Bibliography for ARCLG354: Islamic Archaeology

1.
Hillenbrand R. Islamic art and architecture. Vol. World of art. London: Thames and Hudson; 1999.

2.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Vol. Social archaeology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

3.
Irwin R. Islamic art in context: art, architecture, and the literary world. Vol. Perspectives. New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997.

4.
Kennedy H. The prophet and the age of the caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century [Internet]. 2nd ed. Harlow: Pearson Longman; 2004. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931225550004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

5.
Milwright M. An introduction to Islamic archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2010. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931109190004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

6.
Robinson CF, editor. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries [Internet]. Vol. The New Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238

7.
Ruggles DF, editor. Islamic art and visual culture: an anthology of sources. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

8.
Walmsley A. Early Islamic Syria: an archaeological assessment [Internet]. London: Duckworth; 2007. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931027770004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

9.
Ettinghausen R, Grabar O, Jenkins M. The art and architecture of Islam 650-1250. 2nd ed. Vol. Yale University Press Pelican history of art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2001.

10.
Bennison AK. The great caliphs: the golden age of the ’Abbasid Empire [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2009. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931062788204761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,The%20great%20caliphs:%20the%20golden%20age%20of%20the%20%27Abbasid%20Empire&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9009879645147047484&offset=0

11.
Cook M. The Koran: a very short introduction [Internet]. Vol. Very short introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001

12.
Donner FM. Muhammad and the believers: at the origins of Islam. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2012.

13.
Kennedy H. The caliphate: a Pelican introduction. UK: Pelican; 2016.

14.
Kennedy H. The great Arab conquests: how the spread of Islam changed the world we live in. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson; 2007.

15.
Silverstein AJ. Islamic history: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199545728.001.0001

16.
Gibb HAR, Bearman PJ. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New edition. Leiden: Brill; 1960.

17.
Kennedy H. An historical atlas of Islam [Internet]. 2nd, rev. ed. = Nouv. éd ed. Leiden: Brill; 2002. Available from: http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/historical-atlas-of-islam

18.
Petersen A. Dictionary of Islamic architecture. London: Routledge; 1996.

19.
Insoll T. Introduction. In: The archaeology of Islam [Internet]. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999. p. 1–25. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=571a6460-9a33-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

20.
Milwright M. Introductions. In: An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2022. p. 1–23. Available from: https://www-degruyter-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/document/doi/10.1515/9780748629954-005/html

21.
Ahmed S. What is Islam?: the importance of being Islamic [Internet]. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2016. Available from: https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/0c483k875

22.
Hodgson M. The venture of Islam [Internet]. University of Chicago Press; 1977. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00894

23.
Lewis B. The world of Islam: faith, people, culture. London: Thames and Hudson; 1976.

24.
Marranci G. The anthropology of Islam [Internet]. Oxford: Berg; 2008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474215626

25.
Moreland J. Archaeology and text. Vol. Duckworth debates in archaeology. London: Duckworth; 2001.

26.
Petersen A. What is Islamic Archaeology. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):100–6.

27.
Bennison AK. The great caliphs: the golden age of the ’Abbasid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris; 2009.

28.
Cook M. The Koran: a very short introduction [Internet]. Vol. Very short introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001

29.
Donner FM. Muhammad and the believers: at the origins of Islam. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2012.

30.
Kennedy H. The caliphate: a Pelican introduction. UK: Pelican; 2016.

31.
Kennedy H. The great Arab conquests: how the spread of Islam changed the world we live in. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson; 2007.

32.
Ruthven M. Islam: a very short introduction. Vol. Very short introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.

33.
Silverstein AJ. Islamic history: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199545728.001.0001

34.
Stephen Vernoit. THE RISE OF ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1997;14(1):1–10. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000366

35.
Donald Malcolm Reid. Cultural Imperialism and Nationalism: The Struggle to Define and Control the Heritage of Arab Art in Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies [Internet]. 1992;24(1):57–76. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/163762?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

36.
Díaz-Andreu M, Champion T. Islamic archaeology and the origin of the Spanish nation. In: Díaz-Andreu García M, Champion TC, editors. Nationalism and archaeology in Europe [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2015. p. 68–89. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14763765330004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

37.
Champion TC, Díaz-Andreu García M. Nationalism and archaeology in Europe. London: UCL Pres; 1996.

38.
Blair SS, Bloom JM. The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field. The Art Bulletin. 2003 Mar;85(1).

39.
Said EW. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1978.

40.
Canby S. The curator’s dilemma: dispelling the mystery of exotic collections. Museum International. 1999 Jul;51(3):11–5.

41.
Crill R, Stanley T, Victoria and Albert Museum. The making of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art: at the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications; 2006.

42.
Anderson B. "An alternative discourse”: Local interpreters of antiquities in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2015 Aug;40(4):450–60.

43.
Bahrani Z, Çelik Z, Eldem E, SALT (Organization). Scramble for the past: a story of archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753-1914. Istanbul: SALT; 2011.

44.
Brooks A, Young R. Historical Archaeology and Heritage in the Middle East: A Preliminary Overview. Historical Archaeology. 2016 Dec;50(4):22–35.

45.
Çelik Z. About antiquities: politics of archaeology in the Ottoman Empire [Internet]. First edition. Austin: University of Texas Press; 2016. Available from: https://hdl-handle-net.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/2027/heb33993.0001.001

46.
Ettinghausen R. Islamic Art and Archaeologv. In: Cuyler Young T, editor. Near Eastern Culture and Society. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1951.

47.
Exell K, Rico T. ‘There is no heritage in Qatar’: Orientalism, colonialism and other problematic histories. World Archaeology. 2013 Oct;45(4):670–85.

48.
Goode JF. Negotiating for the past: archaeology, nationalism, and diplomacy in the Middle East, 1919-1941 [Internet]. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press; 2007. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931982253204761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,Negotiating%20for%20the%20past:%20archaeology,%20nationalism,%20and%20diplomacy%20in%20the%20Middle%20East,%201919-1941&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9010091050791534175&offset=0

49.
Graber O. Islamic Art and Archaeology. In: The Study of the Middle East: research and scholarship in the humanities and the social sciences : a project of the Research and Training Committee of the Middle East Studies Association. New York: Wiley; 1976. p. 229–63.

50.
Northedge A. Archaeology and Islam. In: Companion encyclopedia of archaeology [Internet]. London: Routledge; 1999. p. 1077–107. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c5cd076b-683b-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

51.
Northedge A. Ernst Herzfeld, Samarra and Islamic Archaeology. In: Ernst Herzfeld and the development of Near Eastern Studies, 1900-1950. Leiden: Brill; 2005. p. 383–403.

52.
Petersen, Andrew. Politics and narratives: Islamic archaeology in Israel. Antiquity [Internet]. 79(306):858–64. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/217562860?accountid=14511

53.
Rogers JM. From antiquarianism to Islamic archaeology. Vol. Quaderni dell’Istituto italiano di cultura per la R.A.E. Nuova serie. Cairo: Istituto italiano di cultura per la R.A.E.; 1974.

54.
Roxburgh, David J. Au bonheur des Amateurs: collecting and exhibiting Islamic art, ca. 1880-1910. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2000;30:9–38. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852813&site=ehost-live&scope=site

55.
D. FAIRCHILD RUGGLES. HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE REDISCOVERY OF MADĪNAT AL-ZAHRĀ’. Islamic Studies [Internet]. 1991;30(1):129–40. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20840030?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

56.
Walmsley A. Archaeology and Islamic Studies: The development of a relationship. In: From handaxe to Khan: essays presented to Peder Mortensen on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus, Oakville, CT: Aarhus University Press; 2004. p. 317–29.

57.
Anderson GD. Integrating the Medieval Iberian Peninsula and North Africa in Islamic Architectural History. The Journal of North African Studies. 2014 Jan;19(1):83–92.

58.
Behrens-Abouseif D, Vernoit S, editors. Islamic art in the 19th century: tradition, innovation, and eclecticism. [Paperback reprint edition]. Leiden: Brill; 2015.

59.
From Prophet to Postmodernism? New World Orders and the End of Islamic Art. Journal of Art Historiography [Internet]. 2012;(6):31–53. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=76385007&site=ehost-live&scope=site

60.
Hillenbrand R. Creswell and Contemporary Central European Scholarship. Muqarnas. 1991;8.

61.
Hillenbrand R. Studying Islamic Architecture: Challenges and Perspectives. Architectural History. 2003;46.

62.
Necipoglu G. The Concept of Islamic Art: Inherited Discourses and New Approaches. In: Islamic art and the museum: approaches to art and archeology of the Muslim world in the twenty-first century [Internet]. London: Saqi; 2012. p. 57–75. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6f276a12-6738-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

63.
Graves MS, Junod B, Friedli G, Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Architecture in Islamic arts: treasures of the Aga Khan Museum. Geneva, Switzerland: Aga Khan Trust for Culture; 2011.

