Bibliography for ARCLG354: Islamic Archaeology

1.
Hillenbrand R. Islamic art and architecture. London: Thames and Hudson; 1999.

2.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

3.
Irwin R. Islamic art in context: art, architecture, and the literary world. New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997.

4.
Kennedy H. The prophet and the age of the caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century [Internet]. 2nd ed. Harlow: Pearson Longman; 2004. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931225550004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

5.
Milwright M. An introduction to Islamic archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2010. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931109190004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

6.
Robinson CF, editor. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238

7.
Ruggles DF, editor. Islamic art and visual culture: an anthology of sources. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

8.
Walmsley A. Early Islamic Syria: an archaeological assessment [Internet]. London: Duckworth; 2007. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2931027770004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

9.
Ettinghausen R, Grabar O, Jenkins M. The art and architecture of Islam 650-1250. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2001.

10.
Bennison AK. The great caliphs: the golden age of the ’Abbasid Empire [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2009. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931062788204761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,The%20great%20caliphs:%20the%20golden%20age%20of%20the%20%27Abbasid%20Empire&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9009879645147047484&offset=0

11.
Cook M. The Koran: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001

12.
Donner FM. Muhammad and the believers: at the origins of Islam. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2012.

13.
Kennedy H. The caliphate: a Pelican introduction. UK: Pelican; 2016.

14.
Kennedy H. The great Arab conquests: how the spread of Islam changed the world we live in. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson; 2007.

15.
Silverstein AJ. Islamic history: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199545728.001.0001

16.
Gibb HAR, Bearman PJ. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New edition. Leiden: Brill; 1960.

17.
Kennedy H. An historical atlas of Islam [Internet]. 2nd, rev. ed. = Nouv. éd ed. Leiden: Brill; 2002. Available from: http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/historical-atlas-of-islam

18.
Petersen A. Dictionary of Islamic architecture. London: Routledge; 1996.

19.
Insoll T. Introduction. The archaeology of Islam [Internet]. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999. p. 1–25. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=571a6460-9a33-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

20.
Milwright M. Introductions. An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2022. p. 1–23. Available from: https://www-degruyter-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/document/doi/10.1515/9780748629954-005/html

21.
Ahmed S. What is Islam?: the importance of being Islamic [Internet]. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2016. Available from: https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/0c483k875

22.
Hodgson M. The venture of Islam [Internet]. University of Chicago Press; 1977. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00894

23.
Lewis B. The world of Islam: faith, people, culture. London: Thames and Hudson; 1976.

24.
Marranci G. The anthropology of Islam [Internet]. Oxford: Berg; 2008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474215626

25.
Moreland J. Archaeology and text. London: Duckworth; 2001.

26.
Petersen A. What is Islamic Archaeology. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):100–106.

27.
Bennison AK. The great caliphs: the golden age of the ’Abbasid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris; 2009.

28.
Cook M. The Koran: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001

29.
Donner FM. Muhammad and the believers: at the origins of Islam. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2012.

30.
Kennedy H. The caliphate: a Pelican introduction. UK: Pelican; 2016.

31.
Kennedy H. The great Arab conquests: how the spread of Islam changed the world we live in. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson; 2007.

32.
Ruthven M. Islam: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.

33.
Silverstein AJ. Islamic history: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199545728.001.0001

34.
Stephen Vernoit. THE RISE OF ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1997;14(1):1–10. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000366

35.
Donald Malcolm Reid. Cultural Imperialism and Nationalism: The Struggle to Define and Control the Heritage of Arab Art in Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 1992;24(1):57–76. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/163762?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

36.
Díaz-Andreu M, Champion T. Islamic archaeology and the origin of the Spanish nation. In: Díaz-Andreu García M, Champion TC, editors. Nationalism and archaeology in Europe [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2015. p. 68–89. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14763765330004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

37.
Champion TC, Díaz-Andreu García M. Nationalism and archaeology in Europe. London: UCL Pres; 1996.

38.
Blair SS, Bloom JM. The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field. The Art Bulletin. 2003 Mar;85(1).

39.
Said EW. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1978.

40.
Canby S. The curator’s dilemma: dispelling the mystery of exotic collections. Museum International. 1999 Jul;51(3):11–15.

41.
Crill R, Stanley T, Victoria and Albert Museum. The making of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art: at the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications; 2006.

42.
Anderson B. "An alternative discourse”: Local interpreters of antiquities in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2015 Aug;40(4):450–460.

43.
Bahrani Z, Çelik Z, Eldem E, SALT (Organization). Scramble for the past: a story of archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753-1914. Istanbul: SALT; 2011.

44.
Brooks A, Young R. Historical Archaeology and Heritage in the Middle East: A Preliminary Overview. Historical Archaeology. 2016 Dec;50(4):22–35.

45.
Çelik Z. About antiquities: politics of archaeology in the Ottoman Empire [Internet]. First edition. Austin: University of Texas Press; 2016. Available from: https://hdl-handle-net.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/2027/heb33993.0001.001

46.
Ettinghausen R. Islamic Art and Archaeologv. In: Cuyler Young T, editor. Near Eastern Culture and Society. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1951.

47.
Exell K, Rico T. ‘There is no heritage in Qatar’: Orientalism, colonialism and other problematic histories. World Archaeology. 2013 Oct;45(4):670–685.

48.
Goode JF. Negotiating for the past: archaeology, nationalism, and diplomacy in the Middle East, 1919-1941 [Internet]. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press; 2007. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931982253204761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,Negotiating%20for%20the%20past:%20archaeology,%20nationalism,%20and%20diplomacy%20in%20the%20Middle%20East,%201919-1941&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9010091050791534175&offset=0

49.
Graber O. Islamic Art and Archaeology. The Study of the Middle East: research and scholarship in the humanities and the social sciences : a project of the Research and Training Committee of the Middle East Studies Association. New York: Wiley; 1976. p. 229–263.

50.
Northedge A. Archaeology and Islam. Companion encyclopedia of archaeology [Internet]. London: Routledge; 1999. p. 1077–1107. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c5cd076b-683b-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

51.
Northedge A. Ernst Herzfeld, Samarra and Islamic Archaeology. Ernst Herzfeld and the development of Near Eastern Studies, 1900-1950. Leiden: Brill; 2005. p. 383–403.

52.
Petersen, Andrew. Politics and narratives: Islamic archaeology in Israel. Antiquity [Internet]. 79(306):858–864. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/217562860?accountid=14511

53.
Rogers JM. From antiquarianism to Islamic archaeology. Cairo: Istituto italiano di cultura per la R.A.E.; 1974.

54.
Roxburgh, David J. Au bonheur des Amateurs: collecting and exhibiting Islamic art, ca. 1880-1910. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2000;30:9–38. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852813&site=ehost-live&scope=site

55.
D. FAIRCHILD RUGGLES. HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE REDISCOVERY OF MADĪNAT AL-ZAHRĀ’. Islamic Studies [Internet]. Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad; 1991;30(1):129–140. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20840030?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

56.
Walmsley A. Archaeology and Islamic Studies: The development of a relationship. From handaxe to Khan: essays presented to Peder Mortensen on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus, Oakville, CT: Aarhus University Press; 2004. p. 317–329.

57.
Anderson GD. Integrating the Medieval Iberian Peninsula and North Africa in Islamic Architectural History. The Journal of North African Studies. 2014 Jan;19(1):83–92.

58.
Behrens-Abouseif D, Vernoit S, editors. Islamic art in the 19th century: tradition, innovation, and eclecticism. [Paperback reprint edition]. Leiden: Brill; 2015.

59.
From Prophet to Postmodernism? New World Orders and the End of Islamic Art. Journal of Art Historiography [Internet]. 2012;(6):31–53. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=76385007&site=ehost-live&scope=site

60.
Hillenbrand R. Creswell and Contemporary Central European Scholarship. Muqarnas. 1991;8.

61.
Hillenbrand R. Studying Islamic Architecture: Challenges and Perspectives. Architectural History. 2003;46.

62.
Necipoglu G. The Concept of Islamic Art: Inherited Discourses and New Approaches. Islamic art and the museum: approaches to art and archeology of the Muslim world in the twenty-first century [Internet]. London: Saqi; 2012. p. 57–75. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6f276a12-6738-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

63.
Graves MS, Junod B, Friedli G, Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Architecture in Islamic arts: treasures of the Aga Khan Museum. Geneva, Switzerland: Aga Khan Trust for Culture; 2011.

64.
Said EW. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1978.

65.
Canby, Sheila1. The curator’s dilemma: dispelling the mystery of exotic collections. Museum International [Internet]. 51(3):11–15. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=11676396&site=ehost-live&scope=site

66.
Heath I. The representation of Islam in British museums [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2007. Available from: https://www-fulcrum-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/concern/monographs/t435gf68v

67.
Jemkins-Madina, Marilyn. Collecting the "orient” at the Met: early tastemakers in America. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2000;30:69–89. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852810&site=ehost-live&scope=site

68.
Junod B. Islamic art and the museum: approaches to art and archeology of the Muslim world in the twenty-first century. London: Saqi; 2012.

