1.
Frieden JA, Lake DA, Schultz KA. World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions. W.W. Norton; 2010.
2.
Frieden JA, Lake DA, Schultz KA. World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions. 2nd ed. W.W. Norton & Co; 2013.
3.
Kalyvas SN. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Vol Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge University Press; 2006. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=778e43c4-5c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099
4.
Themner L, Wallensteen P. Armed conflicts, 1946-2013. Journal of Peace Research. 2014;51(4):541-554. doi:10.1177/0022343314542076
5.
Mitchell SM, Diehl PF, Morrow JD, eds. Chapter 1. In: Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes. Vol Guides to international studies. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.
6.
Galtung, J. Violence, peace and peace research. Violence, Peace, and Peace Research. 1969;6(3):167-191. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/422690.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-4929%252Fcontrol&refreqid=excelsior%3Ab9c294af98777bdcf95bb971d079faf9
7.
Bremer, SA. Advancing the Scientific Study of War. International Interactions. 1993;19(1-2). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629308434817
8.
Carlsnaes W, Risse T, Simmons BA. Handbook of International Relations. 2nd ed. SAGE; 2013. http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781446265031
9.
Holsti KJ. The State, War, and the State of War. Vol Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge University Press; 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511628306
10.
Van Evera S. Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict. Cornell University Press; 1999. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt24hg70
11.
Frieden JA, Lake DA, Schultz KA. World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions. 2nd ed. W.W. Norton & Co; 2013.
12.
Fearon JD. Rationalist explanations for war. International Organization. 1995;49(03). doi:10.1017/S0020818300033324
13.
Hassner, Ron. ‘To halve and to hold’: conflicts over sacred space and the problem of indivisibility. Security Studies. 2003;12(4). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636410390447617
14.
Powell R. Bargaining theory and international conflict. Annual Review of Political Science. 2002;5(1):1-30. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.092601.141138
15.
Stephen M. Walt. Rigor or Rigor Mortis?: Rational Choice and Security Studies. International Security. 1999;23(4):5-48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539293?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
16.
Lisa L. Martin. The Contributions of Rational Choice: A Defense of Pluralism. International Security. 1999;24(2):74-83. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539250?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
17.
Emerson M.S. Niou and Peter C. Ordeshook. Return of the Luddites. International Security. 1999;24(2):84-96. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539251?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
18.
Schelling TC. The Strategy of Conflict. Harvard University; 1980.
19.
Walter, Barbara F. The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement. International Organisation. 1997;51(3):335-364. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2703607?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
20.
Lake DA, Powell R. International relations: A strategic - choice approach. In: Strategic Choice and International Relations. Princeton University Press; 1999. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=40013e06-6136-e711-80c9-005056af4099
21.
Kydd AH. Trust and Mistrust in International Relations. Princeton University Press; 2005.
22.
Powell R. The Modeling Enterprise and Security Studies. International Security. 1999;24(2):97-106. doi:10.1162/016228899560176
23.
Walt SM. A Model Disagreement. International Security. 1999;24(2):115-130. doi:10.1162/016228899560194
24.
Carlsnaes W, Risse-Kappen T, Simmons BA, Fearon JD, Wendt A. Rationalism v. constructivism: A skeptical view in Handbook of international relations. In: SAGE; 2003.
25.
Waltz KN. Chapter 6 in Theory of international politics. In: McGraw Hill; 1979.
26.
Frieden JA, Lake DA, Schultz KA. Chapter 3 in World politics: interests, interactions, institutions. In: W.W. Norton; 2010.
27.
Wagner RH. Bargaining and War. American Journal of Political Science. 2000;44(3). doi:10.2307/2669259
28.
Blainey G. The Causes of War. 3rd ed., 1st American ed. Free Press; 1988.
29.
Jervis R. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton University Press; 1976.
30.
Smith, Alastair, Stam, Allan C. Bargaining and the Nature of War. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2004;48(6):783-813. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4149796?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
31.
Fey M, Ramsay KW. Mutual Optimism and War. American Journal of Political Science. 2007;51(4):738-754. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00278.x
32.
Weiner M. The Macedonian Syndrome An Historical Model of International Relations and Political Development. World Politics. 1971;23(04):665-683. doi:10.2307/2009855
33.
Miller B. States, Nations, and the Great Powers: The Sources of Regional War and Peace. Vol Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge University Press; 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491566
34.
