Bibliography for AMER0007: Democratization in Latin America BETA

@inbook{Agüero_2003, address={Baltimore, Md}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Chile: unfinished transition and increased political competition}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=bc61da8d-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Constructing democratic governance in Latin America}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Agüero, Felipe}, year={2003}, pages={292-424-320–432} }

@inbook{Ai Camp_2009, address={Baltimore, Md}, title={Democracy Redux? Mexico’s Voters and the 2006 Presidential Race}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=6eafabad-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Consolidating Mexico’s democracy: the 2006 presidential campaign in comparative perspective}, publisher={John Hopkins University Press}, author={Ai Camp, Roderic}, year={2009}, pages={29-49-306–311} }

@inbook{Alan Angell_1995, address={Cambridge}, title={The Left in Latin America since c. 1920}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-latin-america/left-in-latin-america-since-c-1920/D9EB4BFAE5637CAF27553D034DB00A0E}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Alan Angell}, editor={Leslie Bethell}, year={1995}, pages={163–232} }

@inbook{Alan Angell_2010, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Democratic governance in Chile}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a7d3f261-d01e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Democratic governance in Latin America}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Alan Angell}, year={2010}, pages={269–306} }

@article{Alan Angell_Benny Pollack_1990, title={The Chilean elections of 1989 and the politics of the transition to democracy}, volume={9}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3338214}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Alan Angell and Benny Pollack}, year={1990}, pages={1–23} }

@article{Alan Angell_Benny Pollack_2000, title={The Chilean presidential elections of 1999-2000 and democratic consolidation}, volume={19}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3339299}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Alan Angell and Benny Pollack}, year={2000}, pages={357–378} }

@inbook{Alejandro Moreno_2001, address={[Pittsburgh]}, title={Democracy and Mass Belief Systems in Latin America}, volume={Pitt Latin American series}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjp4v.4}, booktitle={Citizen views of democracy in Latin America}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={Alejandro Moreno}, year={2001}, pages={25–50} }

@article{Alexander Wilde_2000, title={Irruptions of Memory: Expressive  Politics in Chile’s Transition to  Democracy}, volume={31}, url={http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=16647&fulltextType=SC&fileId=S0022216X99005349}, number={02}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Alexander Wilde}, year={2000}, pages={473–500} }

@book{Alexandra Barahona de Brito_1997, address={Oxford}, title={Human rights and democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile}, volume={Oxford studies in democratization}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198280386.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Alexandra Barahona de Brito}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Alfred C. Stepan_1988, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={The military in newly democratic regimes: the dimension of military prerogatives}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv15r5d8r.11}, DOI={10.2307/j.ctv15r5d8r.11}, booktitle={Rethinking military politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Alfred C. Stepan}, year={1988}, pages={93–127} }

@article{Alfred Stepan_Cindy Skach_1993, title={Constitutional frameworks and democratic consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus presidentialism}, volume={46}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2950664}, number={1}, journal={World Politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Alfred Stepan and Cindy Skach}, year={1993}, pages={1–22} }

@article{Alfredo Alejandro Gugliano_Carlos Artur Gallo_2013, title={On the Ruins of the Democratic Transition: Human Rights as an Agenda Item in Abeyance for the Brazilian Democracy}, volume={32}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2013/32/3}, DOI={10.1111/blar.12034}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Alfredo Alejandro Gugliano and Carlos Artur Gallo}, year={2013}, pages={325–338} }

@inbook{Alisha C. Holland_2016, address={Cambridge}, title={Insurgent Successor Parties: Scaling Down to Build a Party after War}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/challenges-of-partybuilding-in-latin-america/insurgent-successor-parties/AA98AF3E8364B63135B44DA6201921F6}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781316550564.010}, booktitle={Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Alisha C. Holland}, editor={Steven Levitsky and James Loxton and Brandon Van Dyck and Jorge I Dominguez}, year={2016}, pages={245–272} }

@book{Alvarez_1990, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Engendering democracy in Brazil: women’s movements in transition politics}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Alvarez, Sonia E.}, year={1990} }

@article{Amaury de Souza_2011, title={The Politics of Personality in Brazil}, volume={22}, url={https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/22789}, DOI={10.1353/jod.2011.0024}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Amaury de Souza}, year={2011}, pages={75–88} }

@book{Andersen_2010, address={Lanham, MD}, title={Peoples of the Earth: ethnonationalism, democracy, and the indigenous challenge in ‘Latin’ America}, publisher={Lexington Books}, author={Andersen, Martin Edwin}, year={2010} }

@inbook{Anderson_1995, address={Chapel Hill}, edition={New&enl. ed}, title={Elections and public opinion in the development of Nicaraguan democracy}, booktitle={Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Anderson, Leslie}, year={1995}, pages={84–102} }

@book{Anderson_Dodd_2005, address={Chicago}, title={Learning democracy: citizen engagement and electoral choice in Nicaragua, 1990-2001}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Anderson, Leslie and Dodd, Lawrence C.}, year={2005} }

@article{Andrew F. Cooper_2005, title={A tale of two mesas: The OAS defense of democracy in Peru and Venezuela}, volume={11}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/27800584}, number={4}, journal={Global Governance}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Andrew F. Cooper}, year={2005}, pages={425–444} }

@article{Angélica Durán-Martínez, title={Presidents, Parties, and Referenda in Latin America}, volume={45}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/45/9}, DOI={10.1177/0010414011434010}, number={9}, journal={Comparative political studies}, publisher={Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage Publications}, author={Angélica Durán-Martínez}, pages={1159–1187} }

@article{Angelika Rettberg_2007, title={The private sector and peace in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Colombia}, volume={39}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/40056541}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Angelika Rettberg}, year={2007}, pages={463–494} }

@inbook{Angell_1991, address={Cambridge}, title={Chile since 1958}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139055246A011}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521266529.007}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Angell, Alan}, editor={Bethell, Leslie}, year={1991}, pages={311–382} }

@inbook{Angell_2007, address={London}, title={The Pinochet factor in Chilean politics}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=f3c9429d-8f36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Democracy after Pinochet: politics, parties and elections in Chile}, publisher={Institute for the Study of the Americas}, author={Angell, Alan E.}, year={2007}, pages={139–162} }

@article{Anibal Romero_1997, title={Rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic: The agony of democracy in Venezuela}, volume={32}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2504044}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={The Latin American Studies Association}, author={Anibal Romero}, year={1997}, pages={7–36} }

@article{Anita Breuer, title={The problematic relation between direct democracy and accountability in Latin America: Evidence from the Bolivian case}, volume={27}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2008/27/1}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00254.x}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Anita Breuer}, pages={1–23} }

@article{Anthony Hall, title={From Fome Zero to Bolsa Família: Social policies and poverty alleviation under Lula}, volume={38}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/6000664124EFDF86FA32017F3DA8F525}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X0600157X}, number={04}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Anthony Hall}, pages={689–709} }

@misc{Arnson_Tulchin_1995, title={Nicaragua’s search for democratic consensus}, url={https://www.wilsoncenter.org/}, number={Issue 213 of Working papers, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Latin American Program}, publisher={Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars}, author={Arnson, Cynthia and Tulchin, Joseph S. and Woodrow Wilson International Center For Scholars. Latin American Program}, year={1995} }

@article{Arturo Fontaine Talavera, title={Chile’s Elections: The New Face of the New Right}, volume={11}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v011/11.2fontaine_talavera.html}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, publisher={The Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Arturo Fontaine Talavera}, pages={70–77} }

@inbook{Arturo Valenzuela_1994, address={Baltimore}, title={Party politics and the failure of presidentialism in Chile}, volume={Vol. 2}, booktitle={The failure of presidential democracy: The Case of Latin America}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Arturo Valenzuela}, year={1994} }

@article{Arturo Valenzuela_1997, title={Paraguay: The coup that didn’t happen}, volume={8}, url={https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/989}, DOI={10.1353/jod.1997.0014}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Arturo Valenzuela}, year={1997}, pages={43–55} }

@inbook{Arturo_1999, address={Boulder}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Chile: Origins and consolidation of a Latin American democracy}, booktitle={Democracy in developing countries: Latin America}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Arturo, Valenzuela}, year={1999}, pages={120–247} }

@inbook{Baiocchi_2003, address={London}, title={The long march through institutions: Lessons from the PT in power}, booktitle={Radicals in power: the Workers’ Party (PT) and experiments in urban democracy}, publisher={Zed Books}, author={Baiocchi, Gianpaolo}, year={2003}, pages={206–226} }

@book{Barry Ames_2001, address={Ann Arbor}, title={The deadlock of democracy in Brazil}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780472021437/}, publisher={University of Michigan Press}, author={Barry Ames}, year={2001} }

@article{Barry Cannon, title={Venezuela, April 2002: Coup or popular rebellion? The myth of a united Venezuela}, volume={23}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/3}, DOI={10.1111/j.0261-3050.2004.00109.x}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Barry Cannon}, pages={285–302} }