69.
Komaroff, Linda. Exhibiting the Middle East: collections and perceptions of Islamic art. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 2000;30:1–8. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505852794&site=ehost-live&scope=site

70.
Leturcq J. The Museum of Arab Art in Cairo (1869-2014): A Disoriented Heritage. In: Pouillon F, Vatin JC, editors. After orientalism: critical perspectives on western agency and eastern re-appropriations [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2015. p. 145–161. Available from: https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/26809

71.
Milwright M. An Arabic Description of the Activities of Antique Dealers in Late Ottoman Damascus. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2011 Mar;143(1):8–18.

72.
Neumeier E. Spoils for the New Pyrrhus: Alternative Claims to Antiquity in Ottoman Greece. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):311–337.

73.
Rosser-Owen M. ‘Collecting the Alhambra’: Owen Jones and Islamic Spain at the South Kensington Museum. Owen Jones y la Alhambra. Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife; 2011. p. 159–168.

74.
Wendy M. K. Shaw. Islamic Arts in the Ottoman Imperial Museum, 1889-1923. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. The Smithsonian Institution; 2000;30:55–68. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4434262?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

75.
Regarding the exhibition: the Munich exhibition Masterpieces of Muhammadan Art (1910) and its scholarly position. Journal of Art Historiography; [Internet]. 2012;(6):1–34. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=76385024&site=ehost-live&scope=site

76.
Vernoit S. Islamic Art and Architecture: An Overview of Scholarship and Collecting, c. 1850-c 1950. Discovering Islamic art: scholars, collectors and collections, 1850-1950 [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2000. p. 1–61. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5fed1b33-6438-ea11-80cd-005056af4099

77.
Les fouilles de Paykend: nouveaux elements. Cahiers d’Asie centrale [Internet]. (21/22):237–258. Available from: http://asiecentrale.revues.org/1841

78.
La Kalaa des Beni-Hammad : une capitale berbère de l’Afrique du nord au XIe siècle / Général L. de Beylié [Internet]. E. Leroux (Paris); 1909. Available from: http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6546822q

79.
Erster vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen von Samarra :: AMAR Archive of Mesopotamian Archaeological Reports [Internet]. Available from: http://digital.library.stonybrook.edu/cdm/ref/collection/amar/id/157367

80.
Herzfeld E, Mallowan MEL. Die vorgeschichtlichen Töpfereien von Samarra: mit 240 Textbildern und 47 Tafeln, darunter 6 in Farbendruck. Berlin: D. Reimer; 1930.

81.
SOAS, University of London holdings information for ‘Die Malereien von Samarra : mit 83 Textbildern und 88 Ta...’ | Copac [Internet]. Available from: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=ausgrabungen%20von%20samarra&iids=107610019%20&show-library=SOAS%2C%20University%20of%20London&rn=8

82.
Friedrich Paul Theodor Sarre, 1865-1945 Ernst Herzfeld, 1879-1948; Hans Arnold, 1850-1927; Technische Hochschule Berlin. Die Keramik von Samarra / Friedrich Sarre / unter Mitwirkung von Ernst Herzfeld, mit Beiträgen vom Materialprüfungsamt der Technischen Hochschule, Berlin, und von Dr. Hans Arnold [Internet]. Available from: http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UCL_LMS_DS000317226&indx=7&recIds=UCL_LMS_DS000317226&recIdxs=6&elementId=6&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL_LMS_DS%29&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=UCL_VU1&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=samarra&dstmp=1509712145812

83.
Velázquez Bosco R. Arte del Califato de Cordoba: Medina Azzahra y Alamiriya, texto, planos, y dibujos del mismo [Internet]. Madrid: Jose Blass; 1912. Available from: https://archive.org/details/artedelcalifatod00vel

84.
Saladin H, Migeon G. Manuel d’art musulman. Paris: A. Picard; 1907.

85.
Sarre F. Archaologische Reise im Euphrat- und Tigris-Begiet : Sarre, Friedrich Paul Theodor, 1865-1945 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive [Internet]. Berlin: D. Reimer; 1911. Available from: https://archive.org/details/archaologischere03sarr

86.
Viollet H. Fouilles à Samara en Mésopotamie. Un palais musulman du IXe siècle. Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres de l’Institut de France Première série, Sujets divers d’érudition. 1913;12(2):685–718.

87.
Lamm CJ. Das Glas von Samarra. Berlin: D. Reimer; 1928.

88.
Herzfeld E. Geschichte der Stadt Samarra. Hamburg: Eckardt & Messtorff; 1948.

89.
Aly Bahgat bey, Gabriel A. Fouilles d’al Foustât : publiées les auspices du Comité de conservation des monuments de l’art arabe [Internet]. Paris: E. de Boccard; 1921. Available from: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=fouilles%20d%27al%20foustat&iids=63482059%20&show-library=V%26A%20Libraries&rn=1

90.
Wilkinson CK, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Nishapur: some early Islamic buildings and their decoration. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; 1987.

91.
Irwin R. Dangerous knowledge: orientalism and its discontents. [1st paperback ed.]. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press; 2008.

92.
Irwin R. For lust of knowing: the Orientalists and their enemies. London: Allen Lane; 2006.

93.
MacKenzie JM. Orientalism: history, theory and the arts. Manchester: Manchester UP; 1995.

94.
Makdisi U. Ottoman Orientalism. The American Historical Review. 2002 Jun;107(3):768–796.

95.
Schacht J, Bosworth CE. The legacy of Islam. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1979.

96.
Varisco DM. Islam obscured: the rhetoric of anthropological representation [Internet]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2005. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781403973429

97.
Varisco DM. Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington Press; 2011. Available from: https://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=15430819710004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

98.
Donner F. Visions of the Early Islamic Expansion: Between the Heroic and the Horrific. In: El-Cheikh NM, O’Sullivan S, editors. Byzantium in early Islamic Syria: proceedings of a conference organized by the American University of Beirut and the University of Balamand, June 18-19, 2007. Beirut, Lebanon: American University of Beirut; 2011. p. 9–30.

99.
Walmsley A. Production, Exchange and Regional Trade in the Islamic Near East: Old Structures, New Systems? The long eighth century. Leiden: Brill; 2000. p. 264–343.

100.
Fenwick C. From Africa to Ifrīqiya: Settlement and Society in Early Medieval North Africa (650–800). Al-Masaq. 2013 Apr;25(1):9–33.

101.
Robinson C. The First Islamic Empire. The Roman Empire in context: historical and comparative perspectives [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 229–248. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14428531010004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

102.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part One - Origins [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj4

103.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part Two - After Muhammad [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj5

104.
Cameron A, Cameron A. The Mediterranean world in late antiquity, 395-700 AD. Second edition. London: Routledge; 2012.

105.
Donner FM. The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE). The Arabs and Arabia on the eve of Islam. Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum; 1999. p. 21–33.

106.
Little LK, editor. Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750 [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812934

107.
Mousavi A. The Sasanian Empire: An Archaeological Survey,c.220-AD60. A companion to the archaeology of the ancient Near East [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 1076–1094. Available from: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/book/10.1002/9781444360790

108.
Robinson CF. The Rise of Islam, 600-705. The new Cambridge history of Islam: Volume 1: The formation of the Islamic world, sixth to eleventh centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 173–225. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14488947860004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

109.
Bowersock GW. Roman Arabia. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1983.

110.
Donner FM. The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE). The Arabs and Arabia on the eve of Islam. Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum; 1999. p. 21–33.

111.
Fisher G. Between empires: Arabs, Romans, and Sasanians in late antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011.

112.
Fisher G, editor. Arabs and empires before Islam [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654529.001.0001

113.
Fowden G. Empire to commonwealth: consequences of monotheism in late antiquity. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1993.

114.
Hoyland RG. Arabia and the Arabs: from the Bronze Age to the coming of Islam. London: Routledge; 2001.

115.
Kennet D. On the eve of Islam: archaeological evidence from Eastern Arabia. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):107–118.

116.
Lecker M. Pre-Islamic Arabia. The new Cambridge history of Islam: Volume 1: The formation of the Islamic world, sixth to eleventh centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 153–172. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14488947860004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

117.
SOAS, University of London holdings information for ‘Entre memoire et pouvoir : l’espace syrien sous les dern...’ | Copac [Internet]. Available from: http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/search?title=entre%20memoire%20et%20pouvoir&iids=107777719%20&show-library=SOAS%2C%20University%20of%20London&rn=3

118.
Borrut A. Vanishing Syria: Periodization and Power in Early Islam. Der Islam. 2014 Jan 1;91(1).

119.
Donner FM. Modern approaches to early Islamic history. In: Robinson CF, editor. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 625–647. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238

120.
Ruggles DF, editor. Islamic art and visual culture: an anthology of sources. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

121.
Heidemann S. Numismatics. In: Robinson CF, editor. The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 648–663. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521838238

122.
Hoyland RG. Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam. Princeton, N.J: Darwin Press; 1997.

123.
Howard-Johnston J. Witnesses to a world crisis: historians and histories of the Middle East in the seventh century [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208593.001.0001

124.
Humphreys RS. Islamic history: a framework for inquiry. Rev. ed. London: I. B. Tauris; 1991.

125.
Sijpesteijn PM. Arabic Papyri and Islamic Egypt. The Oxford handbook of papyrology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 452–472.