64.
Said EW. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1978.

65.
Canby, Sheila1. The curator’s dilemma: dispelling the mystery of exotic collections. Museum International [Internet]. 51(3):11–5. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=11676396&site=ehost-live&scope=site

66.
Heath I. The representation of Islam in British museums [Internet]. Vol. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2007. Available from: https://www-fulcrum-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/concern/monographs/t435gf68v

67.
Jemkins-Madina, Marilyn. Collecting the "orient” at the Met: early tastemakers in America. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2000;30:69–89. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852810&site=ehost-live&scope=site

68.
Junod B. Islamic art and the museum: approaches to art and archeology of the Muslim world in the twenty-first century. London: Saqi; 2012.

69.
Komaroff, Linda. Exhibiting the Middle East: collections and perceptions of Islamic art. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2000;30:1–8. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852794&site=ehost-live&scope=site

70.
Leturcq J. The Museum of Arab Art in Cairo (1869-2014): A Disoriented Heritage. In: Pouillon F, Vatin JC, editors. After orientalism: critical perspectives on western agency and eastern re-appropriations [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2015. p. 145–61. Available from: https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/26809

71.
Milwright M. An Arabic Description of the Activities of Antique Dealers in Late Ottoman Damascus. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2011 Mar;143(1):8–18.

72.
Neumeier E. Spoils for the New Pyrrhus: Alternative Claims to Antiquity in Ottoman Greece. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):311–37.

73.
Rosser-Owen M. ‘Collecting the Alhambra’: Owen Jones and Islamic Spain at the South Kensington Museum. In: Owen Jones y la Alhambra. Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife; 2011. p. 159–68.

74.
Wendy M. K. Shaw. Islamic Arts in the Ottoman Imperial Museum, 1889-1923. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2000;30:55–68. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4434262?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

75.
Regarding the exhibition: the Munich exhibition Masterpieces of Muhammadan Art (1910) and its scholarly position. Journal of Art Historiography; [Internet]. 2012;(6):1–34. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=76385024&site=ehost-live&scope=site

76.
Vernoit S. Islamic Art and Architecture: An Overview of Scholarship and Collecting, c. 1850-c 1950. In: Discovering Islamic art: scholars, collectors and collections, 1850-1950 [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2000. p. 1–61. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5fed1b33-6438-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

77.
Les fouilles de Paykend: nouveaux elements. Cahiers d’Asie centrale [Internet]. (21/22):237–58. Available from: http://asiecentrale.revues.org/1841

78.
La Kalaa des Beni-Hammad : une capitale berbère de l’Afrique du nord au XIe siècle / Général L. de Beylié [Internet]. E. Leroux (Paris); 1909. Available from: http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6546822q

79.
Erster vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen von Samarra :: AMAR Archive of Mesopotamian Archaeological Reports [Internet]. Available from: http://digital.library.stonybrook.edu/cdm/ref/collection/amar/id/157367

80.
Herzfeld E, Mallowan MEL. Die vorgeschichtlichen Töpfereien von Samarra: mit 240 Textbildern und 47 Tafeln, darunter 6 in Farbendruck. Vol. Forschungen zur islamischen Kunst. Berlin: D. Reimer; 1930.

81.
SOAS, University of London holdings information for ‘Die Malereien von Samarra : mit 83 Textbildern und 88 Ta...’ | Copac [Internet]. Available from: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=ausgrabungen%20von%20samarra&iids=107610019%20&show-library=SOAS%2C%20University%20of%20London&rn=8

82.
Friedrich Paul Theodor Sarre, 1865-1945 Ernst Herzfeld, 1879-1948; Hans Arnold, 1850-1927; Technische Hochschule Berlin. Die Keramik von Samarra / Friedrich Sarre / unter Mitwirkung von Ernst Herzfeld, mit Beiträgen vom Materialprüfungsamt der Technischen Hochschule, Berlin, und von Dr. Hans Arnold [Internet]. Available from: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS000317226&indx=7&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS000317226&recIdxs=6&elementId=6&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL_LMS_DS%29&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=UCL_VU1&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=samarra&dstmp=1509712145812

83.
Velázquez Bosco R. Arte del Califato de Cordoba: Medina Azzahra y Alamiriya, texto, planos, y dibujos del mismo [Internet]. Madrid: Jose Blass; 1912. Available from: https://archive.org/details/artedelcalifatod00vel

84.
Saladin H, Migeon G. Manuel d’art musulman. Paris: A. Picard; 1907.

85.
Sarre F. Archaologische Reise im Euphrat- und Tigris-Begiet : Sarre, Friedrich Paul Theodor, 1865-1945 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive [Internet]. Berlin: D. Reimer; 1911. Available from: https://archive.org/details/archaologischere03sarr

86.
Viollet H. Fouilles à Samara en Mésopotamie. Un palais musulman du IXe siècle. Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres de l’Institut de France Première série, Sujets divers d’érudition. 1913;12(2):685–718.

87.
Lamm CJ. Das Glas von Samarra. Vol. Forschungen zur islamischen Kunst. Berlin: D. Reimer; 1928.

88.
Herzfeld E. Geschichte der Stadt Samarra. Vol. Forschungen zur islamischen Kunst. Hamburg: Eckardt & Messtorff; 1948.

89.
Aly Bahgat bey, Gabriel A. Fouilles d’al Foustât : publiées les auspices du Comité de conservation des monuments de l’art arabe [Internet]. Paris: E. de Boccard; 1921. Available from: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=fouilles%20d%27al%20foustat&iids=63482059%20&show-library=V%26A%20Libraries&rn=1

90.
Wilkinson CK, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Nishapur: some early Islamic buildings and their decoration. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; 1987.

91.
Irwin R. Dangerous knowledge: orientalism and its discontents. [1st paperback ed.]. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press; 2008.

92.
Irwin R. For lust of knowing: the Orientalists and their enemies. London: Allen Lane; 2006.

93.
MacKenzie JM. Orientalism: history, theory and the arts. Manchester: Manchester UP; 1995.

94.
Makdisi U. Ottoman Orientalism. The American Historical Review. 2002 Jun;107(3):768–96.

95.
Schacht J, Bosworth CE. The legacy of Islam. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1979.

96.
Varisco DM. Islam obscured: the rhetoric of anthropological representation [Internet]. Vol. Contemporary anthropology of religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2005. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781403973429

97.
Varisco DM. Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington Press; 2011. Available from: https://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=15430819710004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

98.
Donner F. Visions of the Early Islamic Expansion: Between the Heroic and the Horrific. In: El-Cheikh NM, O’Sullivan S, editors. Byzantium in early Islamic Syria: proceedings of a conference organized by the American University of Beirut and the University of Balamand, June 18-19, 2007. Beirut, Lebanon: American University of Beirut; 2011. p. 9–30.

99.
Walmsley A. Production, Exchange and Regional Trade in the Islamic Near East: Old Structures, New Systems? In: The long eighth century. Leiden: Brill; 2000. p. 264–343.

100.
Fenwick C. From Africa to Ifrīqiya: Settlement and Society in Early Medieval North Africa (650–800). Al-Masaq. 2013 Apr;25(1):9–33.

101.
Robinson C. The First Islamic Empire. In: The Roman Empire in context: historical and comparative perspectives [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 229–48. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14428531010004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

102.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part One - Origins [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj4

103.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part Two - After Muhammad [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj5

104.
Cameron A, Cameron A. The Mediterranean world in late antiquity, 395-700 AD. Second edition. Vol. Routledge history of the ancient world. London: Routledge; 2012.

105.
Donner FM. The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE). In: The Arabs and Arabia on the eve of Islam. Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum; 1999. p. 21–33.

106.
Little LK, editor. Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750 [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812934

107.
Mousavi A. The Sasanian Empire: An Archaeological Survey,c.220-AD60. In: A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 1076–94. Available from: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/book/10.1002/9781444360790

108.
Robinson CF. The Rise of Islam, 600-705. In: The new Cambridge history of Islam: Volume 1: The formation of the Islamic world, sixth to eleventh centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 173–225. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14488947860004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

109.
Bowersock GW. Roman Arabia. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1983.

110.
Donner FM. The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE). In: The Arabs and Arabia on the eve of Islam. Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum; 1999. p. 21–33.

111.
Fisher G. Between empires: Arabs, Romans, and Sasanians in late antiquity. Vol. Oxford classical monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011.

112.
Fisher G, editor. Arabs and empires before Islam [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654529.001.0001

113.
Fowden G. Empire to commonwealth: consequences of monotheism in late antiquity. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1993.

114.
Hoyland RG. Arabia and the Arabs: from the Bronze Age to the coming of Islam. London: Routledge; 2001.

115.
Kennet D. On the eve of Islam: archaeological evidence from Eastern Arabia. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):107–18.

116.
Lecker M. Pre-Islamic Arabia. In: The new Cambridge history of Islam: Volume 1: The formation of the Islamic world, sixth to eleventh centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 153–72. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14488947860004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

117.
SOAS, University of London holdings information for ‘Entre memoire et pouvoir : l’espace syrien sous les dern...’ | Copac [Internet]. Available from: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=entre%20memoire%20et%20pouvoir&iids=107777719%20&show-library=SOAS%2C%20University%20of%20London&rn=3

118.
Borrut A. Vanishing Syria: Periodization and Power in Early Islam. Der Islam. 2014 Jan 1;91(1).

119.
Donner FM. Modern approaches to early Islamic history. In: Robinson CF, editor. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 625–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238

120.
Ruggles DF, editor. Islamic art and visual culture: an anthology of sources. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

121.
Heidemann S. Numismatics. In: Robinson CF, editor. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 648–63. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238

122.
Hoyland RG. Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam. Vol. Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Princeton, N.J: Darwin Press; 1997.

