Abusch, I. Tzvi, and K. van der Toorn. 1999. Mesopotamian Magic: Textual, Historical, and Interpretative Perspectives. Vol. Ancient magic and divination. Groningen: Styx Publications.
Adams, Robert McC. 2007. ‘The Limits of State Power on the Mesopotamian Plain’. Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin (1).
Algaze, Guillermo. 2001. ‘The Prehistory of Imperialism: The Case of Uruk Period Mesopotamia’. Pp. 3–26 in Uruk Mesopotamia & its neighbors: cross-cultural interactions in the era of state formation. Vol. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Algaze, Guillermo. 2013. ‘The End of Prehistory and the Uruk Period’. Pp. 68–94 in The Sumerian world. Vol. The Routledge worlds. London: Routledge.
Andersson, Jakob. 2012. Kingship in the Early Mesopotamian Onomasticon 2800-2200 BCE. Vol. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Semitica Upsaliensia. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
Anon. 2016a. ‘The Death of Utu-Hegal and Other Historical Omens’. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 68. doi: 10.5615/jcunestud.68.2016.0129.
Anon. 2016b. ‘The Flooding of Ešnunna, the Fall of Mari: Hammurabi’s Deeds in Babylonian Literature and History’. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 68. doi: 10.5615/jcunestud.68.2016.0015.
Anon. 2017. ‘Nonadministrative Documents from Archaic Ur and from Early Dynastic I–II Mesopotamia: A New Textual and Archaeological Analysis’. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 69. doi: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0003.
Anon. n.d.-a. ‘British Museum Collection Search’. Retrieved (http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx).
Anon. n.d.-b. ‘Louvre Museum Catalogue Search’. Retrieved (http://cartelen.louvre.fr/cartelen/visite?srv=crt_frm_rs&langue=en&initCritere=true).
Anon. n.d.-c. ‘Metropolitan Museum of Art Collection Search’. Retrieved (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online).
Anon. n.d.-d. ‘Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Collections Search’. Retrieved (http://oi-idb.uchicago.edu/).
Anon. n.d.-e. ‘Penn Museum - Online Collections Search’. Retrieved (http://www.penn.museum/collections/).
ARCANE Project. 2015. History & Philology. Vol. III. edited by W. Sallaberger and I. Schrakamp. Turnhout: Brepols.
Attia, Annie, Gilles Buisson, and International Conference ‘Oeil malade et mauvais oeil’. 2009. Advances in Mesopotamian Medicine from Hammurabi to Hippocrates: Proceedings of the International Conference ‘Oeil Malade et Mauvais Oeil’, Collège de France, Paris, 23rd June 2006. Vol. Cuneiform monographs. Leiden: Brill.
Avalos, Hector. 1995. Illness and Health Care in the Ancient Near East: The Role of the Temple in Greece, Mesopotamia, and Israel. Vol. Harvard Semitic Museum publications. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press.
Bahrani, Zainab. 2006. ‘Race and Ethnicity in Mesopotamian Antiquity’. World Archaeology 38(1):48–59. doi: 10.1080/00438240500509843.
Bahrani, Zainab. 2017. Mesopotamia: Ancient Art and Architecture. London: Thames & Hudson.
Bahrani, Zainab, Zeynep Çelik, Edhem Eldem, and SALT (Organization). 2011. Scramble for the Past: A Story of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753-1914. Istanbul: SALT.
Bartash, Vitali. 2015. ‘Children in Institutional Households of Late Uruk Period Mesopotamia’. Zeitschrift Für Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 105(2). doi: 10.1515/za-2015-0012.
Bernhardsson, Magnus. 2007. ‘The Sense of Belonging: The Politics of Archaeology in Modern Iraq’. in Selective remembrances: archaeology in the construction, commemoration, and consecration of national pasts.
Bernhardsson, Magnus T. 2011. ‘Faith in the Future: Nostalgic Nationalism and 1950s Baghdad’. History Compass 9(10):802–17. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2011.00801.x.
Bernhardsson, Magnus Thorkell. 2005a. Reclaiming a Plundered Past: Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Bernhardsson, Magnus Thorkell. 2005b. Reclaiming a Plundered Past: Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Bertin, G. 1889. ‘The Races of the Babylonian Empire’. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 18. doi: 10.2307/2842403.
Bienkowski, Piotr, and A. R. Millard. 2000. Dictionary of the Ancient Near East. London: British Museum Press.
Biggs, R. D. 2000. ‘Conception, Contraception, and Abortion in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Pp. 1–13 in Wisdom, gods and literature: studies in Assyriology in honour of W.G. Lambert. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns.
Black, Jeremy A. 1998. Reading Sumerian Poetry. Vol. Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern studies. London: Athlone Press.
Black, Jeremy A. 2002. ‘The Sumerians in Their Landscape’. Pp. 41–61 in Riches hidden in secret places: ancient Near Eastern studies in memory of Thorkild Jacobsen. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
Black, Jeremy A., Graham Cunningham, Eleanor Robson, and Gábor Zólyomi. 2004a. The Literature of Ancient Sumer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Black, Jeremy A., Graham Cunningham, Eleanor Robson, and Gábor Zólyomi. 2004b. The Literature of Ancient Sumer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Black, Jeremy A., Anthony Green, and Tessa Rickards. 1992. Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. London: British Museum Press.
Black, Jeremy, Graham Cunningham, Jarle Ebeling, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jonathan Taylor, and Gábor Zólyomi. n.d. ‘The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL)’. Retrieved (http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/#).
Bock, Barbara. 2014. The Healing Goddess Gula: Towards an Understanding of Ancient Babylonian Medicine. Vol. v. 67. Leiden: Brill.
Bohrer, Frederick Nathaniel. 2003. Orientalism and Visual Culture: Imagining Mesopotamia in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bottéro, Jean. 1992a. Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bottéro, Jean. 1992b. ‘The "code” of Hammurabi’. Pp. 156–84 in Mesopotamia: writing, reasoning, and the gods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Brack-Bernsen, Lis. 2007. ‘The 360-Day Year in Mesopotamia’. Pp. 83–100 in Calendars and years: astronomy and time in the Ancient Near East. Oxford: Oxbow.
Breasted, James Henry. 1919. ‘The Place of the near Orient in the Career of Man and the Task of the American Orientalist’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 39. doi: 10.2307/592730.
Brinton, Daniel G. n.d. ‘The Protohistoric Ethnography of Western Asia’.
Brisch, Nicole. 2011. ‘Changing Images of Kingship in Sumerian Literature’. in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Brisch, Nicole. 2013. ‘Of Gods and Kings: Divine Kingship in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Religion Compass 7(2):37–46. doi: 10.1111/rec3.12031.
