1.
Hillenbrand R. Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol World of art. Thames and Hudson; 1999.
2.
Insoll T. The Archaeology of Islam. Vol Social archaeology. Blackwell Publishers; 1999.
3.
Irwin R. Islamic Art in Context: Art, Architecture, and the Literary World. Vol Perspectives. Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997.
4.
Kennedy H. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. 2nd ed. Pearson Longman; 2004. http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931225550004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760
5.
Milwright M. An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology. Edinburgh University Press; 2010. http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931109190004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760
6.
Robinson CF, ed. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Vol The New Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press; 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238
7.
Ruggles DF, ed. Islamic Art and Visual Culture: An Anthology of Sources. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
8.
Walmsley A. Early Islamic Syria: An Archaeological Assessment. Duckworth; 2007. http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931027770004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760
9.
Ettinghausen R, Grabar O, Jenkins M. The Art and Architecture of Islam 650-1250. Vol Yale University Press Pelican history of art. 2nd ed. Yale University Press; 2001.
10.
Bennison AK. The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the ’Abbasid Empire. I.B. Tauris; 2009. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931062788204761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,The%20great%20caliphs:%20the%20golden%20age%20of%20the%20%27Abbasid%20Empire&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9009879645147047484&offset=0
11.
Cook M. The Koran: A Very Short Introduction. Vol Very short introductions. Oxford University Press; 2000. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001
12.
Donner FM. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2012.
13.
Kennedy H. The Caliphate: A Pelican Introduction. Pelican; 2016.
14.
Kennedy H. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In. Weidenfeld & Nicholson; 2007.
15.
Silverstein AJ. Islamic History: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press; 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199545728.001.0001
16.
Gibb HAR, Bearman PJ. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New edition. Brill; 1960.
17.
Kennedy H. An Historical Atlas of Islam. 2nd, rev. ed. = Nouv. éd ed. Brill; 2002. http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/historical-atlas-of-islam
18.
Petersen A. Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge; 1996.
19.
Insoll T. Introduction. In: The Archaeology of Islam. Vol Social archaeology. Blackwell Publishers; 1999:1-25. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=571a6460-9a33-ea11-80cd-005056af4099
20.
Milwright M. Introductions. In: An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology. Edinburgh University Press; 2022:1-23. https://www-degruyter-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/document/doi/10.1515/9780748629954-005/html
21.
Ahmed S. What Is Islam?: The Importance of Being Islamic. Princeton University Press; 2016. https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/0c483k875
22.
Hodgson M. The Venture of Islam. University of Chicago Press; 1977. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00894
23.
Lewis B. The World of Islam: Faith, People, Culture. Thames and Hudson; 1976.
24.
Marranci G. The Anthropology of Islam. Berg; 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474215626
25.
Moreland J. Archaeology and Text. Vol Duckworth debates in archaeology. Duckworth; 2001.
26.
Petersen A. What is Islamic Archaeology. Antiquity. 2005;79(303):100-106. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00113729
27.
Bennison AK. The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the ’Abbasid Empire. I.B. Tauris; 2009.
28.
Cook M. The Koran: A Very Short Introduction. Vol Very short introductions. Oxford University Press; 2000. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001
29.
Donner FM. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2012.
30.
Kennedy H. The Caliphate: A Pelican Introduction. Pelican; 2016.
31.
Kennedy H. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In. Weidenfeld & Nicholson; 2007.
32.
Ruthven M. Islam: A Very Short Introduction. Vol Very short introductions. Oxford University Press; 1997.
33.
Silverstein AJ. Islamic History: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press; 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199545728.001.0001
34.
Stephen Vernoit. THE RISE OF ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY. Muqarnas Online. 1997;14(1):1-10. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000366
35.
Donald Malcolm Reid. Cultural Imperialism and Nationalism: The Struggle to Define and Control the Heritage of Arab Art in Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies. 1992;24(1):57-76. https://www.jstor.org/stable/163762?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
36.
Díaz-Andreu M, Champion T. Islamic archaeology and the origin of the Spanish nation. In: Díaz-Andreu García M, Champion TC, eds. Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe. Vol volume 21. Routledge; 2015:68-89. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14763765330004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
37.
Champion TC, Díaz-Andreu García M. Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe. UCL Pres; 1996.
38.
Blair SS, Bloom JM. The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field. The Art Bulletin. 2003;85(1). doi:10.2307/3177331
39.
Said EW. Orientalism. Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1978.
40.
Canby S. The curator’s dilemma: dispelling the mystery of exotic collections. Museum International. 1999;51(3):11-15. doi:10.1111/1468-0033.00210
41.
Crill R, Stanley T, Victoria and Albert Museum. The Making of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art: At the Victoria and Albert Museum. V&A Publications; 2006.
42.
Anderson B. "An alternative discourse”: Local interpreters of antiquities in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2015;40(4):450-460. doi:10.1179/2042458215Y.0000000017
43.
Bahrani Z, Çelik Z, Eldem E, SALT (Organization). Scramble for the Past: A Story of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753-1914. SALT; 2011.
44.
Brooks A, Young R. Historical Archaeology and Heritage in the Middle East: A Preliminary Overview. Historical Archaeology. 2016;50(4):22-35. doi:10.1007/BF03379198
45.
Çelik Z. About Antiquities: Politics of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire. First edition. University of Texas Press; 2016. https://hdl-handle-net.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/2027/heb33993.0001.001
46.
Ettinghausen R. Islamic Art and Archaeologv. In: Cuyler Young T, ed. Near Eastern Culture and Society. Vol Princeton oriental studies. Princeton University Press; 1951.
47.
Exell K, Rico T. ‘There is no heritage in Qatar’: Orientalism, colonialism and other problematic histories. World Archaeology. 2013;45(4):670-685. doi:10.1080/00438243.2013.852069
48.
Goode JF. Negotiating for the Past: Archaeology, Nationalism, and Diplomacy in the Middle East, 1919-1941. University of Texas Press; 2007. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931982253204761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,Negotiating%20for%20the%20past:%20archaeology,%20nationalism,%20and%20diplomacy%20in%20the%20Middle%20East,%201919-1941&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9010091050791534175&offset=0
49.
Graber O. Islamic Art and Archaeology. In: The Study of the Middle East: Research and Scholarship in the Humanities and the Social Sciences : A Project of the Research and Training Committee of the Middle East Studies Association. Wiley; 1976:229-263.
50.
Northedge A. Archaeology and Islam. In: Companion Encyclopedia of Archaeology. Routledge; 1999:1077-1107. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c5cd076b-683b-ea11-80cd-005056af4099
51.
Northedge A. Ernst Herzfeld, Samarra and Islamic Archaeology. In: Ernst Herzfeld and the Development of Near Eastern Studies, 1900-1950. Brill; 2005:383-403.
52.
Petersen, Andrew. Politics and narratives: Islamic archaeology in Israel. Antiquity. 79(306):858-864. https://search.proquest.com/docview/217562860?accountid=14511
53.
Rogers JM. From Antiquarianism to Islamic Archaeology. Vol Quaderni dell’Istituto italiano di cultura per la R.A.E. Nuova serie. Istituto italiano di cultura per la R.A.E.; 1974.
54.
Roxburgh, David J. Au bonheur des Amateurs: collecting and exhibiting Islamic art, ca. 1880-1910. Ars Orientalis. 2000;30:9-38. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852813&site=ehost-live&scope=site
55.
D. FAIRCHILD RUGGLES. HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE REDISCOVERY OF MADĪNAT AL-ZAHRĀ’. Islamic Studies. 1991;30(1):129-140. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20840030?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
56.
Walmsley A. Archaeology and Islamic Studies: The development of a relationship. In: From Handaxe to Khan: Essays Presented to Peder Mortensen on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday. Aarhus University Press; 2004:317-329.
57.
Anderson GD. Integrating the Medieval Iberian Peninsula and North Africa in Islamic Architectural History. The Journal of North African Studies. 2014;19(1):83-92. doi:10.1080/13629387.2013.862775
58.
Behrens-Abouseif D, Vernoit S, eds. Islamic Art in the 19th Century: Tradition, Innovation, and Eclecticism. [Paperback reprint edition]. Brill; 2015.
59.
From Prophet to Postmodernism? New World Orders and the End of Islamic Art. Journal of Art Historiography. 2012;(6):31-53. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=76385007&site=ehost-live&scope=site
60.
Hillenbrand R. Creswell and Contemporary Central European Scholarship. Muqarnas. 1991;8. doi:10.2307/1523149
61.
Hillenbrand R. Studying Islamic Architecture: Challenges and Perspectives. Architectural History. 2003;46. doi:10.2307/1568797
62.
Necipoglu G. The Concept of Islamic Art: Inherited Discourses and New Approaches. In: Islamic Art and the Museum: Approaches to Art and Archeology of the Muslim World in the Twenty-First Century. Saqi; 2012:57-75. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6f276a12-6738-ea11-80cd-005056af4099
63.
Graves MS, Junod B, Friedli G, Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Architecture in Islamic Arts: Treasures of the Aga Khan Museum. Aga Khan Trust for Culture; 2011.
64.
Said EW. Orientalism. Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1978.
65.
Canby, Sheila1. The curator’s dilemma: dispelling the mystery of exotic collections. Museum International. 51(3):11-15. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=11676396&site=ehost-live&scope=site
66.
Heath I. The Representation of Islam in British Museums. Vol BAR international series. Archaeopress; 2007. https://www-fulcrum-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/concern/monographs/t435gf68v
67.