@inbook{Beasley-Murray_2010, address={Boulder [Colo.]}, title={Constituent power and the Caracazo: The exemplary case of Venezuela}, booktitle={Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Beasley-Murray, Jon}, year={2010}, pages={127–144} }

@article{Benjamin Goldfrank_2007, title={The politics of deepening local democracy: Decentralization, party institutionalization, and participation}, volume={39}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434031}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Benjamin Goldfrank}, year={2007}, pages={147–168} }

@inbook{Bolívar Lamounier_2013, address={Baltimore}, edition={Fourth edition}, title={Brazil: An Assessment of the Cardoso Administration}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Constructing democratic governance in Latin America}, publisher={The John Hopkins University Press}, author={Bolívar Lamounier}, editor={Jorge I. Domínguez and Michael Shifter}, year={2013}, pages={269–291} }

@book{Booth_1982, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={The end and the beginning: the Nicaraguan Revolution}, volume={Westview special studies on Latin America and the Caribbean}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Booth, John A.}, year={1982} }

@book{Brading_2013, address={New York}, title={Populism in Venezuela}, volume={Routledge studies in Latin American politics}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Brading, Ryan}, year={2013} }

@article{Brian F. Crisp_1998, title={Democratizing the democracy? Crisis and reform in Venezuela}, volume={40}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/166373}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami}, author={Brian F. Crisp}, year={1998}, pages={27–61} }

@article{Brian Loveman_1986, title={Military dictatorship and political opposition in Chile, 1973-1986}, volume={28}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/165745}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami}, author={Brian Loveman}, year={1986}, pages={1–38} }

@article{Brian Loveman_1991, title={Mision cumplida? Civil military relations and the Chilean political transition}, volume={33}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/165933}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami}, author={Brian Loveman}, year={1991}, pages={35–74} }

@article{Brian, Wampler_2004, title={Participatory publics: Civil society and new institutions in democratic Brazil}, volume={36}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4150132}, number={3}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Brian, Wampler}, year={2004}, pages={291–312} }

@article{Brian Wampler_2008a, title={When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil}, volume={41}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434105}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Brian Wampler}, year={2008}, pages={61–81} }

@article{Brian Wampler_2008b, title={When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil}, volume={41}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434105}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Brian Wampler}, year={2008}, pages={61–81} }

@article{Brian Wampler_2008c, title={When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil}, volume={41}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434105}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Brian Wampler}, year={2008}, pages={61–81} }

@book{Bruhn_1997, address={University Park}, title={Taking on Goliath: the emergence of a new left party and the struggle for democracy in Mexico}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Bruhn, Kathleen}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Bruneau_1992, address={Cambridge}, title={Brazil’s political transition}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173902.010}, booktitle={Elites and democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bruneau, Thomas}, year={1992}, pages={257–281} }

@article{Bryan T. Froehle_1994, title={Religious competition, community building, and democracy in Latin America: Grassroots religious organizations in Venezuela}, volume={55}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3711854}, number={2}, journal={Sociology of Religion}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bryan T. Froehle}, year={1994}, pages={145–162} }

@book{Brysk_1994, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={The politics of human rights in Argentina: protest, change, and democratization}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Brysk, Alison}, year={1994} }

@book{Buxton_2001, address={Aldershot}, title={The failure of political reform in Venezuela}, volume={The political economy of Latin America series}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Buxton, Julia}, year={2001} }

@book{Cameron_Hershberg_2010, address={Boulder [Colo.]}, title={Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Cameron, Maxwell A. and Hershberg, Eric}, year={2010} }

@inbook{Camp_1995, address={Albuquerque}, edition={1st ed}, title={The PAN’s social bases: Implications for leadership}, booktitle={Opposition government in Mexico}, publisher={University of New Mexico Press}, author={Camp, Roderic Ai}, year={1995}, pages={65–80} }

@book{Cannon_2009, address={Manchester}, title={Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution: populism and democracy in a globalised age}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt155jdtm}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Cannon, Barry}, year={2009} }

@article{Carles Boix_Susan C. Stokes_2003, title={Endogenous democratization}, volume={55}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/25054237}, number={4}, journal={World Politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes}, year={2003}, pages={517–549} }

@inbook{Carlos H. Waisman_1999, address={Boulder}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Argentina: Capitalism and democracy}, booktitle={Democracy in developing countries: Latin America}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Carlos H. Waisman}, year={1999}, pages={71–130} }

@article{Carlos Pereira_Marcus Andre Melo, title={The Surprising Success of Multiparty Presidentialism}, volume={23}, url={http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/surprising-success-multiparty-presidentialism}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, publisher={Washington, DC : National Endowment for Democracy}, author={Carlos Pereira and Marcus Andre Melo}, pages={156–170} }

@inbook{Carlos S. Nino_1996, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={Hyper-presidentialism and constitutional reform in Argentina}, volume={Latin America in global perspective}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780429499784/institutional-design-new-democracies-arend-lijphart-carlos-waisman}, booktitle={Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Carlos S. Nino}, year={1996}, pages={161–174} }

@article{Carlos Santiso_2002, title={Promoting democratic governance and preventing the Recurrence of conflict: The role of the United Nations Development Programme in post-conflict peace-building}, volume={34}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875461}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Carlos Santiso}, year={2002}, pages={555–586} }

@article{Caroline C. Beer_Roderic Ai Camp_2016, title={Democracy, gender quotas, and political recruitment in Mexico}, volume={4}, url={https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rpgi20/4/2}, DOI={10.1080/21565503.2015.1120223}, number={2}, journal={Politics, Groups, and Identities}, author={Caroline C. Beer and Roderic Ai Camp}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={179–195} }

@book{Carothers_1999, address={Washington, DC}, title={Aiding democracy abroad: the learning curve}, publisher={Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}, author={Carothers, Thomas}, year={1999} }

@book{Carothers_1991, address={Berkeley}, title={In the name of democracy: U.S. policy toward Latin America in the Reagan years}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Carothers, Tom H.}, year={1991} }

@book{Castañeda_Morales_2008, address={New York}, title={Leftovers: tales of the Latin American left}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Castañeda, Jorge G. and Morales, Marco A.}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Cavarozzi_1986, address={Baltimore}, title={Political cycles in Argentina since 1955}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a62863ab-212d-ed11-bd6e-0050f2f06092}, booktitle={Transitions from authoritarian rule - Latin America}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Cavarozzi, Marcelo}, year={1986}, pages={19–48} }

@book{Cavarozzi_Garreton Merino_1989, address={[Santiago, Chile]}, title={Muerte y resurrección: los partidos políticos en el autoritarismo y las transiciones del Cono Sur}, volume={Serie Libros FLACSO-Chile}, publisher={Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales}, author={Cavarozzi, Marcelo and Garreton Merino, Manuel A.}, year={1989} }

@article{César Cansino_1995, title={Party government in Latin America: Theoretical guidelines for an empirical analysis}, volume={16}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/1601457}, number={2}, journal={International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique}, publisher={Sage Publications, Ltd.}, author={César Cansino}, year={1995}, pages={169–182} }

@article{Cesar Zucco, title={The president’s ‘new’ constituency: Lula and the pragmatic vote in Brazil’s 2006 presidential elections}, volume={40}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/article/presidents-new-constituency-lula-and-the-pragmatic-vote-in-brazils-2006-presidential-elections/77CEF303DEFB36ABB1D572832F706B0D#}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X07003628}, number={01}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Cesar Zucco}, pages={29–49} }

@article{Charles T. Call_2002, title={War transitions and the new civilian security in Latin America}, volume={35}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4146925}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Charles T. Call}, year={2002}, pages={1–20} }

@article{Charles T. Call_2003, title={Democratisation, war and state-building: Constructing the rule of law in El Salvador}, volume={35}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875834}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Charles T. Call}, year={2003}, pages={827–862} }

@article{Christian Smith_1994, title={The spirit and democracy: Base communities, Protestantism, and democratization in Latin America}, volume={55}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3711853}, number={2}, journal={Sociology of Religion}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Christian Smith}, year={1994}, pages={119–143} }

@article{Claudio A. Holzner, title={The Poverty of Democracy: Neoliberal Reforms and Political Participation of the Poor in Mexico}, volume={49}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/7EF18403513014BE4F87A387EF76A57E}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00408.x}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Claudio A. Holzner}, pages={87–122} }

@article{Claudio A. Holzner, title={Authoritarian Legacies and Democratic Consolidation in Mexico}, volume={51}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/B132A9A3394F27B820682F901E24CC5F}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2009.00059.x}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Claudio A. Holzner}, pages={143–159} }