Brown, David, and Gábor Zólyomi. 2001. ‘“Daylight Converts to Night-Time”: An Astrological-Astronomical Reference in Sumerian Literary Context’. Iraq 63:149–54.
Buxton, L. H. 1924. ‘Appendix on the Human Remains Excavated at Kish’. Pp. 115–25 in Excavations at Kish: The Herbert Weld (for the University of Oxford) and Field museum of natural history (Chicago) expedition to Mesopotamia. Vol. I. Paris: P. Geuthner.
Buxton, L. H. Dudley, and D. Talbot Rice. 1931. ‘Report on the Human Remains Found at Kish.’ The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 61. doi: 10.2307/2843826.
Cavigneaux, Antoine. 1999. ‘A Scholar’s Library at Me-Turan?’ Pp. 253–73 in Mesopotamian magic: textual, historical, and interpretative perspectives. Vol. 1. Groningen: Styx Publications.
Charpin, Dominique. 2010a. Reading and Writing in Babylon. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Charpin, Dominique. 2010b. Reading and Writing in Babylon. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Charpin, Dominique. 2011. ‘Patron and Client: Zimri-Lim and Asqudum The Diviner’. in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Charpin, Dominique. 2012. Hammurabi of Babylon. London: I.B. Tauris.
Charpin, Dominique. 2013. ‘”I Am the Sun of Babylon”: Solar Aspects of Royal Power in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia’. Pp. 65–96 in Experiencing power, generating authority: cosmos, politics, and the ideology of kingship in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Vol. Penn Museum international research conferences. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
Charpin, Dominique. 2015. Gods, Kings, and Merchants in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia. Vol. Publications de l’Institut du Proche-Orient Ancien du Collège de France. Leuven: Peeters.
Charpin, Dominique. n.d. ‘Archives Babyloniennes, XXe-XVIIe Siècles Av. J.-C. (ARCHIBAB)’. Retrieved (http://www.archibab.fr/en/accueil.htm).
Chavalas, Mark W. 2006. The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation. Vol. Blackwell sourcebooks in ancient history. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.
Chen, Y. S. 2012a. ‘The Flood Motif as a Stylistic and Temporal Device in Sumerian Literary Traditions*’. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 12(2):158–89. doi: 10.1163/15692124-12341236.
Chen, Y. S. 2012b. ‘The Flood Motif as a Stylistic and Temporal Device in Sumerian Literary Traditions*’. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 12(2):158–89. doi: 10.1163/15692124-12341236.
Chen, Y. S. 2013. The Primeval Flood Catastrophe. Oxford University Press.
Childe, V. Gordon. 1929. The Most Ancient East: The Oriental Prelude to European Prehistory. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
Christina Tsouparopoulou. 2015. ‘Spreading the Royal Word: The (Im)Materiality of Communication in Early Mesopotamia’. Pp. 7–23 in Communication and Materiality: Written and Unwritten Communication in Pre-Modern Societies. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Ciraolo, Leda, and Jonathan Seidel. 2002. Magic and Divination in the Ancient World. Vol. Ancient magic and divination. Leiden: Styx.
Cohen, Andrew C. 2005. Death Rituals, Ideology, and the Development of Early Mesopotamian Kingship: Toward a New Understanding of Iraq’s Royal Cemetery of Ur. Vol. 7. Leiden: Brill.
Cohen, Mark E. 2015. Festivals and Calendars of the Ancient Near East. Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press.
Collins, Paul. 2016. Mountains and Lowlands: Ancient Iran and Mesopotamia. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum.
Collins, Paul, and Charles Tripp, eds. 2017a. Gertrude Bell and Iraq: A Life and Legacy. Vol. Proceedings of the British Academy. First edition. Oxford: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press.
Collins, Paul, and Charles Tripp, eds. 2017b. Gertrude Bell and Iraq: A Life and Legacy. Vol. Proceedings of the British Academy. First edition. Oxford: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press.
Cooley, Jeffrey. 2008. ‘Early Mesopotamian Astral Science and Divination in the Myth of Inana And Šukaletuda’. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 8:75–98. doi: 10.1163/156921208786182446.
Cooley, Jeffrey L. 2013. Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative. Vol. 5. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns.
Cooper, Jerrold. 2001. ‘Literature and History: The Historical and Political Referents of Sumerian Literary Texts’. Pp. 131–47 in Proceedings of the XLVe Rencontre assyriologique internationale. Vol. 1. Bethesda, Md: CDL.
Cooper, Jerrold. 2002. ‘Virginity in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Pp. 91–112 in Sex and gender in the Ancient Near East: proceedings of the 47th Recontre Assyriologique Internationale, Helsinki, July 2-6, 2001. Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project.
Cooper, Jerrold. 2010. ‘“I Have Forgotten My Burden of Former Days!” Forgetting the Sumerians in Ancient Iraq’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 130:327–35.
Cooper, Jerrold S. 1991. ‘Posing the Sumerian Question: Race and Scholarship in the Early History of Assyriology’. Aula Orientalis 9:47–66.
Cooper, Jerrold S. 1993. ‘Sumerian and Aryan : Racial Theory, Academic Politics and Parisian Assyriology’. Revue de l’histoire Des Religions 210(2):169–205. doi: 10.3406/rhr.1993.1437.
Cooper, Jerrold S. 2004a. ‘Babylonian Beginnings: The Origin of the Cuneiform Writing System in Comparative Perspective’. Pp. 71–99 in The first writing: script invention as history and process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cooper, Jerrold S. 2004b. ‘Babylonian Beginnings: The Origin of the Cuneiform Writing System in Comparative Perspective’. Pp. 71–99 in The first writing: script invention as history and process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Costello, Sarah Kielt. 2011. ‘Image, Memory and Ritual: Re-Viewing the Antecedents of Writing’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21(02):247–62. doi: 10.1017/S0959774311000266.
Couto-Ferreira, M. Erica. 2014. ‘She Will Give Birth Easily: Therapeutic Approaches to Childbirth in 1st Millennium BCE Cuneiform Sources’. Dynamis 34(2):289–315. doi: 10.4321/S0211-95362014000200002.
Crawford, Harriet E. W. 2013. The Sumerian World. Vol. The Routledge worlds. London: Routledge.
Crawford, Harriet E. W. 2015. Ur: The City of the Moon God. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Cregan-Reid, Vybarr. 2015. Discovering Gilgamesh: Geology, Narrative and the Historical Sublime in Victorian Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Crisostomo, C. Jay. n.d. ‘Writing Sumerian, Creating Texts: Reflections on Text-Building Practices in Old Babylonian Schools’. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 15(2). doi: 10.1163/15692124-123412711.
Crossen, Craig. 2013. ‘“The Sting” at Adab: Edgar James Banks and Early American Archaeology in Iraq’. Anthropology of the Middle East 8(1). doi: 10.3167/ame.2013.080106.