Wimmer A, Min B. From Empire to Nation-State: Explaining Wars in the Modern World, 1816–2001. American Sociological Review. 2006;71(6):867-897. doi:10.1177/000312240607100601
35.
Mansfield, Edward, Snyder, Jack. Democratic transitions, institutional strength, and war. 56(2):297-337. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3078607?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
36.
Mann, Michael. The Dark Side of Democracy: The Modern Tradition of Ethnic and Political Cleansing. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511817274
37.
Ernest Gellner. Nations and Nationalism. Vol New perspectives on the past. Cornell UP; 1983.
38.
Gagnon VP. Ethnic Nationalism and International Conflict: The Case of Serbia. International Security. 1994;19(3). doi:10.2307/2539081
39.
Saideman SM. Explaining the International Relations of Secessionist Conflicts: Vulnerability Versus Ethnic Ties. International Organization. 1997;51(4):721-753. doi:10.1162/002081897550500
40.
Shelef NG. Unequal Ground: Homelands and Conflict. International Organization. 2016;70(01):33-63. doi:10.1017/S0020818315000193
41.
Goemans HE, Schultz KA. The Politics of Territorial Claims: A Geospatial Approach Applied to Africa. International Organization. 2017;71(01):31-64. doi:10.1017/S0020818316000254
42.
Wimmer A. Who Owns the State? Understanding Ethnic Conflict in Post-Colonial Societies. Nations and Nationalism. 1997;3(4):631-666. doi:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1997.00631.x
43.
Hechter M. Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536-1966. Vol International library of sociology. University of California Press; 1975.
44.
Hobsbawm EJ. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Vol Cambridge paperbacks history. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 1992.
45.
Denny EK, Walter BF. Ethnicity and civil war. Journal of Peace Research. 2014;51(2):199-212. doi:10.1177/0022343313512853
46.
Petersen RD. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Vol Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge University Press; 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840661
47.
Denny EK, Walter BF. Ethnicity and civil war. Journal of Peace Research. 2014;51(2):199-212. doi:10.1177/0022343313512853
48.
LICHBACH MI. Rethinking Rationality and Rebellion: Theories of Collective Action and Problems of Collective Dissent. Rationality and Society. 1994;6(1):8-39. doi:10.1177/1043463194006001003
49.
Stathis N. Kalyvas and Matthew Adam Kocher. How ‘Free’ Is Free Riding in Civil Wars? Violence, Insurgency, and the Collective Action Problem. World Politics. 2007;59(2):177-216. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40060186
50.
Salehyan I. The Delegation of War to Rebel Organizations. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2010;54(3):493-515. doi:10.1177/0022002709357890
51.
Olson M. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Vol Harvard economic studies. Harvard University Press; 1971.
52.
Lichbach MI. The Rebel’s Dilemma. Vol Economics, cognition, and society. University of Michigan Press; 1995.
53.
GATES S. Recruitment and Allegiance. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2002;46(1):111-130. doi:10.1177/0022002702046001007
54.
Humphreys M, Weinstein JM. Who Fights? The Determinants of Participation in Civil War. American Journal of Political Science. 2008;52(2):436-455. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00322.x
55.
Humphreys M, Weinstein JM. Who Fights? The Determinants of Participation in Civil War. American Journal of Political Science. 2008;52(2):436-455. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00322.x
56.
Wucherpfennig J, Metternich NW, Cederman LE, Gleditsch KS. Ethnicity, the State, and the Duration of Civil War. World Politics. 2012;64(01):79-115. doi:10.1017/S004388711100030X
57.
Siegel DA. When Does Repression Work? Collective Action in Social Networks. The Journal of Politics. 2011;73(4):993-1010. doi:10.1017/S0022381611000727
58.
Wood EJ. Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. Vol Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge University Press; 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808685
59.
Staniland P. Organizing Insurgency: Networks, Resources, and Rebellion in South Asia. International Security. 2012;37(1):142-177. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00091
60.
Oneal JR, Oneal FH, Maoz Z, Russett B. The Liberal Peace: Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict, 1950-85. Journal of Peace Research. 1996;33(1):11-28. doi:10.1177/0022343396033001002
61.
James D. Fearon. Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes. The American Political Science Review. 88(3):577-592. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2944796
62.