123.
Howard-Johnston J. Witnesses to a world crisis: historians and histories of the Middle East in the seventh century [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208593.001.0001

124.
Humphreys RS. Islamic history: a framework for inquiry. Rev. ed. London: I. B. Tauris; 1991.

125.
Sijpesteijn PM. Arabic Papyri and Islamic Egypt. In: The Oxford handbook of papyrology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 452–72.

126.
Moreland J. Archaeology and text. Vol. Duckworth debates in archaeology. London: Duckworth; 2001.

127.
Watson O. Ceramics from Islamic lands. London: Thames & Hudson; 2004.

128.
Hodges R. The Abbasid Caliphate. In: Mohammed, Charlemagne & the origins of Europe: archaeology and the Pirenne thesis. London: Duckworth; 1983. p. 123–57.

129.
Bulliet RW. Islam: the view from the edge. New York: Columbia University Press; 1994.

130.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Vol. Social archaeology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

131.
Johns J. The House of the Prophet and the Concept of the Mosque. In: Johns J, editor. Bayt al-Maqdis: Jerusalem and early Islam. Oxford: Published by Oxford University Press for the Board of Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford; 1999. p. 59–112.

132.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa. Vol. Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

133.
Ruthven M. Islam: a very short introduction. Vol. Very short introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.

134.
BBC Radio 4 - Sunni-Shia: Islam Divided [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07wr3kx

135.
BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, Sunni and Shia Islam - Broadcasts [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00l5mhl/broadcasts

136.
Carvajal JC, Day PM. Cooking Pots and Islamicization in the Early Medieval Vega of Granada (Al-Andalus, Sixth to Twelfth Centuries). Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 2013 Nov;32(4):433–51.

137.
Fentress, E. The House of the Prophet: North African Islamic housing. Archeologia Medievale [Internet]. 14. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1298016577/ABC18DCF39894D7FPQ/6?accountid=14511

138.
MATTIA GUIDETTI. The Byzantine Heritage in the Dar al Islam: CHURCHES AND MOSQUES IN AL-RUHA BETWEEN THE SIXTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES. Muqarnas [Internet]. 2009;26:1–36. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27811133?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

139.
Horton MC. Islam, Archaeology and Swahili Identity. In: Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004. p. 67–8.

140.
Insoll T. Syncretism, Time and Identity: Islamic Archaeology in West Africa. In: Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004. p. 89–101.

141.
Edited by Liv Nilsson Stutz and Sarah Tarlow. Beautiful Things and Bones of Desire. In: The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial [Internet]. Available from: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199569069.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199569069-e-1

142.
Gideon Avni. From Standing Stones to Open Mosques in the Negev Desert: The Archaeology of Religious Transformation on the Fringes. Near Eastern Archaeology [Internet]. 2007;70(3):124–38. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20361319?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

143.
Carvajal JC. Islamicization or Islamicizations? Expansion of Islam and social practice in the Vega of Granada (south-east Spain). World Archaeology. 2013 Feb 15;45(1):109–23.

144.
Cook M. The Koran: a very short introduction [Internet]. Vol. Very short introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001

145.
Grabar O, Audeh A, Nuseibeh S, Al-Asad M. The shape of the holy: early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1996.

146.
Karev Y. Samarqand in the 8th century: the evidence of transformation. In: Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004. p. 51–66.

147.
Whitcomb DS. Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Vol. Oriental Institute seminars. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004.

148.
Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson. Early Islam as a Late Antique Religion. In: The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity [Internet]. Available from: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336931.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195336931-e-32

149.
Flood FB. The Great Mosque of Damascus: studies on the makings of an Ummayad visual culture. Vol. Islamic history and civilization. Studies and texts. Leiden: Brill; 2001.

150.
Thomas Leisten. BETWEEN ORTHODOXY AND EXEGESIS: SOME ASPECTS OF ATTITUDES IN THE SHARIʿA TOWARD FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1989;7(1):12–22. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000245

151.
Peacock ACS, De Nicola B, Yildiz SN, editors. Islam and Christianity in medieval Anatolia. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Company; 2015.

152.
Petersen A, Council for British Research in the Levant. The medieval and Ottoman Hajj route in Jordan: an archaeological and historical study [Internet]. Vol. Levant supplementary series. Oxford: Oxbow Books; 2012. Available from: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/116030

153.
Peacock ACS, editor. Islamisation: comparative perspectives from history [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2017. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g09v0p

154.
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar. Conversion in late antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond : papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar, University of Oxford, 2009-2010 [Internet]. Papaconstantinou A, McLynn NB, Schwartz DL, editors. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate; 2015. Available from: http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=2110649

155.
Petersen AD. The Archaeology of Muslim Pilgrimage and Shrines in Palestine. In: Case studies in archaeology and world religion: the proceedings of the Cambridge Conference [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 1999. p. 116–27. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1520a686-83cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

156.
Porter V, British Museum. Hajj: journey to the heart of Islam. London: British Museum Press; 2012.

157.
La Vaissière É de, Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes (Paris, France). Islamisation de l’Asie Centrale: processus locaux d’acculturation du VIIe au XIe siècle. Vol. Studia Iranica. Cahier. Paris: Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes; 2008.

158.
Walmsley A, Damgaard K. The Umayyad congregational mosque of Jarash in Jordan and its relationship to early mosques. Antiquity. 2005 Jun;79(304):362–78.

159.
Asad T. The idea of an anthropology of Islam. Vol. Occasional papers series / Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University; 1986.

160.
Asad T. Genealogies of religion: discipline and reasons of power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1993.

161.
Asad T. Formations of the secular: Christianity, Islam, modernity. Vol. Cultural memory in the present. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 2003.

162.
Clifford. Geertz. Islam observed : religious development in Morocco and Indonesia / Clifford Geertz.

163.
Geertz C, Geertz H, Rosen L. Meaning and order in Moroccan society: three essays in cultural analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1978.

164.
Gellner E. Saints of the Atlas. Vol. Nature of human society series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1969.

165.
Eaton RM, American Council of Learned Societies. The Rooting of Islam in Bengal, [Internet]. Vol. 17. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02373

166.
Marranci G. Beyond the Stereotype: Challenges in Understanding Muslim Identities. In: The anthropology of Islam. Oxford: Berg; 2008. p. 89–102.

167.
Aillet C, Martinez-Gros G. Les mozarabes: christianisme, islamisation et arabisation en péninsule ibérique (IXe-XIIe siècle). Vol. Bibliothèque de la Casa de Velázquez. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez; 2010.

168.
Daryaee T, Debié M, Griffith SH, Qāḍī W, Levy-Rubin M, Stetkevych SP, et al. Christians and others in the Umayyad state. Borrut A, Donner FM, editors. Vol. Late Antique and Medieval Islamic Near East (LAMINE). Chicago, Illinois: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2016.

169.
Peeters Publishers. Cultural interchange during the umayyad era in bilad al-sham. [Place of publication not identified]: Peeters Publishers; 1994.

170.
Gharipour M, editor. Sacred Precincts [Internet]. BRILL; 2015. Available from: https://brill.com/view/title/26570

171.
Griffith SH. The church in the shadow of the mosque: Christians and Muslims in the world of Islam [Internet]. Vol. Jews, Christians, and Muslims from the ancient to the modern world. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30657

172.
Guidetti M. The contiguity between churches and mosques in early Islamic Bilād al-Shām. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 2013 Jun;76(02):229–58.

173.
Guidetti M. In the shadow of the church: the building of mosques in early medieval Syria. Vol. Arts and archaeology of the Islamic world. Leiden: Brill; 2017.

174.
Hoyland RG. Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam. Vol. Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Princeton, N.J: Darwin Press; 1997.

175.
Levy-Rubin M. Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire: From Surrender to Coexistence [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977435

176.
Jennifer Pruitt. Method in Madness: Recontextualizing the Destruction of Churches in the Fatimid Era. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 2013;30(1):119–39. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-0301p0007

177.
Schick R. The Christian communities of Palestine from Byzantine to Islamic rule: a historical and archaeological study. Vol. Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press; 1995.

178.
Wood P. Christians in the Middle East, 600-1000:Conquest, Competition and Conversion. In: Peacock ACS, De Nicola B, Yildiz SN, editors. Islam and Christianity in medieval Anatolia. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Company; 2015. p. 23–50.

179.
Jeremy Johns. Archaeology and the History of Early Islam: The First Seventy Years. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient [Internet]. 2003;46(4):411–36. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632827?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

180.
HOYLAND R. New documentary texts and the early Islamic state. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 2006 Oct;69(03).