Cunningham, Graham. 1997. Deliver Me from Evil: Mesopotamian Incantations, 2500-1500 BC. Vol. 17. Roma: Pontifcio Istituto Biblico.
Dahl, Jacob L. 2007. The Ruling Family of Ur III Umma: A Prosopographical Analysis of an Elite Family in Southern Iraq 4000 Years Ago. Vol. 108. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.
Dahl, Jacob L. 2013. ‘Early Writing in Iran’. in The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, edited by D. T. Potts. Oxford University Press.
Damerow, Peter. n.d. ‘The Origins of Writing as a Problem of Historical Epistemology’. Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2006(1).
Damrosch, David. 2007. The Buried Book: The Loss and Rediscovery of the Great Epic of Gilgamesh. New York: H. Holt.
Davis, Thomas W. 2004a. Shifting Sands: The Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Davis, Thomas W. 2004b. Shifting Sands: The Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Cesari, Chiara. 2015. ‘Post-Colonial Ruins: Archaeologies of Political Violence and IS’. Anthropology Today 31(6):22–26. doi: 10.1111/1467-8322.12214.
Delnero, Paul. 2010. ‘SUMERIAN EXTRACT TABLETS AND SCRIBAL EDUCATION’. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 62.
Delnero, Paul. 2012. ‘Memorization and the Transmission of Sumerian Literary Compositions’. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 71(2):189–208. doi: 10.1086/666645.
Delnero, Paul. 2016. ‘Scholarship and Inquiry in Early Mesopotamia’. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 2(2). doi: 10.1515/janeh-2016-0008.
Delnero, Paul, and Jacob Lauinger. 2015a. Texts and Contexts: The Circulation and Transmission of Cuneiform Texts in Social Space. Vol. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records (SANER). Berlin ;Boston: De Gruyter.
Delnero, Paul, and Jacob Lauinger, eds. 2015b. Texts and Contexts: The Circulation and Transmission of Cuneiform Texts in Social Space. Vol. volume 9. Boston: De Gruyter.
Démare‐Lafont, Sophie. 2011. ‘Judicial Decision-Making: Judges and Arbitrators’. in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Díaz-Andreu García, Margarita. 2007. A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology: Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Past. Vol. Oxford studies in the history of archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dickson, D. Bruce. 2006. ‘Public Transcripts Expressed in Theatres of Cruelty: The Royal Graves at Ur in Mesopotamia’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 16(02). doi: 10.1017/S0959774306000084.
Dickson, D. Bruce. 2013. ‘Kingship as Racketeering: He Royal Tombs and Death Pits at Ur, Mesopotamia, Reinterpreted from the Standpoint of Conflict Theory’. Pp. 311–28 in Experiencing power, generating authority: cosmos, politics, and the ideology of kingship in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Vol. v. 6. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
Eidem, J. 2011. The Royal Archives from Tell Leilan: Old Babylonian Letters and Treaties from the Lower Town Palace East. Vol. Pihans. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te Leiden. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.
Eleanor Robson. 2007. ‘Numeracy, Literacy, and the State in Early Mesopotamia’. Pp. 37–50 in Literacy and the State in the Ancient Mediterranean, edited by K. Lomas, R. D. Whitehouse, and J. B. Wilkins. London: Accordia Research Institute.
Emberling, Geoff. 2015. ‘Mesopotamian Cities and Urban Process, 3500–1600 BCE’. Pp. 253–78 in The Cambridge World History, edited by N. Yoffee. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Englund, R. 1988. ‘Administrative Timekeeping in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 31.
Englund, Robert. 2005. ‘The Invention of Cuneiform: Writing in Sumer’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 125:113–16.
Englund, Robert K. 1991a. ‘Hard Work-Where Will It Get You? Labor Management in Ur III Mesopotamia’. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 50(4):255–80. doi: 10.1086/373514.
Englund, Robert K. 1991b. ‘Hard Work-Where Will It Get You? Labor Management in Ur III Mesopotamia’. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 50(4):255–80. doi: 10.1086/373514.
Englund, Robert K. 2011. Accounting in Proto-Cuneiform. Oxford University Press.
Evans, Jean M. 2012. ‘Chapter 1: “Sumerian Origins, 1850–1930”’. in The Lives of Sumerian Sculpture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fagan, Brian M. 2007. Return to Babylon: Travelers, Archaeologists, and Monuments in Mesopotamia. Rev. ed. Boulder, Colo: University Press of Colorado.
Farber, Walter. 2004. ‘How to Marry a Disease: Epidemics, Contagion, and a Ritual Magic against the "Hand of a Ghost”’. Pp. 117–32 in Magic and rationality in ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman medicine. Vol. Studies in ancient medicine. Leiden: Brill.
Farber, Walter. 2007. ‘Lamaštu: Agent of a Specific Disease or a Generic Destroyer of Health?’ Pp. 137–45 in Disease in Babylonia. Vol. 36. Leiden: Brill.
Feldt, Laura. 2016. ‘Religion, Nature, and Ambiguous Space in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Mountain Wilderness in Old Babylonian Religious Narratives’. Numen 63(4):347–82. doi: 10.1163/15685276-12341392.
Finkel, I. L. n.d. ‘A Study in Scarlet: Incantations against Samana’. Pp. 71–106 in Festschrift für Rykle Borger zu seinem 65. Geburtstag am 24. Mai 1994 : tikip santakki mala bašmu / herausgegeben von Stefan M. Maul.
Finkel, Irving L., and Markham J. Geller. 2007. Disease in Babylonia. Vol. Cuneiform monographs. Leiden: Brill.
Foster, Benjamin. 1981. ‘A New Look At the Sumerian Temple State’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 24(1):225–41. doi: 10.1163/156852081X00103.
Foster, Benjamin R. 2005. Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature. 3rd ed. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press.
Foster, Benjamin R. 2016. The Age of Agade: Inventing Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Foster, Benjamin R ; Foster, Karen Polinger ; Gerstenblith, Patty. n.d. Iraq beyond the Headlines: History, Archaeology, and War.
Frankfort, Henri. 1932. Archeology and the Sumerian Problem. Vol. The Oriental institute of the University of Chicago. Studies in ancient oriental civilization. Chicago: The University of Chicago press.
Frayne, Douglas. 1993. Sargonic and Gutian Periods, (2334-2113 BC). Vol. The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Early periods. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Frayne, Douglas. 1997a. Ur III Period (2112-2004 B C). Vol. The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Early periods. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Frayne, Douglas. 1997b. Ur III Period (2112-2004 B C). Vol. v. 3/2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Frayne, Douglas. 2008. Presargonic Period, 2700-2350 BC. Vol. The royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Early periods. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Friberg, Jöran. 1994. ‘Preliterate Counting and Accounting in the Middle East’. Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 89(5–6). doi: 10.1524/olzg.1994.89.56.477.