@book{Coppedge_1992, address={Ann Arbor, Mich}, title={Strong parties and lame ducks: a study of the quality and stability of Venezuelan democracy}, publisher={UMI}, author={Coppedge, Michael John}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Correa_1993, address={Liverpool, UK}, title={The Chilean Right after Pinochet}, volume={Monograph series (University of Liverpool. Institute of Latin American Studies)}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=658f1591-0a1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={The legacy of dictatorship: political, economic and social change in Pinochet’s Chile}, publisher={Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Liverpool}, author={Correa, Sofía}, year={1993}, pages={164–174} }

@inbook{Covarrubias_2001, address={México, D.F.}, edition={1 ed}, title={El ámbito internacional y el proceso de cambio político en México}, booktitle={Caminos a la democracia}, publisher={Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Colegio de México}, author={Covarrubias, Ana}, year={2001} }

@article{Craig Arceneaux_2007, title={Issues, threats, and institutions: Explaining OAS responses to democratic dilemmas in Latin America}, volume={49}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490521}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Craig Arceneaux}, year={2007}, pages={1–31} }

@article{D. Xavier Medina Vidal_Antonio Ugues Jr._Shaun Bowler_Jonathan Hiskey, title={Partisan Attachment and Democracy in Mexico: Some Cautionary Observations}, volume={52}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/E416F6A7E7CEC326E92730DFC2CDF6F8}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00074.x}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={D. Xavier Medina Vidal and Antonio Ugues Jr. and Shaun Bowler and Jonathan Hiskey}, pages={63–87} }

@article{Damarys Canache_2002, title={From bullets to ballots: The emergence of popular support for Hugo Chávez}, volume={44}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3177111}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Damarys Canache}, year={2002}, pages={69–90} }

@article{Damarys Canache, title={Citizens’ Conceptualizations of Democracy: Structured Complexity, Substantive Context, and Political Significance}, volume={45}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/45/9}, DOI={10.1177/0010414011434009}, number={9}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Damarys Canache}, pages={1132–1158} }

@article{Damarys Canache, title={The Meanings of Democracy in Venezuela: Citizen Perceptions and Structural Change}, volume={54}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/AB8D7106503F254ADC3661B29BEB1929}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00166.x}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Damarys Canache}, pages={95–122} }

@article{Daniel Altschuler_Javier Corrales_2012, title={The Spillover Effects of Participatory Governance: Evidence from Community-Managed Schools in Honduras and Guatemala}, volume={45}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/46/5}, DOI={10.1177/0010414011427133}, number={5}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, publisher={Beverly Hills, Calif. Sage Publications}, author={Daniel Altschuler and Javier Corrales}, year={2012}, pages={636–666} }

@article{Daniel H. Levine_1985, title={The transition to democracy: are there lessons from Venezuela?}, volume={4}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3338315}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Daniel H. Levine}, year={1985}, pages={47–61} }

@article{Daniel H. Levine_1994, title={Goodbye to Venezuelan exceptionalism}, volume={36}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/166321}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami}, author={Daniel H. Levine}, year={1994}, pages={145–182} }

@article{Daniel H. Levine_2002, title={The decline and fall of democracy in Venezuela: Ten theses}, volume={21}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3339455}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Daniel H. Levine}, year={2002}, pages={248–269} }

@inbook{Daniel H. Levine_Scott Mainwaring_2001, address={Berkeley}, edition={Updated and expanded ed}, title={Religion and Popular Protest in Latin America: Contrasting Experiences}, url={https://www-degruyter-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/document/doi/10.1525/9780520352148/html}, DOI={10.1525/9780520352148-010}, booktitle={Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Daniel H. Levine and Scott Mainwaring}, year={2001}, pages={203–240} }

@book{Daniel Hellinger_David Smilde_2011, address={Durham, NC}, title={Venezuela’s Bolivarian democracy: participation, politics, and culture under Chávez}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780822394310/}, publisher={Duke University Press}, author={Daniel Hellinger and David Smilde}, year={2011} }

@article{Dankwart A. Rustow_1970, title={Transitions to democracy: Toward a dynamic model}, volume={2}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/421307}, number={3}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Dankwart A. Rustow}, year={1970}, pages={337–363} }

@article{Darren Hawkins_2008, title={Protecting democracy in Europe and the Americas}, volume={62}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/40071898}, number={3}, journal={International Organization}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darren Hawkins}, year={2008}, pages={373–403} }

@article{Darren Wallis_2001, title={The Mexican presidential and congressional elections of 2000 and democratic transition}, volume={20}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3339731}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Darren Wallis}, year={2001}, pages={304–323} }

@inbook{David A. Shirk_2001, address={San Diego}, title={Mexico’s democratization and the organizational development of the National Action Party}, volume={U.S.-Mexico contemporary perspectives series}, booktitle={Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional}, publisher={Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California}, author={David A. Shirk}, year={2001}, pages={95–128} }

@article{David Doyle, title={The Legitimacy of Political Institutions: Explaining Contemporary Populism in Latin America}, volume={44}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/44/11}, DOI={10.1177/0010414011407469}, number={11}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={David Doyle}, pages={1447–1473} }

@article{David Pion-Berlin_1992, title={Military autonomy and emerging democracies in South America}, volume={25}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422098}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={David Pion-Berlin}, year={1992}, pages={83–102} }

@article{David Pion-Berlin_2009, title={Between confrontation and accommodation: Military and government policy in democratic Argentina}, volume={23}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/8E7FBCE207947ADAE8F74A7519FF21E3}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X00015844}, number={03}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={David Pion-Berlin}, year={2009}, pages={543–571} }

@article{Deborah J. Yashar_1998, title={Contesting citizenship: Indigenous movements and democracy in Latin America}, volume={31}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422104}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Deborah J. Yashar}, year={1998}, pages={23–42} }

@article{Deborah J. Yashar, title={Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America}, volume={52}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054101}, number={1}, journal={World Politics}, author={Deborah J. Yashar}, pages={76–104} }

@article{Deborah L. Norden_1990, title={Democratic consolidation and military professionalism: Argentina in the 1980s}, volume={32}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/166091}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami}, author={Deborah L. Norden}, year={1990}, pages={151–176} }

@article{Deborah L. Norden_1998, title={Democracy and military control in Venezuela: From subordination to insurrection}, volume={33}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2504065}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={The Latin American Studies Association}, author={Deborah L. Norden}, year={1998}, pages={143–165} }

@article{Denise M. Walsh_2012, title={Does the Quality of Democracy Matter for Women’s Rights? Just Debate and Democratic Transition in Chile and South Africa}, volume={45}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/45/11}, DOI={10.1177/0010414012437165}, number={11}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, publisher={Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage Publications}, author={Denise M. Walsh}, year={2012}, pages={1323–1350} }

@article{Dexter S. Boniface_2002, title={Is there a democratic norm in the Americas? An analysis of the organization of American states}, volume={8}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/27800350}, number={3}, journal={Global Governance}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Dexter S. Boniface}, year={2002}, pages={365–381} }

@inbook{Diamond_Hartlyn_Linz_1999, address={Boulder}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Introduction: Politics, society, and democracy in Latin America}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b21150d4-231e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Democracy in developing countries: Latin America}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Diamond, Larry and Hartlyn, Jonathan and Linz, Juan J.}, year={1999}, pages={1–70} }

@inbook{Dietrich Rueschemeyer_1992, address={Chicago}, title={Introduction: the Problem of Capitalist Development and Democracy}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0b3a704f-4e36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Capitalist development and democracy}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Dietrich Rueschemeyer}, year={1992}, pages={1-11–309} }

@book{Dietz_Shidlo_1998, address={Wilmington, Del}, title={Urban elections in democratic Latin America}, volume={Latin American silhouettes}, publisher={Scholarly Resources}, author={Dietz, Henry A. and Shidlo, Gil}, year={1998} }

@book{Diez_2015, address={Cambridge}, title={The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316162804}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781316162804}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Diez, Jordi}, year={2015} }

@article{Dinorah Azpuru, title={The Salience of Ideology: Fifteen Years of Presidential Elections in El Salvador}, volume={52}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/396E17C3C77246FB3CB3702525E8C602}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00083.x}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Dinorah Azpuru}, pages={103–138} }

@article{Do Amaral, Oswaldo Epower, Timothy, J, title={The PT at 35: Revisiting Scholarly Interpretations of the Brazilian Workers’ Party}, volume={48}, url={https://search.proquest.com/docview/1756475771?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14511}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Do Amaral, Oswaldo Epower, Timothy, J}, pages={147–171} }

@book{Domínguez_Lievesley_Ludlam_2011, address={London}, title={Right-wing politics in the new Latin America: reaction and revolt}, publisher={Zed}, author={Domínguez, Francisco and Lievesley, Geraldine and Ludlam, Steve}, year={2011} }

@book{Domínguez_Lawson_2004, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Mexico’s pivotal democratic election: candidates, voters, and the presidential campaign of 2000}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Domínguez, Jorge I. and Lawson, Chappell H.}, year={2004} }