126.
Moreland J. Archaeology and text. London: Duckworth; 2001.

127.
Watson O. Ceramics from Islamic lands. London: Thames & Hudson; 2004.

128.
Hodges R. The Abbasid Caliphate. Mohammed, Charlemagne & the origins of Europe: archaeology and the Pirenne thesis. London: Duckworth; 1983. p. 123–157.

129.
Bulliet RW. Islam: the view from the edge. New York: Columbia University Press; 1994.

130.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

131.
Johns J. The House of the Prophet and the Concept of the Mosque. In: Johns J, editor. Bayt al-Maqdis: Jerusalem and early Islam. Oxford: Published by Oxford University Press for the Board of Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford; 1999. p. 59–112.

132.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

133.
Ruthven M. Islam: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.

134.
BBC Radio 4 - Sunni-Shia: Islam Divided [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07wr3kx

135.
BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, Sunni and Shia Islam - Broadcasts [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00l5mhl/broadcasts

136.
Carvajal JC, Day PM. Cooking Pots and Islamicization in the Early Medieval Vega of Granada (Al-Andalus, Sixth to Twelfth Centuries). Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 2013 Nov;32(4):433–451.

137.
Fentress, E. The House of the Prophet: North African Islamic housing. Archeologia Medievale [Internet]. 14. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1298016577/ABC18DCF39894D7FPQ/6?accountid=14511

138.
MATTIA GUIDETTI. The Byzantine Heritage in the Dar al Islam: CHURCHES AND MOSQUES IN AL-RUHA BETWEEN THE SIXTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES. Muqarnas [Internet]. Brill; 2009;26:1–36. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27811133?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

139.
Horton MC. Islam, Archaeology and Swahili Identity. Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004. p. 67–68.

140.
Insoll T. Syncretism, Time and Identity: Islamic Archaeology in West Africa. Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004. p. 89–101.

141.
Edited by Liv Nilsson Stutz and Sarah Tarlow. Beautiful Things and Bones of Desire. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial [Internet]. Available from: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199569069.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199569069-e-1

142.
Gideon Avni. From Standing Stones to Open Mosques in the Negev Desert: The Archaeology of Religious Transformation on the Fringes. Near Eastern Archaeology [Internet]. The American Schools of Oriental Research; 2007;70(3):124–138. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20361319?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

143.
Carvajal JC. Islamicization or Islamicizations? Expansion of Islam and social practice in the Vega of Granada (south-east Spain). World Archaeology. 2013 Feb 15;45(1):109–123.

144.
Cook M. The Koran: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/actrade/9780192853448.001.0001

145.
Grabar O, Audeh A, Nuseibeh S, Al-Asad M. The shape of the holy: early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1996.

146.
Karev Y. Samarqand in the 8th century: the evidence of transformation. Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004. p. 51–66.

147.
Whitcomb DS. Changing social identity with the spread of Islam: archaeological perspectives. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2004.

148.
Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson. Early Islam as a Late Antique Religion. The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity [Internet]. Available from: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336931.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195336931-e-32

149.
Flood FB. The Great Mosque of Damascus: studies on the makings of an Ummayad visual culture. Leiden: Brill; 2001.

150.
Thomas Leisten. BETWEEN ORTHODOXY AND EXEGESIS: SOME ASPECTS OF ATTITUDES IN THE SHARIʿA TOWARD FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1989;7(1):12–22. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000245

151.
Peacock ACS, De Nicola B, Yildiz SN, editors. Islam and Christianity in medieval Anatolia. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Company; 2015.

152.
Petersen A, Council for British Research in the Levant. The medieval and Ottoman Hajj route in Jordan: an archaeological and historical study [Internet]. Oxford: Oxbow Books; 2012. Available from: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/116030

153.
Peacock ACS, editor. Islamisation: comparative perspectives from history [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2017. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g09v0p

154.
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar. Conversion in late antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond : papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar, University of Oxford, 2009-2010 [Internet]. Papaconstantinou A, McLynn NB, Schwartz DL, editors. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate; 2015. Available from: http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=2110649

155.
Petersen AD. The Archaeology of Muslim Pilgrimage and Shrines in Palestine. Case studies in archaeology and world religion: the proceedings of the Cambridge Conference [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 1999. p. 116–127. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1520a686-83cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

156.
Porter V, British Museum. Hajj: journey to the heart of Islam. London: British Museum Press; 2012.

157.
La Vaissière É de, Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes (Paris, France). Islamisation de l’Asie Centrale: processus locaux d’acculturation du VIIe au XIe siècle. Paris: Association pour l’avancement des études iraniennes; 2008.

158.
Walmsley A, Damgaard K. The Umayyad congregational mosque of Jarash in Jordan and its relationship to early mosques. Antiquity. 2005 Jun;79(304):362–378.

159.
Asad T. The idea of an anthropology of Islam. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University; 1986.

160.
Asad T. Genealogies of religion: discipline and reasons of power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1993.

161.
Asad T. Formations of the secular: Christianity, Islam, modernity. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 2003.

162.
Clifford. Geertz. Islam observed : religious development in Morocco and Indonesia / Clifford Geertz.

163.
Geertz C, Geertz H, Rosen L. Meaning and order in Moroccan society: three essays in cultural analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1978.

164.
Gellner E. Saints of the Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1969.

165.
Eaton RM, American Council of Learned Societies. The Rooting of Islam in Bengal, [Internet]. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02373

166.
Marranci G. Beyond the Stereotype: Challenges in Understanding Muslim Identities. The anthropology of Islam. Oxford: Berg; 2008. p. 89–102.

167.
Aillet C, Martinez-Gros G. Les mozarabes: christianisme, islamisation et arabisation en péninsule ibérique (IXe-XIIe siècle). Madrid: Casa de Velázquez; 2010.

168.
Daryaee T, Debié M, Griffith SH, Qāḍī W, Levy-Rubin M, Stetkevych SP, Whitcomb D, Yarbrough LB, Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians in the Umayyad State (Confernence). Christians and others in the Umayyad state. Borrut A, Donner FM, editors. Chicago, Illinois: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; 2016.

169.
Peeters Publishers. Cultural interchange during the umayyad era in bilad al-sham. [Place of publication not identified]: Peeters Publishers; 1994.

170.
Gharipour M, editor. Sacred Precincts [Internet]. BRILL; 2015. Available from: https://brill.com/view/title/26570

171.
Griffith SH. The church in the shadow of the mosque: Christians and Muslims in the world of Islam [Internet]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30657

172.
Guidetti M. The contiguity between churches and mosques in early Islamic Bilād al-Shām. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 2013 Jun;76(02):229–258.

173.
Guidetti M. In the shadow of the church: the building of mosques in early medieval Syria. Leiden: Brill; 2017.

174.
Hoyland RG. Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam. Princeton, N.J: Darwin Press; 1997.

175.
Levy-Rubin M. Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire: From Surrender to Coexistence [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977435

176.
Jennifer Pruitt. Method in Madness: Recontextualizing the Destruction of Churches in the Fatimid Era. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 2013;30(1):119–139. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-0301p0007

177.
Schick R. The Christian communities of Palestine from Byzantine to Islamic rule: a historical and archaeological study. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press; 1995.

178.
Wood P. Christians in the Middle East, 600-1000:Conquest, Competition and Conversion. In: Peacock ACS, De Nicola B, Yildiz SN, editors. Islam and Christianity in medieval Anatolia. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Company; 2015. p. 23–50.

179.
Jeremy Johns. Archaeology and the History of Early Islam: The First Seventy Years. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient [Internet]. Brill; 2003;46(4):411–436. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632827?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

180.
HOYLAND R. New documentary texts and the early Islamic state. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 2006 Oct;69(03).

181.
Fenwick C. Archaeology, Empire and the Conquest of North Africa. Past and present. London: Past and Present Society;

182.
Kennedy H. The Decline and Fall of the First Muslim Empire. Der Islam. 2004;81(1).

183.
BBC World Service - History Of Islam, Part Three - Islam’s Golden Age [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qtyj0

184.
BBC Radio 3 - The Essay, The Islamic Golden Age, The Establishment of the Islamic State [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03j9mcx

185.
Jere L. Bacharach. MARWANID UMAYYAD BUILDING ACTIVITIES: SPECULATIONS ON PATRONAGE. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1996;13(1):27–44. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000355

186.
Damgaard K. Access Granted: The Phenomenology of Approach in Early Islamic Palatial Architecture. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2013 Jul 1;2(2):273–305.