Gansell, Amy Rebecca. 2007. ‘Identity and Adornment in the Third-Millennium BC Mesopotamian “Royal Cemetery” at Ur’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 17(01):26–46. doi: 10.1017/S0959774307000042.
Garfinkle, Stephen J. 2008. ‘Was the Ur III State Bureaucratic? Patrimonialism and Bureaucracy in the Ur III Period’. Pp. 55–62 in The growth of an Early State in Mesopotamia: studies in Ur III administration : proceedings of the First and Second Ur III Worshops at the 49th and 51st Rencontre assyriologique internationale, London July 10, 2003 and Chicago July 19, 2005. Vol. Biblioteca del próximo oriente antiguo. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Garfinkle, Stephen J. 2013. ‘3. ‘The Third Dynasty of Ur and the Limits of State Power in Early Mesopotamia’. Pp. 153–68 in From the 21st century B.C. to the 21st century A.D.: proceedings of the International Conference on Neo-Sumerian Studies held in Madrid 22-24 July 2010. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
Garfinkle, Steven J. 2012. Entrepreneurs and Enterprise in Early Mesopotamia: A Study of Three Archives from the Third Dynasty of Ur (2112-2004 BCE). Vol. Cornell University studies in Assyriology and Sumerology (CUSAS). Bethesda, Md: CDL Press.
Garfinkle, Steven J. 2015. ‘Ur III Administrative Texts : Building Blocks of State Community’. Pp. 143–65 in exts and Contexts The Circulation and Transmission of Cuneiform Texts in Social Space. de Gruyter.
Geller, Markham J. and Wiley InterScience (Online service). 2010. Ancient Babylonian Medicine: Theory and Practice. Vol. Ancient cultures. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
George, A. R. 2003. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian. London: Penguin Books.
Gianni Marchesi. 2010. ‘The Sumerian King List and the Early History of Mesopotamia’. Pp. 231–48 in ana turri gimilli: Studi Dedicati al Padre Werner R. Mayer, SJ da Amici e Allievi. Rome: Università ‘La Sapienza’.
Glassner, Jean-Jacques, Zainab Bahrani, and Marc Van de Mieroop. 2003. The Invention of Cuneiform: Writing in Sumer. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Goode, James F. 2007a. Negotiating for the Past: Archaeology, Nationalism, and Diplomacy in the Middle East, 1919-1941. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Goode, James F. 2007b. Negotiating for the Past: Archaeology, Nationalism, and Diplomacy in the Middle East, 1919-1941. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Hallo, William W., and K. Lawson Younger. 1997. The Context of Scripture. Leiden: Brill.
Head, Ronan. n.d. Ancient Law Collections Online.
Heffron, Yağmur. 2014. ‘Revisiting “Noise” (Rigmu) in Atra-Hasis in Light of Baby Incantations’. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 73(1):83–93. doi: 10.1086/674916.
Hendel, Ron. 2005. ‘Genesis 1–11 and Its Mesopotamian Problem’. Pp. 23–36 in Cultural borrowings and ethnic appropriations in antiquity. Vol. Oriens et occidens. Stuttgart: F. Steiner.
Holloway, Steven W. 2001. ‘Biblical Assyria and Other Anxieties in the British Empire’. Journal of Religion and Society 3:1–19.
Holloway, Steven W. 2006a. Orientalism, Assyriology and the Bible. Vol. Hebrew Bible monographs. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press.
Holloway, Steven W. 2006b. Orientalism, Assyriology and the Bible. Vol. Hebrew Bible monographs. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press.
HOOCK, HOLGER. 2007. ‘THE BRITISH STATE AND THE ANGLO-FRENCH WARS OVER ANTIQUITIES, 1798–1858’. The Historical Journal 50(01). doi: 10.1017/S0018246X06005917.
Horstmanshoff, H. F. J., Marten Stol, and C. R. van Tilburg. 2004. Magic and Rationality in Ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman Medicine. Vol. Studies in ancient medicine. Leiden: Brill.
Høyrup, Jens. 2001. Lengths, Widths, Surfaces: A Portrait of Old Babylonian Algebra and Its Kin. Vol. Studies and sources in the history of mathematics and physical sciences. New York: Springer.
Høyrup, Jens. 2002. ‘How to Educate a Kapo, or Reflections on the Absence of a Culture of Mathematical Problems in Ur III’. Pp. 121–45 in Under one sky: astronomy and mathematics in the ancient Near East. Vol. Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
Hruška, B. 2007. ‘Agricultural Techniques’. Pp. 54–65 in The Babylonian world. New York: Routledge.
Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. ‘The Clash of Civilizations?’ Foreign Affairs 72(3). doi: 10.2307/20045621.
Ilya Khait. 2012. ‘The Old Babylonian Omens in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow’. Pp. 31–60 in Babel und Bibel. Vol. 6.
Isakhan, Benjamin. 2011. ‘Targeting the Symbolic Dimension of Baathist Iraq: Cultural Destruction, Historical Memory, and National Identity’. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 4(3):257–81. doi: 10.1163/187398611X590200.
Isakhan, Benjamin, ed. 2015. The Legacy of Iraq: From the 2003 War to the ‘Islamic State’. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Jacobsen, Thorkild. 1939. ‘The Assumed Conflict between Sumerians and Semites in Early Mesopotamian History’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 59(4). doi: 10.2307/594482.
Jacquet, Antoine. 2013. ‘Family Archives in Mesopotamia during the Old Babylonian Period’. Pp. 62–86 in Archives and Archival Documents in Ancient Societies.
Jeyes, Ulla. 1989. Old Babylonian Extispicy: Omen Texts in the British Museum. Vol. 64. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul.
Jonathan Valk. 2016. ‘"They Enjoy Syrup and Ghee at Tables of Silver and Gold”: Infant Loss in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 59(5):695–749. doi: 10.1163/15685209-12341412.
Jones, Tom Bard. 1969. The Sumerian Problem. Vol. Major issues in history. New York: London.
Jonker, Gerdien. 1995. The Topography of Remembrance : The Dead, Tradition and Collective Memory in Mesopotamia.
Katz, Dina. 2007. ‘Sumerian Funerary Rituals in Context’. Pp. 167–88 in Performing death: social analyses of funerary traditions in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Vol. no. 3. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Katz, Dina. 2013. ‘Time in Death and Afterlife: The Concept of Time and the Belief in Afterlife’. Pp. 117–26 in Time and history in the ancient Near East: proceedings of the 56th Rencontre assyriologique internationale at Barcelona, 26-30 July 2010. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns.
Kelly, Jason M. 2009. The Society of Dilettanti: Archaeology and Identity in the British Enlightenment. New Haven: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press.