@book{Domínguez_McCann_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={Democratizing Mexico: public opinion and electoral choices}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Domínguez, Jorge I. and McCann, James A.}, year={1996} }

@book{Domínguez_Poiré_Conference on Mexican Democratization_1999, address={New York}, title={Toward Mexico’s democratization: parties, campaigns, elections, and public opinion}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Domínguez, Jorge I. and Poiré, Alejandro and Conference on Mexican Democratization}, year={1999} }

@book{Donna Lee Van Cott_2005, address={Cambridge}, title={From Movements to Parties in Latin America}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511756115}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511756115}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Donna Lee Van Cott}, year={2005} }

@book{Donna Lee Van Cott_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={Radical Democracy in the Andes}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790560}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Donna Lee Van Cott}, year={2008} }

@article{Donna Lee Van Cott, title={Institutional Change and Ethnic Parties in South America}, volume={45}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/A277A85806DA6A9495D995C97C0D7447}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00239.x}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Florida : University of Miami}, author={Donna Lee Van Cott}, pages={1–39} }

@article{Douglas A. Chalmers_Craig H. Robinson_1982, title={Why power contenders choose liberalization: Perspectives from South America}, volume={26}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2600597}, number={1}, journal={International Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Douglas A. Chalmers and Craig H. Robinson}, year={1982}, pages={3–36} }

@book{Drake_Jaksic_1991, address={Lincoln, Neb}, title={The struggle for democracy in Chile, 1982-1990}, volume={Latin American studies series}, publisher={University of Nebraska Press}, author={Drake, Paul W. and Jaksic, Ivan}, year={1991} }

@book{Drake_Silva_Middlebrook_University of California_1986, address={San Diego, Calif}, title={Elections and democratization in Latin America, 1980-1985}, publisher={Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies, University of California}, author={Drake, Paul W. and Silva, Eduardo and Middlebrook, Kevin J. and University of California}, year={1986} }

@inbook{Dresser_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={Treading lightly and without a stick: International actors and the promotion of democracy in Mexico}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Dresser, Denise}, year={1996}, pages={316–342} }

@inbook{Eaton_2014, address={Baltimore}, title={New Strategies of the Latin American Right: Beyond Parties and Elections}, booktitle={The resilience of the Latin American right}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Eaton, Kent}, editor={Luna, Juan Pablo and Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal}, year={2014}, pages={75–93} }

@inbook{Elisabeth J. Wood_2000, address={Baltimore}, title={Civil war and the transformation of elite representation in El Salvador}, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=75734&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_223}, booktitle={Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Elisabeth J. Wood}, year={2000}, pages={223–254} }

@article{Elizabeth Jelin_1994, title={The politics of memory: The human rights movements and the construction of democracy in Argentina}, volume={21}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2633874}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Perspectives}, publisher={Sage Publications, Inc.}, author={Elizabeth Jelin}, year={1994}, pages={38–58} }

@article{Ellner, title={Latin America’s Radical Left in Power: Complexities and Challenges in the Twenty-first Century}, volume={40}, DOI={10.1177/0094582X13478398}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Perspectives}, author={Ellner, S.}, pages={5–25} }

@article{Ellner_Rosen_2002, title={Chavismo at the crossroads: Hardliners, moderates and a regime under attack}, volume={35}, url={http://search.proquest.com/docview/748678327?accountid=14511}, number={6}, journal={NACLA report on the Americas}, publisher={North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)}, author={Ellner, Steven B. and Rosen, Fred}, year={2002}, pages={8–12} }

@article{Encarnación_2011, title={Latin America’s Gay Rights Revolution}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1353/jod.2011.0029}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Encarnación, Omar G.}, year={2011}, pages={104–118} }

@book{Encarnación_2016, title={Out in the Periphery}, url={http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199356645.001.0001/acprof-9780199356645}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199356645.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Encarnación, Omar G.}, year={2016}, month={Mar} }

@inbook{Enrique A. Baloyra-Herp_1995, address={Chapel Hill}, edition={New&enl. ed}, title={Elections, civil war, and transition in El Salvador, 1982-1994}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1a2bf9f1-cf1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Enrique A. Baloyra-Herp}, year={1995}, pages={45–65} }

@article{Enrique Peruzzotti_2001, title={The nature of the new Argentine democracy. The delegative democracy argument revisited}, volume={33}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3653649}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Enrique Peruzzotti}, year={2001}, pages={133–155} }

@book{Epstein_1992, address={Westport, Conn}, title={The new Argentine democracy: the search for a successful formula}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Epstein, Edward C.}, year={1992} }

@book{Escobar_Alvarez_1992, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={The Making of social movements in Latin America: identity, strategy, and democracy}, volume={Series in political economy and economic development in Latin America}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Escobar, Arturo and Alvarez, Sonia E.}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Ewell_1991, address={Cambridge}, title={Venezuela since 1930}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139055246A020}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521266529.014}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Ewell, Judith}, editor={Bethell, Leslie}, year={1991}, pages={727–790} }

@article{Fabrice Lehoucj_Aníbal Pérez-Líñan, title={Breaking Out of the Coup Trap: Competition and Military Coups in Latin America}, volume={47}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/47/8}, DOI={10.1177/0010414013488561}, number={8}, journal={Comparative political studies}, publisher={Beverly Hills, Calif. Sage Publications}, author={Fabrice Lehoucj and Aníbal Pérez-Líñan}, pages={1105–1129} }

@book{Farer_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Farer, Tom J.}, year={1996} }

@book{Fernandes_2010, title={Who Can Stop the Drums? Urban Social Movements in Chávez’s Venezuela}, url={http://read.dukeupress.edu/lookup/doi/10.1215/9780822391708}, DOI={10.1215/9780822391708}, publisher={Duke University Press}, author={Fernandes, Sujatha}, year={2010}, month={Mar} }

@inbook{Fitch_1992, address={Chapel Hill}, title={Democracy, human rights, and the armed forces in Latin America}, booktitle={The United States and Latin America in the 1990s: beyond the cold war}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Fitch, J. Samuel}, year={1992}, pages={181–213} }

@article{Flores-Macías_2013, title={Mexico’s 2012 Elections: The Return of the PRI}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1353/jod.2013.0006}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Flores-Macías, Gustavo}, year={2013}, pages={128–141} }

@article{Flores-Macías_2016, title={Mexico’s Stalled Reforms}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1353/jod.2016.0022}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Flores-Macías, Gustavo A.}, year={2016}, pages={66–78} }

@article{Forrest D. Colburn_Arturo S. Cruz, title={Personalism and Populism in Nicaragua}, volume={23}, url={http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/personalism-and-populism-nicaragua}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Forrest D. Colburn and Arturo S. Cruz}, pages={104–118} }

@inbook{Forsythe_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={The United Nations, democracy, and the Americas}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Forsythe, David P.}, year={1996}, pages={107–131} }

@article{Frances Hagopian, title={‘Democracy by undemocratic means’?: Elites, political pacts, and regime transition in Brazil}, volume={23}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/23/2}, DOI={10.1177/0010414090023002001}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Frances Hagopian}, pages={147–170} }

@article{Franceschet_Piscopo, title={Gender Quotas and Women’s Substantive Representation: Lessons from Argentina}, volume={4}, url={https://search.proquest.com/docview/194669593?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14511}, number={3}, journal={Politics & Gender}, author={Franceschet, Susan and Piscopo, Jennifer M}, pages={393–425} }

@inbook{French_2010a, address={Madrid}, title={The professor and the worker: Using Brazil to better understand Latin America’s plural left}, volume={South by Midwest}, booktitle={Rethinking intellectuals in Latin America}, publisher={Iberoamericana}, author={French, John D.}, year={2010} }

@inbook{French_2010b, address={Boulder [Colo.]}, title={Many lefts, One path? Chávez and Lula}, booktitle={Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={French, John D.}, year={2010}, pages={41–60} }

@article{Friedman_Hochstetler_2002, title={Assessing the third transition in Latin American democratization: Representational regimes and civil society in Argentina and Brazil}, volume={35}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/4146926}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Friedman, Elisabeth Jay and Hochstetler, Kathryn}, year={2002}, pages={21–42} }

@book{Garretón Merino_Newman_2001, address={Tokyo}, title={Democracy in Latin America: (re)constructing political society}, volume={Changing nature of democracy}, publisher={United Nations University Press}, author={Garretón Merino, Manuel A. and Newman, Edward}, year={2001} }

@article{Georgina Waylen_1994, title={Women and democratization: Conceptualizing gender relations in transition politics}, volume={46}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2950685}, number={3}, journal={World Politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Georgina Waylen}, year={1994}, pages={327–354} }

@article{Georgina Waylen_2000a, title={Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile}, volume={32}, url={http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=59541}, number={03}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Georgina Waylen}, year={2000}, pages={765–793} }

