance rank and mating success in male primates. Animal Behaviour. 1991;41(6):1045-1056. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80642-6
38.
Whiten A, Boesch C. The cultures of chimpanzees. Scientific American. 1999;284:48-55.
39.
Whiten A, Boesch C. The Cultures of Chimpanzees. Scientific American. 2001;284(1):60-67. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0101-60
40.
Haslam M, Hernandez-Aguilar A, Ling V, et al. Primate archaeology. Nature. 2009;460(7253):339-344. doi:10.1038/nature08188
41.
Higham JP, Warren Y, Adanu J, et al. Living on the edge: life-history of olive baboons at Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Nigeria. American Journal of Primatology. 2009;71(4):293-304. doi:10.1002/ajp.20651
42.
Schöning C, Humle T, Möbius Y, McGrew WC. The nature of culture: Technological variation in chimpanzee predation on army ants revisited. Journal of Human Evolution. 2008;55(1):48-59. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.002
43.
Hrdy SB. Meet the Alloparents: Shared child care may be the secret of human evolutionary success. Natural History.
44.
MANSON JH. Infant handling in wildCebus capucinus: testing bonds between females? Animal Behaviour. 1999;57(4):911-921. doi:10.1006/anbe.1998.1052
45.
McKenna JJ. The Evolution of Allomothering Behavior among Colobine Monkeys: Function and Opportunism in Evolution. American Anthropologist. 1979;81(4):818-840. doi:10.1525/aa.1979.81.4.02a00040
46.
Milinski et al M. Donors to Charity Gain in Both Indirect Reciprocity and Political Reputation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.:881-883.
47.
Morgan BJ, Abwe EE. Chimpanzees use stone hammers in Cameroon. Current Biology. 2006;16(16):R632-R633. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.045
48.
Palombit RA, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM. Female–female competition for male ‘friends’ in wild chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus). Animal Behaviour. 2001;61(6):1159-1171. doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1690
49.
PARISH AR, DE WAAL FBM, HAIG D. The Other "Closest Living Relative”: How Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Challenge Traditional Assumptions about Females, Dominance, Intra- and Intersexual Interactions, and Hominid Evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2006;907(1):97-113. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06618.x
50.
Paul A. The socioecology of infant handling in primates: Is the current model convincing? Primates. 1999;40(1):33-46. doi:10.1007/BF02557700
51.
Paul A. Sexual Selection and Mate Choice . International Journal of Primatology. 2002;23(4):877-904. doi:10.1023/A:1015533100275
52.
Reichard U, Sommer V. Group Encounters in Wild Gibbons (Hylobates Lar): Agonism, Affiliation, and the Concept of Infanticide. Behaviour. 1997;134(15):1135-1174. doi:10.1163/156853997X00106
53.
Santos LR, Nissen AG, Ferrugia JA. Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, know what others can and cannot hear. Animal Behaviour. 2006;71(5):1175-1181. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.10.007
54.
Schöning C, Ellis D, Fowler A, Sommer V. Army ant prey availability and consumption by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes vellerosus) at Gashaka (Nigeria). Journal of Zoology. 2007;271(2):125-133. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00177.x
55.
Schradin C, Anzenberger G. Costs of infant carrying in common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus: an experimental analysis. Animal Behaviour. 2001;62(2):289-295. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1767
56.
Setchell JM, Charpentier M, Wickings EJ. Mate guarding and paternity in mandrills: factors influencing alpha male monopoly. Animal Behaviour. 2005;70(5):1105-1120. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.02.021
57.
Silk JB. Females, food, family, and friendship. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 2002;11(3):85-87. doi:10.1002/evan.10011
58.
Silk JB. Kin Selection In Primate Groups . International Journal of Primatology. 2002;23(4):849-875. doi:10.1023/A:1015581016205
59.
Soltis J. Do primate females gain nonprocreative benefits by mating with multiple males? Theoretical and empirical considerations. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 2002;11(5):187-197. doi:10.1002/evan.10025
60.
Sommer V, Denham A, Little K. Postconflict behaviour of wild Indian langur monkeys: avoidance of opponents but rarely affinity. Animal Behaviour. 2002;63(4):637-648. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1897
61.
Stanford CB. The Social Behavior of Chimpanzees and Bonobos: Empirical Evidence and Shifting Assumptions. Current Anthropology. 1998;39(4):399-420. doi:10.1086/204757
62.
VAN SCHAIK CP, Dunbar RIM. The Evolution of Monogamy in Large Primates: a New Hypothesis and Some Crucial Tests. Behaviour. 1990;115(1):30-61. doi:10.1163/156853990X00284
63.
West SA, Griffin AS, Gardner A. Evolutionary Explanations for Cooperation. Current Biology. 2007;17(16):R661-R672. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.004
64.
Whiten A. The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans. Nature. 2005;437(7055):52-55. doi:10.1038/nature04023
65.
Whiten A, Goodall J, McGrew WC, et al. Cultures in chimpanzees. Nature. 1999;399(6737):682-685. doi:10.1038/21415
66.
Wildman DE. Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2003;100(12):7181-7188. doi:10.1073/pnas.1232172100
67.
Widdig A. Paternal relatedness and age proximity regulate social relationships among adult female rhesus macaques. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001;98(24):13769-13773. doi:10.1073/pnas.241210198
68.
Sommer V. The holy wars about infanticide. Which side are you on? And why? In: Infanticide by Males and Its Implications. Cambridge University Press; 2000:2-26. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/infanticide-by-males-and-its-implications/BDD41CCF9F7281CF5FCDA88AD829A712
69.
Volker Sommer . The holy wars about infanticide. Which side are you on? And why? In: Infanticide by Males and Its Implications . Cambridge University Press ; 2000:9-26.
70.
van Noordwijk MA, van Schaik CP. Sexual selection and the careers of primate males: paternity concentration, dominance acquisition tactics and transfer decisions. In: Sexual Selection in Primates: New and Comparative Perspectives. Cambridge University Press; 2004:208-229. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/sexual-selection-in-primates/E8DF484FD96EA75A149B954061272B0C
71.
van Schaik C. Infanticide by male primates: the sexual selection hypothesis revisited. In: Infanticide by Males and Its Implications. Cambridge University Press; 2000:27-60. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/infanticide-by-males-and-its-implications/BDD41CCF9F7281CF5FCDA88AD829A712