187.
Genequand D. Umayyad Castles: the shift from Late antique Military Architecture to early Islamic Palatial Building. Muslim military architecture in greater Syria: from the coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2006. p. 3–25. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14908149530004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

188.
Heidemann S. The representation of the Early Islamic empire and its religion on coin imagery. In: Fuess A, Hartung JP, editors. Court cultures in the Muslim world: seventh to nineteenth centuries. London: Taylor & Francis; 2014. p. 30–53.

189.
Eger A. Frontier or Frontiers? Interaction and Exchange in Frontier Societies. The Islamic-Byzantine frontier: interaction and exchange among Muslim and Christian communities [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2015. p. 277–309. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c71e1e5d-88cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

190.
Elad A. Why did ’Abd al-Malik build the Dome of the Rock? Bayt al-Maqdis: Abd al-Malik’s Jerusalem, Part 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992. p. 33–58.

191.
Hillenbrand R. IN EARLY ISLAMIC SYRIA: THE EVIDENCE OF LATER UMAYYAD PALACES. Art History. 1982 Mar;5(1):1–35.

192.
Nasser Rabbat. THE MEANING OF THE UMAYYAD DOME OF THE ROCK. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1988;6(1):12–21. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000230

193.
Crone P. From Arabian tribes to Islamic empire: army, state and society in the Near East, c.600-850. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate; 2008.

194.
Donner FM. The expansion of the early Islamic state. Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum; 2008.

195.
Haldon JF. Money, power and politics in early Islamic Syria: a review of current debates. Farnham: Ashgate; 2010.

196.
Kennedy H. The armies of the Caliphs: military and society in the early Islamic state. London: Routledge; 2001.

197.
Irwin R. Islamic art in context: art, architecture, and the literary world. New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997.

198.
Marsham A. Rituals of Islamic monarchy: accession and succession in the first Muslim empire [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2009. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931063274104761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,Rituals%20of%20Islamic%20monarchy:%20accession%20and%20succession%20in%20the%20first%20Muslim%20empire&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9084245728077332141&offset=0

199.
Sijpesteijn PM. New Rule over Old Sturctures: Egypt after the Muslim Conquest. Regime change in the ancient Near East and Egypt: from Sargon of Agade to Saddam Hussein [Internet]. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press; 2007. p. 183–200. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=18891ab9-85cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

200.
Donner FM. The early Islamic conquests [Internet]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 1981. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00877

201.
Fowden G. Late-antique art in Syria and its Umayyad evolutions. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2004;17:282–304.

202.
Fowden G. Quṣayr ʻAmra: art and the Umayyad elite in late antique Syria. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press; 2004.

203.
Flood FB. The Great Mosque of Damascus: studies on the makings of an Ummayad visual culture. Leiden: Brill; 2001.

204.
Grabar O, Audeh A, Nuseibeh S, Al-Asad M. The shape of the holy: early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1996.

205.
Kennet D. On the eve of Islam: archaeological evidence from Eastern Arabia. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):107–118.

206.
King GRD. Settlement patterns in Islamic Jordan: the Umayyads and their use of the land. Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan: 4. Amman: Department of Antiquities in cooperation with: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Université Lumiere, Lyon; 1992. p. 369–375.

207.
Nuha N. N. Khoury. THE DOME OF THE ROCK, THE KAʿBA, AND GHUMDAN: ARAB MYTHSAND UMAYVAD MONUMENTS. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1992;10(1):57–66. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000295

208.
Northedge A. Archaeology and new urban settlement in early Islamic Syria and Iraq. The Byzantine and early Islamic Near East: (papers of the Second Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam), 2: Land use and settlement patterns. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press; 1994. p. 231–265.

209.
Robinson CF. Empire and elites after the Muslim conquest: the transformation of northern Mesopotamia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

210.
Papaconstantinou, Arietta D, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar. Conversion in late antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond : papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar, University of Oxford, 2009-2010 [Internet]. Papaconstantinou A, McLynn N, Schwartz DL, editors. London, [England]: Routledge; 2016. Available from: http://ucl.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=2945666550004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760

211.
Sijpesteijn P. Shaping a Muslim state: papyri related to a mid-eighth century Egyptian official. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Dissertation Services; 2005.

212.
WHITCOMB D. Urbanism in Arabia. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 1996 May;7(1):38–51.

213.
Hillenbrand R. The ‘Abbasids’. Islamic art and architecture. London: Thames and Hudson; 1999. p. 38–60.

214.
Kennedy H. The Early ‘Abbasid Caliphate’. The prophet and the age of the caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century [Internet]. London: Longman; 1986. p. 123–155. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=22332a64-81cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

215.
Foote RM. Frescoes and carved ivory from the Abbasid family homestead at Humeima. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 1999;12:423–428.

216.
Kennedy H. The early Abbasid Caliphate: a political history. London: Croom Helm; 1981.

217.
Lassner J. the Building of Madinat as-Salam. The topography of Baghdad in the early Middle Ages: text and studies. Detroit: Wayne State University Press; 1970. p. 45–59.

218.
Lassner J. The Dar al-Khalifa. The topography of Baghdad in the early Middle Ages: text and studies. Detroit: Wayne State University Press; 1970. p. 85–89.

219.
Northedge A. Remarks on Samarra and the archaeology of large cities. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):119–129.

220.
Northedge A, Fondation Max van Berchem, British School of Archaeology in Iraq. The historical topography of Samarra. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq (BSAI); 2005.

221.
Northedge, Alastair. An interpretation of the Palace of the Caliph at Samarra (Dar al-Khilafa or Jawsaq al-Khaqani). Ars Orientalis [Internet]. 1993;23:143–170. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505651456&site=ehost-live&scope=site

222.
Whitcomb D. Hesban, Amman and Abbasid Archaeology in Jordan. The archaeology of Jordan and beyond: essays in honor of James A Sauer. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2000. p. 505–515.

223.
Whitcomb D. Reassessing the Archaeology of Jordan of the Abbasid Period. Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan: 4. Amman: Department of Antiquities in cooperation with: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Université Lumiere, Lyon; 1992;385–390.

224.
Walmsley A. Fihl (Pella) and the Cities of North Jordan during the Umayyad and Abbasid Periods. Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan: 4. Amman: Department of Antiquities in cooperation with: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Université Lumiere, Lyon; 1992. p. 377–384.

225.
Boas AJ. Crusader archaeology: the material culture of the Latin East [Internet]. London: Routledge; 1999. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780203984666

226.
Bonner M. The naming of the frontier: ՙAwāim, Thughūr, and the Arab geographers. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1994 Feb;57(01).

227.
Bosworth CE. THE CITY OF TARSUS AND THE ARAB-BYZANTINE FRONTIERS IN EARLY AND MIDDLE ʿABBĀSID TIMES. Oriens. 1992 Jan 1;33(1):268–286.

228.
Brauer RW. Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1995;85(6).

229.
Michael Decker. Frontier Settlement and Economy in the Byzantine East. Dumbarton Oaks Papers [Internet]. Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University; 2007;61:217–267. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472050?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

230.
Eger AA. The Islamic-Byzantine frontier: interaction and exchange among Muslim and Christian communities. London: I.B. Tauris; 2015.

231.
Haldon JF. The Arab-Byzantine frontier in the eighth and ninth centuries: military organization and society in the borderlands. Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta =: Recueil des travaux de l’Institut d’Etudes Byzantines. Beograd: Vizantoloski institut, Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti; 1980;19:79–116.

232.
Hassan S. Khalilieh. The Ribât System and Its Role in Coastal Navigation. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient [Internet]. Brill; 1999;42(2):212–225. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/3632336?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

233.
Lilie RJ. The Byzantine-Arab Borderland from the Seventh to the Ninth Century. Borders, barriers, and ethnogenesis: frontiers in late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols; 2005. p. 13–21.

234.
Michaudel B. The Development of Islamic Military Architecture during the Ayyubid and Mamluk Reconquest of Frankish Syria. Muslim military architecture in greater Syria: from the coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2006. p. 106–121. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14908149530004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

235.
Parker ST, American Schools of Oriental Research. Romans and Saracens: a history of the Arabian frontier. Philadelphia, Pa: American Schools of Oriental Research; 1986.

236.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod. The Islamic City--Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance. International Journal of Middle East Studies [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 1987;19(2):155–176. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/163352?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

237.
Bacharach JL. Administrative Complexes, Palaces, and Citadels: Changes in the Loci of Medieval Muslim Rule. The Ottoman city and its parts: urban structure and social order. New Rochelle, N.Y.: A.D. Caratzas; 1991. p. 105–122.

238.
Hillenbrand R. Anjar and Early Islamic Urbanism. The idea and ideal of the town between late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill; 1999. p. 59–98.

239.
Hugh Kennedy. From Polis to Madina: Urban Change in Late Antique and Early Islamic Syria. Past & Present [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1985;(106):3–27. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/650637?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

240.
Wheatley P. The places where men pray together: cities in Islamic lands, seventh through the tenth centuries. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press; 2001.