Jemkins-Madina, Marilyn. Collecting the "orient” at the Met: early tastemakers in America. Ars Orientalis. 2000;30:69-89. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852810&site=ehost-live&scope=site
68.
Junod B. Islamic Art and the Museum: Approaches to Art and Archeology of the Muslim World in the Twenty-First Century. Saqi; 2012.
69.
Komaroff, Linda. Exhibiting the Middle East: collections and perceptions of Islamic art. Ars Orientalis. 2000;30:1-8. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852794&site=ehost-live&scope=site
70.
Leturcq J. The Museum of Arab Art in Cairo (1869-2014): A Disoriented Heritage. In: Pouillon F, Vatin JC, eds. After Orientalism: Critical Perspectives on Western Agency and Eastern Re-Appropriations. Vol Leiden studies in Islam and society. Brill; 2015:145-161. https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/26809
71.
Milwright M. An Arabic Description of the Activities of Antique Dealers in Late Ottoman Damascus. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2011;143(1):8-18. doi:10.1179/003103210X12904439984043
72.
Neumeier E. Spoils for the New Pyrrhus: Alternative Claims to Antiquity in Ottoman Greece. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017;6(2):311-337. doi:10.1386/ijia.6.2.311_1
73.
Rosser-Owen M. ‘Collecting the Alhambra’: Owen Jones and Islamic Spain at the South Kensington Museum. In: Owen Jones y La Alhambra. Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife; 2011:159-168.
74.
Wendy M. K. Shaw. Islamic Arts in the Ottoman Imperial Museum, 1889-1923. Ars Orientalis. 2000;30:55-68. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4434262?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
75.
Regarding the exhibition: the Munich exhibition Masterpieces of Muhammadan Art (1910) and its scholarly position. Journal of Art Historiography;. 2012;(6):1-34. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=76385024&site=ehost-live&scope=site
76.
Vernoit S. Islamic Art and Architecture: An Overview of Scholarship and Collecting, c. 1850-c 1950. In: Discovering Islamic Art: Scholars, Collectors and Collections, 1850-1950. I.B. Tauris; 2000:1-61. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5fed1b33-6438-ea11-80cd-005056af4099
77.
Les fouilles de Paykend: nouveaux elements. Cahiers d’Asie centrale. (21/22):237-258. http://asiecentrale.revues.org/1841
78.
La Kalaa Des Beni-Hammad : Une Capitale Berbère de l’Afrique Du Nord Au XIe Siècle / Général L. de Beylié. E. Leroux (Paris); 1909. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6546822q
79.
Erster vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen von Samarra :: AMAR Archive of Mesopotamian Archaeological Reports. http://digital.library.stonybrook.edu/cdm/ref/collection/amar/id/157367
80.
Herzfeld E, Mallowan MEL. Die Vorgeschichtlichen Töpfereien von Samarra: Mit 240 Textbildern Und 47 Tafeln, Darunter 6 in Farbendruck. Vol Forschungen zur islamischen Kunst. D. Reimer; 1930.
81.
SOAS, University of London holdings information for ‘Die Malereien von Samarra : mit 83 Textbildern und 88 Ta...’ | Copac. http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=ausgrabungen%20von%20samarra&iids=107610019%20&show-library=SOAS%2C%20University%20of%20London&rn=8
82.
Friedrich Paul Theodor Sarre, 1865-1945 Ernst Herzfeld, 1879-1948; Hans Arnold, 1850-1927; Technische Hochschule Berlin. Die Keramik von Samarra / Friedrich Sarre / unter Mitwirkung von Ernst Herzfeld, mit Beiträgen vom Materialprüfungsamt der Technischen Hochschule, Berlin, und von Dr. Hans Arnold. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS000317226&indx=7&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS000317226&recIdxs=6&elementId=6&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL_LMS_DS%29&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=UCL_VU1&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=samarra&dstmp=1509712145812
83.
Velázquez Bosco R. Arte Del Califato de Cordoba: Medina Azzahra y Alamiriya, Texto, Planos, y Dibujos Del Mismo. Jose Blass; 1912. https://archive.org/details/artedelcalifatod00vel
84.
Saladin H, Migeon G. Manuel d’art Musulman. A. Picard; 1907.
85.
Sarre F. Archaologische Reise Im Euphrat- Und Tigris-Begiet : Sarre, Friedrich Paul Theodor, 1865-1945 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive. D. Reimer; 1911. https://archive.org/details/archaologischere03sarr
86.
Viollet H. Fouilles à Samara en Mésopotamie. Un palais musulman du IXe siècle. Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres de l’Institut de France Première série, Sujets divers d’érudition. 1913;12(2):685-718. doi:10.3406/mesav.1913.1099
87.
Lamm CJ. Das Glas von Samarra. Vol Forschungen zur islamischen Kunst. D. Reimer; 1928.
88.
Herzfeld E. Geschichte Der Stadt Samarra. Vol Forschungen zur islamischen Kunst. Eckardt & Messtorff; 1948.
89.
Aly Bahgat bey, Gabriel A. Fouilles d’al Foustât : Publiées Les Auspices Du Comité de Conservation Des Monuments de l’art Arabe. E. de Boccard; 1921. http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=fouilles%20d%27al%20foustat&iids=63482059%20&show-library=V%26A%20Libraries&rn=1
90.
Wilkinson CK, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Nishapur: Some Early Islamic Buildings and Their Decoration. Metropolitan Museum of Art; 1987.
91.
Irwin R. Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and Its Discontents. [1st paperback ed.]. Overlook Press; 2008.
92.
Irwin R. For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies. Allen Lane; 2006.
93.
MacKenzie JM. Orientalism: History, Theory and the Arts. Manchester UP; 1995.
94.
Makdisi U. Ottoman Orientalism. The American Historical Review. 2002;107(3):768-796. doi:10.1086/532495
95.
Schacht J, Bosworth CE. The Legacy of Islam. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; 1979.
96.
Varisco DM. Islam Obscured: The Rhetoric of Anthropological Representation. Vol Contemporary anthropology of religion. Palgrave Macmillan; 2005. http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781403973429
97.
Varisco DM. Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid. University of Washington Press; 2011. https://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=15430819710004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760
98.
Donner F. Visions of the Early Islamic Expansion: Between the Heroic and the Horrific. In: El-Cheikh NM, O’Sullivan S, eds. Byzantium in Early Islamic Syria: Proceedings of a Conference Organized by the American University of Beirut and the University of Balamand, June 18-19, 2007. American University of Beirut; 2011:9-30.
99.
Walmsley A. Production, Exchange and Regional Trade in the Islamic Near East: Old Structures, New Systems? In: The Long Eighth Century. Vol The transformation of the Roman world. Brill; 2000:264-343.
100.
Fenwick C. From Africa to Ifrīqiya: Settlement and Society in Early Medieval North Africa (650–800). Al-Masaq. 2013;25(1):9-33. doi:10.1080/09503110.2013.767008
101.
Robinson C. The First Islamic Empire. In: The Roman Empire in Context: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Vol Ancient world--comparative histories. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011:229-248. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14428531010004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
102.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part One - Origins. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj4
103.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part Two - After Muhammad. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj5
104.
Cameron A, Cameron A. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, 395-700 AD. Vol Routledge history of the ancient world. Second edition. Routledge; 2012.
105.
Donner FM. The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE). In: The Arabs and Arabia on the Eve of Islam. Vol The formation of the classical Islamic world. Ashgate/Variorum; 1999:21-33.
106.
Little LK, ed. Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750. Cambridge University Press; 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812934
107.
Mousavi A. The Sasanian Empire: An Archaeological Survey,c.220-AD60. In: A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Vol Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012:1076-1094. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/book/10.1002/9781444360790
108.
Robinson CF. The Rise of Islam, 600-705. In: The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge University Press; 2010:173-225. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14488947860004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
109.
Bowersock GW. Roman Arabia. Harvard University Press; 1983.
110.
Donner FM. The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE). In: The Arabs and Arabia on the Eve of Islam. Vol The formation of the classical Islamic world. Ashgate/Variorum; 1999:21-33.
111.
Fisher G. Between Empires: Arabs, Romans, and Sasanians in Late Antiquity. Vol Oxford classical monographs. Oxford University Press; 2011. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195690477.001.0001
112.
Fisher G, ed. Arabs and Empires before Islam. Oxford University Press; 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654529.001.0001
113.
Fowden G. Empire to Commonwealth: Consequences of Monotheism in Late Antiquity. Princeton University Press; 1993.
114.
Hoyland RG. Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam. Routledge; 2001.
115.
Kennet D. On the eve of Islam: archaeological evidence from Eastern Arabia. Antiquity. 2005;79(303):107-118. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00113730
116.
Lecker M. Pre-Islamic Arabia. In: The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge University Press; 2010:153-172. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14488947860004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
117.
SOAS, University of London holdings information for ‘Entre memoire et pouvoir : l’espace syrien sous les dern...’ | Copac. http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=entre%20memoire%20et%20pouvoir&iids=107777719%20&show-library=SOAS%2C%20University%20of%20London&rn=3
118.
Borrut A. Vanishing Syria: Periodization and Power in Early Islam. Der Islam. 2014;91(1). doi:10.1515/islam-2014-0004
119.
Donner FM. Modern approaches to early Islamic history. In: Robinson CF, ed. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Vol The New Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press; 2010:625-647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238
120.
Ruggles DF, ed. Islamic Art and Visual Culture: An Anthology of Sources. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
121.
