1.
Bartlett, T.Q., Sussman, R.W., Cheverud, J.M.: Infant killing in primates: a review of observed cases with specific reference to the sexual selection hypothesis. American Anthropologist. 95, 958–990 (1993).
2.
Whiten, A., Byrne, R.W. eds: Machiavellian Intelligence II. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511525636.
3.
Bercovitch, F.B.: Male rank and reproductive activity in Savanna baboons. International Journal of Primatology. 7, 533–550 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02736660.
4.
Bercovitch, F.B.: Sex-biased parental investment in primates . International Journal of Primatology. 23, 905–921 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015585117114.
5.
Boesch, Christophe, Boesch-Achermann, Hedwige: Dim forest, bright chimps. Natural history. 50, 52–56 (1991).
6.
Boesch, Christophe , Boesch, Hedwige: Part III.9: Diversity of tool use and tool-making in wild chimpanzees. In: The use of tools by human and non-human primates. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1993).
7.
Borries et. al., C.: DNA analyses support the hypothesis that infanticide is adaptive in langur monkeys. Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 266, 901–904 (1999).
8.
Brown, G.R.: Reconsidering the null hypothesis: is maternal rank associated with birth sex ratios in primate groups? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99, 11252–11255 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.162360599.
9.
Brown, G.: Sex-biased investment in nonhuman primates: can Trivers & Willard’s theory be tested? Animal Behaviour. 61, 683–694 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1659.
10.
Cheney, D.L., Seyfarth, R.M.: Vervet monkey alarm calls: manipulation through shared information? Behaviour. 94, 150–166 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1163/156853985X00316.
11.
Cowlishaw, G., Dunbar, R.: Dominance rank and mating success in male primates. Animal Behaviour. 41, 1045–1056 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80642-6.
12.
Dawkins, Richard: Nice guys finish first. In: The selfish gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2006).
13.
de Waal, F.B.M.: How animals do business. Scientific American. 292, 72–79 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0405-72.
14.
Dixson, A.F.: Mating tactics and reproductive success. In: Primate sexuality: comparative studies of the prosimians, monkeys, apes, and human beings. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1998).
15.
Domb, L.G., Pagel, M.: Sexual swellings advertise female quality in wild baboons. Nature. 410, 204–206 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35065597.
16.
Eberle, M., Kappeler, P.M.: Family insurance: kin selection and cooperative breeding in a solitary primate (Microcebus murinus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 60, 582–588 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0203-3.
17.
Ellis, L., Blanchard, R.: Birth order, sibling sex ratio, and maternal miscarriages in homosexual and heterosexual men and women. Personality and Individual Differences. 30, 543–552 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00051-9.
18.
Fowler, A., Sommer, V.: Subsistence technology of Nigerian chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology. 28, 997–1023 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9166-0.
19.
Fowler, A., Koutsioni, Y., Sommer, V.: Leaf-swallowing in Nigerian chimpanzees: evidence for assumed self-medication. Primates. 48, 73–76 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-006-0001-6.
20.
Fuentes, A.: Re-evaluating primate monogamy. American Anthropologist. 100, 890–907 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.890.
21.
Goodall, Jane: The mind of the chimpanzee. In: Through a window: thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Phoenix, London (2000).
22.
Higham, J.P., MacLarnon, A.M., Ross, C., Heistermann, M., Semple, S.: Baboon sexual swellings: Information content of size and color. Hormones and Behavior. 53, 452–462 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.11.019.
23.
Hohmann, Gottfried et al.: Frugivory and gregariousness of Salonga bonobos and Gashaka chimpanzees. In: Feeding ecology in apes and other primates: ecological, physical, and behavioral aspects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006).
24.
Humle, T., Matsuzawa, T.: Ant-dipping among the chimpanzees of Bossou, Guinea, and some comparisons with other sites. American Journal of Primatology. 58, 133–148 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.10055.
25.
Kappeler, P.M., van Schaik, C.P.: Evolution of primate social systems . International Journal of Primatology. 23, 707–740 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015520830318.