Klein, Jacob. 2008. ‘The Brockmon Collection Duplicate of the Sumerian Kinglist (BT 14)’. Pp. 77–91 in On the Third Dynasty of Ur: studies in honor of Marcel Sigrist. Vol. 1. Boston, Mass: American Schools of Oriental Research.
Koch-Westenholz, Ulla. 2002. ‘Old Babylonian Extispicy Reports’. Pp. 131–46 in Mining the archives: Festschrift for Christopher Walker on the occasion of his 60th birthday, 4 October 2002. Vol. 1. Dresden: ISLET.
Kuhrt, Amélie. 1995. The Ancient Near East: C.3000-330 BC. Vol. Routledge history of the ancient world. London: Routledge.
Kuklick, Bruce. 1996a. Puritans in Babylon: The Ancient Near East and American Intellectual Life, 1880-1930. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
Kuklick, Bruce. 1996b. Puritans in Babylon: The Ancient Near East and American Intellectual Life, 1880-1930. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
Larsen, Mogens Trolle. 1996a. The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in an Antique Land, 1840-1860. New York: Routledge.
Larsen, Mogens Trolle. 1996b. The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in an Antique Land, 1840-1860. New York: Routledge.
Larsen, Morgens Trolle. 1995. ‘Orientalism and Near Eastern Archaeology’. Pp. 228–39 in Domination and resistance. Vol. One world archaeology. New York: Routledge.
Lawrence, Dan, and T. J. Wilkinson. 2015. ‘Hubs and Upstarts: Pathways to Urbanism in the Northern Fertile Crescent’. Antiquity 89(344):328–44. doi: 10.15184/aqy.2014.44.
Leick, Gwendolyn. 1999. Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East. Vol. Who’s who series. London: Routledge.
Leick, Gwendolyn. 2001. ‘Uruk’. Pp. 30-60-311–13 in Mesopotamia: the invention of the city. London: Allen Lane.
Leick, Gwendolyn. 2007. The Babylonian World. Vol. The Routledge worlds. New York: Routledge.
Lerberghe, Karel van, Gabriele Voet, and Rencontre assyriologique internationale. 1999. ‘A Meeting of Cultures? Rethinking “The Marriage of Martu”’. Pp. 461–75 in Languages and cultures in contact: at the crossroads of civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian realm ; proceedings of the 42th [sic] RAI. Vol. 96. Leuven: Peeters.
Lion, Brigitte. 2011. ‘Literacy and Gender’. in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Liverani, Mario. 2010. ‘"Untruthful Steles”: Propaganda and Reliability in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Pp. 229–44 in Opening the tablet box: Near Eastern studies in honor of Benjamin R. Foster. Vol. Culture and history of the ancient Near East. Leiden: Brill.
Liverani, Mario. 2014a. The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. London: Routledge.
Liverani, Mario. 2014b. The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. London: Routledge.
Liverani, Mario. 2016a. Imagining Babylon. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Liverani, Mario. 2016b. Imagining Babylon. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Liverani, Mario, Zainab Bahrani, and Marc Van de Mieroop. 2006. Uruk: The First City. Vol. BibleWorld. London: Equinox.
Lloyd, Seton. 1980a. Foundations in the Dust: The Story of Mesopotamian Exploration. Rev. and enl. ed. London: Thames and Hudson.
Lloyd, Seton. 1980b. Foundations in the Dust: The Story of Mesopotamian Exploration. Rev. and enl. ed. London: Thames and Hudson.
Maisels, Charles Keith. 1992. The Near East: Archaeology in the ’cradle of Civilization`. Vol. The experience of archaeology. London: Routledge.
Marchand, Suzanne. 2001. ‘German Orientalism and the Decline of the West’. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 154(4).
Marchand, Suzanne L. and German Historical Institute (Washington, D.C.). 2009. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race, and Scholarship. Vol. Publications of the German Historical Institute. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute.
Marchesi, Gianni. 2004. ‘Who Was Buried in the Royal Tombs of Ur? The Epigraphic and Textual Data’. Orientalia 73(2):153–97.
Marchesi, Gianni, and Nicolò Marchetti. 2011. Royal Statuary of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia. Vol. Mesopotamian civilizations. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns.
Margueron, Jean. 2014. Mari: Capital of Northern Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium BC : The Archaeology of Tell Hariri on the Euphrates. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Maul, Stefan. 2008. ‘Walking Backwards into the Future: The Conceptualisation of Time in the Ancient Near East’. Pp. 15–24 in Given world and time: temporalities in context. Budapest: CEU Press.
McMahon, Augusta, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, and Jill Weber. 2011. ‘Late Chalcolithic Mass Graves at Tell Brak, Syria, and Violent Conflict during the Growth of Early City-States’. Journal of Field Archaeology 36(3):201–20. doi: 10.1179/009346911X12991472411123.
Meskell, Lynn. 1998. Archaeology under Fire: Nationalism, Politics and Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. London: Routledge.
Michalowski, Piotr. 1983. ‘History as Charter: Some Observations on the Sumerian King List’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 103:237–48.
Michalowski, Piotr. 1999. ‘Commemoration, Writing, and Genre in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Pp. 69–90 in The limits of historiography: genre and narrative in ancient historical texts. Vol. 191. Leiden: Brill.
Michalowski, Piotr. 2004. ‘The Ideological Foundations of the Ur III State’. Pp. 219–35 in 2000 v. Chr: politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung im Zeichen einer Jahrtausendwende : 3. Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft, 4.-7. April 2000 in Frankfurt/Main und Marburg/Lahn. Vol. Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Saarbrücken: In Kommission bei SDV, Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag.
Michalowski, Piotr. 2006. ‘How to Read the Liver — in Sumerian’. Pp. 247–57 in If a man builds a joyful house: Assyriological studies in honor of Erle Verdun Leichty. Vol. v. 31. Leiden: Brill.
Michalowski, Piotr. 2010. ‘Masters of the Four Corners of the Heavens: Views of the Universe in Early Mesopotamian Writings’. Pp. 147–68 in Geography and ethnography: Perceptions of the world in pre-modern societies. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Michalowski, Piotr. 2012. ‘Literacy, Schooling and the Transmission of Knowledge in Early Mesopotamian Culture’. Pp. 39–58 in Theory and practice of knowledge transfer: studies in school education in the ancient Near East and beyond : papers read at a symposium in Leiden, 17-19 December 2008. Vol. Pihans. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te Leiden. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.
Michalowski, Piotr. 2013. ‘Networks of Authority and Power in Early Mesopotamia’. Pp. 169–205 in From the 21st century B.C. to the 21st century A.D.: proceedings of the International Conference on Neo-Sumerian Studies held in Madrid 22-24 July 2010. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
Michalowski, Piotr, and Marcel Sigrist. 2008. On the Third Dynasty of Ur: Studies in Honor of Marcel Sigrist. Vol. number 1. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.