Heidemann S. Numismatics. In: Robinson CF, ed. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Vol The New Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press; 2010:648-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238
122.
Hoyland RG. Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam. Vol Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Darwin Press; 1997.
123.
Howard-Johnston J. Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century. Oxford University Press; 2010. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208593.001.0001
124.
Humphreys RS. Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry. Rev. ed. I. B. Tauris; 1991.
125.
Sijpesteijn PM. Arabic Papyri and Islamic Egypt. In: The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Vol Oxford handbooks. Oxford University Press; 2009:452-472.
126.
Moreland J. Archaeology and Text. Vol Duckworth debates in archaeology. Duckworth; 2001.
127.
Watson O. Ceramics from Islamic Lands. Thames & Hudson; 2004.
128.
Hodges R. The Abbasid Caliphate. In: Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe: Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis. Duckworth; 1983:123-157.
129.
Bulliet RW. Islam: The View from the Edge. Columbia University Press; 1994.
130.
Insoll T. The Archaeology of Islam. Vol Social archaeology. Blackwell Publishers; 1999.
131.
Johns J. The House of the Prophet and the Concept of the Mosque. In: Johns J, ed. Bayt Al-Maqdis: Jerusalem and Early Islam. Vol Oxford studies in Islamic art. Published by Oxford University Press for the Board of Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford; 1999:59-112.
132.
Insoll T. The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa. Vol Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge University Press; 2003.
133.
Ruthven M. Islam: A Very Short Introduction. Vol Very short introductions. Oxford University Press; 1997.
134.
BBC Radio 4 - Sunni-Shia: Islam Divided. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07wr3kx
135.
BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, Sunni and Shia Islam - Broadcasts. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00l5mhl/broadcasts
136.
Carvajal JC, Day PM. Cooking Pots and Islamicization in the Early Medieval Vega of Granada (Al-Andalus, Sixth to Twelfth Centuries). Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 2013;32(4):433-451. doi:10.1111/ojoa.12023
137.
Fentress, E. The House of the Prophet: North African Islamic housing. Archeologia Medievale. 14. https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1298016577/ABC18DCF39894D7FPQ/6?accountid=14511
138.
MATTIA GUIDETTI. The Byzantine Heritage in the Dar al Islam: CHURCHES AND MOSQUES IN AL-RUHA BETWEEN THE SIXTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES. Muqarnas. 2009;26:1-36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27811133?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
139.
Horton MC. Islam, Archaeology and Swahili Identity. In: Changing Social Identity with the Spread of Islam: Archaeological Perspectives. Vol Oriental Institute seminars. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004:67-68.
140.
Insoll T. Syncretism, Time and Identity: Islamic Archaeology in West Africa. In: Changing Social Identity with the Spread of Islam: Archaeological Perspectives. Vol Oriental Institute seminars. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004:89-101.
141.
Edited by Liv Nilsson Stutz and Sarah Tarlow. Beautiful Things and Bones of Desire. In: The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199569069.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199569069-e-1
142.
Gideon Avni. From Standing Stones to Open Mosques in the Negev Desert: The Archaeology of Religious Transformation on the Fringes. Near Eastern Archaeology. 2007;70(3):124-138. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20361319?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
143.
Carvajal JC. Islamicization or Islamicizations? Expansion of Islam and social practice in the Vega of Granada (south-east Spain). World Archaeology. 2013;45(1):109-123. doi:10.1080/00438243.2012.759512
144.
Cook M. The Koran: A Very Short Introduction. Vol Very short introductions. Oxford University Press; 2000. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001
145.
Grabar O, Audeh A, Nuseibeh S, Al-Asad M. The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton University Press; 1996.
146.
Karev Y. Samarqand in the 8th century: the evidence of transformation. In: Changing Social Identity with the Spread of Islam: Archaeological Perspectives. Vol Oriental Institute seminars. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004:51-66.
147.
Whitcomb DS. Changing Social Identity with the Spread of Islam: Archaeological Perspectives. Vol Oriental Institute seminars. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004.
148.
Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson. Early Islam as a Late Antique Religion. In: The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336931.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195336931-e-32
149.
Flood FB. The Great Mosque of Damascus: Studies on the Makings of an Ummayad Visual Culture. Vol Islamic history and civilization. Studies and texts. Brill; 2001.
150.
Thomas Leisten. BETWEEN ORTHODOXY AND EXEGESIS: SOME ASPECTS OF ATTITUDES IN THE SHARIʿA TOWARD FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE. Muqarnas Online. 1989;7(1):12-22. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000245
151.
Peacock ACS, De Nicola B, Yildiz SN, eds. Islam and Christianity in Medieval Anatolia. Ashgate Publishing Company; 2015.
152.
Petersen A, Council for British Research in the Levant. The Medieval and Ottoman Hajj Route in Jordan: An Archaeological and Historical Study. Vol Levant supplementary series. Oxbow Books; 2012. https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/116030
153.
Peacock ACS, ed. Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History. Edinburgh University Press; 2017. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g09v0p
154.
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar. Conversion in Late Antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond : Papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar, University of Oxford, 2009-2010. (Papaconstantinou A, McLynn NB, Schwartz DL, eds.). Ashgate; 2015. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=2110649
155.
Petersen AD. The Archaeology of Muslim Pilgrimage and Shrines in Palestine. In: Case Studies in Archaeology and World Religion: The Proceedings of the Cambridge Conference. Vol BAR international series. Archaeopress; 1999:116-127. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1520a686-83cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
156.
Porter V, British Museum. Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam. British Museum Press; 2012.
157.
La Vaissière É de, Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes (Paris, France). Islamisation de l’Asie Centrale: Processus Locaux d’acculturation Du VIIe Au XIe Siècle. Vol Studia Iranica. Cahier. Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes; 2008.
158.
Walmsley A, Damgaard K. The Umayyad congregational mosque of Jarash in Jordan and its relationship to early mosques. Antiquity. 2005;79(304):362-378. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00114152
159.
Asad T. The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam. Vol Occasional papers series / Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University. Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University; 1986.
160.
Asad T. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam. Johns Hopkins University Press; 1993.
161.
Asad T. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Vol Cultural memory in the present. Stanford University Press; 2003.
162.
Clifford. Geertz. Islam Observed : Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia / Clifford Geertz.
163.
Geertz C, Geertz H, Rosen L. Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society: Three Essays in Cultural Analysis. Cambridge University Press; 1978.
164.
Gellner E. Saints of the Atlas. Vol Nature of human society series. University of Chicago Press; 1969.
165.
Eaton RM, American Council of Learned Societies. The Rooting of Islam in Bengal,. Vol 17. University of California Press; 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02373
166.
Marranci G. Beyond the Stereotype: Challenges in Understanding Muslim Identities. In: The Anthropology of Islam. Berg; 2008:89-102. doi:10.5040/9781474215626
167.
Aillet C, Martinez-Gros G. Les Mozarabes: Christianisme, Islamisation et Arabisation En Péninsule Ibérique (IXe-XIIe Siècle). Vol Bibliothèque de la Casa de Velázquez. Casa de Velázquez; 2010.
168.
Daryaee T, Debié M, Griffith SH, et al. Christians and Others in the Umayyad State. Vol Late Antique and Medieval Islamic Near East (LAMINE). (Borrut A, Donner FM, eds.). Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2016.
169.
Peeters Publishers. Cultural Interchange during the Umayyad Era in Bilad Al-Sham. Peeters Publishers; 1994.
170.
Gharipour M, ed. Sacred Precincts. BRILL; 2015. doi:10.1163/9789004280229
171.
Griffith SH. The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam. Vol Jews, Christians, and Muslims from the ancient to the modern world. Princeton University Press; 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30657
172.
Guidetti M. The contiguity between churches and mosques in early Islamic Bilād al-Shām. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 2013;76(02):229-258. doi:10.1017/S0041977X13000086
173.
Guidetti M. In the Shadow of the Church: The Building of Mosques in Early Medieval Syria. Vol Arts and archaeology of the Islamic world. Brill; 2017. doi:10.1163/9789004328839
174.
Hoyland RG. Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam. Vol Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Darwin Press; 1997.
175.
Levy-Rubin M. Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire: From Surrender to Coexistence. Vol Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge University Press; 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977435
176.
Jennifer Pruitt. Method in Madness: Recontextualizing the Destruction of Churches in the Fatimid Era. Muqarnas Online. 2013;30(1):119-139. doi:10.1163/22118993-0301P0007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-0301P0007
177.
Schick R. The Christian Communities of Palestine from Byzantine to Islamic Rule: A Historical and Archaeological Study. Vol Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Darwin Press; 1995.
178.
Wood P. Christians in the Middle East, 600-1000:Conquest, Competition and Conversion. In: Peacock ACS, De Nicola B, Yildiz SN, eds. Islam and Christianity in Medieval Anatolia. Ashgate Publishing Company; 2015:23-50.
179.
Jeremy Johns. Archaeology and the History of Early Islam: The First Seventy Years. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 2003;46(4):411-436. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632827?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
180.
HOYLAND R. New documentary texts and the early Islamic state. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 2006;69(03). doi:10.1017/S0041977X06000188
181.
Fenwick C. Archaeology, Empire and the Conquest of North Africa. Past and present.
182.
Kennedy H. The Decline and Fall of the First Muslim Empire. Der Islam. 2004;81(1). doi:10.1515/islm.2004.81.1.3
183.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part Three - Islam’s Golden Age. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj0
184.
BBC Radio 3 - The Essay, The Islamic Golden Age, The Establishment of the Islamic State. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03j9mcx
185.