@article{Georgina Waylen_2000b, title={Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile}, volume={32}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/158617}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Georgina Waylen}, year={2000}, pages={765–793} }

@article{Georgina Waylen, title={Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile}, volume={32}, url={http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=59541&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0022216X00005939}, number={03}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Georgina Waylen}, pages={765–793} }

@book{Gibson_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={Class and conservative parties: Argentina in comparative perspective}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Gibson, Edward L.}, year={1996} }

@book{Gilbert_1990, address={Cambridge, Mass., USA}, title={Sandinistas: the party and the revolution}, publisher={B. Blackwell}, author={Gilbert, Dennis}, year={1990} }

@article{Goldfrank_2007, title={The politics of deepening local democracy: Decentralization, party institutionalization, and participation}, volume={39}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434031}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Goldfrank, Benjamin}, year={2007}, pages={147–168} }

@book{Goodman_1994, address={Washington, D.C}, title={Lessons of the Venezuelan experience}, publisher={Woodrow Wilson Center Press}, author={Goodman, Louis Wolf}, year={1994} }

@book{Gott_2000, address={London}, title={In the shadow of the liberator: Hugo Chávez and the transformation of Venezuela}, publisher={Verso}, author={Gott, Richard}, year={2000} }

@article{Gregory Wilpert, address={London}, title={Collision in Venezuela}, url={http://newleftreview.org/II/21/gregory-wilpert-collision-in-venezuela}, number={21}, journal={New left review}, publisher={New Left Review}, author={Gregory Wilpert} }

@inbook{Guillermo_1979, address={Princeton}, title={Tensions in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State and the Question of Democracy}, booktitle={The new authoritarianism in Latin America}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Guillermo, O’Donnell}, year={1979}, pages={285–318} }

@article{Guillermo Trejo_2009, title={Religious Competition and Ethnic Mobilization in Latin America: Why the Catholic Church Promotes Indigenous Movements in Mexico}, volume={103}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/27798509?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={3}, journal={The American Political Science Review}, publisher={American Political Science AssociationAmerican Political Science Association}, author={Guillermo Trejo}, year={2009}, pages={323–342} }

@article{Günther Schönleitner_2006, title={Between liberal and participatory democracy: Tensions and dilemmas of leftist politics in Brazil}, volume={38}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875647}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Günther Schönleitner}, year={2006}, pages={35–63} }

@book{Gustavo Flores-Macias_2012, address={Oxford}, title={After neoliberalism: the left and economic reforms in Latin America}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199891658.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Gustavo Flores-Macias}, year={2012} }

@article{H. Yilmaz, title={External-internal linkages in democratization: Developing an open model of democratic change}, volume={9}, url={https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fdem20/9/2}, DOI={10.1080/714000257}, number={2}, journal={Democratization}, author={H. Yilmaz}, pages={67–84} }

@book{Haber_2006, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Power from experience: urban popular movements in late twentieth-century Mexico}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Haber, Paul}, year={2006} }

@book{Hagopian_1996, address={Cambridge}, title={Traditional politics and regime change in Brazil}, volume={Cambridge studies in comparative politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hagopian, Frances}, year={1996} }

@book{Heine_Thompson_2011, address={Tokyo}, title={Fixing Haiti: MINUSTAH and beyond}, publisher={United Nations University Press}, author={Heine, Jorge and Thompson, Andrew S.}, year={2011} }

@book{Helmke_Levitsky_2006, address={Baltimore}, title={Informal institutions and democracy: lessons from Latin America}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Helmke, Gretchen and Levitsky, Steven}, year={2006} }

@book{Herbert Kitschelt_Kirk A. Hawkins_Juan Pablo Luna_Guillermo Rosas_Elizabeth J. Zechmeister_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={Latin American Party Systems}, volume={Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750311}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Herbert Kitschelt and Kirk A. Hawkins and Juan Pablo Luna and Guillermo Rosas and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister}, year={2010} }

@book{Hillman_Peeler_Cardozo de Da Silva_2002, address={Westport, Conn}, title={Democracy and human rights in Latin America}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Hillman, Richard S. and Peeler, John A. and Cardozo de Da Silva, Elsa}, year={2002} }

@article{Hochstetler_2008, title={Can civil society organizations solve the crisis of partisan representation in Latin America?}, volume={50}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130855}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hochstetler, Kathryn}, year={2008}, pages={1–32} }

@article{Horton_2007, title={After Democracy: Advances and Challenges for Women’s Movements in Latin America}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1353/lap.2007.0004}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics & Society}, author={Horton, Lynn}, year={2007}, pages={165–176} }

@book{Htun_2016a, address={Cambridge}, title={Inclusion without Representation in Latin America}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139021067}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139021067}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Htun, Mala}, year={2016} }

@book{Htun_2016b, address={Cambridge}, title={Inclusion without Representation in Latin America}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139021067}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139021067}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Htun, Mala}, year={2016} }

@book{Huber_Stephens_2012, address={Chicago}, title={Democracy and the left: social policy and inequality in Latin America}, publisher={The University of Chicago Press}, author={Huber, Evelyne and Stephens, John D.}, year={2012} }

@book{Hunter_1997, address={Chapel Hill}, title={Eroding military influence in Brazil: politicians against soldiers}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Hunter, Wendy}, year={1997} }

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@inbook{2015, address={Baltimore}, title={Time to Turn Back the Clock? Retrospective Judgments of the Single-Party Era and Support for the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 2012}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421415550}, booktitle={Mexico’s evolving democracy: a comparative study of the 2012 elections}, publisher={John Hopkins University Press}, author={James A. McCann}, editor={Domínguez, Jorge I. and Greene, Kenneth F. and Lawson, Chappell H. and Moreno, Alejandro}, year={2015} }

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@article{James C. Cavendish_1994b, title={Christian base communities and the building of democracy: Brazil and Chile}, volume={55}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3711856}, number={2}, journal={Sociology of Religion}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={James C. Cavendish}, year={1994}, pages={179–195} }

@inbook{James Loxton_2016, title={Authoritarian Successor Parties and the New Right in Latin America}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EBC7A85E0FC57ABF5EA989FB4FFA2E1D/9781316550564c9_p245-272_CBO.pdf/authoritarian_successor_parties_and_the_new_right_in_latin_america.pdf}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781316550564}, booktitle={Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={James Loxton}, editor={Steven Levitsky and James Loxton and Brandon Van Dyke and Jorge I. Domínguez}, year={2016}, pages={245–272} }

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@article{Jana Morgan_2007, title={Partisanship during the collapse of Venezuela’s party system}, volume={42}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4499354}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={The Latin American Studies Association}, author={Jana Morgan}, year={2007}, pages={78–98} }

@article{Jana Morgan_Melissa Buice, title={Latin American Attitudes toward Women in Politics: The Influence of Elite Cues, Female Advancement, and Individual Characteristics}, volume={107}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/issue/901473A29FF4E46F92D5CA594E16E6CB}, DOI={10.1017/S0003055413000385}, number={4}, journal={American Political Science Review}, publisher={Washington, D.C., etc. American Political Science Association}, author={Jana Morgan and Melissa Buice}, pages={644–662} }

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@book{Jelin_Hershberg_1996, address={Venezuela}, edition={1. ed}, title={Construir la democracia, derechos humanos, ciudadanía y sociedad en América Latina}, publisher={Editorial Nueva Sociedad}, author={Jelin, Elizabeth and Hershberg, Eric}, year={1996} }

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@article{Jonathan T. Hiskey_Gary L. Goodman, title={The Participation Paradox of Indigenous Autonomy in Mexico}, volume={53}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/C9D5E20E1843AA5A2AC713BF738E83A9}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2011.00117.x}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Jonathan T. Hiskey and Gary L. Goodman}, pages={61–86} }

@article{Jorge G. Castañeda_2006, title={Latin America’s left turn}, volume={85}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20031965}, number={3}, journal={Foreign Affairs}, publisher={Council on Foreign Relations}, author={Jorge G. Castañeda}, year={2006}, pages={28–43} }

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@article{José Pedro Zúquete_2008a, title={The missionary politics of Hugo Chávez}, volume={50}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130840}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={José Pedro Zúquete}, year={2008}, pages={91–121} }

@article{José Pedro Zúquete_2008b, title={The missionary politics of Hugo Chávez}, volume={50}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130840}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={José Pedro Zúquete}, year={2008}, pages={91–121} }

@article{Joseph L. Klesner_2007, title={Social Capital and Political Participation in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru}, volume={42}, url={https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/11694}, DOI={10.1353/lar.2007.0022}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, author={Joseph L. Klesner}, year={2007}, pages={1–32} }

@article{Joseph L. Klesner_2009, title={Who participates? Determinants of political action in Mexico}, volume={51}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/20622726}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Joseph L. Klesner}, year={2009}, pages={59–90} }