181.
Fenwick C. Archaeology, Empire and the Conquest of North Africa. Past and present.

182.
Kennedy H. The Decline and Fall of the First Muslim Empire. Der Islam. 2004;81(1).

183.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part Three - Islam’s Golden Age [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj0

184.
BBC Radio 3 - The Essay, The Islamic Golden Age, The Establishment of the Islamic State [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03j9mcx

185.
Jere L. Bacharach. MARWANID UMAYYAD BUILDING ACTIVITIES: SPECULATIONS ON PATRONAGE. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1996;13(1):27–44. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000355

186.
Damgaard K. Access Granted: The Phenomenology of Approach in Early Islamic Palatial Architecture. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2013 Jul 1;2(2):273–305.

187.
Genequand D. Umayyad Castles: the shift from Late antique Military Architecture to early Islamic Palatial Building. In: Muslim military architecture in greater Syria: from the coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2006. p. 3–25. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14908149530004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

188.
Heidemann S. The representation of the Early Islamic empire and its religion on coin imagery. In: Fuess A, Hartung JP, editors. Court cultures in the Muslim world: seventh to nineteenth centuries. London: Taylor & Francis; 2014. p. 30–53.

189.
Eger A. Frontier or Frontiers? Interaction and Exchange in Frontier Societies. In: The Islamic-Byzantine frontier: interaction and exchange among Muslim and Christian communities [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2015. p. 277–309. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c71e1e5d-88cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

190.
Elad A. Why did ’Abd al-Malik build the Dome of the Rock? In: Bayt al-Maqdis: Abd al-Malik’s Jerusalem, Part 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992. p. 33–58.

191.
Hillenbrand R. IN EARLY ISLAMIC SYRIA: THE EVIDENCE OF LATER UMAYYAD PALACES. Art History. 1982 Mar;5(1):1–35.

192.
Nasser Rabbat. THE MEANING OF THE UMAYYAD DOME OF THE ROCK. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1988;6(1):12–21. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000230

193.
Crone P. From Arabian tribes to Islamic empire: army, state and society in the Near East, c.600-850. Vol. Variorum collected studies series. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate; 2008.

194.
Donner FM. The expansion of the early Islamic state. Vol. The formation of the classical Islamic world. Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum; 2008.

195.
Haldon JF. Money, power and politics in early Islamic Syria: a review of current debates. Farnham: Ashgate; 2010.

196.
Kennedy H. The armies of the Caliphs: military and society in the early Islamic state. Vol. Warfare and history. London: Routledge; 2001.

197.
Irwin R. Islamic art in context: art, architecture, and the literary world. Vol. Perspectives. New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997.

198.
Marsham A. Rituals of Islamic monarchy: accession and succession in the first Muslim empire [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2009. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931063274104761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,Rituals%20of%20Islamic%20monarchy:%20accession%20and%20succession%20in%20the%20first%20Muslim%20empire&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9084245728077332141&offset=0

199.
Sijpesteijn PM. New Rule over Old Sturctures: Egypt after the Muslim Conquest. In: Regime change in the ancient Near East and Egypt: from Sargon of Agade to Saddam Hussein [Internet]. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press; 2007. p. 183–200. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=18891ab9-85cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

200.
Donner FM. The early Islamic conquests [Internet]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 1981. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00877

201.
Fowden G. Late-antique art in Syria and its Umayyad evolutions. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2004;17:282–304.

202.
Fowden G. Quṣayr ʻAmra: art and the Umayyad elite in late antique Syria. Vol. The transformation of the classical heritage. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press; 2004.

203.
Flood FB. The Great Mosque of Damascus: studies on the makings of an Ummayad visual culture. Vol. Islamic history and civilization. Studies and texts. Leiden: Brill; 2001.

204.
Grabar O, Audeh A, Nuseibeh S, Al-Asad M. The shape of the holy: early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1996.

205.
Kennet D. On the eve of Islam: archaeological evidence from Eastern Arabia. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):107–18.

206.
King GRD. Settlement patterns in Islamic Jordan: the Umayyads and their use of the land. In: Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan: 4. Amman: Department of Antiquities in cooperation with: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Université Lumiere, Lyon; 1992. p. 369–75.

207.
Nuha N. N. Khoury. THE DOME OF THE ROCK, THE KAʿBA, AND GHUMDAN: ARAB MYTHSAND UMAYVAD MONUMENTS. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1992;10(1):57–66. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000295

208.
Northedge A. Archaeology and new urban settlement in early Islamic Syria and Iraq. In: The Byzantine and early Islamic Near East: (papers of the Second Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam), 2: Land use and settlement patterns. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press; 1994. p. 231–65.

209.
Robinson CF. Empire and elites after the Muslim conquest: the transformation of northern Mesopotamia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

210.
Papaconstantinou, Arietta D, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar. Conversion in late antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond : papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar, University of Oxford, 2009-2010 [Internet]. Papaconstantinou A, McLynn N, Schwartz DL, editors. London, [England]: Routledge; 2016. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2945666550004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

211.
Sijpesteijn P. Shaping a Muslim state: papyri related to a mid-eighth century Egyptian official. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Dissertation Services; 2005.

212.
WHITCOMB D. Urbanism in Arabia. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 1996 May;7(1):38–51.

213.
Hillenbrand R. The ‘Abbasids’. In: Islamic art and architecture. London: Thames and Hudson; 1999. p. 38–60.

214.
Kennedy H. The Early ‘Abbasid Caliphate’. In: The prophet and the age of the caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century [Internet]. London: Longman; 1986. p. 123–55. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=22332a64-81cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

215.
Foote RM. Frescoes and carved ivory from the Abbasid family homestead at Humeima. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 1999;12:423–8.

216.
Kennedy H. The early Abbasid Caliphate: a political history. London: Croom Helm; 1981.

217.
Lassner J. the Building of Madinat as-Salam. In: The topography of Baghdad in the early Middle Ages: text and studies. Detroit: Wayne State University Press; 1970. p. 45–59.

218.
Lassner J. The Dar al-Khalifa. In: The topography of Baghdad in the early Middle Ages: text and studies. Detroit: Wayne State University Press; 1970. p. 85–9.

219.
Northedge A. Remarks on Samarra and the archaeology of large cities. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):119–29.

220.
Northedge A, Fondation Max van Berchem, British School of Archaeology in Iraq. The historical topography of Samarra. Vol. Samarra studies. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq (BSAI); 2005.

221.
Northedge, Alastair. An interpretation of the Palace of the Caliph at Samarra (Dar al-Khilafa or Jawsaq al-Khaqani). Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 1993;23:143–70. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505651456&site=ehost-live&scope=site

222.
Whitcomb D. Hesban, Amman and Abbasid Archaeology in Jordan. In: The archaeology of Jordan and beyond: essays in honor of James A Sauer. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2000. p. 505–15.

223.
Whitcomb D. Reassessing the Archaeology of Jordan of the Abbasid Period. Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan: 4. 1992;385–90.

224.
Walmsley A. Fihl (Pella) and the Cities of North Jordan during the Umayyad and Abbasid Periods. In: Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan: 4. Amman: Department of Antiquities in cooperation with: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Université Lumiere, Lyon; 1992. p. 377–84.

225.
Boas AJ. Crusader archaeology: the material culture of the Latin East [Internet]. London: Routledge; 1999. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780203984666

226.
Bonner M. The naming of the frontier: ՙAwāim, Thughūr, and the Arab geographers. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1994 Feb;57(01).

227.
Bosworth CE. THE CITY OF TARSUS AND THE ARAB-BYZANTINE FRONTIERS IN EARLY AND MIDDLE ʿABBĀSID TIMES. Oriens. 1992 Jan 1;33(1):268–86.

228.
Brauer RW. Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1995;85(6).

229.
Michael Decker. Frontier Settlement and Economy in the Byzantine East. Dumbarton Oaks Papers [Internet]. 2007;61:217–67. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472050?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

230.
Eger AA. The Islamic-Byzantine frontier: interaction and exchange among Muslim and Christian communities. London: I.B. Tauris; 2015.

231.
Haldon JF. The Arab-Byzantine frontier in the eighth and ninth centuries: military organization and society in the borderlands. Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta =: Recueil des travaux de l’Institut d’Etudes Byzantines. 1980;19:79–116.

232.
Hassan S. Khalilieh. The Ribât System and Its Role in Coastal Navigation. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient [Internet]. 1999;42(2):212–25. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/3632336?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

233.
Lilie RJ. The Byzantine-Arab Borderland from the Seventh to the Ninth Century. In: Borders, barriers, and ethnogenesis: frontiers in late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols; 2005. p. 13–21.

234.
Michaudel B. The Development of Islamic Military Architecture during the Ayyubid and Mamluk Reconquest of Frankish Syria. In: Muslim military architecture in greater Syria: from the coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2006. p. 106–21. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14908149530004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

235.
Parker ST, American Schools of Oriental Research. Romans and Saracens: a history of the Arabian frontier. Vol. American Schools of Oriental Research Dissertation Series. Philadelphia, Pa: American Schools of Oriental Research; 1986.

236.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod. The Islamic City--Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance. International Journal of Middle East Studies [Internet]. 1987;19(2):155–76. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/163352?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

237.
Bacharach JL. Administrative Complexes, Palaces, and Citadels: Changes in the Loci of Medieval Muslim Rule. In: The Ottoman city and its parts: urban structure and social order. New Rochelle, N.Y.: A.D. Caratzas; 1991. p. 105–22.