Jere L. Bacharach. MARWANID UMAYYAD BUILDING ACTIVITIES: SPECULATIONS ON PATRONAGE. Muqarnas Online. 1996;13(1):27-44. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000355
186.
Damgaard K. Access Granted: The Phenomenology of Approach in Early Islamic Palatial Architecture. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2013;2(2):273-305. doi:10.1386/ijia.2.2.273_1
187.
Genequand D. Umayyad Castles: the shift from Late antique Military Architecture to early Islamic Palatial Building. In: Muslim Military Architecture in Greater Syria: From the Coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period. Vol History of warfare. Brill; 2006:3-25. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14908149530004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
188.
Heidemann S. The representation of the Early Islamic empire and its religion on coin imagery. In: Fuess A, Hartung JP, eds. Court Cultures in the Muslim World: Seventh to Nineteenth Centuries. Vol SOAS/Routledge studies on the Middle East. Taylor & Francis; 2014:30-53.
189.
Eger A. Frontier or Frontiers? Interaction and Exchange in Frontier Societies. In: The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange among Muslim and Christian Communities. I.B. Tauris; 2015:277-309. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c71e1e5d-88cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
190.
Elad A. Why did ’Abd al-Malik build the Dome of the Rock? In: Bayt Al-Maqdis: Abd al-Malik’s Jerusalem, Part 1. Oxford University Press; 1992:33-58.
191.
Hillenbrand R. IN EARLY ISLAMIC SYRIA: THE EVIDENCE OF LATER UMAYYAD PALACES. Art History. 1982;5(1):1-35. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8365.1982.tb00744.x
192.
Nasser Rabbat. THE MEANING OF THE UMAYYAD DOME OF THE ROCK. Muqarnas Online. 1988;6(1):12-21. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000230
193.
Crone P. From Arabian Tribes to Islamic Empire: Army, State and Society in the Near East, c.600-850. Vol Variorum collected studies series. Ashgate; 2008.
194.
Donner FM. The Expansion of the Early Islamic State. Vol The formation of the classical Islamic world. Ashgate Variorum; 2008.
195.
Haldon JF. Money, Power and Politics in Early Islamic Syria: A Review of Current Debates. Ashgate; 2010.
196.
Kennedy H. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. Vol Warfare and history. Routledge; 2001.
197.
Irwin R. Islamic Art in Context: Art, Architecture, and the Literary World. Vol Perspectives. Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997.
198.
Marsham A. Rituals of Islamic Monarchy: Accession and Succession in the First Muslim Empire. Edinburgh University Press; 2009. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931063274104761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,Rituals%20of%20Islamic%20monarchy:%20accession%20and%20succession%20in%20the%20first%20Muslim%20empire&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9084245728077332141&offset=0
199.
Sijpesteijn PM. New Rule over Old Sturctures: Egypt after the Muslim Conquest. In: Regime Change in the Ancient Near East and Egypt: From Sargon of Agade to Saddam Hussein. Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press; 2007:183-200. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=18891ab9-85cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
200.
Donner FM. The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton University Press; 1981. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00877
201.
Fowden G. Late-antique art in Syria and its Umayyad evolutions. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2004;17:282-304. doi:10.1017/S1047759400008254
202.
Fowden G. Quṣayr ʻAmra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria. Vol The transformation of the classical heritage. University of California Press; 2004.
203.
Flood FB. The Great Mosque of Damascus: Studies on the Makings of an Ummayad Visual Culture. Vol Islamic history and civilization. Studies and texts. Brill; 2001.
204.
Grabar O, Audeh A, Nuseibeh S, Al-Asad M. The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton University Press; 1996.
205.
Kennet D. On the eve of Islam: archaeological evidence from Eastern Arabia. Antiquity. 2005;79(303):107-118. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00113730
206.
King GRD. Settlement patterns in Islamic Jordan: the Umayyads and their use of the land. In: Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan: 4. Department of Antiquities in cooperation with: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Université Lumiere, Lyon; 1992:369-375.
207.
Nuha N. N. Khoury. THE DOME OF THE ROCK, THE KAʿBA, AND GHUMDAN: ARAB MYTHSAND UMAYVAD MONUMENTS. Muqarnas Online. 1992;10(1):57-66. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000295
208.
Northedge A. Archaeology and new urban settlement in early Islamic Syria and Iraq. In: The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East: (Papers of the Second Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam), 2: Land Use and Settlement Patterns. Vol Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Darwin Press; 1994:231-265.
209.
Robinson CF. Empire and Elites after the Muslim Conquest: The Transformation of Northern Mesopotamia. Cambridge University Press; 2000. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511497513
210.
Papaconstantinou, Arietta D, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar. Conversion in Late Antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond : Papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar, University of Oxford, 2009-2010. (Papaconstantinou A, McLynn N, Schwartz DL, eds.). Routledge; 2016. http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2945666550004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760
211.
Sijpesteijn P. Shaping a Muslim State: Papyri Related to a Mid-Eighth Century Egyptian Official. UMI Dissertation Services; 2005.
212.
WHITCOMB D. Urbanism in Arabia. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 1996;7(1):38-51. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0471.1996.tb00086.x
213.
Hillenbrand R. The ‘Abbasids’. In: Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol World of art. Thames and Hudson; 1999:38-60.
214.
Kennedy H. The Early ‘Abbasid Caliphate’. In: The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. Vol A History of the Near East. Longman; 1986:123-155. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=22332a64-81cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
215.
Foote RM. Frescoes and carved ivory from the Abbasid family homestead at Humeima. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 1999;12:423-428. doi:10.1017/S1047759400018146
216.
Kennedy H. The Early Abbasid Caliphate: A Political History. Croom Helm; 1981.
217.
Lassner J. the Building of Madinat as-Salam. In: The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages: Text and Studies. Wayne State University Press; 1970:45-59.
218.
Lassner J. The Dar al-Khalifa. In: The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages: Text and Studies. Wayne State University Press; 1970:85-89.
219.
Northedge A. Remarks on Samarra and the archaeology of large cities. Antiquity. 2005;79(303):119-129. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00113742
220.
Northedge A, Fondation Max van Berchem, British School of Archaeology in Iraq. The Historical Topography of Samarra. Vol Samarra studies. British School of Archaeology in Iraq (BSAI); 2005.
221.
Northedge, Alastair. An interpretation of the Palace of the Caliph at Samarra (Dar al-Khilafa or Jawsaq al-Khaqani). Ars Orientalis. 1993;23:143-170. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505651456&site=ehost-live&scope=site
222.
Whitcomb D. Hesban, Amman and Abbasid Archaeology in Jordan. In: The Archaeology of Jordan and beyond: Essays in Honor of James A. Sauer. Vol Studies in the archaeology and history of the Levant. Eisenbrauns; 2000:505-515.
223.
Whitcomb D. Reassessing the Archaeology of Jordan of the Abbasid Period. Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan: 4. Published online 1992:385-390.
224.
Walmsley A. Fihl (Pella) and the Cities of North Jordan during the Umayyad and Abbasid Periods. In: Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan: 4. Department of Antiquities in cooperation with: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Université Lumiere, Lyon; 1992:377-384.
225.
Boas AJ. Crusader Archaeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East. Routledge; 1999. http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780203984666
226.
Bonner M. The naming of the frontier: ՙAwāim, Thughūr, and the Arab geographers. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1994;57(01). doi:10.1017/S0041977X0002807X
227.
Bosworth CE. THE CITY OF TARSUS AND THE ARAB-BYZANTINE FRONTIERS IN EARLY AND MIDDLE ʿABBĀSID TIMES. Oriens. 1992;33(1):268-286. doi:10.1163/1877837292X00105
228.
Brauer RW. Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1995;85(6). doi:10.2307/1006658
229.
Michael Decker. Frontier Settlement and Economy in the Byzantine East. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 2007;61:217-267. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472050?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
230.
Eger AA. The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange among Muslim and Christian Communities. I.B. Tauris; 2015.
231.
Haldon JF. The Arab-Byzantine frontier in the eighth and ninth centuries: military organization and society in the borderlands. Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta =: Recueil des travaux de l’Institut d’Etudes Byzantines. 1980;19:79-116.
232.
Hassan S. Khalilieh. The Ribât System and Its Role in Coastal Navigation. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1999;42(2):212-225. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/3632336?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
233.
Lilie RJ. The Byzantine-Arab Borderland from the Seventh to the Ninth Century. In: Borders, Barriers, and Ethnogenesis: Frontiers in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Vol Studies in the early Middle Ages. Brepols; 2005:13-21.
234.
Michaudel B. The Development of Islamic Military Architecture during the Ayyubid and Mamluk Reconquest of Frankish Syria. In: Muslim Military Architecture in Greater Syria: From the Coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period. Vol History of warfare. Brill; 2006:106-121. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14908149530004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
235.
Parker ST, American Schools of Oriental Research. Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier. Vol American Schools of Oriental Research Dissertation Series. American Schools of Oriental Research; 1986.
236.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod. The Islamic City--Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance. International Journal of Middle East Studies. 1987;19(2):155-176. https://www.jstor.org/stable/163352?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
237.
Bacharach JL. Administrative Complexes, Palaces, and Citadels: Changes in the Loci of Medieval Muslim Rule. In: The Ottoman City and Its Parts: Urban Structure and Social Order. Vol Subsidia Balcanica, Islamica et Turcica. A.D. Caratzas; 1991:105-122.
238.