241.
GIDEON AVNI. ``From Polis to Madina’’ Revisited — Urban Change in Byzantine and early Islamic Palestine. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2011;21(3):301–329. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/23011474?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

242.
Eger AA. Mapping Medieval Antioch: Urban Transformations from the Early Islamic to the Middle Byzantine Periods. Dumbarton Oaks papers: Number sixty-seven. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; 2013. p. 95–134.

243.
Gascoigne AL. The Water Supply of Tinnis: Public amenities and private investments. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. London: Routledge; 2007. p. 161–176.

244.
Hugh Kennedy. From Shahristan to Medina. Studia Islamica [Internet]. Maisonneuve & Larose; 2006;(102):5–34. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/20141082?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

245.
Kennedy H. How to found an Islamic city. Cities, texts and social networks, 400-1500: experiences and perceptions of medieval urban space. Farnham: Ashgate; 2010. p. 45–63.

246.
R. Rante. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF RAYY DURING THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD. Iran [Internet]. British Institute of Persian Studies; 2007;45:161–180. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25651417?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

247.
Vallejo Triano A. Madinat al-Zahra: Transformation of a Caliphal City. Revisiting al-Andalus: perspectives on the material culture of islamic Iberia and beyond [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2007. p. 3–26. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14687291100004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

248.
Whitcomb D. An Urban Structure for the Early Islamic City. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. London: Routledge; 2007. p. 15–26.

249.
Williams T. The City of Sultan Kala, Merv, Turkmenistan: Communities, neighbourhoods and urban planning from the eighth to thirteenth century. In: Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. London: Routledge; 2007. p. 42–61.

250.
Jamel Akbar. KHATTA AND THE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF EARLY MUSLIM TOWNS. Muqarnas Online [Internet]. 1988;6(1):22–32. Available from: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/journals/10.1163/22118993-90000231

251.
Avni G. The Byzantine-Islamic transition in Palestine: an archaeological approach [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684335.001.0001

252.
Brogiolo GP, Ward-Perkins JB. The idea and ideal of the town between late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill; 1999.

253.
Bennison AK, Gascoigne AL, editors. Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world: the urban impact of religion, state and society. London: Routledge; 2007.

254.
Fenwick C. From Africa to Ifrīqiya: Settlement and Society in Early Medieval North Africa (650–800). Al-Masaq. 2013 Apr;25(1):9–33.

255.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

256.
León A, Murillo JFco. Advances in Research on Islamic Cordoba. Journal of Islamic Archaeology. 2014 Aug 18;1(1):5–35.

257.
Nováček K, Melčák M, Starková L, Amin NAM. Medieval urban landscape in northeastern Mesopotamia. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd; 2016.

258.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2008. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

259.
Peters FE. Jerusalem and Mecca: the typology of the holy city in the Near East. New York: New York University Press; 1986.

260.
Petersen A. The towns of Palestine under Muslim rule, AD 600-1600. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2005.

261.
Andre Raymond. Islamic City, Arab City: Orientalist Myths and Recent Views. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies [Internet]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 1994;21(1):3–18. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/195564?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

262.
Ruggles DF. Madinat al-Zahra. Gardens, landscape, and vision in the palaces of Islamic Spain. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2000. p. 3–18.

263.
Alan Walmsley. Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565-800. Dumbarton Oaks Papers [Internet]. Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University; 2007;61:319–352. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472053?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

264.
Wheatley P. The places where men pray together: cities in Islamic lands, seventh through the tenth centuries. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press; 2001.

265.
AlSayyad N. Cairo: histories of a city. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2011.

266.
Alston R. Urban Transformation in the East from Byzantium to Islam. Acta byzantina fennica. Helsinki: Suomen Bysantin tutkimuksen seura; 2009;3:8–38.

267.
Karimian, Hassan. Transition from Equality to the Hierarchical Social Structure and Urban Form in the Early Islamic Cities. Der Islam [Internet]. 2011;86(2):237–270. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1114873039/FECD54897BC54B84PQ/2?accountid=14511

268.
Khalaf, Roha W. Traditional vs modern Arabian morphologies. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development [Internet]. 2012;2(1):27–43. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1016331866/EC271760B094030PQ/3?accountid=14511

269.
Radoine H. Planning paradigm in the : order in randomness. Planning Perspectives. 2011 Oct;26(4):527–549.

270.
Les fouilles de Paykend: nouveaux elements. Cahiers d’Asie centrale [Internet]. (21/22):237–258. Available from: http://asiecentrale.revues.org/1841

271.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2008. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

272.
Fentress, E. The House of the Prophet: North African Islamic housing. Archeologia Medievale [Internet]. 14. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/1298016577/66050C09B418462EPQ/6?accountid=14511

273.
Insoll T. The archaeology of Islam. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; 1999.

274.
Magness J. Early Islamic Pottery: Evidence of a Revolution in Diet and Dinning Habits. Agency and identity in the ancient Near East: new paths forward [Internet]. London: Equinox; 2010. p. 117–126. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=92d12bbb-4642-e811-80cd-005056af4099

275.
Walmsley A. Regional exchange and the role of the shop in Byzantine and Early Islamic Syria-Palestine: an archeological view. Trade and markets in Byzantium. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; 2012. p. 311–330.

276.
Alexander MM, Gerrard CM, Gutiérrez A, Millard AR. Diet, society, and economy in late medieval Spain: Stable isotope evidence from Muslims and Christians from Gandía, Valencia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2015 Feb;156(2):263–273.

277.
Gascoigne AL. Cooking pots and choices in the medieval Middle East. Pottery and social dynamics in the Mediterranean and beyond in medieval and post-medieval times [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2013. p. 1–10. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14746678250004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

278.
Grau-Sologestoa I. Socio-economic status and religious identity in medieval Iberia: The zooarchaeological evidence. Environmental Archaeology. 2017 Apr 3;22(2):189–199.

279.
MacLean R, Insoll T. Archaeology, luxury and the exotic: the examples of Islamic Gao (Mali) and Bahrain. World Archaeology. 2003 Jan;34(3):558–570.

280.
Northedge A. The contents of the first Muslim houses: Thoughts about the assemblages from the Amman Citadel. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: 12 April - 16 April 2010, the British Museum and UCL, London. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz; 2012. p. 633–659.

281.
Walmsley A. The Excavation of an Umayyad Period House at Pella in Jordan. Housing in late antiquity: from palaces to shops [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2007. p. 515–522. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14990242040004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

282.
Bonine ME. Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites and the Middle Eastern City. A companion to the history of the Middle East [Internet]. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub; 2005. p. 393–406. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996423

283.
Campo JE. The other sides of paradise: explorations into the religious meanings of domestic space in Islam. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press; 1991.

284.
Jayyusi SK, Holod R, Petruccioli A, Raymond A. The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2008. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

285.
Simpson SJ. Death and Burial in the Late Islamic Near East: Some Insights from Archaeology and Ethnograhy. The archaeology of death in the ancient Near East [Internet]. Oxford: Oxbow Books; 1995. p. 240–251. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1bb74168-8dcb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

286.
Walmsley A. Early Islamic Syria: an archaeological assessment. London: Duckworth; 2007.

287.
Alan Walmsley. Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565-800. Dumbarton Oaks Papers [Internet]. Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University; 2007;61:319–352. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25472053

288.
Foote RM. Commerce, Industrial Expansion, and Orthogonal Planning: Mutually Compatible Terms in settlements of Bilad al-Sham during the Umayyad Period. Mediterranean archaeology. Sydney: Dept. of Archeology, University of Sydney; 2000;13:25–38.

289.
Stefan Heidemann. The History of the Industrial and Commercial Area of ’Abbāsid Al-Raqqa, Called Al-Raqqa Al-Muḥtariqa. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2006;69(1):33–52. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20181988?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

290.
Stillman NA. The Eleventh Century Merchant House of Ibn ’Awkal (a Geniza Study). Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1973 Jan 1;16(1):15–87.

291.
Simpson I. Market Buildings at Jerash:Commerical Transformations at the Tetrakionion in the 6th to 9th centuries CE. Residences, castles, settlements: transformation processes from late antiquity to early Islam in Bilad al-Sham : proceedings of the international conference held at Damascus, 5-9 November, 2006. Rahden/Westf: Marie Leidorf; 2008. p. 115–124.

292.
Tonghini C, Henderson J. An Eleventh-century Pottery Production Workshop at al-Raqqa. Preliminary Report. Levant. 1998 Jan;30(1):113–127.

293.
Tsafrir Y. Trade, workshops and shops in Bet Shean/Scythopolis, 4th-8th centuries. Byzantine trade, 4th-12th centuries: the archaeology of local, regional and international exchange : papers of the thirty-eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Farnham: Ashgate; 2009. p. 61–82.

294.
Watson AM. Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world: the diffusion of crops and farming techniques, 700-1100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983.