MIEROOP, MARC VAN DE. 1997. ‘Why Did They Write on Clay?’ Klio 79(1). doi: 10.1524/klio.1997.79.1.7.
Molina, Manuel. n.d. ‘Database of Neo-Sumerian Texts (BDTNS)’. Retrieved (http://bdtns.filol.csic.es/).
Netz, Reviel. 2002. ‘Counter Culture: Towards a History of Greek Numeracy’. History of Science 40(3):321–52. doi: 10.1177/007327530204000303.
Nicole, et al, Brisch. 2012. ‘Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses: List of Deities’. Retrieved (http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/index.html).
Nissen, Hans Jörg, Peter Damerow, Robert K. Englund, and Paul Larsen. 1993. Archaic Bookkeeping: Early Writing and Techniques of the Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press.
Oates, Joan and Folio Society (London, England). 2005. Babylon. London: Folio Society.
Oates, Joan, Augusta McMahon, Philip Karsgaard, Salam Al Quntar, and Jason Ur. 2007. ‘Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: A New View from the North’. Antiquity 81(313):585–600. doi: 10.1017/S0003598X00095600.
Oden, Robert A. 1981. ‘Transformations in near Eastern Myths: Genesis 1–11 and the Old Babylonian Epic of Atrahasis’. Religion 11(1):21–37. doi: 10.1016/S0048-721X(81)80058-9.
Ornan, Tallay. 2004. ‘The Goddess Gula and Her Dog’. Israel Museum Studies in Archaeology 3:13–30.
Overmann, Karenleigh A. 2016. ‘Beyond Writing: The Development of Literacy in the Ancient Near East’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26(02):285–303. doi: 10.1017/S0959774316000019.
Park, George K. 1963. ‘Divination and Its Social Contexts’. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 93(2). doi: 10.2307/2844242.
Philippe Quenet. 2005. ‘The Diffusion of the Cuneiform Writing System in Northern Mesopotamia: The Earliest Archaeological Evidence’. Iraq 67(2):31–40.
Pinches, T. G. 1892. ‘Upon the Types of the Early Inhabitants of Mesopotamia’. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 21. doi: 10.2307/2842276.
Pollock, Susan. 1999a. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was. Vol. Case studies in early societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pollock, Susan. 1999b. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was. Vol. Case studies in early societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pollock, Susan. 2007. ‘The Royal Cemetery of Ur: Ritual, Tradition, and the Creation of Subjects’. Pp. 89–110 in Representations of political power: case histories from times of change and dissolving order in the ancient Near East. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns.
Pollock, Susan, and Reinhard Bernbeck. 2005. Archaeologies of the Middle East: Critical Perspectives. Vol. Blackwell studies in global archaeology. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.
Postgate, Nicholas, Tao Wang, and Toby Wilkinson. 1995. ‘The Evidence for Early Writing: Utilitarian or Ceremonial?’ Antiquity 69(264):459–80. doi: 10.1017/S0003598X00081874.
Potts, Daniel T. 1997. Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations. London: Athlone Press.
Pournelle, Jennifer. 2013. ‘Physical Geography’. in The Sumerian world. London: Routledge.
Radner, Karen, and Eleanor Robson, eds. 2011a. The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Radner, Karen, and Eleanor Robson. 2011b. The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reid, John Nicholas. 2015. ‘Runaways and Fugitive-Catchers during the Third Dynasty of Ur’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 58(4):576–605. doi: 10.1163/15685209-12341383.
Reid, John Nicholas. 2018. ‘The Birth of the Prison: The Functions of Imprisonment in Early Mesopotamia’. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 3(2):81–115. doi: 10.1515/janeh-2017-0008.
Renger, Johannes. 2001. ‘When Tablets Talk Business: Reflections on Mesopotamian Economic History and Its Contribution to a General History of Mesopotamia’. Pp. 409–16 in Proceedings of the XLVe Rencontre assyriologique internationale. Bethesda, Md: CDL.
Rey, Sébastien. 2016. For the Gods of Girsu: City-State Formation in Ancient Sumer. Vol. Archaeopress archaeology. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.
Richardson, S. 2012a. ‘Early Mesopotamia: The Presumptive State*’. Past & Present 215(1):3–49. doi: 10.1093/pastj/gts009.
Richardson, S. 2012b. ‘Early Mesopotamia: The Presumptive State*’. Past & Present 215(1):3–49. doi: 10.1093/pastj/gts009.
Richardson, Seth. 2002. ‘Ewe Should Be so Lucky: Extispicy Reports and Everyday Life’. Pp. 229–44 in Mining the archives: Festschrift for Christopher Walker on the occasion of his 60th birthday, 4 October 2002. Vol. 1. Dresden: ISLET.
Richardson, Seth. 2007. ‘The World of Babylonian Countrysides’. Pp. 13–38 in The Babylonian world. New York: Routledge.
Richardson, Seth. 2010. ‘On Seeing and Believing: Liver Divination and the Era of the Warring States’. Pp. 225–66 in Divination and interpretation of signs in the ancient world. Vol. no. 6. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Richardson, Seth. 2016. ‘Obedient Bellies: Hunger and Food Security in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 59:750–92. doi: 10.1163/15685209-12341413.
Roaf, Michael. 2004. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File.
Robertson, John Francis. 2015. Iraq: A History. London: Oneworld.
Robson, Eleanor. 2001. ‘The Tablet House: A Scribal School in Old Babylonian Nippur’. Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale 93(1). doi: 10.3917/assy.093.0039.
Robson, Eleanor. 2002. ‘More than Metrology: Mathematics Education in an Old Babylonian Scribal School’. Pp. 325–65 in Under one sky: astronomy and mathematics in the ancient Near East. Vol. Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
Robson, Eleanor. 2007. ‘Gendered Literacy and Numeracy in the Sumerian Literary Corpus’. Pp. 215–49 in Analysing literary Sumerian: corpus-based approaches. London: Equinox.
Robson, Eleanor. 2008. Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: A Social History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Robson, Eleanor. 2014. ‘Creating Futures for the Past in Southern Iraq: Challenges and Opportunities’. Middle East - Topics & Arguments 3.
Robson, Eleanor. n.d. ‘The Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Mathematical Texts’. Retrieved (http://oracc.org/dccmt/).
Rochberg, Francesca. 2010a. ‘Chapter 15: Old Babylonian Celestial Divination’. Pp. 303–17 in In the path of the moon: Babylonian celestial divination and its legacy. Vol. v. 6. Leiden: Brill.