Hillenbrand R. Anjar and Early Islamic Urbanism. In: The Idea and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Vol Transformation of the Roman world. Brill; 1999:59-98.
239.
Hugh Kennedy. From Polis to Madina: Urban Change in Late Antique and Early Islamic Syria. Past & Present. 1985;(106):3-27. https://www.jstor.org/stable/650637?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
240.
Wheatley P. The Places Where Men Pray Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh through the Tenth Centuries. University of Chicago Press; 2001.
241.
GIDEON AVNI. ``From Polis to Madina’’ Revisited — Urban Change in Byzantine and early Islamic Palestine. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2011;21(3):301-329. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/23011474?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
242.
Eger AA. Mapping Medieval Antioch: Urban Transformations from the Early Islamic to the Middle Byzantine Periods. In: Dumbarton Oaks Papers: Number Sixty-Seven. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; 2013:95-134.
243.
Gascoigne AL. The Water Supply of Tinnis: Public amenities and private investments. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, eds. Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society. Vol SOAS/Routledge studies on the Middle East. Routledge; 2007:161-176.
244.
Hugh Kennedy. From Shahristan to Medina. Studia Islamica. 2006;(102):5-34. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20141082?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
245.
Kennedy H. How to found an Islamic city. In: Cities, Texts and Social Networks, 400-1500: Experiences and Perceptions of Medieval Urban Space. Ashgate; 2010:45-63.
246.
R. Rante. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF RAYY DURING THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD. Iran. 2007;45:161-180. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25651417?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
247.
Vallejo Triano A. Madinat al-Zahra: Transformation of a Caliphal City. In: Revisiting Al-Andalus: Perspectives on the Material Culture of Islamic Iberia and Beyond. Vol The Medieval and early modern Iberian world. Brill; 2007:3-26. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14687291100004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
248.
Whitcomb D. An Urban Structure for the Early Islamic City. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, eds. Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society. Vol SOAS/Routledge studies on the Middle East. Routledge; 2007:15-26.
249.
Williams T. The City of Sultan Kala, Merv, Turkmenistan: Communities, neighbourhoods and urban planning from the eighth to thirteenth century. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, eds. Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society. Vol SOAS/Routledge studies on the Middle East. Routledge; 2007:42-61.
250.
Jamel Akbar. KHATTA AND THE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF EARLY MUSLIM TOWNS. Muqarnas Online. 1988;6(1):22-32. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000231
251.
Avni G. The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach. Vol Oxford studies in Byzantium. Oxford University Press; 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684335.001.0001
252.
Brogiolo GP, Ward-Perkins JB. The Idea and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Vol Transformation of the Roman world. Brill; 1999.
253.
Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, eds. Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society. Vol SOAS/Routledge studies on the Middle East. Routledge; 2007.
254.
Fenwick C. From Africa to Ifrīqiya: Settlement and Society in Early Medieval North Africa (650–800). Al-Masaq. 2013;25(1):9-33. doi:10.1080/09503110.2013.767008
255.
Insoll T. The Archaeology of Islam. Vol Social archaeology. Blackwell Publishers; 1999.
256.
León A, Murillo JFco. Advances in Research on Islamic Cordoba. Journal of Islamic Archaeology. 2014;1(1):5-35. doi:10.1558/jia.v1i1.5
257.
Nováček K, Melčák M, Starková L, Amin NAM. Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia. Vol Archaeopress archaeology. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd; 2016.
258.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The City in the Islamic World. Vol Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East. Brill; 2008. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500
259.
Peters FE. Jerusalem and Mecca: The Typology of the Holy City in the Near East. Vol New York University studies in Near Eastern civilization. New York University Press; 1986.
260.
Petersen A. The Towns of Palestine under Muslim Rule, AD 600-1600. Vol BAR international series. Archaeopress; 2005.
261.
Andre Raymond. Islamic City, Arab City: Orientalist Myths and Recent Views. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 1994;21(1):3-18. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/195564?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
262.
Ruggles DF. Madinat al-Zahra. In: Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain. Pennsylvania State University Press; 2000:3-18.
263.
Alan Walmsley. Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565-800. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 2007;61:319-352. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472053?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
264.
Wheatley P. The Places Where Men Pray Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh through the Tenth Centuries. University of Chicago Press; 2001.
265.
AlSayyad N. Cairo: Histories of a City. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2011. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674060791?locatt=mode:legacy
266.
Alston R. Urban Transformation in the East from Byzantium to Islam. Acta byzantina fennica. 2009;3:8-38.
267.
Karimian, Hassan. Transition from Equality to the Hierarchical Social Structure and Urban Form in the Early Islamic Cities. Der Islam. 2011;86(2):237-270. https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1114873039/FECD54897BC54B84PQ/2?accountid=14511
268.
Khalaf, Roha W. Traditional vs modern Arabian morphologies. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development. 2012;2(1):27-43. https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1016331866/EC271760B094030PQ/3?accountid=14511
269.
Radoine H. Planning paradigm in the                              : order in randomness. Planning Perspectives. 2011;26(4):527-549. doi:10.1080/02665433.2011.601607
270.
Les fouilles de Paykend: nouveaux elements. Cahiers d’Asie centrale. (21/22):237-258. http://asiecentrale.revues.org/1841
271.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The City in the Islamic World. Vol Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East. Brill; 2008. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500
272.
Fentress, E. The House of the Prophet: North African Islamic housing. Archeologia Medievale. 14. https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1298016577/66050C09B418462EPQ/6?accountid=14511
273.
Insoll T. The Archaeology of Islam. Vol Social archaeology. Blackwell Publishers; 1999.
274.
Magness J. Early Islamic Pottery: Evidence of a Revolution in Diet and Dinning Habits. In: Agency and Identity in the Ancient Near East: New Paths Forward. Vol Approaches to anthropological archaeology. Equinox; 2010:117-126. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=92d12bbb-4642-e811-80cd-005056af4099
275.
Walmsley A. Regional exchange and the role of the shop in Byzantine and Early Islamic Syria-Palestine: an archeological view. In: Trade and Markets in Byzantium. Vol Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine symposia and colloquia. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; 2012:311-330.
276.
Alexander MM, Gerrard CM, Gutiérrez A, Millard AR. Diet, society, and economy in late medieval Spain: Stable isotope evidence from Muslims and Christians from Gandía, Valencia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2015;156(2):263-273. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22647
277.
Gascoigne AL. Cooking pots and choices in the medieval Middle East. In: Pottery and Social Dynamics in the Mediterranean and beyond in Medieval and Post-Medieval Times. Vol BAR international series. Archaeopress; 2013:1-10. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14746678250004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
278.
Grau-Sologestoa I. Socio-economic status and religious identity in medieval Iberia: The zooarchaeological evidence. Environmental Archaeology. 2017;22(2):189-199. doi:10.1080/14614103.2016.1153818
279.
MacLean R, Insoll T. Archaeology, luxury and the exotic: the examples of Islamic Gao (Mali) and Bahrain. World Archaeology. 2003;34(3):558-570. doi:10.1080/0043824021000026512
280.
Northedge A. The contents of the first Muslim houses: Thoughts about the assemblages from the Amman Citadel. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: 12 April - 16 April 2010, the British Museum and UCL, London. Harrassowitz; 2012:633-659.
281.
Walmsley A. The Excavation of an Umayyad Period House at Pella in Jordan. In: Housing in Late Antiquity: From Palaces to Shops. Vol Late antique archaeology. Brill; 2007:515-522. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14990242040004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
282.
Bonine ME. Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites and the Middle Eastern City. In: A Companion to the History of the Middle East. Vol Blackwell companions to world history. Blackwell Pub; 2005:393-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996423
283.
Campo JE. The Other Sides of Paradise: Explorations into the Religious Meanings of Domestic Space in Islam. Vol Studies in comparative religion. University of South Carolina Press; 1991.
284.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The City in the Islamic World. Vol Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East. Brill; 2008. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500
285.
Simpson SJ. Death and Burial in the Late Islamic Near East: Some Insights from Archaeology and Ethnograhy. In: The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East. Vol Oxbow monograph. Oxbow Books; 1995:240-251. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1bb74168-8dcb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
286.
Walmsley A. Early Islamic Syria: An Archaeological Assessment. Vol Duckworth debates in archaeology. Duckworth; 2007.
287.
Alan Walmsley. Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565-800. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 2007;61:319-352. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472053
288.
Foote RM. Commerce, Industrial Expansion, and Orthogonal Planning: Mutually Compatible Terms in settlements of Bilad al-Sham during the Umayyad Period. Mediterranean archaeology. 2000;13:25-38.
289.
Stefan Heidemann. The History of the Industrial and Commercial Area of ’Abbāsid Al-Raqqa, Called Al-Raqqa Al-Muḥtariqa. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 2006;69(1):33-52. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20181988?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
290.
Stillman NA. The Eleventh Century Merchant House of Ibn ’Awkal (a Geniza Study). Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1973;16(1):15-87. doi:10.1163/156852073X00021
291.
Simpson I. Market Buildings at Jerash:Commerical Transformations at the Tetrakionion in the 6th to 9th centuries CE. In: Residences, Castles, Settlements: Transformation Processes from Late Antiquity to Early Islam in Bilad al-Sham : Proceedings of the International Conference Held at Damascus, 5-9 November, 2006. Vol Orient-Archäologie. Marie Leidorf; 2008:115-124.
292.
Tonghini C, Henderson J. An Eleventh-century Pottery Production Workshop at al-Raqqa. Preliminary Report. Levant. 1998;30(1):113-127. doi:10.1179/lev.1998.30.1.113
293.