295.
Michael Decker. Plants and Progress: Rethinking the Islamic Agricultural Revolution. Journal of World History [Internet]. University of Hawai’i Press; 2009;20(2):187–206. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40542757?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

296.
Ian C. Freestone and Yael Gorin-Rosen. THE GREAT GLASS SLAB AT BET SHE’ARIM, ISRAEL: AN EARLY ISLAMIC GLASSMAKING EXPERIMENT? Journal of Glass Studies [Internet]. Corning Museum of Glass; 1999;41:105–116. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/24190848?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

297.
MASON RB, TITE MS. THE BEGINNINGS OF TIN-OPACIFICATION OF POTTERY GLAZES. Archaeometry. 1997 Feb;39(1):41–58.

298.
Amar Z. The History of the Paper Industry in al-Sham in the Middle Ages. Towns and material culture in the medieval Middle East. Leiden: Brill; 2002. p. 119–134.

299.
Bernsted AMK. Early Islamic pottery: materials and techniques. London: Archetype; 2003.

300.
Ruggles DF, editor. Islamic art and visual culture: an anthology of sources. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

301.
Fischel WJ. The Spice Trade in Mamluk Egypt: A Contribution to the Economic History of Medieval Islam. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1958 Apr;1(2).

302.
Frantz-Murphy G. A New Interpretation of the Economic History of Medieval Egypt: The Role of the Textile Industry 254-567/868-1171. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1981 Oct;24(3).

303.
Freestone IC, Jackson-Tal RE, Taxel I, Tal O. Glass production at an Early Islamic workshop in Tel Aviv. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2015 Oct;62:45–54.

304.
Freestone IC. The relationship between enamelling on ceramics and on glass in the Islamic world. Archaeometry. 2002 May;44(2):251–255.

305.
Henderson J, Challis K, O’Hara S, McLoughlin S, Gardner A, Priestnall G. Experiment and innovation: early Islamic industry at al-Raqqa, Syria. Antiquity. 2005 Mar;79(303):130–145.

306.
Harrell JA. Discovery of a medieval Islamic industry for steatite cooking vessels in Egypt’s Eastern Desert. New approaches to old stones: recent studies of ground stone artifacts [Internet]. London: Equinox Pub; 2008. p. 41–65. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ade173e1-86cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

307.
Henderson J. Ancient glass: an interdisciplinary exploration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013.

308.
Irwin R. Artists, Guilds and Craft Technology. Islamic art in context: art, architecture, and the literary world. New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc; 1997. p. 133–136.

309.
Jones R, Cartwright C, Politis KD. Sweet waste: medieval sugar production in the Mediterranean viewed from the 2002 excavation at the Tawahin es-Sukkar, Safi, Jordan. Glasgow: Potingair Press; 2017.

310.
Lev E. Trade of Medical Substances in the Medieval and Ottoman Levant. Towns and material culture in the medieval Middle East. Leiden: Brill; 2002. p. 159–184.

311.
Mayerson, Philip. The role of flax in Roman and Fatimid Egypt. Journal of Near Eastern Studies [Internet]. 1997;56:201–207. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=505686136&site=ehost-live&scope=site

312.
Milwright M. Crafts and Industry. An introduction to Islamic archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2010. p. 143–158. Available from: https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r29m5

313.
Milwright M. Islamic arts and crafts: an anthology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd; 2017.

314.
Phelps M, Freestone IC, Gorin-Rosen Y, Gratuze B. Natron glass production and supply in the late antique and early medieval Near East: The effect of the Byzantine-Islamic transition. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2016 Nov;75:57–71.

315.
Philips WD. Sugar Production and trade in the Mediterranean at the Time of the Crusades. The meeting of two worlds: Europe and the Americas 1492-1650. Oxford: published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press; 1993. p. 393–406.

316.
Rehren T. Cutting Edge Technology - The Ferghana Process of medieval crucible steel smelting. Metalla: Forschungsberichte des Deutschen Bergbau-Museums. Bochum: The Museum; 2000;7:55–69.

317.
Rehren Th, Nixon S. Refining gold with glass – an early Islamic technology at Tadmekka, Mali. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2014 Sep;49:33–41.

318.
Saitowitz SJ. Early Indian Ocean Glass Bead Trade between Egypt and Malaysia: A Pilot Study. Indo-Pacific prehistory: the Chiang Mai papers. Canberra: Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Australian National University; 1996. p. 119–123.

319.
Tsugitaka S. Sugar in the Economic Life of Mamluk Egypt. Mamlūk studies review [Internet]. Chicago, IL: Middle East Documentation Center, University of Chicago; 2004;8(2):87–108. Available from: http://metalib.ucl.ac.uk:9003/sfx_local?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:opac_856&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=991042732661906&svc_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&

320.
Vickers M, Impey OR, Allan JW, Ashmolean Museum. From silver to ceramic: the potter’s debt to metalwork in the Graeco-Roman, Oriental and Islamic worlds. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum; 1986.

321.
Vroom J. After antiquity: ceramics and society in the Aegean from the 7th to the 20th century A.C. ; a case study from Boeotia, central Greece. Leiden: Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden; 2003.

322.
Watson O. Ceramics from Islamic lands. London: Thames & Hudson; 2004.

323.
Bazzana A. Irrigation systems of Islamic origin in the Valle de Ricote (Murcia, Spain). RURALIA II | ruralia [Internet]. Praha; 1998;II:152–160. Available from: http://www.ruralia.cz/Ruralia_PDF_2.html

324.
Karl W. Butzer, Juan F. Mateu, Elisabeth K. Butzer and Pavel Kraus. Irrigation Agrosystems in Eastern Spain: Roman or Islamic Origins? Annals of the Association of American Geographers [Internet]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 1985;75(4):479–509. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2563108?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

325.
Davis SJM. Zooarchaeological evidence for Moslem and Christian improvements of sheep and cattle in Portugal. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2008 Apr;35(4):991–1010.

326.
Thomas F. Glick. Islamic and Christian Spain in the early Middle Ages.

327.
Milwright M. The Countryside. An introduction to Islamic archaeology [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2010. p. 59–74. Available from: https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r29m5

328.
Haiman M. Agriculture and Nomad-State Relations in the Negev Desert in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 1995 Feb;(297).

329.
Johns J. The Longue Duree: State and Settlement Strategies in Southern Jordan across the Islamic Centuries. In: Rogan EL, Tell T, editors. Village, steppe and state: the social origins of modern Jordan [Internet]. London: British Academic Press; 1994. p. 1–31. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=7a652ae4-89cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

330.
Keenan JG. Fayyum Agriculture at the End of the Ayyubid Era: Nabulsi’s Survey. Agriculture in Egypt: from Pharaonic to modern times [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy; 1999. p. 287–299. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=159f41f2-87cb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

331.
Leone A. Vandal, Byzantine, and Arab rural landscapes in North Africa. Landscapes of change: rural evolution in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages [Internet]. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2004. p. 135–162. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a5f9ed01-8bcb-e711-80cd-005056af4099

332.
McPhillips S, Wordsworth PD, editors. Landscapes of the Islamic World: archaeology, history, and ethnography [Internet]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc; 2016. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1c2cr8z

333.
Nevo YD, Negev Archaeological Project for the Study of Ancient Arab Desert Cultures. Pagans and herders: a re-examination of the Negev runoff cultivation systems in the Byzantine and early Arab periods. Negev, Israel: IPS Ltd; 1991.

334.
Ruggles D. The Countryside: the Roman Agricultural and Hydraulic Legacy of the Islamic Mediterranean. The city in the Islamic world [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2008. p. 795–816. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500

335.
Van der Veen M. Agricultural innovation: invention and adoption or change and adaptation? World archaeology. Henley-on-Thames: Routledge; :1–12.

336.
Wickham C. Framing the early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800 [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. Available from: http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=834766

337.
Wilson A. Classical water technology in ht early Islamic world. In: Bruun C, editor. Technology, ideology, water: from Frontinus to the Renaissance and beyond : papers from a conference at the Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, May 19-20, 2000. Rome: Institutum Romanum Finlandiae; 2003. p. 115–141.

338.
Alexander J. Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa. World archaeology. Henley-on-Thames: Routledge; :44–60.

339.
Ashtor E. Histoire des Prix et des Salaires dans l’Orient Médiéval [ Edition originale ]. [S.l.]: S.E.V.P.E.N.; 1969.

340.
Bang PF. The Roman bazaar: a comparative study of trade and markets in a tributary empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008.

341.
Bessard F. Between localism and a desire for greater openness: Teh urban economy in southern Greater Syria from the 7th century tothe end of the Umayyads. In: Lavan L, editor. Local economies?: production and exchange of inland regions in late antiquities [Internet]. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill; 2015. p. 363–406. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/title/26260

342.
Breen C. Towards an Archaeology of Early Islamic Ports on the Western Red Sea Coast. Journal of maritime archaeology [Internet]. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media; :311–323. Available from: http://metalib.ucl.ac.uk:9003/sfx_local?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:opac_856&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=1000000000221944&svc_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&

343.
Bulliet RW. Cotton, climate, and camels in early Islamic Iran: a moment in world history. New York: Columbia University Press; 2009.