Weeks JL. Autocratic Audience Costs: Regime Type and Signaling Resolve. International Organization. 2008;62(01). https://www.jstor.org/stable/40071874?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
63.
Giacomo Chiozza and H. E. Goemans. International Conflict and the Tenure of Leaders: Is War Still ‘Ex Post’ Inefficient? American Journal of Political Science. 2004;48(3):604-619. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1519919?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
64.
REED W. Information, Power, and War. American Political Science Review. 2003;97(04). doi:10.1017/S0003055403000923
65.
Hegre H. Democracy and armed conflict. Journal of Peace Research. 2014;51(2):159-172. doi:10.1177/0022343313512852
66.
Gartzke E, Li Q, Boehmer C. Investing in the Peace: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict. International Organization. 2001;55(2):391-438. doi:10.1162/00208180151140612
67.
STEIN RM. War and Revenge: Explaining Conflict Initiation by Democracies. American Political Science Review. 2015;109(03):556-573. doi:10.1017/S0003055415000301
68.
Walter BF. Bargaining Failures and Civil War. Annual Review of Political Science. 2009;12(1):243-261. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.135301
69.
FEARON JD, LAITIN DD. Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War. American Political Science Review. 2003;97(01). doi:10.1017/S0003055403000534
70.
Cederman LE, Wimmer A, Min B. Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis. World Politics. 2010;62(01). doi:10.1017/S0043887109990219
71.
Costalli S, Ruggeri A. Indignation, Ideologies, and Armed Mobilization: Civil War in Italy, 1943–45. International Security. 2015;40(2):119-157. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00218
72.
Cunningham KG, Bakke KM, Seymour LJM. Shirts Today, Skins Tomorrow. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2012;56(1):67-93. doi:10.1177/0022002711429697
73.
Cunningham DE. Veto Players and Civil War Duration. American Journal of Political Science. 2006;50(4):875-892. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00221.x
74.
Metternich NW, Dorff C, Gallop M, Weschle S, Ward MD. Antigovernment Networks in Civil Conflicts: How Network Structures Affect Conflictual Behavior. American Journal of Political Science. Published online May 2013:n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/ajps.12039
75.
Staniland P. States, Insurgents, and Wartime Political Orders. Perspectives on Politics. 2012;10(02):243-264. doi:10.1017/S1537592712000655
76.
KEEN D. Greed and grievance in civil war. International Affairs. 2012;88(4):757-777. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01100.x
77.
Blattman C, Miguel E. Civil War. Journal of Economic Literature. 2010;48(1):3-57. doi:10.1257/jel.48.1.3
78.
CEDERMAN LE, WEIDMANN NB, GLEDITSCH KS. Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison. American Political Science Review. 2011;105(03):478-495. doi:10.1017/S0003055411000207
79.
Ross ML. What Have We Learned about the Resource Curse? Annual Review of Political Science. 2015;18(1):239-259. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-052213-040359
80.
Paine J. Rethinking the Conflict "Resource Curse”: How Oil Wealth Prevents Center-Seeking Civil Wars. International Organization. 2016;70(04):727-761. doi:10.1017/S0020818316000205
81.
Lujala P. The spoils of nature: Armed civil conflict and rebel access to natural resources. Journal of Peace Research. 2010;47(1):15-28. doi:10.1177/0022343309350015
82.
Wucherpfennig J, Metternich NW, Cederman LE, Gleditsch KS. Ethnicity, the State, and the Duration of Civil War. World Politics. 2012;64(01):79-115. doi:10.1017/S004388711100030X
83.
Stewart F. Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict: Understanding Group Violence in Multiethnic Societies. Palgrave Macmillan; 2008.
84.
Roessler P. The Enemy Within: Personal Rule, Coups, and Civil War in Africa. World Politics. 2011;63(02):300-346. doi:10.1017/S0043887111000049
85.
Gurr T. Psychological Factors in Civil Violence. World Politics. 1968;20(02):245-278. doi:10.2307/2009798
86.
Wood EJ. Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. Vol Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge University Press; 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808685
87.
Hegre H, Sambanis N. Sensitivity Analysis of Empirical Results on Civil War Onset. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2006;50(4):508-535. doi:10.1177/0022002706289303
88.
Gaibulloev K, Sandler T. An empirical analysis of alternative ways that terrorist groups end. Public Choice. 2014;160(1-2):25-44. doi:10.1007/s11127-013-0136-0
89.