Tsafrir Y. Trade, workshops and shops in Bet Shean/Scythopolis, 4th-8th centuries. In: Byzantine Trade, 4th-12th Centuries: The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange : Papers of the Thirty-Eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Vol Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies publications; 14. Ashgate; 2009:61-82.
294.
Watson AM. Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques, 700-1100. Vol Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization. Cambridge University Press; 1983.
295.
Michael Decker. Plants and Progress: Rethinking the Islamic Agricultural Revolution. Journal of World History. 2009;20(2):187-206. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40542757?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
296.
Ian C. Freestone and Yael Gorin-Rosen. THE GREAT GLASS SLAB AT BET SHE’ARIM, ISRAEL: AN EARLY ISLAMIC GLASSMAKING EXPERIMENT? Journal of Glass Studies. 1999;41:105-116. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/24190848?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
297.
MASON RB, TITE MS. THE BEGINNINGS OF TIN-OPACIFICATION OF POTTERY GLAZES. Archaeometry. 1997;39(1):41-58. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1997.tb00789.x
298.
Amar Z. The History of the Paper Industry in al-Sham in the Middle Ages. In: Towns and Material Culture in the Medieval Middle East. Vol Medieval Mediterranean. Brill; 2002:119-134.
299.
Bernsted AMK. Early Islamic Pottery: Materials and Techniques. Archetype; 2003.
300.
Ruggles DF, ed. Islamic Art and Visual Culture: An Anthology of Sources. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
301.
Fischel WJ. The Spice Trade in Mamluk Egypt: A Contribution to the Economic History of Medieval Islam. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1958;1(2). doi:10.2307/3596013
302.
Frantz-Murphy G. A New Interpretation of the Economic History of Medieval Egypt: The Role of the Textile Industry 254-567/868-1171. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1981;24(3). doi:10.2307/3631908
303.
Freestone IC, Jackson-Tal RE, Taxel I, Tal O. Glass production at an Early Islamic workshop in Tel Aviv. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2015;62:45-54. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.07.003
304.
Freestone IC. The relationship between enamelling on ceramics and on glass in the Islamic world. Archaeometry. 2002;44(2):251-255. doi:10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00057
305.
Henderson J, Challis K, O’Hara S, McLoughlin S, Gardner A, Priestnall G. Experiment and innovation: early Islamic industry at al-Raqqa, Syria. Antiquity. 2005;79(303):130-145. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00113754
306.
Harrell JA. Discovery of a medieval Islamic industry for steatite cooking vessels in Egypt’s Eastern Desert. In: New Approaches to Old Stones: Recent Studies of Ground Stone Artifacts. Vol Approaches to anthropological archaeology. Equinox Pub; 2008:41-65. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ade173e1-86cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
307.
Henderson J. Ancient Glass: An Interdisciplinary Exploration. Cambridge University Press; 2013.
308.
Irwin R. Artists, Guilds and Craft Technology. In: Islamic Art in Context: Art, Architecture, and the Literary World. Vol Perspectives. Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997:133-136.
309.
Jones R, Cartwright C, Politis KD. Sweet Waste: Medieval Sugar Production in the Mediterranean Viewed from the 2002 Excavation at the Tawahin Es-Sukkar, Safi, Jordan. Vol Early materials and practices series. Potingair Press; 2017.
310.
Lev E. Trade of Medical Substances in the Medieval and Ottoman Levant. In: Towns and Material Culture in the Medieval Middle East. Vol Medieval Mediterranean. Brill; 2002:159-184.
311.
Mayerson, Philip. The role of flax in Roman and Fatimid Egypt. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 1997;56:201-207. doi:10.1086/468554
312.
Milwright M. Crafts and Industry. In: An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology. Vol The new Edinburgh Islamic surveys. Edinburgh University Press; 2010:143-158. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r29m5
313.
Milwright M. Islamic Arts and Crafts: An Anthology. Edinburgh University Press Ltd; 2017.
314.
Phelps M, Freestone IC, Gorin-Rosen Y, Gratuze B. Natron glass production and supply in the late antique and early medieval Near East: The effect of the Byzantine-Islamic transition. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2016;75:57-71. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2016.08.006
315.
Philips WD. Sugar Production and trade in the Mediterranean at the Time of the Crusades. In: The Meeting of Two Worlds: Europe and the Americas 1492-1650. Vol Proceedings of the British Academy. published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press; 1993:393-406.
316.
Rehren T. Cutting Edge Technology - The Ferghana Process of medieval crucible steel smelting. Metalla: Forschungsberichte des Deutschen Bergbau-Museums. 2000;7:55-69.
317.
Rehren Th, Nixon S. Refining gold with glass – an early Islamic technology at Tadmekka, Mali. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2014;49:33-41. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.04.013
318.
Saitowitz SJ. Early Indian Ocean Glass Bead Trade between Egypt and Malaysia: A Pilot Study. In: Indo-Pacific Prehistory: The Chiang Mai Papers. Vol Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Australian National University; 1996:119-123.
319.
Tsugitaka S. Sugar in the Economic Life of Mamluk Egypt. Mamlūk studies review. 2004;8(2):87-108. http://metalib.ucl.ac.uk:9003/sfx_local?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:opac_856&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=991042732661906&svc_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&
320.
Vickers M, Impey OR, Allan JW, Ashmolean Museum. From Silver to Ceramic: The Potter’s Debt to Metalwork in the Graeco-Roman, Oriental and Islamic Worlds. Ashmolean Museum; 1986.
321.
Vroom J. After Antiquity: Ceramics and Society in the Aegean from the 7th to the 20th Century A.C. ; a Case Study from Boeotia, Central Greece. Vol Archaeological studies Leiden University. Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden; 2003.
322.
Watson O. Ceramics from Islamic Lands. Thames & Hudson; 2004.
323.
Bazzana A. Irrigation systems of Islamic origin in the Valle de Ricote (Murcia, Spain). RURALIA II | ruralia. 1998;II:152-160. http://www.ruralia.cz/Ruralia_PDF_2.html
324.
Karl W. Butzer, Juan F. Mateu, Elisabeth K. Butzer and Pavel Kraus. Irrigation Agrosystems in Eastern Spain: Roman or Islamic Origins? Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 1985;75(4):479-509. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2563108?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
325.
Davis SJM. Zooarchaeological evidence for Moslem and Christian improvements of sheep and cattle in Portugal. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2008;35(4):991-1010. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.07.001
326.
Thomas F. Glick. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages.
327.
Milwright M. The Countryside. In: An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology. Vol The new Edinburgh Islamic surveys. Edinburgh University Press; 2010:59-74. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r29m5
328.
Haiman M. Agriculture and Nomad-State Relations in the Negev Desert in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 1995;(297). doi:10.2307/1357388
329.
Johns J. The Longue Duree: State and Settlement Strategies in Southern Jordan across the Islamic Centuries. In: Rogan EL, Tell T, eds. Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan. British Academic Press; 1994:1-31. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=7a652ae4-89cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
330.
Keenan JG. Fayyum Agriculture at the End of the Ayyubid Era: Nabulsi’s Survey. In: Agriculture in Egypt: From Pharaonic to Modern Times. Vol Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford University Press for the British Academy; 1999:287-299. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=159f41f2-87cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
331.
Leone A. Vandal, Byzantine, and Arab rural landscapes in North Africa. In: Landscapes of Change: Rural Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Ashgate; 2004:135-162. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a5f9ed01-8bcb-e711-80cd-005056af4099
332.
McPhillips S, Wordsworth PD, eds. Landscapes of the Islamic World: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc; 2016. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1c2cr8z
333.
Nevo YD, Negev Archaeological Project for the Study of Ancient Arab Desert Cultures. Pagans and Herders: A Re-Examination of the Negev Runoff Cultivation Systems in the Byzantine and Early Arab Periods. Vol New sources for the history of the Byzantine and early Arab periods--the Negev, fourth to eighth centuries AD. IPS Ltd; 1991.
334.
Ruggles D. The Countryside: the Roman Agricultural and Hydraulic Legacy of the Islamic Mediterranean. In: The City in the Islamic World. Vol Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East. Brill; 2008:795-816. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500
335.
Van der Veen M. Agricultural innovation: invention and adoption or change and adaptation? World archaeology.:1-12.
336.
Wickham C. Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800. Oxford University Press; 2005. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=834766
337.
Wilson A. Classical water technology in ht early Islamic world. In: Bruun C, ed. Technology, Ideology, Water: From Frontinus to the Renaissance and beyond : Papers from a Conference at the Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, May 19-20, 2000. Vol Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae. Institutum Romanum Finlandiae; 2003:115-141.
338.
Alexander J. Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa. World archaeology.:44-60.
339.
Ashtor E. Histoire Des Prix et Des Salaires Dans l’Orient Médiéval [ Edition Originale ]. S.E.V.P.E.N.; 1969.
340.
Bang PF. The Roman Bazaar: A Comparative Study of Trade and Markets in a Tributary Empire. Vol Cambridge classical studies. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
341.
Bessard F. Between localism and a desire for greater openness: Teh urban economy in southern Greater Syria from the 7th century tothe end of the Umayyads. In: Lavan L, ed. Local Economies?: Production and Exchange of Inland Regions in Late Antiquities. Vol Late antique archaelogy. Brill; 2015:363-406. https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/title/26260
342.
Breen C. Towards an Archaeology of Early Islamic Ports on the Western Red Sea Coast. Journal of maritime archaeology.:311-323. http://metalib.ucl.ac.uk:9003/sfx_local?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:opac_856&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=1000000000221944&svc_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&
343.
