[1]
A. W. Cowley 1992. Long-term control of arterial blood pressure. Physiological Reviews. 72, 1 (Jan. 1992), 231–300.
[2]
Abbott, N.J. et al. 2010. Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier. Neurobiology of Disease. 37, 1 (Jan. 2010), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2009.07.030.
[3]
Altaf, N. et al. 2007. Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage Predicts Recurrent Symptoms in Patients With High-Grade Carotid Stenosis. Stroke. 38, 5 (May 2007), 1633–1635. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.473066.
[4]
Altaf, N. et al. 2011. Plaque Hemorrhage Is a Marker of Thromboembolic Activity in Patients with Symptomatic Carotid Disease. Radiology. 258, 2 (Feb. 2011), 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10100198.
[5]
Anderson, C.S. et al. 2013. Rapid Blood-Pressure Lowering in Patients with Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. New England Journal of Medicine. 368, 25 (June 2013), 2355–2365. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1214609.
[6]
Astrup, J. et al. 1977. Cortical evoked potential and extracellular K+ and H+ at critical levels of brain ischemia. Stroke. 8, 1 (Jan. 1977), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.8.1.51.
[7]
Attwell, D. et al. 2010. Glial and neuronal control of brain blood flow. Nature. 468, 7321 (Nov. 2010), 232–243. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09613.
[8]
Barker, P.B. et al. 2013. Clinical perfusion MRI techniques and applications. Cambridge University Press.
[9]
Bohman, L.-E. and Levine, J.M. 2014. Fever and therapeutic normothermia in severe brain injury. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 20, 2 (Apr. 2014), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000070.
[10]
Bridges, L.R. et al. 2014. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (Arteriolosclerosis) in Brains of Older People. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 73, 11 (Nov. 2014), 1026–1033. https://doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0000000000000124.
[11]
Chatzizisis, Y.S. et al. 2007. Role of Endothelial Shear Stress in the Natural History of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49, 25 (June 2007), 2379–2393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.059.
[12]
Clarkson, A.N. et al. 2010. Reducing excessive GABA-mediated tonic inhibition promotes functional recovery after stroke. Nature. 468, 7321 (Nov. 2010), 305–309. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09511.
[13]
Coupar, F. et al. 2012. Predictors of upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation. 26, 4 (Apr. 2012), 291–313. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215511420305.
[14]
Culmsee, C. and Krieglstein, J. 2007. Ischaemic brain damage after stroke: new insights into efficient therapeutic strategies. International Symposium on Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. EMBO reports. 8, 2 (Feb. 2007), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400892.
[15]
Delcourt, C. and Anderson, C. 2012. Acute intracerebral haemorrhage: Grounds for optimism in management. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 19, 12 (Dec. 2012), 1622–1626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2012.05.018.
[16]
Ferro, J.M. 2003. Cardioembolic stroke: an update. The Lancet Neurology. 2, 3 (Mar. 2003), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00324-7.
[17]
Fisch, A. 2012. Neuroanatomy: draw it to know it. Oxford University Press.
[18]
Flower, Oliver The acute management of intracerebral hemorrhage. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 17, 2.
[19]
Furlan, M. et al. 1996. Spontaneous neurological recovery after stroke and the fate of the ischemic penumbra. Annals of Neurology. 40, 2 (Aug. 1996), 216–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410400213.
[20]
Ginsberg, M.D. 2003. Adventures in the Pathophysiology of Brain Ischemia: Penumbra, Gene Expression, Neuroprotection: The 2002 Thomas Willis Lecture. Stroke. 34, 1 (Jan. 2003), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000048846.09677.62.
[21]
Gioia, Laura C.a Blood pressure management in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: current evidence and ongoing controversies. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 21, 2.
[22]
Gouw, A.A. et al. 2011. Heterogeneity of small vessel disease: a systematic review of MRI and histopathology correlations. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 82, 2 (Feb. 2011), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.204685.
[23]
Grise, Erin M. Blood pressure control for acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 18, 2.
[24]
Grotta, J.C. et al. 2015. Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Elsevier Health Sciences.
[25]
Grupke, S. et al. 2015. Understanding history, and not repeating it. Neuroprotection for acute ischemic stroke: From review to preview. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 129, (Feb. 2015), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.11.013.
[26]
Gupta, A. et al. 2013. Carotid Plaque MRI and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Stroke. 44, 11 (Nov. 2013), 3071–3077. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002551.
[27]
Habs, M. et al. 2011. Age determination of vessel wall hematoma in spontaneous cervical artery dissection: A multi-sequence 3T Cardiovascular Magnetic resonance study. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 13, 1 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-13-76.