Sandler T. The analytical study of terrorism. Journal of Peace Research. 2014;51(2):257-271. doi:10.1177/0022343313491277
90.
Kydd AH, Walter BF. The Strategies of Terrorism. International Security. 2006;31(1):49-80. doi:10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.49
91.
Fortna VP. Do Terrorists Win? Rebels’ Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes. International Organization. 2015;69(03):519-556. doi:10.1017/S0020818315000089
92.
Goodwin J. A Theory of Categorical Terrorism. Social Forces. 2006;84(4):2027-2046. doi:10.1353/sof.2006.0090
93.
McCauley C, Moskalenko S. Understanding political radicalization: The two-pyramids model. American Psychologist. 2017;72(3):205-216. doi:10.1037/amp0000062
94.
Tilly C. Terror, Terrorism, Terrorists. Sociological Theory. 2004;22(1):5-13. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2004.00200.x
95.
David Rapoport. The Four Waves of Rebel Terror and September 11. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_doaj_soai_doaj_org_article_87d41c0575a84431aeb012f966ada66a&indx=1&recIds=TN_doaj_soai_doaj_org_article_87d41c0575a84431aeb012f966ada66a&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=UCL_VU1&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=The%20Four%20Waves%20of%20Rebel%20Terror%20and%20September%2011&dstmp=1500997285942
96.
Jacob N. Shapiro. Terrorist Decision-Making: Insights from Economics and Political Science. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_doaj_soai_doaj_org_article_98a1ae3a96334904bd92e3623c6a011d&indx=1&recIds=TN_doaj_soai_doaj_org_article_98a1ae3a96334904bd92e3623c6a011d&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=UCL_VU1&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Terrorist%20Decision-Making%3A%20Insights%20from%20Economics%20and%20Political%20Science&dstmp=1500997320952
97.
de la Calle L, Sánchez-Cuenca I. Rebels without a Territory. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2012;56(4):580-603. doi:10.1177/0022002711431800
98.
Abrahms M, Potter PBK. Explaining Terrorism: Leadership Deficits and Militant Group Tactics. International Organization. 2015;69(02):311-342. doi:10.1017/S0020818314000411
99.
PAPE RA. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. American Political Science Review. 2003;97(03). doi:10.1017/S000305540300073X
100.
Goodwin J. What Do We Really Know About (Suicide) Terrorism? Sociological Forum. 2006;21(2):315-330. doi:10.1007/s11206-006-9017-3
101.
Bueno de Mesquita E, Dickson ES. The Propaganda of the Deed: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Mobilization. American Journal of Political Science. 2007;51(2):364-381. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00256.x
102.
Kydd, Andrew H. ; Walter, Barbara F. Sabotaging the Peace: The Politics of Extremist Violence. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=9&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_museS1531508802202639&indx=1&recIds=TN_museS1531508802202639&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=9&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=UCL_VU1&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Sabotaging%20the%20Peace%3A%20The%20Politics%20of%20Extremist%20Violence&dstmp=1500997638145
103.
Thomas J. Rewarding Bad Behavior: How Governments Respond to Terrorism in Civil War. American Journal of Political Science. 2014;58(4):804-818. doi:10.1111/ajps.12113
104.
Abrahms M. The Political Effectiveness of Terrorism Revisited. Comparative Political Studies. 2012;45(3):366-393. doi:10.1177/0010414011433104
105.
Piazza JA. Incubators of Terror: Do Failed and Failing States Promote Transnational Terrorism? International Studies Quarterly. 2008;52(3):469-488. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00511.x
106.
Braithwaite A. Transnational Terrorism as an Unintended Consequence of a Military Footprint. Security Studies. 2015;24(2):349-375. doi:10.1080/09636412.2015.1038192
107.
Wilson MC, Piazza JA. Autocracies and Terrorism: Conditioning Effects of Authoritarian Regime Type on Terrorist Attacks. American Journal of Political Science. Published online June 2013:n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/ajps.12028
108.
HEGGHAMMER T. Should I Stay or Should I Go? Explaining Variation in Western Jihadists’ Choice between Domestic and Foreign Fighting. American Political Science Review. 2013;107(01):1-15. doi:10.1017/S0003055412000615
109.