Bulliet RW. Cotton, Climate, and Camels in Early Islamic Iran: A Moment in World History. Columbia University Press; 2009.
344.
Chittick H. East African Trade with the Orient. In: Islam and the Trade of Asia: A Colloquium. Vol Papers on Islamic history. Bruno Cassirer; 1970:97-104.
345.
Constable OR. Housing the Stranger in the Mediterranean World: Lodging, Trade, and Travel in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press; 2003.
346.
Cytryn-Silverman K. The Road Inns (Khāns) in Bilād al-Shām. Vol BAR international series. Archaeopress; 2010. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.30861/9781407306711
347.
La Vaissière É de. Sogdian Traders: A History. Vol Handbook of Oriental studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section eight, Central Asia. Brill; 2005. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931160653604761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,Sogdian%20traders:%20a%20history&offset=0
348.
Decker M. Tilling the Hateful Earth: Agricultural Production and Trade in the Late Antique East. Vol Oxford studies in Byzantium. Oxford University Press; 2009. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565283.001.0001
349.
Di Meglio RR. Arab Trade with Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula from the 8th to the 16th Century. In: Islam and the Trade of Asia: A Colloquium. Vol Papers on Islamic history. Bruno Cassirer; 1970:105-136.
350.
Goitein SD. Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders. Princeton University Press; 1974.
351.
Goitein SD. From the Mediterranean to India: Documents on the Trade to India, South Arabia, and East Africa from the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Speculum. 1954;29(2, Part 1):181-197. doi:10.2307/2849328
352.
Goitein SD. The Main Industries of the Mediterranean Area as Reflected in the Records of the Cairo Geniza. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1961;4(2). doi:10.2307/3596049
353.
Goitein SD, Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza. University of California Press; 1967.
354.
Hourani GF. Trade Routes under the Caliphate. In: Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times. Vol Princeton paperbacks. Expanded ed. Princeton University Press; 1995:51-86.
355.
Mark Horton. Artisans, Communities, and Commodities: Medieval Exchanges between Northwestern India and East Africa. Ars Orientalis. 2004;34:62-80. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4629608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
356.
Hudson GF. The Medieval Trade of China. In: Islam and the Trade of Asia: A Colloquium. Vol Papers on Islamic history. Bruno Cassirer; 1970:159-167.
357.
Insoll T. Timbuktu and Europe: Trade, Cities and Islam in ‘Medieval West Africa’. In: The Medieval World. Routledge; 2001:469-484.
358.
Jacoby D. Venetian commercial expansion in the eastern Mediterranean 8th-11th centuries. In: Byzantine Trade, 4th-12th Centuries: The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange : Papers of the Thirty-Eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Vol Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies publications; 14. Ashgate; 2009:371-392.
359.
Lopez RS, Raymond IW. Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents. Vol Records of civilization, sources and studies. W.W. Norton; 1967. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06015
360.
Mango MM, Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies. Byzantine Trade, 4th-12th Centuries: The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange : Papers of the Thirty-Eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Vol Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies publications; 14. Ashgate; 2009.
361.
Mikkelsen E. The Vikings and Islam. In: The Viking World. Vol The Routledge worlds. Routledge; 2008:543-549. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14387402010004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
362.
Nixon S. Excavating Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali): new archaeological investigations of early Islamic trans-Saharan trade. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 2009;44(2):217-255. doi:10.1080/00671990903047595
363.
Nixon, SamRehren, ThiloGuerra, Maria Filomena. New light on the early Islamic West African gold trade: coin moulds from Tadmekka, Mali. Antiquity. 85:1353-1368. https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/917778613/2B07C69B58734165PQ/18?accountid=14511
364.
Peacock ACS. Black Sea Trade and the Islamic World down to the Mongol Period. In: The Black Sea: Past, Present and Future : Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Conference, Istanbul, 14-16 October 2004. Vol British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara monograph. British Institute at Ankara; 2007:65-72. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931063351804761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,990011598830204761&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9048004703144335437&offset=0
365.
Power T. The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate: AD 500-1000. American University in Cairo Press; 2012. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15m7h9n
366.
Risso P. Merchants and Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean. Vol New perspectives on Asian history. Westview Press; 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31178
367.
Van der Veen M, Morales J. The Roman and Islamic spice trade: New archaeological evidence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015;167:54-63. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.036
368.
Walmsley A. Production, Exchange and Regional Trade in the Islamic Near East: Old Structures, New Systems? In: The Long Eighth Century. Vol The transformation of the Roman world. Brill; 2000:264-343.
369.
David Whitehouse. Siraf: A Medieval Port on the Persian Gulf. World Archaeology. 1970;2(2):141-158. https://www.jstor.org/stable/124129?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
370.
Wickham C. The Mediterranean around 800: On the Brink of the Second Trade Cycle. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 2004;58. doi:10.2307/3591384
371.
Wordsworth P. Merv on Khorasanian trade routes from the 10th -13th centuries. In: Rante R, ed. Greater Khorasan: History, Geography, Archaeology and Material Culture. Vol Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East (SME). De Gruyter; 2015:51-62. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110331707
372.
Wordsworth P. Sustaining Travel - the economy of medieval stopping-places across the Karakum Desert Turkmenistan. In: McPhillips S, Wordsworth PD, eds. Landscapes of the Islamic World: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2016:219-236. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c8ed055f-00d1-e711-80cd-005056af4099
373.
Flood FB. Between Cult and Culture: Bamiyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum. The Art Bulletin. 2002;84(4). doi:10.2307/3177288
374.
Fowden G. Late-antique art in Syria and its Umayyad evolutions. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2004;17:282-304. doi:10.1017/S1047759400008254
375.
JULIA GONNELLA. COLUMNS AND HIEROGLYPHS: MAGIC ‘SPOLIA’ IN MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE OF NORTHERN SYRIA. Muqarnas. 2010;27:103-120. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25769694?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
376.
Isakhan B, González Zarandona JA. Layers of religious and political iconoclasm under the Islamic State: symbolic sectarianism and pre-monotheistic iconoclasm. International Journal of Heritage Studies. Published online 11 May 2017:1-16. doi:10.1080/13527258.2017.1325769
377.
BBC Radio 4 - Simon Schama: The Obliterators. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b071s6nr
378.
Ali N. The royal veil: early Islamic figural art and the                              reconsidered. Religion. 2017;47(3):425-444. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2017.1319992
379.
Bowersock GW. Iconoclasms,. In: Mosaics as History: The Near East from Late Antiquity to Islam. Vol Revealing antiquity. the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2006:91-112.
380.
Fowden G. Quṣayr ʻAmra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria. Vol The transformation of the classical heritage. University of California Press; 2004.
381.
Flood FB. Image against Nature. The Medieval History Journal. 2006;9(1):143-166. doi:10.1177/097194580500900108
382.
Sahner CC. The First Iconoclasm in Islam: A New History of the Edict of Yazīd II (AH 104/AD 723). Der Islam. 2017;94(1). doi:10.1515/islam-2017-0002
383.
Elias JJ. Aisha’s Cushion: Religious Art, Perception, and Practice in Islam. Harvard University Press; 2012.
384.
Jaś Elsner. Iconoclasm as Discourse: From Antiquity to Byzantium. The Art Bulletin. 2012;94(3):368-394. http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/23268277?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
385.
Grabar O. The Formation of Islamic Art. Revised and enlarged edition. Yale University Press; 1987. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931935316404761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,The%20formation%20of%20Islamic%20art&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9033506427898697600&offset=0
386.
University of Oxford. Faculty of Oriental Studies. Walid and His Friends: An Umayyad Tragedy. Vol Oxford studies in Islamic art. Oxford University Press on behalf of the Faculty of Oriental Studies; 1988.
387.
King GRD. Islam, iconoclasm, and the declaration of doctrine. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1985;48(02). doi:10.1017/S0041977X00033346
388.
Anderson B. "An alternative discourse”: Local interpreters of antiquities in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2015;40(4):450-460. doi:10.1179/2042458215Y.0000000017
389.
Berlekamp P. Wonder, Image, and Cosmos in Medieval Islam. Yale University Press; 2011. https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00270
390.
Cook M. Pharaonic History in Medieval Egypt. Studia Islamica. 1983;(57). doi:10.2307/1595483
391.
Daly OE. Egyptology: The Missing Millennium ; Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings. UCL Press; 2005.
392.
Flood FB. Appropriation as Inscription: Making History in the First Friday Mosque of Delhi. In: Reuse Value: Spolia and Appropriation in Art and Architecture from Constantine to Sherrie Levine. Ashgate; 2011:121-147. https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14687290910004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true
393.
Johnson SC. ‘Return to Origin Is Non-Existence’: Al-Mada’in and Perceptions of Ruins in Abbasid Iraq. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017;6(2):257-283. doi:10.1386/ijia.6.2.257_1
394.
Mulder S. Imagining Localities of Antiquity in Islamic Societies. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017;6(2):229-254. doi:10.1386/ijia.6.2.229_2
395.
Noyes J. The Politics of Iconoclasm: Religion, Violence and the Culture of Image-Breaking in Christianity and Islam. Vol Library of modern religion. I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd; 2013.
396.
Shalem A. Islam Christianized: Islamic Portable Objects in the Medieval Church Treasuries of the Latin West. Vol Ars faciendi. 2nd rev. ed. Peter Lang; 1999.
397.