[28]
Hall, C.N. et al. 2014. Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease. Nature. 508, 7494 (Mar. 2014), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13165.
[29]
Hall, S.D. et al. 2011. The role of GABAergic modulation in motor function related neuronal network activity. NeuroImage. 56, 3 (June 2011), 1506–1510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.025.
[30]
Harris, J.J. et al. 2012. Synaptic Energy Use and Supply. Neuron. 75, 5 (Sept. 2012), 762–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.019.
[31]
Hart, R.G. et al. 2014. Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct. The Lancet Neurology. 13, 4 (Apr. 2014), 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70310-7.
[32]
Hemphill, J.C. et al. 2015. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 46, 7 (July 2015), 2032–2060. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000069.
[33]
Hemphill, J.C. et al. 2015. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 46, 7 (July 2015), 2032–2060. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000069.
[34]
Homma, S. 2005. Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke. Circulation. 112, 7 (Aug. 2005), 1063–1072. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.524371.
[35]
Hope, T.M.H. et al. 2013. Predicting outcome and recovery after stroke with lesions extracted from MRI images. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2, (2013), 424–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.005.
[36]
Hougaard, K.D. et al. 2014. Remote Ischemic Perconditioning as an Adjunct Therapy to Thrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Trial. Stroke. 45, 1 (Jan. 2014), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001346.
[37]
Jauch, E.C. et al. 2013. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 44, 3 (Mar. 2013), 870–947. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e318284056a.
[38]
Jones, D.K. 2011. Diffusion MRI: theory, methods, and applications. Oxford University Press.
[39]
Kalanuria, Atul A.a , b Early prognostication in acute brain damage: where is the evidence? Current Opinion in Critical Care. 19, 2.
[40]
Kirkman, M.A. et al. 2014. The intensive care management of acute ischemic stroke: an overview. Intensive Care Medicine. 40, 5 (May 2014), 640–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3266-z.
[41]
Kirkman, Matthew A. MBBS*,† Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Review of the Underlying Pathophysiology and its Relevance for Multimodality Neuromonitoring in Neurointensive Care. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 25, 3, 228–239.
[42]
Krakauer, J. and Marshall, R. 2015. The proportional recovery rule for stroke revisited. Annals of Neurology. (Oct. 2015), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24537.
[43]
Krakauer, J.W. et al. 2012. Getting Neurorehabilitation Right: What Can Be Learned From Animal Models? Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 26, 8 (Oct. 2012), 923–931. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968312440745.
[44]
Lees, K.R. 1998. Does neuroprotection improve stroke outcome? The Lancet. 351, 9114 (May 1998), 1447–1448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78865-6.
[45]
Libby, P. 2002. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 420, 6917 (Dec. 2002), 868–874. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01323.
[46]
Liu, J.Y.W. et al. 2012. Neuropathology of the blood-brain barrier and pharmaco-resistance in human epilepsy. Brain. 135, 10 (Oct. 2012), 3115–3133. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws147.
[47]
Lo, E.H. 2008. A new penumbra: transitioning from injury into repair after stroke. Nature Medicine. 14, 5 (May 2008), 497–500. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1735.
[48]
Lo, E.H. et al. 2003. Neurological diseases: Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 4, 5 (May 2003), 399–414. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1106.
[49]
Lok, J. et al. 2007. Cell–cell Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit. Neurochemical Research. 32, 12 (Dec. 2007), 2032–2045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9342-9.
[50]
Malek, A.M. 1999. Hemodynamic Shear Stress and Its Role in Atherosclerosis. JAMA. 282, 21 (Dec. 1999). https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.21.2035.
[51]
Murphy, T.H. and Corbett, D. 2009. Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 10, 12 (Dec. 2009), 861–872. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2735.
[52]
Oeinck, M. et al. 2013. Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 44, 10 (Oct. 2013), 2722–2728. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001913.
[53]
Pantoni, L. 2010. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. The Lancet Neurology. 9, 7 (July 2010), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70104-6.
[54]
Pantoni, L. and Gorelick, P.B. eds 2014. Cerebral small vessel disease. Cambridge University Press.
[55]
Ramos-Cabrer, P. et al. 2011. Targeting the Ischemic Penumbra. Stroke. 42, 1, Supplement 1 (Jan. 2011), S7–S11. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.596684.
[56]
Rose, J.C. and Mayer, S.A. 2004. Optimizing Blood Pressure in Neurological Emergencies. Neurocritical Care. 1, 3 (2004), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1385/NCC:1:3:287.