@article{Juan Pablo Luna, title={Segmented party–voter linkages in Latin America: The case of the UDI}, volume={42}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/3534E9D8696191781BDA6D1CC4489438}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X10000465}, number={02}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Juan Pablo Luna}, pages={325–356} }

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@article{Kathleen Bruhn_2015, title={Defining the Left in Latin America}, volume={50}, url={https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/31686}, DOI={10.1353/lar.2015.0008}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, author={Kathleen Bruhn}, year={2015}, pages={242–249} }

@book{Keck_1992a, address={New Haven}, title={The Workers’ Party and democratization in Brazil}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Keck, Margaret E.}, year={1992} }

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@book{Kenneth M. Roberts_2014, address={New York}, title={Changing Course in Latin America: Party systems in the neoliberal era}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511842856}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511842856}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kenneth M. Roberts}, year={2014} }

@article{Kenneth M. Roberts, title={Market Reform, Programmatic (De)alignment, and Party System Stability in Latin America}, volume={46}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/46/11}, DOI={10.1177/0010414012453449}, number={11}, journal={Comparative political studies}, publisher={Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage Publications}, author={Kenneth M. Roberts}, pages={1422–1452} }

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@inbook{Kevin J. Middlebrook_2000, address={Baltimore}, title={Introduction: Conservative Parties, Elite Representation, and Democracy in Latin America}, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=75734&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_1}, booktitle={Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Kevin J. Middlebrook}, year={2000}, pages={1–50} }

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@inbook{Kurt Wayland_2005, address={New York}, title={The growing sustainability of Brazil’s low-quality democracy}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791116}, booktitle={The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kurt Wayland}, year={2005}, pages={120–190} }

@article{Kurt Weyland_1996, title={Obstacles to social reform in Brazil’s new democracy}, volume={29}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422180}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Kurt Weyland}, year={1996}, pages={1–22} }

@article{Kurt Weyland_1997, title={The Brazilian state in the new democracy}, volume={39}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/166424}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami}, author={Kurt Weyland}, year={1997}, pages={63–94} }

@inbook{Lamounier_1992, address={Oxford}, title={Presidentialism and parliamentarism in Brazil}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=7c211100-0b1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Parliamentary versus presidential government}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Lamounier, Bolivar}, year={1992}, pages={133–136} }

@inbook{Lamounier_1999, address={Boulder}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Brazil: Inequality against democracy}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=09dd7698-221e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Democracy in developing countries: Latin America}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Lamounier, Bolívar}, year={1999}, pages={131–189} }

@inbook{Lamounier_2013, address={Baltimore}, edition={Fourth edition}, title={Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Constructing democratic governance in Latin America}, publisher={The John Hopkins University Press}, author={Lamounier, Bolívar}, editor={Domínguez, Jorge I. and Shifter, Michael}, year={2013} }

@inbook{Lars Schoutlz_2002, address={Westport, Conn}, title={Evolving concepts of intervention: Promoting democracy}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=f9e6f47e-cc1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={The globalization of U.S.-Latin American relations: democracy, intervention, and human rights}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Lars Schoutlz}, year={2002}, pages={27–45} }

@inbook{Laurence Whitehead_1994, address={San Diego}, title={Prospects for a ‘transition’ from authoritarian rule in Mexico}, volume={U.S.-Mexico contemporary perspectives series}, booktitle={The politics of economic restructuring: state-society relations and regime change in Mexico}, publisher={Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego}, author={Laurence Whitehead}, editor={Maria Lorena Cook and Kevin J. Middlebrook and Juan Molinar Horcasitas}, year={1994}, pages={327–346} }

@inbook{Laurence Whitehead_2001, address={Oxford}, edition={Expanded ed}, title={Three international dimensions of democratization}, volume={Oxford studies in democratization}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199243751.001.0001}, DOI={10.1093/0199243751.003.0001}, booktitle={The international dimensions of democratization: Europe and the Americas}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Laurence Whitehead}, year={2001}, pages={3–25} }

@inbook{Laurence Whitehead_2002, title={On ‘Democracy’ and ‘Democratization’}, url={https://academic.oup.com/book/2667}, DOI={10.1093/0199253285.003.0002}, booktitle={Democratization: Theory and Experience}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Laurence Whitehead}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={6–35} }

@book{Lawson_2002, address={Berkeley, Calif}, title={Building the fourth estate: democratization and the rise of a free press in Mexico}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Lawson, Chappell H.}, year={2002} }

@book{Legler_Lean_Boniface_2007, address={Baltimore}, title={Promoting democracy in the Americas}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Legler, Thomas F. and Lean, Sharon Frances and Boniface, Dexter S.}, year={2007} }

@article{Leiv Marsteintredet_2008, title={Reducing the perils of presidentialism in Latin America through presidential interruptions}, volume={41}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434106}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Leiv Marsteintredet}, year={2008}, pages={83–101} }

@article{Leon Zamosc_2007, title={The Indian movement and political democracy in Ecuador}, volume={49}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130809}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Leon Zamosc}, year={2007}, pages={1–34} }

@book{Levine_1973, title={Conflict and political change in Venezuela}, author={Levine, Daniel H.}, year={1973} }

@inbook{Levine_1978, address={Baltimore}, title={Venezuela since 1958: The consolidation of democratic politics}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ce6c7a11-392d-ed11-bd6e-0050f2f06092}, booktitle={The breakdown of democratic regimes}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Levine, Daniel H.}, year={1978}, pages={82–109} }

@book{Levine_1992, address={Princeton, N.J}, title={Popular voices in Latin American Catholicism}, volume={Studies in church and state}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Levine, Daniel H.}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Levine_Crisp_1999, address={Boulder}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Venezuela: The character, crisis, and possible future of democracy.}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=48cbc81a-7d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Democracy in developing countries: Latin America}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Levine, Daniel H. and Crisp, Brian F.}, year={1999}, pages={367–428} }

@inbook{Levitsky_2005, address={New York}, title={Argentina: Democratic survival amidst economic failure}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791116.003}, booktitle={The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Levitsky, Steven}, year={2005}, pages={63–89} }

@inbook{Levitsky_2013, address={Baltimore}, edition={Fourth edition}, title={Argentina: From crisis to consolidation (and back)}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Constructing democratic governance in Latin America}, publisher={The John Hopkins University Press}, author={Levitsky, Steven}, editor={Domínguez, Jorge I. and Shifter, Michael}, year={2013} }

@book{Lewis_Torrents_1993, address={London}, title={Argentina in the crisis years (1983-1990): from Alfonsin to Menem}, publisher={Institute of Latin American Studies}, author={Lewis, Colin M. and Torrents, Nissa}, year={1993} }

@book{Lijphart_Waisman_2018, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429499784}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Lijphart, Arend and Waisman, Carlos H.}, year={2018} }

@book{Linz_Stepan_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred C.}, year={1996} }

@article{Lisa Baldez_2003, title={Women’s movements and democratic transition in Chile, Brazil, East Germany, and Poland}, volume={35}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4150176}, number={3}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Lisa Baldez}, year={2003}, pages={253–272} }

@inbook{Loaeza_2003, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={The National Action Party (PAN): From the fringes of the political system to the heart of change}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=71c52bb4-6d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Loaeza, Soledad}, year={2003}, pages={196–246} }

@book{Love_Baer_2009, address={New York}, title={Brazil under Lula: economy, politics, and society under the worker-president}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Love, Joseph LeRoy and Baer, Werner}, year={2009} }

@book{Lowenthal_1991, address={Baltimore}, title={Exporting democracy: the United States and Latin America : case studies}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Lowenthal, Abraham F.}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Loxton_2014, address={Baltimore}, title={The Authoritarian Roots of New Right Party Success in Latin America}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6f0a1931-a47d-e711-80cb-005056af4099}, booktitle={The resilience of the Latin American right}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Loxton, James}, editor={Luna, Juan Pablo and Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal}, year={2014}, pages={117–140} }

@article{Luis F. Miguel, title={Political representation and gender in Brazil: Quotas for women and their impact}, volume={27}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2008/27/2}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2008.00263.x}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Luis F. Miguel}, pages={197–214} }

@book{Luis Roniger_Mario Sznajder_1999a, address={Oxford}, title={The legacy of human-rights violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay}, volume={Oxford studies in democratization}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296157.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Luis Roniger and Mario Sznajder}, year={1999} }

@book{Luis Roniger_Mario Sznajder_1999b, address={Oxford}, title={The legacy of human-rights violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay}, volume={Oxford studies in democratization}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296157.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Luis Roniger and Mario Sznajder}, year={1999} }

@inbook{Lujambio_2001, address={San Diego}, title={Democratization through Federalism? The National Action Party Strategy, 1939-2000}, volume={U.S.-Mexico contemporary perspectives series}, booktitle={Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional}, publisher={Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California}, author={Lujambio, Alonso}, year={2001} }