Piazza JA. Is Islamist Terrorism More Dangerous?: An Empirical Study of Group Ideology, Organization, and Goal Structure. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2009;21(1):62-88. doi:10.1080/09546550802544698
110.
Isaacs M. Sacred violence or strategic faith? Disentangling the relationship between religion and violence in armed conflict. Journal of Peace Research. 2016;53(2):211-225. doi:10.1177/0022343315626771
111.
Moghaddam FM. The Staircase to Terrorism: A Psychological Exploration. American Psychologist. 2005;60(2):161-169. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.2.161
112.
BERREBI C, KLOR EF. Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate. American Political Science Review. 2008;102(03):279-301. doi:10.1017/S0003055408080246
113.
Hirsch-Hoefler S, Canetti D, Rapaport C, Hobfoll SE. Conflict will Harden your Heart: Exposure to Violence, Psychological Distress, and Peace Barriers in Israel and Palestine. British Journal of Political Science. 2016;46(04):845-859. doi:10.1017/S0007123414000374
114.
Lehrke JP, Schomaker R. Kill, Capture, or Defend? The Effectiveness of Specific and General Counterterrorism Tactics Against the Global Threats of the Post-9/11 Era. Security Studies. 2016;25(4):729-762. doi:10.1080/09636412.2016.1220199
115.
Davenport C. State Repression and Political Order. Annual Review of Political Science. 2007;10(1):1-23. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.143216
116.
Valentino BA. Why We Kill: The Political Science of Political Violence against Civilians. Annual Review of Political Science. 2014;17(1):89-103. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141937
117.
BARBARA HARFF. No Lessons Learned from the Holocaust? Assessing Risks of Genocide and Political Mass Murder since 1955. American Political Science Review. 2003;97(01). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3118221?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
118.
Fjelde H, Hultman L. Weakening the Enemy. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2014;58(7):1230-1257. doi:10.1177/0022002713492648
119.
HUMPHREYS M, WEINSTEIN JM. Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War. American Political Science Review. 2006;100(03):429-447. doi:10.1017/S0003055406062289
120.
Kalyvas SN. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Vol Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge University Press; 2006. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511818462
121.
Owens PB, Su Y, Snow DA. Social Scientific Inquiry Into Genocide and Mass Killing: From Unitary Outcome to Complex Processes. Annual Review of Sociology. 2013;39(1):69-84. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145650
122.
Straus S. Retreating from the Brink: Theorizing Mass Violence and the Dynamics of Restraint. Perspectives on Politics. 2012;10(02):343-362. doi:10.1017/S1537592712000709
123.
Benjamin Valentino, Paul Huth, Dylan Balch-Lindsay. "Draining the Sea”: Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare. International Organization. 2004;58(02). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3877862?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
124.
Hagan J, Rymond-Richmond W. The Collective Dynamics of Racial Dehumanization and Genocidal Victimization in Darfur. American Sociological Review. 2008;73(6):875-902. doi:10.1177/000312240807300601
125.
Salehyan I, Siroky D, Wood RM. External Rebel Sponsorship and Civilian Abuse: A Principal-Agent Analysis of Wartime Atrocities. International Organization. 2014;68(03):633-661. doi:10.1017/S002081831400006X
126.
Balcells L. Rivalry and Revenge: Violence against Civilians in Conventional Civil Wars1. International Studies Quarterly. 2010;54(2):291-313. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00588.x
127.
Wood RM. Rebel capability and strategic violence against civilians. Journal of Peace Research. 2010;47(5):601-614. doi:10.1177/0022343310376473
128.
Lyall J. Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks? Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2009;53(3):331-362. doi:10.1177/0022002708330881
129.
COHEN DK. Explaining Rape during Civil War: Cross-National Evidence (1980–2009). American Political Science Review. 2013;107(03):461-477. doi:10.1017/S0003055413000221
130.
Siegel DA. When Does Repression Work? Collective Action in Social Networks. The Journal of Politics. 2011;73(4):993-1010. doi:10.1017/S0022381611000727
131.
Moore WH. Repression and Dissent: Substitution, Context, and Timing. American Journal of Political Science. 1998;42(3). doi:10.2307/2991732
132.
Carey SC, Mitchell NJ. Progovernment Militias. Annual Review of Political Science. 2017;20(1):127-147. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051915-045433
133.