26.
Kirkpatrick, R.C.: The evolution of human homosexual behavior. Current Anthropology. 41, 385–413 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1086/300145.
27.
Koenig, A.: Competition for resources and its behavioral consequences among female primates . International Journal of Primatology. 23, 759–783 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015524931226.
28.
Menzel, Emil, W.: Group of young chimpanzees in a 1-acre field. In: Machiavellian intelligence: extensions and evaluations, II. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997).
29.
Sommer, Volker , and Reichard, Ulrich: Rethinking monogamy : the gibbon case. In: Primate males: causes and consequences of variation in group composition. Cambridge University Press, New York (2000).
30.
van Schaik, C.P.: The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates. In: Comparative socioecology: the behavioural ecology of humans and other mammals. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford (1989).
31.
LeVay, S., Hamer, D.H.: Evidence for a Biological Influence in Male Homosexuality. Scientific American. 270, 44–49 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0594-44.
32.
Mastripieri, Dario: Social structure, infant handling, and mothering styles in group-living old world monkeys. International journal of primatology. 15,.
33.
Sommer, Volker: Against nature?! An epilogue about animal sex and the moral dimension. In: Homosexual behaviour in animals: an evolutionary perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006).
34.
Michael Tomasello: The question of chimpanzee culture. In: Chimpanzee cultures. Published by Harvard University Press in cooperation with the Chicago Academy of Sciences, Cambridge, Mass (1994).
35.
Stanford, Craig B.: The ape’s gift: meat-eating, meat-sharing and human evolution. In: Tree of origin: what primate behavior can tell us about human social evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA (2001).
36.
Relethford, J.H.: Classification of the hominoids. In: The human species: an introduction to biological anthropology. McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass (2006).
37.
COWLISHAW, G., DUNBAR, R.: Dominance rank and mating success in male primates. Animal Behaviour. 41, 1045–1056 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80642-6.
38.
Whiten, A., Boesch, C.: The cultures of chimpanzees. Scientific American. 284, 48–55 (1999).
39.
Whiten, A., Boesch, C.: The Cultures of Chimpanzees. Scientific American. 284, 60–67 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0101-60.
40.
Haslam, M., Hernandez-Aguilar, A., Ling, V., Carvalho, S., de la Torre, I., DeStefano, A., Du, A., Hardy, B., Harris, J., Marchant, L., Matsuzawa, T., McGrew, W., Mercader, J., Mora, R., Petraglia, M., Roche, H., Visalberghi, E., Warren, R.: Primate archaeology. Nature. 460, 339–344 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08188.
41.
Higham, J.P., Warren, Y., Adanu, J., Umaru, B.N., MacLarnon, A.M., Sommer, V., Ross, C.: Living on the edge: life-history of olive baboons at Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Nigeria. American Journal of Primatology. 71, 293–304 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20651.
42.
Schöning, C., Humle, T., Möbius, Y., McGrew, W.C.: The nature of culture: Technological variation in chimpanzee predation on army ants revisited. Journal of Human Evolution. 55, 48–59 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.002.
43.
Hrdy, S.B.: Meet the Alloparents: Shared child care may be the secret of human evolutionary success.
44.
MANSON, J.H.: Infant handling in wildCebus capucinus: testing bonds between females? Animal Behaviour. 57, 911–921 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.1052.
45.
McKenna, J.J.: The Evolution of Allomothering Behavior among Colobine Monkeys: Function and Opportunism in Evolution. American Anthropologist. 81, 818–840 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1979.81.4.02a00040.
46.
Milinski et al , M.: Donors to Charity Gain in Both Indirect Reciprocity and Political Reputation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 881–883.
47.
Morgan, B.J., Abwe, E.E.: Chimpanzees use stone hammers in Cameroon. Current Biology. 16, R632–R633 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.045.
48.
Palombit, R.A., Cheney, D.L., Seyfarth, R.M.: Female–female competition for male ‘friends’ in wild chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus). Animal Behaviour. 61, 1159–1171 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1690.