@article{Lynn R. Horton_2007, title={After democracy: Advances and challenges for women’s movements in Latin America}, volume={49}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490511}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lynn R. Horton}, year={2007}, pages={165–176} }

@article{Lynn R. Horton, title={From Collectivism to Capitalism: Neoliberalism and Rural Mobilization in Nicaragua}, volume={55}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/1DD0A4BCF4B7F1B3297BF6A236D93804}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00186.x}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Lynn R. Horton}, pages={119–140} }

@inbook{Macaulay_2003, address={London}, title={The purple in the rainbow: Gender politics in the PT}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2264202b-8336-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Radicals in power: the Workers’ Party (PT) and experiments in urban democracy}, publisher={Zed Books}, author={Macaulay, Fiona}, year={2003}, pages={176–201} }

@inbook{Magaloni_Moreno_2003, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Catching all souls: The Partido Acción Nacional and the politics of religion in Mexico}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=526f50e8-cd1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Magaloni, Beatriz and Moreno, Alejandro}, year={2003}, pages={247–272} }

@article{Magda Hinojosa_Ana Vijil Gurdián, title={Alternative Paths to Power? Women’s Political Representation in Nicaragua}, volume={54}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/9A7579F13B061ADCD68BA5FB546F7C0A}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00173.x}, number={4}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Magda Hinojosa and Ana Vijil Gurdián}, pages={61–88} }

@inbook{Mainwaring_1995, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Brazil: Weak parties, feckless democracy}, booktitle={Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Mainwaring, Scott}, year={1995}, pages={354–398} }

@book{Mainwaring_1999a, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Rethinking party systems in the third wave of democratization: the case of Brazil}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Mainwaring, Scott}, year={1999} }

@book{Mainwaring_1999b, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Rethinking party systems in the third wave of democratization: the case of Brazil}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Mainwaring, Scott}, year={1999} }

@book{Mainwaring_O’Donnell_Valenzuela_1992, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Issues in democratic consolidation: the new South American democracies in comparative perspective}, publisher={Published for the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies by University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Mainwaring, Scott and O’Donnell, Guillermo A. and Valenzuela, J. Samuel}, year={1992} }

@book{Mainwaring_Scully_2003, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Mainwaring, Scott and Scully, Timothy}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Mainwaring_Scully_1995, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Introduction: party systems in Latin America}, booktitle={Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Mainwaring, Scott and Scully, Timothy R.}, year={1995}, pages={1–36} }

@book{Malloy_Seligson_1987, address={Pittsburgh, Pa}, title={Authoritarians and democrats: regime transition in Latin America}, volume={Pitt Latin American series}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={Malloy, James M. and Seligson, Mitchell A.}, year={1987} }

@inbook{Manuel Antonio Garretón_2000, address={Baltimore}, title={Atavism and Democratic Ambiguity in the Chilean Right}, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=75734&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_53}, booktitle={Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Manuel Antonio Garretón}, year={2000}, pages={53–79} }

@article{Manuel Antonio Garreton M._1994, title={Human rights in processes of democratisation}, volume={26}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/157864}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Manuel Antonio Garreton M.}, year={1994}, pages={221–234} }

@article{Manuel Antonio Garreton Merino_1995, title={Redemocratization in Chile}, volume={6}, url={https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/981}, DOI={10.1353/jod.1995.0009}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Manuel Antonio Garreton Merino}, year={1995}, pages={146–158} }

@article{Marcelo Cavarozzi_1992, title={Beyond transitions to democracy in Latin America}, volume={24}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/156779}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Marcelo Cavarozzi}, year={1992}, pages={665–684} }

@article{Marcus J. McGee_Karen Kampwirth_2015, title={The Co-optation of LGBT Movements in Mexico and Nicaragua: Modernizing Clientelism?}, volume={57}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/1AEE77E030F762310BBCF4E1F53A7953}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2015.00290.x}, number={4}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Marcus J. McGee and Karen Kampwirth}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={51–73} }

@inbook{Margaret Power_2001, address={University Park}, title={Defending dictatorship: Conservative women in Pinochet’s Chile and the 1988 plebiscite}, url={https://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780271052724/}, booktitle={Radical women in Latin America: left and right}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Margaret Power}, year={2001}, pages={299–324} }

@article{Margarita López-Maya_2002, title={Venezuela after the Caracazo: Forms of protest in a deinstitutionalized context}, volume={21}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3339453}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Margarita López-Maya}, year={2002}, pages={199–218} }

@inbook{Margarita López-Maya_2011, address={Baltimore}, title={Venezuela: Hugo Chávez and the Populist Left}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421401614/}, booktitle={The resurgence of the Latin American left}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Margarita López-Maya}, year={2011}, pages={213–238} }

@inbook{Maria L. Cook_Kevin J. Middlebrook_Juan Molinar Horcasitas_1994, address={[San Diego]}, title={The politics of economic restructuring in Mexico: actors, sequencing, and coalition change}, volume={U.S.-Mexico contemporary perspectives series}, booktitle={The politics of economic restructuring: state-society relations and regime change in Mexico}, publisher={Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego}, author={Maria L. Cook and Kevin J. Middlebrook and Juan Molinar Horcasitas}, year={1994}, pages={3–52} }

@article{Maria Victoria Murillo_Virginia Oliveros_Milan Vaishnav, title={Electoral revolution or democratic alternation?}, volume={45}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/latin_american_research_review/v045/45.3.murillo.html}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={Latin American Studies Association}, author={Maria Victoria Murillo and Virginia Oliveros and Milan Vaishnav}, pages={87–114} }

@article{Mark Ensalaco_1994, title={In with the new, out with the old? The democratising impact of constitutional reform in Chile}, volume={26}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/1CD1A0E686B626466E749662A3BC3C2D}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X00016278}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Mark Ensalaco}, year={1994}, pages={409–429} }

@article{Mark P. Jones_1994, title={Presidential election laws and multipartism in Latin America}, volume={47}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/448901}, number={1}, journal={Political Research Quarterly}, publisher={Sage Publications, Inc.}, author={Mark P. Jones}, year={1994}, pages={41–57} }

@inbook{Mark P. Jones_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Evaluating Argentina’s presidential democracy: 1983-1995}, volume={Cambridge studies in comparative politics}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/presidentialism-and-democracy-in-latin-america/evaluating-argentinas-presidential-democracy-19831995/3B4AF850E6A29917359DEC5B66D5E17D}, booktitle={Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Mark P. Jones}, year={1997}, pages={259–299} }

@article{Mark P. Jones, title={A guide to the electoral systems of the Americas}, volume={14}, url={http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/026137949400021Z}, number={1}, journal={Electoral studies}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Mark P. Jones}, pages={5–21} }

@book{Martínez-Lara_St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford)_1996a, address={Basingstoke}, title={Building democracy in Brazil: the politics of constitutional change, 1985-95}, volume={St. Antony’s series}, publisher={Macmillan in association with St. Antony’s College}, author={Martínez-Lara, Javier and St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford)}, year={1996} }

@book{Martínez-Lara_St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford)_1996b, address={Basingstoke}, title={Building democracy in Brazil: the politics of constitutional change, 1985-95}, volume={St. Antony’s series}, publisher={Macmillan in association with St. Antony’s College}, author={Martínez-Lara, Javier and St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford)}, year={1996} }

@book{Martz_Myers_1986, address={New York}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={Venezuela: the democratic experience}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Martz, John D. and Myers, David J.}, year={1986} }

@inbook{Marysa Navarro_2001, address={Berkeley}, edition={Updated and expanded ed}, title={The Personal Is Political: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo}, url={https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520352148}, DOI={10.1525/9780520352148-011}, booktitle={Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Marysa Navarro}, year={2001}, pages={241–258} }

@article{Matthew Rhodes-Purdy_2015, title={Participatory Populism: Theory and Evidence from Bolivarian Venezuela}, volume={68}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/24637784}, DOI={10.1177/1065912915592183}, number={3}, journal={Political Research Quarterly}, author={Matthew Rhodes-Purdy}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={415–427} }

@article{Mauricio Morales Quiroga, title={The Concertación’s Defeat in Chile’s 2009-2010 Presidential Elections}, volume={54}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/D552313160F813981D54C3E8CBE2B1F0}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00154.x}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Mauricio Morales Quiroga}, pages={79–107} }

@book{McCoy_1995, address={Coral Gables, Fla}, title={Venezuelan democracy under stress}, publisher={North-South Center Press, University of Miami}, author={McCoy, Jennifer}, year={1995} }

@book{McCoy_1999, address={Coral Gables, FL}, title={Political learning and redemocratization in Latin America: do politicians learn from political crises?}, publisher={North-South Center Press, University of Miami}, author={McCoy, Jennifer}, year={1999} }