[57]
Sharp, F.R. et al. 2000. Multiple Molecular Penumbras After Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. (July 2000), 1011–1032. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200007000-00001.
[58]
Sharp, F.R. et al. 2000. Multiple Molecular Penumbras After Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. (July 2000), 1011–1032. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200007000-00001.
[59]
Smith, Martin MBBS, FRCA Monitoring Intracranial Pressure in Traumatic Brain Injury. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 106, 1, 240–248.
[60]
Sposato, L.A. et al. 2015. Very short paroxysms account for more than half of the cases of atrial fibrillation detected after stroke and TIA: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Stroke. 10, 6 (Aug. 2015), 801–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12555.
[61]
Staessen, J.A. et al. 2003. Essential hypertension. The Lancet. 361, 9369 (May 2003), 1629–1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13302-8.
[62]
Stary, H.C. et al. 1995. A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Atherosclerosis : A Report From the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation. 92, 5 (Sept. 1995), 1355–1374. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.92.5.1355.
[63]
Stinear, C.M. et al. 2012. The PREP algorithm predicts potential for upper limb recovery after stroke. Brain. 135, 8 (Aug. 2012), 2527–2535. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws146.
[64]
T A Yousry 1997. Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus. A new landmark. Brain. 120, 1 (1997), 141–157.
[65]
T P Obrenovitch 1995. The ischaemic penumbra: Twenty years on. Cerebrovascular and brain metabolism reviews. 7, 4 (1995).
[66]
Taheri, S. et al. 2011. Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Abnormalities in Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Stroke. 42, 8 (Aug. 2011), 2158–2163. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.611731.
[67]
Virmani, R. et al. 2000. Lessons From Sudden Coronary Death : A Comprehensive Morphological Classification Scheme for Atherosclerotic Lesions. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 20, 5 (May 2000), 1262–1275. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.20.5.1262.
[68]
Wakili, R. et al. 2011. Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 121, 8 (Aug. 2011), 2955–2968. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI46315.
[69]
Wang, Y. et al. 2015. Ischemic conditioning-induced endogenous brain protection: Applications pre-, per- or post-stroke. Experimental Neurology. (Apr. 2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.009.
[70]
Ward, N.S. 2015. Does neuroimaging help to deliver better recovery of movement after stroke? Current Opinion in Neurology. 28, 4 (Aug. 2015), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000223.
[71]
Ward, N.S. 2015. Using oscillations to understand recovery after stroke. Brain. 138, 10 (Oct. 2015), 2811–2813. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv265.
[72]
Wardlaw, J.M. et al. 2003. Is Breakdown of the Blood-Brain Barrier Responsible for Lacunar Stroke, Leukoaraiosis, and Dementia? Stroke. 34, 3 (Mar. 2003), 806–812. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000058480.77236.B3.
[73]
Wartenberg, Katja E. Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 18, 2.
[74]
Wilson, D. et al. 2014. Advances in understanding spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: insights from neuroimaging. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 14, 6 (June 2014), 661–678. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2014.918506.
[75]
Wilson, D. et al. 2015. Investigating intracerebral haemorrhage. BMJ. 350, may20 10 (May 2015), h2484–h2484. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2484.
[76]
Wolf, P.A. et al. 1991. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 22, 8 (Aug. 1991), 983–988. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.22.8.983.
[77]
Yuan, C. et al. 2006. MRI of atherosclerosis in clinical trials. NMR in Biomedicine. 19, 6 (Oct. 2006), 636–654. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1065.
[78]
Zeiler, S.R. and Krakauer, J.W. 2013. The interaction between training and plasticity in the poststroke brain. Current Opinion in Neurology. 26, 6 (Dec. 2013), 609–616. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000025.
[79]
Zhao, Z. et al. 2015. Central role for PICALM in amyloid-β blood-brain barrier transcytosis and clearance. Nature Neuroscience. 18, 7 (May 2015), 978–987. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4025.
[80]
Zlokovic, B.V. 2013. Cerebrovascular Effects of Apolipoprotein E. JAMA Neurology. 70, 4 (Apr. 2013). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.2152.
[81]
Zlokovic, B.V. 2008. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neuron. 57, 2 (Jan. 2008), 178–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.003.
[82]
del Zoppo, G.J. and Hallenbeck, J.M. 2000. Advances in the Vascular Pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke. Thrombosis Research. 98, 3 (May 2000), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00218-8.
[83]
Atrial fibrillation: the management of atrial fibrillation | Guidance and guidelines | NICE.
[84]
2008. Guidelines for Management of Ischaemic Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack 2008. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 25, 5 (2008), 457–507. https://doi.org/10.1159/000131083.