Rochberg, Francesca. 2010b. ‘Sheep and Cattle, Cows and Calves: The Sumero-Akkadian Astral Gods as Livestock’’. Pp. 247–60 in Opening the tablet box: Near Eastern studies in honor of Benjamin R. Foster. Vol. v. 42. Leiden: Brill.
Roth, Martha T. 2002. ‘Hammurabi’s Wronged Man’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 122(1). doi: 10.2307/3087651.
Roth, Martha Tobi, Harry A. Hoffner, and Piotr Michalowski. 1997. Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. Vol. Writings from the ancient world. 2nd ed. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press.
Rothfield, Lawrence. 2009. The Rape of Mesopotamia: Behind the Looting of the Iraq Museum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rothman, Mitchell S. 2001. Uruk Mesopotamia & Its Neighbors: Cross-Cultural Interactions in the Era of State Formation. Vol. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Rowe, John Howland. 1966. ‘Diffusionism and Archaeology’. American Antiquity 31(03):334–37. doi: 10.2307/2694735.
Rowley-Conwy, P. 2007. From Genesis to Prehistory: The Archaeological Three Age System and Its Contested Reception in Denmark, Britain, and Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rutz, Matthew. 2014. ‘The Archaeology of Old Babylonian Extispicy: Modeling Divination in the Old Babylonian Period’. Pp. 97–120 in Archaeologies of text: archaeology, technology, and ethics. Vol. 6, edited by M. Rutz and M. M. Kersel. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Sasson, Jack M. 2015a. From the Mari Archives: An Anthology of Old Babylonian Letters. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
Sasson, Jack M. 2015b. From the Mari Archives: An Anthology of Old Babylonian Letters. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
Satia, Priya. 2008. Spies in Arabia: The Great War and the Cultural Foundations of Britain’s Covert Empire in the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schmandt-Besserat, Denise. 2007. When Writing Met Art: From Symbol to Story. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Schwartz, Glenn M. 2017. ‘The Archaeological Study of Sacrifice’. Annual Review of Anthropology 46(1):223–40. doi: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041434.
Seri, Andrea. 2013. The House of Prisoners: Slavery and State in Uruk during the Revolt against Samsu-Iluna. Vol. Studies in ancient Near Eastern records. Boston: De Gruyter.
Seymour, Michael. 2006. The Idea of Babylon: Archaeology and Representation in Mesopotamia.
Sharlach, T. M. 2005. ‘Diplomacy and the Rituals of Politics at the Ur III Court’. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 57:17–29.
Shaw, Wendy M. K. 2003a. Possessors and Possessed: Museums, Archaeology, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.
Shaw, Wendy M. K. 2003b. Possessors and Possessed: Museums, Archaeology, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.
Shepperson, Mary. 2009. ‘Planning for the Sun: Urban Forms as a Mesopotamian Response to the Sun’. World Archaeology 41(3):363–78. doi: 10.1080/00438240903112229.
Smith, Michael E., Jason Ur, and Gary M. Feinman. 2014. ‘Jane Jacobs’ “Cities First” Model and Archaeological Reality’. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38(4):1525–35. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.12138.
Snell, Daniel C. 2005. A Companion to the Ancient Near East. Vol. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Ancient history. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.
Spada, Gabriella. n.d. ‘Old Babylonian Model Contracts’. Retrieved (http://oracc.org/obmc/index.html).
Speiser, E. A. n.d. ‘THE SUMERIAN PROBLEM REVIEWED’.
Starr, Ivan. 1983a. The Rituals of the Diviner. Vol. Bibliotheca Mesopotamica. Malibu: Undena Publications.
Starr, Ivan. 1983b. The Rituals of the Diviner. Vol. v. 12. Malibu: Undena Publications.
Steinkeller, Piotr. 2003. ‘An Ur III Manuscript of the Sumerian King List’. Pp. 267–92 in Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien: Festschrift für Claus Wilcke. Vol. Bd. 14. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Stol, Marten, and F. A. M. Wigermann. 2000a. Birth in Babylonia and the Bible: Its Mediterranean Setting. Vol. Cuneiform monographs. Groningen: Styx.
Stol, Marten, and F. A. M. Wigermann. 2000b. Birth in Babylonia and the Bible: Its Mediterranean Setting. Vol. Cuneiform monographs. Groningen: Styx.
Stone, Elizabeth. 2005. ‘Mesopotamian Cities and Countryside’. Pp. 141–55 in A companion to the ancient Near East. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.
Stone, Peter G., and Joanne Farchakh Bajjaly. 2008a. The Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Iraq. Vol. Heritage matters series. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
Stone, Peter G., and Joanne Farchakh Bajjaly. 2008b. The Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Iraq. Vol. Heritage matters series. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
Sürenhagen, D. 2002. ‘Death in Mesopotamia: The Royal Tombs of Ur Revisited’. Pp. 324–38 in Of pots and plans: papers on the archaeology and history of Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David Oates in honour of his 75th birthday. London: NABU.
Suter, Claudia. 2010. ‘Ur III Kings in Images: A Reappraisal’. Pp. 319–50 in Your praise is sweet: a memorial volume for Jeremy Black from students, colleagues and friends. London: British Institute for the Study of Iraq.
Suter, Claudia E. 2000. Gudea’s Temple Building: The Representation of an Early Mesopotamian Ruler in Text and Image. Vol. Cuneiform monographs. Groningen: STYX publications.
Tanret, Michel. 2011. ‘Learned, Rich, Famous, and Unhappy: Ur-Utu of Sippar’. in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Thanos Veremis. 2010. ‘Clash of Civilizations of International Dialogue? Obituary of Samuel P. Huntington (18 April 1927 - 24 December 2008)’. The Historical Review/La Revue Historique 6:243–49.
Thomas, Ariane. 2016. ‘The Faded Splendour of Lagashite Princesses: A Restored Statuette from Tello and Depiction of Court Womenin the Neo-Sumerian Kingdom of Lagash’. Iraq 78:215–39. doi: 10.1017/irq.2016.4.
Tinney, Steve. 2011. ‘Tablets of Schools and Scholars: A Portrait of the Old Babylonian Corpus’. in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Torres-Rouff, Christina, William J. Pestle, and Blair M. Daverman. 2012. ‘Commemorating Bodies and Lives at Kish’s “A Cemetery”: (Re)Presenting Social Memory’. Journal of Social Archaeology 12(2):193–219. doi: 10.1177/1469605312439972.
Trigger, Bruce G. 2006. A History of Archaeological Thought. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsouparopoulou, Christina. 2008. ‘Namnine-Hedu, Yet Another Ur III Princess’. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 60(1):7–13. doi: 10.1086/JCS25608618.
Tsouparopoulou, Christina. 2012. ‘The "K-9 Corps” of the Third Dynasty of Ur: The Dog Handlers at Drehem and the Army’. Zeitschrift Für Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 102(1):1–16. doi: 10.1515/za-2012-0001.