238.
Hillenbrand R. Anjar and Early Islamic Urbanism. In: The idea and ideal of the town between late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill; 1999. p. 59–98.

239.
Hugh Kennedy. From Polis to Madina: Urban Change in Late Antique and Early Islamic Syria. Past & Present [Internet]. 1985;(106):3–27. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/650637?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

240.
Wheatley P. The places where men pray together: cities in Islamic lands, seventh through the tenth centuries. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press; 2001.

241.
GIDEON AVNI. ``From Polis to Madina’’ Revisited — Urban Change in Byzantine and early Islamic Palestine. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. 2011;21(3):301–29. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/23011474?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

242.
Eger AA. Mapping Medieval Antioch: Urban Transformations from the Early Islamic to the Middle Byzantine Periods. In: Dumbarton Oaks papers: Number sixty-seven. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; 2013. p. 95–134.

243.
Gascoigne AL. The Water Supply of Tinnis: Public amenities and private investments. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. London: Routledge; 2007. p. 161–76.

244.
Hugh Kennedy. From Shahristan to Medina. Studia Islamica [Internet]. 2006;(102):5–34. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20141082?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

245.
Kennedy H. How to found an Islamic city. In: Cities, texts and social networks, 400-1500: experiences and perceptions of medieval urban space. Farnham: Ashgate; 2010. p. 45–63.

246.
R. Rante. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF RAYY DURING THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD. Iran [Internet]. 2007;45:161–80. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25651417?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

247.
Vallejo Triano A. Madinat al-Zahra: Transformation of a Caliphal City. In: Revisiting al-Andalus: perspectives on the material culture of islamic Iberia and beyond [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2007. p. 3–26. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14687291100004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

248.
Whitcomb D. An Urban Structure for the Early Islamic City. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. London: Routledge; 2007. p. 15–26.

249.
Williams T. The City of Sultan Kala, Merv, Turkmenistan: Communities, neighbourhoods and urban planning from the eighth to thirteenth century. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. London: Routledge; 2007. p. 42–61.

250.
Jamel Akbar. KHATTA AND THE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF EARLY MUSLIM TOWNS. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1988;6(1):22–32. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000231

251.
Avni G. The Byzantine-Islamic transition in Palestine: an archaeological approach [Internet]. Vol. Oxford studies in Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684335.001.0001

252.
Brogiolo GP, Ward-Perkins JB. The idea and ideal of the town between late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Vol. Transformation of the Roman world. Leiden: Brill; 1999.

253.
Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. Vol. SOAS/Routledge studies on the Middle East. London: Routledge; 2007.

254.
Fenwick C. From Africa to Ifrīqiya: Settlement and Society in Early Medieval North Africa (650–800). Al-Masaq. 2013 Apr;25(1):9–33.

255.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Vol. Social archaeology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

256.
León A, Murillo JFco. Advances in Research on Islamic Cordoba. Journal of Islamic Archaeology. 2014 Aug 18;1(1):5–35.

257.
Nováček K, Melčák M, Starková L, Amin NAM. Medieval urban landscape in northeastern Mesopotamia. Vol. Archaeopress archaeology. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd; 2016.

258.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Vol. Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East. Leiden: Brill; 2008. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

259.
Peters FE. Jerusalem and Mecca: the typology of the holy city in the Near East. Vol. New York University studies in Near Eastern civilization. New York: New York University Press; 1986.

260.
Petersen A. The towns of Palestine under Muslim rule, AD 600-1600. Vol. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2005.

261.
Andre Raymond. Islamic City, Arab City: Orientalist Myths and Recent Views. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies [Internet]. 1994;21(1):3–18. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/195564?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

262.
Ruggles DF. Madinat al-Zahra. In: Gardens, landscape, and vision in the palaces of Islamic Spain. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2000. p. 3–18.

263.
Alan Walmsley. Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565-800. Dumbarton Oaks Papers [Internet]. 2007;61:319–52. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472053?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

264.
Wheatley P. The places where men pray together: cities in Islamic lands, seventh through the tenth centuries. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press; 2001.

265.
AlSayyad N. Cairo: histories of a city. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2011.

266.
Alston R. Urban Transformation in the East from Byzantium to Islam. Acta byzantina fennica. 2009;3:8–38.

267.
Karimian, Hassan. Transition from Equality to the Hierarchical Social Structure and Urban Form in the Early Islamic Cities. Der Islam [Internet]. 2011;86(2):237–70. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1114873039/FECD54897BC54B84PQ/2?accountid=14511

268.
Khalaf, Roha W. Traditional vs modern Arabian morphologies. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development [Internet]. 2012;2(1):27–43. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1016331866/EC271760B094030PQ/3?accountid=14511

269.
Radoine H. Planning paradigm in the : order in randomness. Planning Perspectives. 2011 Oct;26(4):527–49.

270.
Les fouilles de Paykend: nouveaux elements. Cahiers d’Asie centrale [Internet]. (21/22):237–58. Available from: http://asiecentrale.revues.org/1841

271.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Vol. Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East. Leiden: Brill; 2008. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

272.
Fentress, E. The House of the Prophet: North African Islamic housing. Archeologia Medievale [Internet]. 14. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1298016577/66050C09B418462EPQ/6?accountid=14511

273.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Vol. Social archaeology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

274.
Magness J. Early Islamic Pottery: Evidence of a Revolution in Diet and Dinning Habits. In: Agency and identity in the ancient Near East: new paths forward [Internet]. London: Equinox; 2010. p. 117–26. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=92d12bbb-4642-e811-80cd-005056af4099

275.
Walmsley A. Regional exchange and the role of the shop in Byzantine and Early Islamic Syria-Palestine: an archeological view. In: Trade and markets in Byzantium. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; 2012. p. 311–30.

276.
Alexander MM, Gerrard CM, Gutiérrez A, Millard AR. Diet, society, and economy in late medieval Spain: Stable isotope evidence from Muslims and Christians from Gandía, Valencia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2015 Feb;156(2):263–73.

277.
Gascoigne AL. Cooking pots and choices in the medieval Middle East. In: Pottery and social dynamics in the Mediterranean and beyond in medieval and post-medieval times [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2013. p. 1–10. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14746678250004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

278.
Grau-Sologestoa I. Socio-economic status and religious identity in medieval Iberia: The zooarchaeological evidence. Environmental Archaeology. 2017 Apr 3;22(2):189–99.

279.
MacLean R, Insoll T. Archaeology, luxury and the exotic: the examples of Islamic Gao (Mali) and Bahrain. World Archaeology. 2003 Jan;34(3):558–70.

280.
Northedge A. The contents of the first Muslim houses: Thoughts about the assemblages from the Amman Citadel. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: 12 April - 16 April 2010, the British Museum and UCL, London. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz; 2012. p. 633–59.

281.
Walmsley A. The Excavation of an Umayyad Period House at Pella in Jordan. In: Housing in late antiquity: from palaces to shops [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2007. p. 515–22. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14990242040004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

282.
Bonine ME. Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites and the Middle Eastern City. In: A companion to the history of the Middle East [Internet]. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub; 2005. p. 393–406. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996423

283.
Campo JE. The other sides of paradise: explorations into the religious meanings of domestic space in Islam. Vol. Studies in comparative religion. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press; 1991.

284.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Vol. Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East. Leiden: Brill; 2008. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

285.
Simpson SJ. Death and Burial in the Late Islamic Near East: Some Insights from Archaeology and Ethnograhy. In: The archaeology of death in the ancient Near East [Internet]. Oxford: Oxbow Books; 1995. p. 240–51. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1bb74168-8dcb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

286.
Walmsley A. Early Islamic Syria: an archaeological assessment. Vol. Duckworth debates in archaeology. London: Duckworth; 2007.

287.
Alan Walmsley. Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565-800. Dumbarton Oaks Papers [Internet]. 2007;61:319–52. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472053

288.
Foote RM. Commerce, Industrial Expansion, and Orthogonal Planning: Mutually Compatible Terms in settlements of Bilad al-Sham during the Umayyad Period. Mediterranean archaeology. 2000;13:25–38.

289.
Stefan Heidemann. The History of the Industrial and Commercial Area of ’Abbāsid Al-Raqqa, Called Al-Raqqa Al-Muḥtariqa. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London [Internet]. 2006;69(1):33–52. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20181988?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

290.
Stillman NA. The Eleventh Century Merchant House of Ibn ’Awkal (a Geniza Study). Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1973 Jan 1;16(1):15–87.

291.
Simpson I. Market Buildings at Jerash:Commerical Transformations at the Tetrakionion in the 6th to 9th centuries CE. In: Residences, castles, settlements: transformation processes from late antiquity to early Islam in Bilad al-Sham : proceedings of the international conference held at Damascus, 5-9 November, 2006. Rahden/Westf: Marie Leidorf; 2008. p. 115–24.

292.
Tonghini C, Henderson J. An Eleventh-century Pottery Production Workshop at al-Raqqa. Preliminary Report. Levant. 1998 Jan;30(1):113–27.