Mason TD, Krane DA. The Political Economy of Death Squads: Toward a Theory of the Impact of State-Sanctioned Terror. International Studies Quarterly. 1989;33(2). doi:10.2307/2600536
134.
Buhaug H, Gleditsch KS. Contagion or Confusion? Why Conflicts Cluster in Space. International Studies Quarterly. 2008;52(2):215-233. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00499.x
135.
Cederman LE, Gleditsch KS, Salehyan I, Wucherpfennig J. Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War. International Organization. 2013;67(02):389-410. doi:10.1017/S0020818313000064
136.
Cederman LE, Gleditsch KS, Salehyan I, Wucherpfennig J. Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War. International Organization. 2013;67(02):389-410. doi:10.1017/S0020818313000064
137.
Walter BF. The New New Civil Wars. Annual Review of Political Science. 2017;20(1):469-486. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-060415-093921
138.
Buhaug H. Climate not to blame for African civil wars. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010;107(38):16477-16482. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005739107
139.
Salehyan, Idean. Transnational Rebels: Neighboring States as Sanctuary for Rebel Groups. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40060187?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
140.
Gleditsch KS, Beardsley K. Nosy Neighbors. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2004;48(3):379-402. doi:10.1177/0022002704263710
141.
Kathman JD. Civil War Contagion and Neighboring Interventions1. International Studies Quarterly. 2010;54(4):989-1012. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00623.x
142.
Salehyan, Idean ; Salehyan, I. Rebels without Borders : Transnational Insurgencies in World Politics. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z6bx
143.
Idean Salehyan, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. Refugees and the Spread of Civil War. International Organization. 2006;60(02). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3877896?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
144.
Gleditsch KS. Transnational Dimensions of Civil War. Journal of Peace Research. 2007;44(3):293-309. doi:10.1177/0022343307076637
145.
Beardsley K. Peacekeeping and the Contagion of Armed Conflict. The Journal of Politics. 2011;73(4):1051-1064. doi:10.1017/S0022381611000764
146.
Burke MB, Miguel E, Satyanath S, Dykema JA, Lobell DB. Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009;106(49):20670-20674. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907998106
147.
Hendrix CS, Glaser SM. Trends and triggers: Climate, climate change and civil conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. Political Geography. 2007;26(6):695-715. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006
148.
Fortna VP. Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace? International Intervention and the Duration of Peace After Civil War. International Studies Quarterly. 2004;48(2):269-292. doi:10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00301.x
149.
Fortna VP, Howard LM. Pitfalls and Prospects in the Peacekeeping Literature. Annual Review of Political Science. 2008;11(1):283-301. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.041205.103022
150.
HULTMAN L, KATHMAN J, SHANNON M. Beyond Keeping Peace: United Nations Effectiveness in the Midst of Fighting. American Political Science Review. 2014;108(04):737-753. doi:10.1017/S0003055414000446
151.
Beardsley K. Agreement without Peace? International Mediation and Time Inconsistency Problems. American Journal of Political Science. 2008;52(4):723-740. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00339.x
152.
Sambanis N, Schulhofer-Wohl J. What’s in a Line? Is Partition a Solution to Civil War? International Security. 2009;34(2):82-118. doi:10.1162/isec.2009.34.2.82
153.
Doyle MW, Sambanis N. International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis. American Political Science Review. 2000;94(04):779-801. doi:10.2307/2586208
154.
Gilligan MJ. Do UN Interventions Cause Peace? Using Matching to Improve Causal Inference. Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 2008;3(2):89-122. doi:10.1561/100.00007051
155.
King, Gary, Zeng, Langche. Improving Forecasts of State Failure. World Politics: A Quarterly Journal of International Relations. 2001;53(4). https://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/civil.pdf
156.
Kathman JD. Civil War Contagion and Neighboring Interventions1. International Studies Quarterly. 2010;54(4):989-1012. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00623.x
157.
Balch-Lindsay D, Enterline AJ, Joyce KA. Third-Party Intervention and the Civil War Process. Journal of Peace Research. 2008;45(3):345-363. doi:10.1177/0022343308088815
158.
Hultman L, Kathman J, Shannon M. United Nations Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection in Civil War. American Journal of Political Science. Published online May 2013:n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/ajps.12036
159.
O’Brien SP. Crisis Early Warning and Decision Support: Contemporary Approaches and Thoughts on Future Research. International Studies Review. 2010;12(1):87-104. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00914.x