Flood FB, Elsner J. Idol Breaking as Image Making in the Islamic State. Religion and Society. 2016;7(1). doi:10.3167/arrs.2016.070108
398.
Melčák M, Beránek O. ISIS’s Destruction of Mosul’s Historical Monuments: Between Media Spectacle and Religious Doctrine. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017;6(2):389-415. doi:10.1386/ijia.6.2.389_1
399.
Casana j. Satellite Imagery-Based Analysis of Archaeological Looting in Syria. In: Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader. Eisenbrauns; 2003:142-152.
400.
Elias JL. The Taliban, Baniyan, and Revisonist Iconoclam. In: Striking Images, Iconoclasms Past and Present. Ashgate Publishing; 2013.
401.
Gamboni D. The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism since the French Revolution. Vol Picturing history. Reaktion Books; 1997.
402.
Gaifman M. Aniconism: definitions, examples and comparative perspectives. Religion. 2017;47(3):335-352. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2017.1342987
403.
Harmanşah, Ömür1. ISIS, HERITAGE, AND THE SPECTACLES OF DESTRUCTION IN THE GLOBAL MEDIA. Near Eastern Archaeology. 2015;78(3):170-177. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=109515255&site=ehost-live&scope=site
404.
Meskell L. Sites of Violence: Terrorism, Tourism, and Heritage in the Archaeological Present. In: Embedding Ethics. Vol Wenner-Gren international symposium series. Berg; 2005:123-146.
405.
Walasek H. Bosnia and the Destruction of Cultural Heritage. Vol Heritage, culture and identity. Ashgate; 2015. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315569789
406.
Isakhan B. The Iraq legacies and the roots of the ‘Islamic State’. In: Isakhan B, ed. The Legacy of Iraq: From the 2003 War to the ‘Islamic State’. Edinburgh University Press; 2015:223-235. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt16r0j1w
407.
Joy C. ‘UNESCO is what?’ World Heritage, Militant Islam and the search for a common humanity in Mali. In: Brumann C, Berliner D, eds. World Heritage on the Ground: Ethnographic Perspectives. Vol EASA series. Berghahn Books; 2016:60-77. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6b049a4b-ffd0-e711-80cd-005056af4099
408.
Al Quntar S, Daniels BI. Responses to the Destruction of Syrian Cultural Heritage: A Critical Review of Current Efforts. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016;5(2):381-397. doi:10.1386/ijia.5.2.381_1
409.
Watenpaugh HZ. Cultural Heritage and the Arab Spring: War over Culture, Culture of War and Culture War. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016;5(2):245-263. doi:10.1386/ijia.5.2.245_2
410.
Bauer AA. Editorial: The Destruction of Heritage in Syria and Iraq and Its Implications. International Journal of Cultural Property. 2015;22(01):1-6. doi:10.1017/S0940739115000090
411.
Brosché J, Legnér M, Kreutz J, Ijla A. Heritage under attack: motives for targeting cultural property during armed conflict. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2017;23(3):248-260. doi:10.1080/13527258.2016.1261918
412.
Cunliffe E, Muhesen N, Lostal M. The Destruction of Cultural Property in the Syrian Conflict: Legal Implications and Obligations. International Journal of Cultural Property. 2016;23(01):1-31. doi:10.1017/S0940739116000011
413.
De Cesari C. POST-COLONIAL RUINS: Anthropology Today. 2015;31(6):22-26. doi:10.1111/1467-8322.12214
414.
Gerstenblith P. The destruction of cultural heritage: A crime against property or a crime against people? The John Marshall Review of Intelluctual Property Law. 2013;15(3):337-393. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/uk/legal/search/homesubmitForm.do
415.
Isakhan B. Heritage destruction and spikes in violence: the case of Iraq. In: Kila J, Zeidler JA, eds. Cultural Heritage in the Crosshairs: Protecting Cultural Property during Conflict. Vol Heritage and identity. Brill; 2013:219-247. https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900
416.
Isakhan B. Creating the Iraq cultural property destruction database: Calculating a heritage destruction index. In: Kila J, Zeidler JA, eds. Cultural Heritage in the Crosshairs: Protecting Cultural Property during Conflict. Vol Heritage and identity. Brill; 2013:1-21. https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900
417.
Whose Hajj is it anyway? http://www.ihrc.org.uk/publications/briefings/11763-whose-hajj-is-it-anyway
418.
Joy C. The Politics of Heritage Management in Mali: From UNESCO to Djenné. Vol Publications of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Left Coast Press; 2012.
419.
Plets Gertjan. Violins and trowels for Palmyra: Post‐conflict heritage politics. Anthropology Today. 2017;33(4):18-22. doi:10.1111/1467-8322.12362
420.
Kila J, Zeidler JA, eds. Cultural Heritage in the Crosshairs: Protecting Cultural Property during Conflict. Vol Heritage and identity. Brill; 2013. https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900
421.
Kornegay, K. D. Destroying the Shrines of Unbelievers: The Challenge of Iconoclasm to the International Framework for the Protection of Cultural Property. Military Law Review. 2014;(221):153-182. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/milrv221&id=159
422.
Rim Lababidi. Did They Really Forget How to Do It?: Iraq, Syria, and the International Response to Protect a Shared Heritage. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies. 2016;4(4):341-362. https://muse-jhu-edu.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/article/637045
423.
Lamprakos M. Building a World Heritage City: Sana’a, Yemen. Vol Heritage, culture and identity. Routledge; 2017.
424.
Lostal M. International Cultural Heritage Law in Armed Conflict: Case Studies of Syria, Libya, Mali, the Invasion of Iraq, and the Buddhas of Bamiyan. Cambridge University Press; 2017. doi:10.1017/9781316718414
425.
Nassar, Ahmad E. The International Criminal Court and the Applicability of International Jurisdiction under Islamic Law. Chicago Journal of International Law. 4:587-596. https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/237209883/20C2D17849B24924PQ/19?accountid=14511
426.
Pollock S. Archaeology and Contemporary Warfare. Annual Review of Anthropology. 2016;45(1):215-231. doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-095913
427.
Smith C, Burke H, de Leiuen C, Jackson G. The Islamic State’s symbolic war: Da’esh’s socially mediated terrorism as a threat to cultural heritage. Journal of Social Archaeology. 2016;16(2):164-188. doi:10.1177/1469605315617048
428.
Veintimilla, D. Islamic Law and War Crimes Trials: The Possibility and Challenges of a War Crimes Tribunal against the Assad Regime and ISIL. Cornell International Law Journal. 2016;49(2). http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/cintl49&id=1
429.
Walasek H. Bosnia and the Destruction of Cultural Heritage. Vol Heritage, culture and identity. Ashgate; 2015. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315569789
430.
De Cesari C. Ottonostalgias and Urban Apartheid. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016;5(2):339-357. doi:10.1386/ijia.5.2.339_1
431.
Lafrenz Samuels K. Trajectories of Development: International Heritage Management of Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa. Archaeologies. 2009;5(1):68-91. doi:10.1007/s11759-008-9092-6
432.
Sidi AO. Maintaining Timbuktu’s unique tangible and intangible heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2012;18(3):324-331. doi:10.1080/13527258.2012.651744
433.
Starzmann MT. Archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East: Academic agendas, labour politics and neo-colonialism. In: European Archaeology Abroad: Global Settings, Comparative Perspectives. Sidestone Press; 2012:401-414. https://www.sidestone.com/books/european-archaeology-abroad
434.
Rabbat N. Heritage as a Right: Heritage and the Arab Spring. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016;5(2):267-278. doi:10.1386/ijia.5.2.267_1
435.
Rico T, ed. The Making of Islamic Heritage: Muslim Pasts and Heritage Presents. Vol Heritage studies in the Muslim world. Palgrave Macmillan; 2017. https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/52616
436.
Bernbeck R. Heritage Politics: Learning from Mullah Omar? In: Controlling the Past, Owning the Future: The Political Uses of Archaeology in the Middle East. University of Arizona Press; 2010:27-54. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1jf2cjh
437.
Bernbeck R. The political economy of archaeological practice and the production of heritage in the Middle East. In: A Companion to Social Archaeology. Vol Social archaeology. Blackwell; 2004:334-352. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470693605
438.
Meskell L. Archaeology under Fire: Nationalism, Politics and Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Routledge; 1998.
439.
Shaw WMK. In Situ: The Contraindications of World Heritage. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017;6(2):339-365. doi:10.1386/ijia.6.2.339_1
440.
Starzmann MT. Archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East: Academic agendas, labour politics and neo-colonialism. In: European Archaeology Abroad: Global Settings, Comparative Perspectives. Sidestone Press; 2012:401-414. https://www.sidestone.com/books/european-archaeology-abroad
441.
Islamic Art - The David Collection. https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic
442.
Ashmolean − Eastern Art Online, Yousef Jameel Centre for Islamic and Asian Art. http://jameelcentre.ashmolean.org/
443.
V&A · Islamic Middle East. https://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/islamic-middle-east
444.
Collections: Arts of the Islamic World | Freer and Sackler Galleries. https://archive.asia.si.edu/collections/islamic.asp
445.
Islamic Art | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/curatorial-departments/islamic-art
446.
Islamic Art | Keyword | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/keywords/islamic-art/
447.
Qantara. http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/index.php?lang=en
448.
Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum. http://www.discoverislamicart.org/
449.
Islamic Arts and Architecture | Islamic Arts and Architecture. http://islamic-arts.org/
450.
Encyclopædia Iranica | Home. http://www.iranicaonline.org/