293.
Tsafrir Y. Trade, workshops and shops in Bet Shean/Scythopolis, 4th-8th centuries. In: Byzantine trade, 4th-12th centuries: the archaeology of local, regional and international exchange : papers of the thirty-eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Farnham: Ashgate; 2009. p. 61–82.

294.
Watson AM. Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world: the diffusion of crops and farming techniques, 700-1100. Vol. Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983.

295.
Michael Decker. Plants and Progress: Rethinking the Islamic Agricultural Revolution. Journal of World History [Internet]. 2009;20(2):187–206. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40542757?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

296.
Ian C. Freestone and Yael Gorin-Rosen. THE GREAT GLASS SLAB AT BET SHE’ARIM, ISRAEL: AN EARLY ISLAMIC GLASSMAKING EXPERIMENT? Journal of Glass Studies [Internet]. 1999;41:105–16. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/24190848?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

297.
MASON RB, TITE MS. THE BEGINNINGS OF TIN-OPACIFICATION OF POTTERY GLAZES. Archaeometry. 1997 Feb;39(1):41–58.

298.
Amar Z. The History of the Paper Industry in al-Sham in the Middle Ages. In: Towns and material culture in the medieval Middle East. Leiden: Brill; 2002. p. 119–34.

299.
Bernsted AMK. Early Islamic pottery: materials and techniques. London: Archetype; 2003.

300.
Ruggles DF, editor. Islamic art and visual culture: an anthology of sources. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

301.
Fischel WJ. The Spice Trade in Mamluk Egypt: A Contribution to the Economic History of Medieval Islam. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1958 Apr;1(2).

302.
Frantz-Murphy G. A New Interpretation of the Economic History of Medieval Egypt: The Role of the Textile Industry 254-567/868-1171. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1981 Oct;24(3).

303.
Freestone IC, Jackson-Tal RE, Taxel I, Tal O. Glass production at an Early Islamic workshop in Tel Aviv. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2015 Oct;62:45–54.

304.
Freestone IC. The relationship between enamelling on ceramics and on glass in the Islamic world. Archaeometry. 2002 May;44(2):251–5.

305.
Henderson J, Challis K, O’Hara S, McLoughlin S, Gardner A, Priestnall G. Experiment and innovation: early Islamic industry at al-Raqqa, Syria. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):130–45.

306.
Harrell JA. Discovery of a medieval Islamic industry for steatite cooking vessels in Egypt’s Eastern Desert. In: New approaches to old stones: recent studies of ground stone artifacts [Internet]. London: Equinox Pub; 2008. p. 41–65. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ade173e1-86cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

307.
Henderson J. Ancient glass: an interdisciplinary exploration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013.

308.
Irwin R. Artists, Guilds and Craft Technology. In: Islamic art in context: art, architecture, and the literary world. New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997. p. 133–6.

309.
Jones R, Cartwright C, Politis KD. Sweet waste: medieval sugar production in the Mediterranean viewed from the 2002 excavation at the Tawahin es-Sukkar, Safi, Jordan. Vol. Early materials and practices series. Glasgow: Potingair Press; 2017.

310.
Lev E. Trade of Medical Substances in the Medieval and Ottoman Levant. In: Towns and material culture in the medieval Middle East. Leiden: Brill; 2002. p. 159–84.

311.
Mayerson, Philip. The role of flax in Roman and Fatimid Egypt. Journal of Near Eastern Studies [Internet]. 1997;56:201–7. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505686136&site=ehost-live&scope=site

312.
Milwright M. Crafts and Industry. In: An introduction to Islamic archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2010. p. 143–58. Available from: https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r29m5

313.
Milwright M. Islamic arts and crafts: an anthology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd; 2017.

314.
Phelps M, Freestone IC, Gorin-Rosen Y, Gratuze B. Natron glass production and supply in the late antique and early medieval Near East: The effect of the Byzantine-Islamic transition. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2016 Nov;75:57–71.

315.
Philips WD. Sugar Production and trade in the Mediterranean at the Time of the Crusades. In: The meeting of two worlds: Europe and the Americas 1492-1650. Oxford: published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press; 1993. p. 393–406.

316.
Rehren T. Cutting Edge Technology - The Ferghana Process of medieval crucible steel smelting. Metalla: Forschungsberichte des Deutschen Bergbau-Museums. 2000;7:55–69.

317.
Rehren Th, Nixon S. Refining gold with glass – an early Islamic technology at Tadmekka, Mali. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2014 Sep;49:33–41.

318.
Saitowitz SJ. Early Indian Ocean Glass Bead Trade between Egypt and Malaysia: A Pilot Study. In: Indo-Pacific prehistory: the Chiang Mai papers. Canberra: Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Australian National University; 1996. p. 119–23.

319.
Tsugitaka S. Sugar in the Economic Life of Mamluk Egypt. Mamlūk studies review [Internet]. 2004;8(2):87–108. Available from: http://metalib.ucl.ac.uk:9003/sfx_local?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:opac_856&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=991042732661906&svc_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&

320.
Vickers M, Impey OR, Allan JW, Ashmolean Museum. From silver to ceramic: the potter’s debt to metalwork in the Graeco-Roman, Oriental and Islamic worlds. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum; 1986.

321.
Vroom J. After antiquity: ceramics and society in the Aegean from the 7th to the 20th century A.C. ; a case study from Boeotia, central Greece. Vol. Archaeological studies Leiden University. Leiden: Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden; 2003.

322.
Watson O. Ceramics from Islamic lands. London: Thames & Hudson; 2004.

323.
Bazzana A. Irrigation systems of Islamic origin in the Valle de Ricote (Murcia, Spain). RURALIA II | ruralia [Internet]. 1998;II:152–60. Available from: http://www.ruralia.cz/Ruralia_PDF_2.html

324.
Karl W. Butzer, Juan F. Mateu, Elisabeth K. Butzer and Pavel Kraus. Irrigation Agrosystems in Eastern Spain: Roman or Islamic Origins? Annals of the Association of American Geographers [Internet]. 1985;75(4):479–509. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2563108?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

325.
Davis SJM. Zooarchaeological evidence for Moslem and Christian improvements of sheep and cattle in Portugal. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2008 Apr;35(4):991–1010.

326.
Thomas F. Glick. Islamic and Christian Spain in the early Middle Ages.

327.
Milwright M. The Countryside. In: An introduction to Islamic archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2010. p. 59–74. Available from: https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r29m5

328.
Haiman M. Agriculture and Nomad-State Relations in the Negev Desert in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 1995 Feb;(297).

329.
Johns J. The Longue Duree: State and Settlement Strategies in Southern Jordan across the Islamic Centuries. In: Rogan EL, Tell T, editors. Village, steppe and state: the social origins of modern Jordan [Internet]. London: British Academic Press; 1994. p. 1–31. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=7a652ae4-89cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

330.
Keenan JG. Fayyum Agriculture at the End of the Ayyubid Era: Nabulsi’s Survey. In: Agriculture in Egypt: from Pharaonic to modern times [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy; 1999. p. 287–99. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=159f41f2-87cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

331.
Leone A. Vandal, Byzantine, and Arab rural landscapes in North Africa. In: Landscapes of change: rural evolution in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages [Internet]. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2004. p. 135–62. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a5f9ed01-8bcb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

332.
McPhillips S, Wordsworth PD, editors. Landscapes of the Islamic World: archaeology, history, and ethnography [Internet]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc; 2016. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1c2cr8z

333.
Nevo YD, Negev Archaeological Project for the Study of Ancient Arab Desert Cultures. Pagans and herders: a re-examination of the Negev runoff cultivation systems in the Byzantine and early Arab periods. Vol. New sources for the history of the Byzantine and early Arab periods--the Negev, fourth to eighth centuries AD. Negev, Israel: IPS Ltd; 1991.

334.
Ruggles D. The Countryside: the Roman Agricultural and Hydraulic Legacy of the Islamic Mediterranean. In: The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2008. p. 795–816. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

335.
Van der Veen M. Agricultural innovation: invention and adoption or change and adaptation? World archaeology. :1–12.

336.
Wickham C. Framing the early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800 [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. Available from: http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=834766

337.
Wilson A. Classical water technology in ht early Islamic world. In: Bruun C, editor. Technology, ideology, water: from Frontinus to the Renaissance and beyond : papers from a conference at the Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, May 19-20, 2000. Rome: Institutum Romanum Finlandiae; 2003. p. 115–41.

338.
Alexander J. Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa. World archaeology. :44–60.

339.
Ashtor E. Histoire des Prix et des Salaires dans l’Orient Médiéval [ Edition originale ]. [S.l.]: S.E.V.P.E.N.; 1969.

340.
Bang PF. The Roman bazaar: a comparative study of trade and markets in a tributary empire. Vol. Cambridge classical studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008.

341.
Bessard F. Between localism and a desire for greater openness: Teh urban economy in southern Greater Syria from the 7th century tothe end of the Umayyads. In: Lavan L, editor. Local economies?: production and exchange of inland regions in late antiquities [Internet]. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill; 2015. p. 363–406. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/title/26260

342.
Breen C. Towards an Archaeology of Early Islamic Ports on the Western Red Sea Coast. Journal of maritime archaeology [Internet]. :311–23. Available from: http://metalib.ucl.ac.uk:9003/sfx_local?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:opac_856&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=1000000000221944&svc_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&

343.
Bulliet RW. Cotton, climate, and camels in early Islamic Iran: a moment in world history. New York: Columbia University Press; 2009.