344.
Chittick H. East African Trade with the Orient. Islam and the trade of Asia: a colloquium. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer; 1970. p. 97–104.

345.
Constable OR. Housing the stranger in the Mediterranean world: lodging, trade, and travel in late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.

346.
Cytryn-Silverman K. The road inns (khāns) in Bilād al-Shām [Internet]. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2010. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.30861/9781407306711

347.
La Vaissière É de. Sogdian traders: a history [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2005. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931160653604761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UCLLibraryCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=UCLLibraryCatalogue&query=any,contains,Sogdian%20traders:%20a%20history&offset=0

348.
Decker M. Tilling the hateful earth: agricultural production and trade in the late antique East [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. Available from: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565283.001.0001

349.
Di Meglio RR. Arab Trade with Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula from the 8th to the 16th Century. Islam and the trade of Asia: a colloquium. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer; 1970. p. 105–136.

350.
Goitein SD. Letters of medieval Jewish traders. [Princeton, N.J.]: Princeton University Press; 1974.

351.
Goitein SD. From the Mediterranean to India: Documents on the Trade to India, South Arabia, and East Africa from the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Speculum. 1954 Apr;29(2, Part 1):181–197.

352.
Goitein SD. The Main Industries of the Mediterranean Area as Reflected in the Records of the Cairo Geniza. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1961 Aug;4(2).

353.
Goitein SD, Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies. A Mediterranean society: the Jewish communities of the Arab world as portrayed in the documents of the Cairo Geniza. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1967.

354.
Hourani GF. Trade Routes under the Caliphate. Arab seafaring in the Indian Ocean in ancient and early medieval times. Expanded ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1995. p. 51–86.

355.
Mark Horton. Artisans, Communities, and Commodities: Medieval Exchanges between Northwestern India and East Africa. Ars Orientalis [Internet]. The Smithsonian Institution; 2004;34:62–80. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4629608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

356.
Hudson GF. The Medieval Trade of China. Islam and the trade of Asia: a colloquium. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer; 1970. p. 159–167.

357.
Insoll T. Timbuktu and Europe: Trade, Cities and Islam in ‘Medieval West Africa’. The medieval world. London: Routledge; 2001. p. 469–484.

358.
Jacoby D. Venetian commercial expansion in the eastern Mediterranean 8th-11th centuries. Byzantine trade, 4th-12th centuries: the archaeology of local, regional and international exchange : papers of the thirty-eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Farnham: Ashgate; 2009. p. 371–392.

359.
Lopez RS, Raymond IW. Medieval trade in the Mediterranean world: illustrative documents [Internet]. New York: W.W. Norton; 1967. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06015

360.
Mango MM, Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies. Byzantine trade, 4th-12th centuries: the archaeology of local, regional and international exchange : papers of the thirty-eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John’s College, University of Oxford, March 2004. Farnham: Ashgate; 2009.

361.
Mikkelsen E. The Vikings and Islam. The Viking world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2008. p. 543–549. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14387402010004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

362.
Nixon S. Excavating Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali): new archaeological investigations of early Islamic trans-Saharan trade. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 2009 Aug;44(2):217–255.

363.
Nixon, SamRehren, ThiloGuerra, Maria Filomena. New light on the early Islamic West African gold trade: coin moulds from Tadmekka, Mali. Antiquity [Internet]. 85:1353–1368. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/917778613/2B07C69B58734165PQ/18?accountid=14511

364.
Peacock ACS. Black Sea Trade and the Islamic World down to the Mongol Period. The Black Sea: past, present and future : proceedings of the international interdisciplinary conference, Istanbul, 14-16 October 2004 [Internet]. London: British Institute at Ankara; 2007. p. 65–72. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931063351804761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,990011598830204761&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9048004703144335437&offset=0

365.
Power T. The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate: AD 500-1000 [Internet]. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press; 2012. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15m7h9n

366.
Risso P. Merchants and faith: Muslim commerce and culture in the Indian Ocean [Internet]. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31178

367.
Van der Veen M, Morales J. The Roman and Islamic spice trade: New archaeological evidence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015 Jun;167:54–63.

368.
Walmsley A. Production, Exchange and Regional Trade in the Islamic Near East: Old Structures, New Systems? The long eighth century. Leiden: Brill; 2000. p. 264–343.

369.
David Whitehouse. Siraf: A Medieval Port on the Persian Gulf. World Archaeology [Internet]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.; 1970;2(2):141–158. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/124129?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

370.
Wickham C. The Mediterranean around 800: On the Brink of the Second Trade Cycle. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 2004;58.

371.
Wordsworth P. Merv on Khorasanian trade routes from the 10th -13th centuries. In: Rante R, editor. Greater Khorasan: History, Geography, Archaeology and Material Culture [Internet]. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter; 2015. p. 51–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110331707

372.
Wordsworth P. Sustaining Travel - the economy of medieval stopping-places across the Karakum Desert Turkmenistan. In: McPhillips S, Wordsworth PD, editors. Landscapes of the Islamic world: archaeology, history, and ethnography [Internet]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2016. p. 219–236. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c8ed055f-00d1-e711-80cd-005056af4099

373.
Flood FB. Between Cult and Culture: Bamiyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum. The Art Bulletin. 2002 Dec;84(4).

374.
Fowden G. Late-antique art in Syria and its Umayyad evolutions. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2004;17:282–304.

375.
JULIA GONNELLA. COLUMNS AND HIEROGLYPHS: MAGIC ‘SPOLIA’ IN MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE OF NORTHERN SYRIA. Muqarnas [Internet]. Brill; 2010;27:103–120. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/25769694?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

376.
Isakhan B, González Zarandona JA. Layers of religious and political iconoclasm under the Islamic State: symbolic sectarianism and pre-monotheistic iconoclasm. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2017 May 11;1–16.

377.
BBC Radio 4 - Simon Schama: The Obliterators [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b071s6nr

378.
Ali N. The royal veil: early Islamic figural art and the reconsidered. Religion. 2017 Jul 3;47(3):425–444.

379.
Bowersock GW. Iconoclasms,. Mosaics as history: the Near East from late antiquity to Islam. Cambridge, MA: the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2006. p. 91–112.

380.
Fowden G. Quṣayr ʻAmra: art and the Umayyad elite in late antique Syria. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press; 2004.

381.
Flood FB. Image against Nature. The Medieval History Journal. 2006 Apr;9(1):143–166.

382.
Sahner CC. The First Iconoclasm in Islam: A New History of the Edict of Yazīd II (AH 104/AD 723). Der Islam. 2017 Jan 30;94(1).

383.
Elias JJ. Aisha’s cushion: religious art, perception, and practice in Islam. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 2012.

384.
Jaś Elsner. Iconoclasm as Discourse: From Antiquity to Byzantium. The Art Bulletin [Internet]. College Art Association; 2012;94(3):368–394. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/23268277?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

385.
Grabar O. The formation of Islamic art [Internet]. Revised and enlarged edition. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1987. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9931935316404761&context=L&vid=44UCL_INST:UCL_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,The%20formation%20of%20Islamic%20art&sortby=date_d&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9033506427898697600&offset=0

386.
University of Oxford. Faculty of Oriental Studies. Walid and his friends: an Umayyad tragedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Faculty of Oriental Studies; 1988.

387.
King GRD. Islam, iconoclasm, and the declaration of doctrine. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1985 Jun;48(02).

388.
Anderson B. "An alternative discourse”: Local interpreters of antiquities in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Field Archaeology. 2015 Aug;40(4):450–460.

389.
Berlekamp P. Wonder, image, and cosmos in medieval Islam [Internet]. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00270

390.
Cook M. Pharaonic History in Medieval Egypt. Studia Islamica. 1983;(57).

391.
Daly OE. Egyptology: the missing millennium ; ancient Egypt in medieval Arabic writings. London: UCL Press; 2005.

392.
Flood FB. Appropriation as Inscription: Making History in the First Friday Mosque of Delhi. Reuse value: spolia and appropriation in art and architecture from Constantine to Sherrie Levine [Internet]. Farnham: Ashgate; 2011. p. 121–147. Available from: https://ucl.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=14687290910004761&institutionId=4761&customerId=4760&VE=true

393.
Johnson SC. ‘Return to Origin Is Non-Existence’: Al-Mada’in and Perceptions of Ruins in Abbasid Iraq. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):257–283.

394.
Mulder S. Imagining Localities of Antiquity in Islamic Societies. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):229–254.

395.
Noyes J. The politics of iconoclasm: religion, violence and the culture of image-breaking in Christianity and Islam. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd; 2013.

396.
Shalem A. Islam Christianized: Islamic portable objects in the medieval church treasuries of the Latin West. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Peter Lang; 1999.

397.
Flood FB, Elsner J. Idol Breaking as Image Making in the Islamic State. Religion and Society. 2016 Jan 1;7(1).

398.
Melčák M, Beránek O. ISIS’s Destruction of Mosul’s Historical Monuments: Between Media Spectacle and Religious Doctrine. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):389–415.