49.
PARISH, A.R., DE WAAL, F.B.M., HAIG, D.: The Other "Closest Living Relative”: How Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Challenge Traditional Assumptions about Females, Dominance, Intra- and Intersexual Interactions, and Hominid Evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 907, 97–113 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06618.x.
50.
Paul, A.: The socioecology of infant handling in primates: Is the current model convincing? Primates. 40, 33–46 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02557700.
51.
Paul, A.: Sexual Selection and Mate Choice . International Journal of Primatology. 23, 877–904 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015533100275.
52.
Reichard, U., Sommer, V.: Group Encounters in Wild Gibbons (Hylobates Lar): Agonism, Affiliation, and the Concept of Infanticide. Behaviour. 134, 1135–1174 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1163/156853997X00106.
53.
Santos, L.R., Nissen, A.G., Ferrugia, J.A.: Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, know what others can and cannot hear. Animal Behaviour. 71, 1175–1181 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.10.007.
54.
Schöning, C., Ellis, D., Fowler, A., Sommer, V.: Army ant prey availability and consumption by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes vellerosus) at Gashaka (Nigeria). Journal of Zoology. 271, 125–133 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00177.x.
55.
Schradin, C., Anzenberger, G.: Costs of infant carrying in common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus: an experimental analysis. Animal Behaviour. 62, 289–295 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1767.
56.
Setchell, J.M., Charpentier, M., Wickings, E.J.: Mate guarding and paternity in mandrills: factors influencing alpha male monopoly. Animal Behaviour. 70, 1105–1120 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.02.021.
57.
Silk, J.B.: Females, food, family, and friendship. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 11, 85–87 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.10011.
58.
Silk, J.B.: Kin Selection In Primate Groups . International Journal of Primatology. 23, 849–875 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015581016205.
59.
Soltis, J.: Do primate females gain nonprocreative benefits by mating with multiple males? Theoretical and empirical considerations. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 11, 187–197 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.10025.
60.
Sommer, V., Denham, A., Little, K.: Postconflict behaviour of wild Indian langur monkeys: avoidance of opponents but rarely affinity. Animal Behaviour. 63, 637–648 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1897.
61.
Stanford, C.B.: The Social Behavior of Chimpanzees and Bonobos: Empirical Evidence and Shifting Assumptions. Current Anthropology. 39, 399–420 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1086/204757.
62.
VAN SCHAIK, C.P., Dunbar, R.I.M.: The Evolution of Monogamy in Large Primates: a New Hypothesis and Some Crucial Tests. Behaviour. 115, 30–61 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1163/156853990X00284.
63.
West, S.A., Griffin, A.S., Gardner, A.: Evolutionary Explanations for Cooperation. Current Biology. 17, R661–R672 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.004.
64.
Whiten, A.: The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans. Nature. 437, 52–55 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04023.
65.
Whiten, A., Goodall, J., McGrew, W.C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin#, C.E.G., Wrangham, R.W., Boesch, C.: Cultures in chimpanzees. Nature. 399, 682–685 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/21415.
66.
Wildman, D.E.: Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100, 7181–7188 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1232172100.
67.
Widdig, A.: Paternal relatedness and age proximity regulate social relationships among adult female rhesus macaques. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98, 13769–13773 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.241210198.
68.
Sommer , V.: The holy wars about infanticide. Which side are you on? And why? In: Infanticide by males and its implications. pp. 2–26. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000).
69.
Volker Sommer : The holy wars about infanticide. Which side are you on? And why? In: Infanticide by males and its implications . pp. 9–26. Cambridge University Press , Cambridge (2000).
70.
van Noordwijk, M.A., van Schaik, C.P.: Sexual selection and the careers of primate males: paternity concentration, dominance acquisition tactics and transfer decisions. In: Sexual selection in primates: new and comparative perspectives. pp. 208–229. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004).
71.
van Schaik, C.: Infanticide by male primates: the sexual selection hypothesis revisited. In: Infanticide by males and its implications. pp. 27–60. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000).