344.
Chittick H. East African Trade with the Orient. In: Islam and the trade of Asia: a colloquium. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer; 1970. p. 97–104.

345.
Constable OR. Housing the stranger in the Mediterranean world: lodging, trade, and travel in late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

346.
Cytryn-Silverman K. The road inns (khāns) in Bilād al-Shām [Internet]. Vol. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2010. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.30861/9781407306711

347.
La Vaissière É de. Sogdian traders: a history [Internet]. Vol. Handbook of Oriental studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section eight, Central Asia. Leiden: Brill; 2005. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931160653604761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,Sogdian%20traders:%20a%20history&offset=0

348.
Decker M. Tilling the hateful earth: agricultural production and trade in the late antique East [Internet]. Vol. Oxford studies in Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565283.001.0001

349.
Di Meglio RR. Arab Trade with Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula from the 8th to the 16th Century. In: Islam and the trade of Asia: a colloquium. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer; 1970. p. 105–36.

350.
Goitein SD. Letters of medieval Jewish traders. [Princeton, N.J.]: Princeton University Press; 1974.

351.
Goitein SD. From the Mediterranean to India: Documents on the Trade to India, South Arabia, and East Africa from the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Speculum. 1954 Apr;29(2, Part 1):181–97.

352.
Goitein SD. The Main Industries of the Mediterranean Area as Reflected in the Records of the Cairo Geniza. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1961 Aug;4(2).

353.
Goitein SD, Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies. A Mediterranean society: the Jewish communities of the Arab world as portrayed in the documents of the Cairo Geniza. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1967.

354.
Hourani GF. Trade Routes under the Caliphate. In: Arab seafaring in the Indian Ocean in ancient and early medieval times. Expanded ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1995. p. 51–86.

355.
Mark Horton. Artisans, Communities, and Commodities: Medieval Exchanges between Northwestern India and East Africa. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2004;34:62–80. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4629608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

356.
Hudson GF. The Medieval Trade of China. In: Islam and the trade of Asia: a colloquium. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer; 1970. p. 159–67.

357.
Insoll T. Timbuktu and Europe: Trade, Cities and Islam in ‘Medieval West Africa’. In: The medieval world. London: Routledge; 2001. p. 469–84.

358.
Jacoby D. Venetian commercial expansion in the eastern Mediterranean 8th-11th centuries. In: Byzantine trade, 4th-12th centuries: the archaeology of local, regional and international exchange : papers of the thirty-eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Farnham: Ashgate; 2009. p. 371–92.

359.
Lopez RS, Raymond IW. Medieval trade in the Mediterranean world: illustrative documents [Internet]. Vol. Records of civilization, sources and studies. New York: W.W. Norton; 1967. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06015

360.
Mango MM, Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies. Byzantine trade, 4th-12th centuries: the archaeology of local, regional and international exchange : papers of the thirty-eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Vol. Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies publications; 14. Farnham: Ashgate; 2009.

361.
Mikkelsen E. The Vikings and Islam. In: The Viking world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2008. p. 543–9. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14387402010004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

362.
Nixon S. Excavating Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali): new archaeological investigations of early Islamic trans-Saharan trade. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 2009 Aug;44(2):217–55.

363.
Nixon, SamRehren, ThiloGuerra, Maria Filomena. New light on the early Islamic West African gold trade: coin moulds from Tadmekka, Mali. Antiquity [Internet]. 85:1353–68. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/917778613/2B07C69B58734165PQ/18?accountid=14511

364.
Peacock ACS. Black Sea Trade and the Islamic World down to the Mongol Period. In: The Black Sea: past, present and future : proceedings of the international interdisciplinary conference, Istanbul, 14-16 October 2004 [Internet]. London: British Institute at Ankara; 2007. p. 65–72. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931063351804761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,990011598830204761&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9048004703144335437&offset=0

365.
Power T. The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate: AD 500-1000 [Internet]. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press; 2012. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15m7h9n

366.
Risso P. Merchants and faith: Muslim commerce and culture in the Indian Ocean [Internet]. Vol. New perspectives on Asian history. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31178

367.
Van der Veen M, Morales J. The Roman and Islamic spice trade: New archaeological evidence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015 Jun;167:54–63.

368.
Walmsley A. Production, Exchange and Regional Trade in the Islamic Near East: Old Structures, New Systems? In: The long eighth century. Leiden: Brill; 2000. p. 264–343.

369.
David Whitehouse. Siraf: A Medieval Port on the Persian Gulf. World Archaeology [Internet]. 1970;2(2):141–58. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/124129?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

370.
Wickham C. The Mediterranean around 800: On the Brink of the Second Trade Cycle. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 2004;58.

371.
Wordsworth P. Merv on Khorasanian trade routes from the 10th -13th centuries. In: Rante R, editor. Greater Khorasan: History, Geography, Archaeology and Material Culture [Internet]. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter; 2015. p. 51–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110331707

372.
Wordsworth P. Sustaining Travel - the economy of medieval stopping-places across the Karakum Desert Turkmenistan. In: McPhillips S, Wordsworth PD, editors. Landscapes of the Islamic world: archaeology, history, and ethnography [Internet]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2016. p. 219–36. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c8ed055f-00d1-e711-80cd-005056af4099

373.
Flood FB. Between Cult and Culture: Bamiyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum. The Art Bulletin. 2002 Dec;84(4).

374.
Fowden G. Late-antique art in Syria and its Umayyad evolutions. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2004;17:282–304.

375.
JULIA GONNELLA. COLUMNS AND HIEROGLYPHS: MAGIC ‘SPOLIA’ IN MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE OF NORTHERN SYRIA. Muqarnas [Internet]. 2010;27:103–20. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25769694?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

376.
Isakhan B, González Zarandona JA. Layers of religious and political iconoclasm under the Islamic State: symbolic sectarianism and pre-monotheistic iconoclasm. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2017 May 11;1–16.

377.
BBC Radio 4 - Simon Schama: The Obliterators [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b071s6nr

378.
Ali N. The royal veil: early Islamic figural art and the reconsidered. Religion. 2017 Jul 3;47(3):425–44.

379.
Bowersock GW. Iconoclasms,. In: Mosaics as history: the Near East from late antiquity to Islam. Cambridge, MA: the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2006. p. 91–112.

380.
Fowden G. Quṣayr ʻAmra: art and the Umayyad elite in late antique Syria. Vol. The transformation of the classical heritage. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press; 2004.

381.
Flood FB. Image against Nature. The Medieval History Journal. 2006 Apr;9(1):143–66.

382.
Sahner CC. The First Iconoclasm in Islam: A New History of the Edict of Yazīd II (AH 104/AD 723). Der Islam. 2017 Jan 30;94(1).

383.
Elias JJ. Aisha’s cushion: religious art, perception, and practice in Islam. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 2012.

384.
Jaś Elsner. Iconoclasm as Discourse: From Antiquity to Byzantium. The Art Bulletin [Internet]. 2012;94(3):368–94. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/23268277?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

385.
Grabar O. The formation of Islamic art [Internet]. Revised and enlarged edition. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1987. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931935316404761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,The%20formation%20of%20Islamic%20art&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9033506427898697600&offset=0

386.
University of Oxford. Faculty of Oriental Studies. Walid and his friends: an Umayyad tragedy. Vol. Oxford studies in Islamic art. Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Faculty of Oriental Studies; 1988.

387.
King GRD. Islam, iconoclasm, and the declaration of doctrine. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1985 Jun;48(02).

388.
Anderson B. "An alternative discourse”: Local interpreters of antiquities in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2015 Aug;40(4):450–60.

389.
Berlekamp P. Wonder, image, and cosmos in medieval Islam [Internet]. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00270

390.
Cook M. Pharaonic History in Medieval Egypt. Studia Islamica. 1983;(57).

391.
Daly OE. Egyptology: the missing millennium ; ancient Egypt in medieval Arabic writings. London: UCL Press; 2005.

392.
Flood FB. Appropriation as Inscription: Making History in the First Friday Mosque of Delhi. In: Reuse value: spolia and appropriation in art and architecture from Constantine to Sherrie Levine [Internet]. Farnham: Ashgate; 2011. p. 121–47. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14687290910004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

393.
Johnson SC. ‘Return to Origin Is Non-Existence’: Al-Mada’in and Perceptions of Ruins in Abbasid Iraq. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):257–83.

394.
Mulder S. Imagining Localities of Antiquity in Islamic Societies. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):229–54.

395.
Noyes J. The politics of iconoclasm: religion, violence and the culture of image-breaking in Christianity and Islam. Vol. Library of modern religion. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd; 2013.

396.
Shalem A. Islam Christianized: Islamic portable objects in the medieval church treasuries of the Latin West. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. Ars faciendi. New York: Peter Lang; 1999.