Tsouparopoulou, Christina. 2013. ‘Killing and Skinning Animals in the Ur III Period: The Puzriš-Dagan (Drehem) Office Managing of Dead Animals and Slaughter By-Products’. Altorientalische Forschungen 40(1). doi: 10.1524/aof.2013.0009.
TSUKIMOTO, Akio. 2010. ‘Peace for the Dead, or Kispu(m) Again’. Orient 45:101–9. doi: 10.5356/orient.45.101.
Ur, Jason A. 2010. ‘Cycles of Civilization in Northern Mesopotamia, 4400–2000 BC’. Journal of Archaeological Research 18(4):387–431. doi: 10.1007/s10814-010-9041-y.
Vacin, Ludek. 2013. ‘Šulgi Meets Stalin: Comparative Propaganda as a Tool of Mining the Šulgi Hymns for Historical Data’. Pp. 223–47 in From the 21st century B.C. to the 21st century A.D.: proceedings of the International Conference on Neo-Sumerian Studies held in Madrid 22-24 July 2010. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
Van de Mieroop, Marc. 1999. ‘Chapter 2: The Origins and Character of the Mesopotamian City’. Pp. 23–41 in The ancient Mesopotamian city. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Van De Mieroop, Marc. 2004. ‘Economic Theories and the Ancient Near East’. Pp. 54–64 in Commerce and monetary systems in the ancient world: means of transmission and cultural interaction: proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project, held in Innsbruck, Austria, October 3rd - 8th 2002. Vol. Melammu symposia. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Van De Mieroop, Marc, ed. 2005. ‘Hammurabi, the Lawgiver’. Pp. 99–111 in King Hammurabi of Babylon. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Van De Mieroop, Marc. 2011. ‘Hammurabi’s Self-Presentation’. Orientalia 80(4):305–38.
Van de Mieroop, Marc. 2016. A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC. Vol. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Third edition. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
Veldhuis, Niek. 2004a. ‘Literature’. Pp. 39–80 in Religion, literature, and scholarship: the Sumerian composition Nanše and the birds, with a catalogue of Sumerian bird names. Vol. Cuneiform monographs. Leiden: Brill/Styx.
Veldhuis, Niek. 2004b. Religion, Literature, and Scholarship: The Sumerian Composition Nanše and the Birds, with a Catalogue of Sumerian Bird Names. Vol. Cuneiform monographs. Leiden: Brill/Styx.
Veldhuis, Niek. 2011. ‘Levels of Literacy’. in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Veldhuis, Niek. 2014. History of the Cuneiform Lexical Tradition. Vol. Guides to the Mesopotamian textual record. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
Veldhuis, Niek. n.d. ‘The Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Lexical Texts’. Retrieved (http://oracc.org/dcclt/).
Velduis, Niek. 2010. ‘Guardians of Tradition: Early Dynastic Lexical Texts in Old Babylonian Copies’. Pp. 379–400 in Your praise Is sweet: a memorial volume for Jeremy Black from students, colleagues, and friends. London: The British School of Archaeology in Iraq.
Verderame, Lorenzo. 2013. ‘"Their Divinity Is Different, Their Nature Is Distinct!” Nature, Origin, and Features of Demons in Akkadian Literature’. Archiv Für Religionsgeschichte 14(1). doi: 10.1515/arege-2012-0008.
Verderame, Lorenzo. 2017. ‘The Moon and the Power of Time Reckoning in Ancient Mesopotamia’. Pp. 124–41 in The Construction of Time in Antiquity, edited by J. Ben-Dov and L. Doering. Cambridge University Press.
Vidale, Massimo. 2011. ‘PG 1237, Royal Cemetery of Ur: Patterns in Death’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21(03):427–51. doi: 10.1017/S095977431100045X.
Wasserman, Nathan. 2008. ‘ON LEECHES, DOGS, AND GODS IN OLD BABYLONIAN MEDICAL INCANTATIONS’. Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale 102:71–88.
Wengrow, David. 2010. What Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Westbrook, Raymond. n.d. ‘Introduction: The Character of Ancient Near Eastern Law’. Pp. 1–90 in History of ancient Near Eastern law. Volume 1.
Westenholz, Joan Goodnick. 1997. Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The Texts. Vol. Mesopotamian civilizations. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns.
Whittaker, Gordon. 2005. ‘The Sumerian Question: Reviewing the Issues’. Pp. 409–29 in Ethnicity in Ancient Mesopotamia: papers read at the 48th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Leiden, 1-4 July 2002. Vol. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te Leiden. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.
Widell, Magnus. 2013. ‘Sumerian Agriculture and Land Management’. in The Sumerian world. London: Routledge.
Wiggermann, F. A. M. 2011. ‘Agriculture as Civilization: Sages, Farmers, and Barbarians’. Pp. 663–89 in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture. Oxford University Press.
Wilkinson, Tony J. 2013. ‘Hydraulic Landscapes and Irrigation Systems of Sumer’. in The Sumerian world. London: Routledge.
Winitzer, Abraham. 2013. ‘A New OB Collection of Padānum and Related Omens in Los Angeles’. Zeitschrift Für Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 103(2). doi: 10.1515/za-2013-0011.
Woods, Christopher. 2009. ‘At the Edge of the World: Cosmological Conceptions of the Eastern Horizon in Mesopotamia’. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 9(2):183–239. doi: 10.1163/156921109X12520501747912.
Woods, Christopher, Geoff Emberling, Emily Teeter, and University of Chicago. Oriental Institute. 2010. Visible Language: Inventions of Writing in the Ancient Middle East and Beyond. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Woolley, Leonard, and P. R. S. Moorey. 1982. Ur ‘of the Chaldees’: A Revised and Updated Edition of Sir Leonard Woolley’s Excavations at Ur. Rev., updated ed. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Worthington, Martin. 2009. ‘Some Notes on Medical Information Outside the Medical Corpora’. Pp. 47–77 in Advances in Mesopotamian medicine from Hammurabi to Hippocrates: proceedings of the International Conference ‘Oeil Malade et Mauvais Oeil’, Collège de France, Paris, 23rd June 2006. Vol. 37. Leiden: Brill.
Yoffee, Norman. 1995. ‘Political Economy in Early Mesopotamian States’. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:281–311.
Yoffee, Norman. 2005. Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zettler, Richard L., Lee Horne, Donald P. Hansen, University of Pennsylvania. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, and Bowers Museum of Cultural Art. 1998a. Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
Zettler, Richard L., Lee Horne, Donald P. Hansen, University of Pennsylvania. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, and Bowers Museum of Cultural Art. 1998b. Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
Zólyomi, Gábor, Bálint Tanos, and Szilvia Sövegjártó. n.d. ‘The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions’. Retrieved (http://oracc.org/etcsri/).