399.
Casana j. Satellite Imagery-Based Analysis of Archaeological Looting in Syria. Near Eastern archaeology: a reader. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns; 2003. p. 142–152.

400.
Elias JL. The Taliban, Baniyan, and Revisonist Iconoclam. Striking images, iconoclasms past and present. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing; 2013.

401.
Gamboni D. The destruction of art: iconoclasm and vandalism since the French Revolution. London: Reaktion Books; 1997.

402.
Gaifman M. Aniconism: definitions, examples and comparative perspectives. Religion. 2017 Jul 3;47(3):335–352.

403.
Harmanşah, Ömür1. ISIS, HERITAGE, AND THE SPECTACLES OF DESTRUCTION IN THE GLOBAL MEDIA. Near Eastern Archaeology [Internet]. 2015;78(3):170–177. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=asu&AN=109515255&site=ehost-live&scope=site

404.
Meskell L. Sites of Violence: Terrorism, Tourism, and Heritage in the Archaeological Present. Embedding ethics. Oxford: Berg; 2005. p. 123–146.

405.
Walasek H. Bosnia and the destruction of cultural heritage [Internet]. Farnham: Ashgate; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315569789

406.
Isakhan B. The Iraq legacies and the roots of the ‘Islamic State’. In: Isakhan B, editor. The legacy of Iraq: from the 2003 War to the ‘Islamic State’ [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2015. p. 223–235. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt16r0j1w

407.
Joy C. ‘UNESCO is what?’ World Heritage, Militant Islam and the search for a common humanity in Mali. In: Brumann C, Berliner D, editors. World heritage on the ground: ethnographic perspectives [Internet]. New York: Berghahn Books; 2016. p. 60–77. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6b049a4b-ffd0-e711-80cd-005056af4099

408.
Al Quntar S, Daniels BI. Responses to the Destruction of Syrian Cultural Heritage: A Critical Review of Current Efforts. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):381–397.

409.
Watenpaugh HZ. Cultural Heritage and the Arab Spring: War over Culture, Culture of War and Culture War. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):245–263.

410.
Bauer AA. Editorial: The Destruction of Heritage in Syria and Iraq and Its Implications. International Journal of Cultural Property. 2015 Feb;22(01):1–6.

411.
Brosché J, Legnér M, Kreutz J, Ijla A. Heritage under attack: motives for targeting cultural property during armed conflict. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2017 Mar 16;23(3):248–260.

412.
Cunliffe E, Muhesen N, Lostal M. The Destruction of Cultural Property in the Syrian Conflict: Legal Implications and Obligations. International Journal of Cultural Property. 2016 Feb;23(01):1–31.

413.
De Cesari C. POST-COLONIAL RUINS: Anthropology Today. 2015 Dec;31(6):22–26.

414.
Gerstenblith P. The destruction of cultural heritage: A crime against property or a crime against people? The John Marshall Review of Intelluctual Property Law [Internet]. 2013;15(3):337–393. Available from: http://www.lexisnexis.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/uk/legal/search/homesubmitForm.do

415.
Isakhan B. Heritage destruction and spikes in violence: the case of Iraq. In: Kila J, Zeidler JA, editors. Cultural heritage in the crosshairs: protecting cultural property during conflict [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2013. p. 219–247. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900

416.
Isakhan B. Creating the Iraq cultural property destruction database: Calculating a heritage destruction index. In: Kila J, Zeidler JA, editors. Cultural heritage in the crosshairs: protecting cultural property during conflict [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2013. p. 1–21. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900

417.
Whose Hajj is it anyway? [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ihrc.org.uk/publications/briefings/11763-whose-hajj-is-it-anyway

418.
Joy C. The politics of heritage management in Mali: from UNESCO to Djenné. Walnut Creek, Calif: Left Coast Press; 2012.

419.
Plets Gertjan. Violins and trowels for Palmyra: Post‐conflict heritage politics. Anthropology Today [Internet]. 2017;33(4):18–22. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/10.1111/1467-8322.12362/full

420.
Kila J, Zeidler JA, editors. Cultural heritage in the crosshairs: protecting cultural property during conflict [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2013. Available from: https://brill-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/edcollbook/title/22900

421.
Kornegay, K. D. Destroying the Shrines of Unbelievers: The Challenge of Iconoclasm to the International Framework for the Protection of Cultural Property. Military Law Review [Internet]. 2014;(221):153–182. Available from: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/milrv221&id=159

422.
Rim Lababidi. Did They Really Forget How to Do It?: Iraq, Syria, and the International Response to Protect a Shared Heritage. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies [Internet]. Penn State University Press; 2016;4(4):341–362. Available from: https://muse-jhu-edu.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/article/637045

423.
Lamprakos M. Building a world heritage city: Sana’a, Yemen. London: Routledge; 2017.

424.
Lostal M. International cultural heritage law in armed conflict: case studies of Syria, Libya, Mali, the invasion of Iraq, and the Buddhas of Bamiyan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2017.

425.
Nassar, Ahmad E. The International Criminal Court and the Applicability of International Jurisdiction under Islamic Law. Chicago Journal of International Law [Internet]. 4:587–596. Available from: https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/docview/237209883/20C2D17849B24924PQ/19?accountid=14511

426.
Pollock S. Archaeology and Contemporary Warfare. Annual Review of Anthropology. 2016 Oct 21;45(1):215–231.

427.
Smith C, Burke H, de Leiuen C, Jackson G. The Islamic State’s symbolic war: Da’esh’s socially mediated terrorism as a threat to cultural heritage. Journal of Social Archaeology. 2016 Jun;16(2):164–188.

428.
Veintimilla, D. Islamic Law and War Crimes Trials: The Possibility and Challenges of a War Crimes Tribunal against the Assad Regime and ISIL. Cornell International Law Journal [Internet]. 2016;49(2). Available from: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/cintl49&id=1

429.
Walasek H. Bosnia and the destruction of cultural heritage [Internet]. Farnham: Ashgate; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315569789

430.
De Cesari C. Ottonostalgias and Urban Apartheid. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):339–357.

431.
Lafrenz Samuels K. Trajectories of Development: International Heritage Management of Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa. Archaeologies. 2009 Apr;5(1):68–91.

432.
Sidi AO. Maintaining Timbuktu’s unique tangible and intangible heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2012 May;18(3):324–331.

433.
Starzmann MT. Archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East: Academic agendas, labour politics and neo-colonialism. European archaeology abroad: global settings, comparative perspectives [Internet]. Leiden: Sidestone Press; 2012. p. 401–414. Available from: https://www.sidestone.com/books/european-archaeology-abroad

434.
Rabbat N. Heritage as a Right: Heritage and the Arab Spring. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):267–278.

435.
Rico T, editor. The making of Islamic heritage: Muslim pasts and heritage presents [Internet]. Singapore, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan; 2017. Available from: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/52616

436.
Bernbeck R. Heritage Politics: Learning from Mullah Omar? Controlling the past, owning the future: the political uses of archaeology in the Middle East. Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 2010. p. 27–54.

437.
Bernbeck R. The political economy of archaeological practice and the production of heritage in the Middle East. A companion to social archaeology [Internet]. Malden, Mass: Blackwell; 2004. p. 334–352. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470693605

438.
Meskell L. Archaeology under fire: nationalism, politics and heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. London: Routledge; 1998.

439.
Shaw WMK. In Situ: The Contraindications of World Heritage. International Journal of Islamic Architecture. 2017 Jul 1;6(2):339–365.

440.
Starzmann MT. Archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East: Academic agendas, labour politics and neo-colonialism. European archaeology abroad: global settings, comparative perspectives [Internet]. Leiden: Sidestone Press; 2012. p. 401–414. Available from: https://www.sidestone.com/books/european-archaeology-abroad

441.
Islamic Art - The David Collection [Internet]. Available from: https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic

442.
Ashmolean − Eastern Art Online, Yousef Jameel Centre for Islamic and Asian Art [Internet]. Available from: http://jameelcentre.ashmolean.org/

443.
V&A · Islamic Middle East [Internet]. Available from: https://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/islamic-middle-east

444.
Collections: Arts of the Islamic World | Freer and Sackler Galleries [Internet]. Available from: https://archive.asia.si.edu/collections/islamic.asp

445.
Islamic Art | The Metropolitan Museum of Art [Internet]. Available from: https://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/curatorial-departments/islamic-art

446.
Islamic Art | Keyword | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art [Internet]. Available from: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/keywords/islamic-art/

447.
Qantara [Internet]. Available from: http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/index.php?lang=en

448.
Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum [Internet]. Available from: http://www.discoverislamicart.org/

449.
Islamic Arts and Architecture | Islamic Arts and Architecture [Internet]. Available from: http://islamic-arts.org/

450.
Encyclopædia Iranica | Home [Internet]. Available from: http://www.iranicaonline.org/

Bibliography for ARCLG354: Islamic Archaeology BETA