397.
Flood FB, Elsner J. Idol Breaking as Image Making in the Islamic State. Religion and Society. 2016 Jan 1;7(1).

398.
Melčák M, Beránek O. ISIS’s Destruction of Mosul’s Historical Monuments: Between Media Spectacle and Religious Doctrine. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):389–415.

399.
Casana j. Satellite Imagery-Based Analysis of Archaeological Looting in Syria. In: Near Eastern archaeology: a reader. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2003. p. 142–52.

400.
Elias JL. The Taliban, Baniyan, and Revisonist Iconoclam. In: Striking images, iconoclasms past and present. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing; 2013.

401.
Gamboni D. The destruction of art: iconoclasm and vandalism since the French Revolution. Vol. Picturing history. London: Reaktion Books; 1997.

402.
Gaifman M. Aniconism: definitions, examples and comparative perspectives. Religion. 2017 Jul 3;47(3):335–52.

403.
Harmanşah, Ömür1. ISIS, HERITAGE, AND THE SPECTACLES OF DESTRUCTION IN THE GLOBAL MEDIA. Near Eastern Archaeology [Internet]. 2015;78(3):170–7. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=109515255&site=ehost-live&scope=site

404.
Meskell L. Sites of Violence: Terrorism, Tourism, and Heritage in the Archaeological Present. In: Embedding ethics. Oxford: Berg; 2005. p. 123–46.

405.
Walasek H. Bosnia and the destruction of cultural heritage [Internet]. Vol. Heritage, culture and identity. Farnham: Ashgate; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315569789

406.
Isakhan B. The Iraq legacies and the roots of the ‘Islamic State’. In: Isakhan B, editor. The legacy of Iraq: from the 2003 War to the ‘Islamic State’ [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2015. p. 223–35. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt16r0j1w

407.
Joy C. ‘UNESCO is what?’ World Heritage, Militant Islam and the search for a common humanity in Mali. In: Brumann C, Berliner D, editors. World heritage on the ground: ethnographic perspectives [Internet]. New York: Berghahn Books; 2016. p. 60–77. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6b049a4b-ffd0-e711-80cd-005056af4099

408.
Al Quntar S, Daniels BI. Responses to the Destruction of Syrian Cultural Heritage: A Critical Review of Current Efforts. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):381–97.

409.
Watenpaugh HZ. Cultural Heritage and the Arab Spring: War over Culture, Culture of War and Culture War. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):245–63.

410.
Bauer AA. Editorial: The Destruction of Heritage in Syria and Iraq and Its Implications. International Journal of Cultural Property. 2015 Feb;22(01):1–6.

411.
Brosché J, Legnér M, Kreutz J, Ijla A. Heritage under attack: motives for targeting cultural property during armed conflict. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2017 Mar 16;23(3):248–60.

412.
Cunliffe E, Muhesen N, Lostal M. The Destruction of Cultural Property in the Syrian Conflict: Legal Implications and Obligations. International Journal of Cultural Property. 2016 Feb;23(01):1–31.

413.
De Cesari C. POST-COLONIAL RUINS: Anthropology Today. 2015 Dec;31(6):22–6.

414.
Gerstenblith P. The destruction of cultural heritage: A crime against property or a crime against people? The John Marshall Review of Intelluctual Property Law [Internet]. 2013;15(3):337–93. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/uk/legal/search/homesubmitForm.do

415.
Isakhan B. Heritage destruction and spikes in violence: the case of Iraq. In: Kila J, Zeidler JA, editors. Cultural heritage in the crosshairs: protecting cultural property during conflict [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2013. p. 219–47. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900

416.
Isakhan B. Creating the Iraq cultural property destruction database: Calculating a heritage destruction index. In: Kila J, Zeidler JA, editors. Cultural heritage in the crosshairs: protecting cultural property during conflict [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2013. p. 1–21. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900

417.
Whose Hajj is it anyway? [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ihrc.org.uk/publications/briefings/11763-whose-hajj-is-it-anyway

418.
Joy C. The politics of heritage management in Mali: from UNESCO to Djenné. Vol. Publications of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Walnut Creek, Calif: Left Coast Press; 2012.

419.
Plets Gertjan. Violins and trowels for Palmyra: Post‐conflict heritage politics. Anthropology Today [Internet]. 2017;33(4):18–22. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/10.1111/1467-8322.12362/full

420.
Kila J, Zeidler JA, editors. Cultural heritage in the crosshairs: protecting cultural property during conflict [Internet]. Vol. Heritage and identity. Leiden: Brill; 2013. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900

421.
Kornegay, K. D. Destroying the Shrines of Unbelievers: The Challenge of Iconoclasm to the International Framework for the Protection of Cultural Property. Military Law Review [Internet]. 2014;(221):153–82. Available from: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/milrv221&id=159

422.
Rim Lababidi. Did They Really Forget How to Do It?: Iraq, Syria, and the International Response to Protect a Shared Heritage. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies [Internet]. 2016;4(4):341–62. Available from: https://muse-jhu-edu.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/article/637045

423.
Lamprakos M. Building a world heritage city: Sana’a, Yemen. Vol. Heritage, culture and identity. London: Routledge; 2017.

424.
Lostal M. International cultural heritage law in armed conflict: case studies of Syria, Libya, Mali, the invasion of Iraq, and the Buddhas of Bamiyan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2017.

425.
Nassar, Ahmad E. The International Criminal Court and the Applicability of International Jurisdiction under Islamic Law. Chicago Journal of International Law [Internet]. 4:587–96. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/237209883/20C2D17849B24924PQ/19?accountid=14511

426.
Pollock S. Archaeology and Contemporary Warfare. Annual Review of Anthropology. 2016 Oct 21;45(1):215–31.

427.
Smith C, Burke H, de Leiuen C, Jackson G. The Islamic State’s symbolic war: Da’esh’s socially mediated terrorism as a threat to cultural heritage. Journal of Social Archaeology. 2016 Jun;16(2):164–88.

428.
Veintimilla, D. Islamic Law and War Crimes Trials: The Possibility and Challenges of a War Crimes Tribunal against the Assad Regime and ISIL. Cornell International Law Journal [Internet]. 2016;49(2). Available from: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/cintl49&id=1

429.
Walasek H. Bosnia and the destruction of cultural heritage [Internet]. Vol. Heritage, culture and identity. Farnham: Ashgate; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315569789

430.
De Cesari C. Ottonostalgias and Urban Apartheid. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):339–57.

431.
Lafrenz Samuels K. Trajectories of Development: International Heritage Management of Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa. Archaeologies. 2009 Apr;5(1):68–91.

432.
Sidi AO. Maintaining Timbuktu’s unique tangible and intangible heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2012 May;18(3):324–31.

433.
Starzmann MT. Archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East: Academic agendas, labour politics and neo-colonialism. In: European archaeology abroad: global settings, comparative perspectives [Internet]. Leiden: Sidestone Press; 2012. p. 401–14. Available from: https://www.sidestone.com/books/european-archaeology-abroad

434.
Rabbat N. Heritage as a Right: Heritage and the Arab Spring. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):267–78.

435.
Rico T, editor. The making of Islamic heritage: Muslim pasts and heritage presents [Internet]. Vol. Heritage studies in the Muslim world. Singapore, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan; 2017. Available from: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/52616

436.
Bernbeck R. Heritage Politics: Learning from Mullah Omar? In: Controlling the past, owning the future: the political uses of archaeology in the Middle East. Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 2010. p. 27–54.

437.
Bernbeck R. The political economy of archaeological practice and the production of heritage in the Middle East. In: A companion to social archaeology [Internet]. Malden, Mass: Blackwell; 2004. p. 334–52. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470693605

438.
Meskell L. Archaeology under fire: nationalism, politics and heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. London: Routledge; 1998.

439.
Shaw WMK. In Situ: The Contraindications of World Heritage. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):339–65.

440.
Starzmann MT. Archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East: Academic agendas, labour politics and neo-colonialism. In: European archaeology abroad: global settings, comparative perspectives [Internet]. Leiden: Sidestone Press; 2012. p. 401–14. Available from: https://www.sidestone.com/books/european-archaeology-abroad

441.
Islamic Art - The David Collection [Internet]. Available from: https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic

442.
Ashmolean − Eastern Art Online, Yousef Jameel Centre for Islamic and Asian Art [Internet]. Available from: http://jameelcentre.ashmolean.org/

443.
V&A · Islamic Middle East [Internet]. Available from: https://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/islamic-middle-east

444.
Collections: Arts of the Islamic World | Freer and Sackler Galleries [Internet]. Available from: https://archive.asia.si.edu/collections/islamic.asp

445.
Islamic Art | The Metropolitan Museum of Art [Internet]. Available from: https://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/curatorial-departments/islamic-art

446.
Islamic Art | Keyword | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art [Internet]. Available from: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/keywords/islamic-art/

447.
Qantara [Internet]. Available from: http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/index.php?lang=en

448.
Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum [Internet]. Available from: http://www.discoverislamicart.org/

449.
Islamic Arts and Architecture | Islamic Arts and Architecture [Internet]. Available from: http://islamic-arts.org/

450.
Encyclopædia Iranica | Home [Internet]. Available from: http://www.iranicaonline.org/

Bibliography for ARCLG354: Islamic Archaeology BETA