@inbook{McCoy_2010, address={Boulder [Colo.]}, title={Venezuela under Chávez: Beyond liberalism}, booktitle={Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={McCoy, Jennifer}, year={2010}, pages={81–100} }

@book{McDonald_Ruhl_1989, address={Boulder}, title={Party politics and elections in Latin America}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={McDonald, Ronald H. and Ruhl, J. Mark}, year={1989} }

@inbook{McGuire_1995, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Political parties and democracy in Argentina}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=16fc7b7e-6d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={McGuire, James W.}, year={1995}, pages={200–246} }

@book{McGuire_1997, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Peronism without Perón: unions, parties, and democracy in Argentina}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={McGuire, James W.}, year={1997} }

@article{Michael Coppedge_1993, title={Parties and society in Mexico and Venezuela: Why competition matters}, volume={25}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422245}, number={3}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Michael Coppedge}, year={1993}, pages={253–274} }

@inbook{Michael Coppedge_2013, address={Baltimore}, edition={Fourth edition}, title={Venezuela: Popular Sovereignty Versus Liberal Democracy}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Constructing democratic governance in Latin America}, publisher={The John Hopkins University Press}, author={Michael Coppedge}, editor={Domínguez, Jorge I. and Shifter, Michael}, year={2013}, pages={165–192} }

@article{Michael Penfold-Becerra, title={Clientelism and Social Funds: Evidence from Chávez’s Misiones}, volume={49}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/B8A93D8419499CBF63A04C9FB88C0D9A}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00392.x}, number={4}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Michael Penfold-Becerra}, pages={63–84} }

@book{Middlebrook_2001, address={San Diego}, title={Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional}, volume={U.S.-Mexico contemporary perspectives series}, publisher={Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California}, author={Middlebrook, Kevin J.}, year={2001} }

@inbook{Middlebrook_2004, address={London}, title={Mexico’s democratic transitions: Dynamics and prospects}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3568cd93-8f36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Dilemmas of political change in Mexico}, publisher={Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London}, author={Middlebrook, Kevin J.}, year={2004}, pages={1–53} }

@inbook{Mizrahi_1998, address={London}, title={The costs of electoral success: The Partido Acción Nacional in Mexico}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0a9911b3-1a1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Governing Mexico: political parties and elections}, publisher={Institute of Latin American Studies}, author={Mizrahi, Yemile}, year={1998}, pages={95–113} }

@inbook{Moreira Alves_1993, address={Boulder}, title={Something old, something new: Brazil’s partido dos trabalhadores}, volume={Latin American perspectives series}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=74d95db9-6e36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={The Latin American left: from the fall of Allende to Perestroika}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Moreira Alves, Maria Helena}, year={1993}, pages={225–242} }

@book{Munck_1998, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Authoritarianism and democratization: soldiers and workers in Argentina, 1976-1983}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Munck, Gerardo L.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Navarro_2001, address={Berkeley}, edition={Updated and expanded ed}, title={The personal is political: Las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo}, url={https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520352148}, booktitle={Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Navarro, Marysa}, year={2001}, pages={241–258} }

@article{Noam Lupu_2010, title={Who votes for ‘chavismo’?: Class voting in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela}, volume={45}, url={https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/19697}, DOI={10.1353/lar.0.0083}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, author={Noam Lupu}, year={2010}, pages={7–32} }

@book{Norden_1996, address={Lincoln [Neb.]}, title={Military rebellion in Argentina: between coups and consolidation}, publisher={University of Nebraska Press}, author={Norden, Deborah L.}, year={1996} }

@inbook{Norden_2003, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={Democracy in uniform: Chávez and the Venezuelan armed forces}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=64404b17-7f36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Venezuelan politics in the Chávez era: class, polarization, and conflict}, publisher={Lynne Rienner}, author={Norden, Deborah L.}, year={2003}, pages={93–112} }

@inbook{O’Donnell_1986, address={Pittsburgh, Pa}, title={The United States, Latin America, democracy: variations on a very old theme}, volume={Pitt Latin American series}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=e1e4ba8f-df04-ec11-b563-0050f2f06092}, booktitle={The United States and Latin America in the 1980s: contending perspectives on a decade of crisis}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={O’Donnell, Guillermo}, year={1986}, pages={353–377} }

@inbook{O’Donnell_1999a, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Tensions in the bureaucratic-authoritarian state and the question of democracy}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5576ef6b-efbc-e911-80cd-005056af4099}, booktitle={Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={O’Donnell, Guillermo}, year={1999} }

@inbook{O’Donnell_1999b, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Notes for the study of processes of political democratization in the wake of the bureaucratic-authoritarian state}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9f5bd119-e688-e811-80cd-005056af4099}, booktitle={Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={O’Donnell, Guillermo}, year={1999}, pages={109–129} }

@inbook{O’Donnell_1999c, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Delegative democracy}, booktitle={Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={O’Donnell, Guillermo}, year={1999} }

@book{O’Donnell_Schmitter_2013a, address={Baltimore}, title={Transitions from authoritarian rule: Tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies}, volume={4}, publisher={The Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={O’Donnell, Guillermo A. and Schmitter, Philippe C.}, year={2013} }

@inbook{O’Donnell_Schmitter_2013b, address={Baltimore}, title={Convoking elections (and provoking parties)}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0e68d9bc-738d-ec11-a507-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Transitions from authoritarian rule: Tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies}, publisher={The Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={O’Donnell, Guillermo and Schmitter, Philippe C.}, year={2013}, pages={66–74} }

@article{Oliver Heath, title={Explaining the rise of class politics in Venezuela}, volume={28}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2009/28/2}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2008.00271.x}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Oliver Heath}, pages={185–203} }

@book{Oxhorn_1995, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Organizing civil society: the popular sectors and the struggle for democracy in Chile}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Oxhorn, Philip}, year={1995} }

@book{Oxhorn_2011, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Sustaining civil society: economic change, democracy, and the social construction of citizenship in Latin America}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780271052236/}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Oxhorn, Philip}, year={2011} }

@article{Panizza_1995, title={Human Rights in the Processes of Transition and Consolidation of Democracy in Latin America}, volume={43}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-9248.1995.tb01742.x}, number={1}, journal={Political Studies}, author={Panizza, Francisco}, year={1995}, month={Mar}, pages={168–188} }

@article{Patricio Silva, title={Doing politics in a depoliticised society: Social change and political deactivation in Chile}, volume={23}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/1}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2004.00096.x}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Patricio Silva}, pages={63–78} }

@article{Patricio Silva, title={Doing politics in a depoliticised society: Social change and political deactivation in Chile}, volume={23}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/1}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2004.00096.x}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Patricio Silva}, pages={63–78} }

@article{Patrick S. Barrett, title={The limits of democracy: Socio-political compromise and regime change in post-Pinochet Chile}, volume={34}, url={https://link.springer.com/journal/12116/volumes-and-issues/34-3}, DOI={10.1007/BF02687625}, number={3}, journal={Studies in Comparative International Development}, author={Patrick S. Barrett}, pages={3–36} }

@article{Paul G. Buchanan, title={Preauthoritarian Institutions and Postauthoritarian Outcomes: Labor Politics in Chile and Uruguay}, volume={50}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/31A6A0477B778508F3537DEDCF90C050}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2008.00004.x}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Florida : University of Miami}, author={Paul G. Buchanan}, pages={59–89} }

@article{Paul W. Posner_1999, title={Popular Representation and Political Dissatisfaction in Chile’s New Democracy}, volume={41}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-interamerican-studies-and-world-affairs/issue/52E85C3441EAFB0FC93A09449D313329}, DOI={10.2307/166227}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, author={Paul W. Posner}, year={1999}, month={Spring}, pages={v-+ 59-85} }

@article{Paul W. Posner_2016, title={Laboring Under Chávez: Populism for the Twenty-first Century}, volume={58}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/7F060550FC17F4489E119BC5C2E33E4F}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00317.x}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Paul W. Posner}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={26–50} }

@book{Payne_1994, address={Baltimore}, title={Brazilian industrialists and democratic change}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Payne, Leigh A.}, year={1994} }

@article{Pedro Sanoja, title={Ideology, institutions and ideas: Explaining political change in Venezuela}, volume={28}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2009/28/3}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2009.00309.x}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Pedro Sanoja}, pages={394–410} }

@inbook{Peeler_1992a, address={Cambridge}, title={Elite settlements and democratic consolidation: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3d8884da-5a36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Elites and Democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Peeler, John A.}, year={1992}, pages={81–112} }

@inbook{Peeler_1992b, address={Cambridge}, title={Elite settlements and democratic consolidation: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173902}, booktitle={Elites and Democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Peeler, John A.}, year={1992}, pages={81–112} }

@book{Peeler_2009, address={Boulder, Colo}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Building democracy in Latin America}, publisher={Lynne Rienner}, author={Peeler, John A.}, year={2009} }

@book{Pereira_2005, address={Pittsburgh, Pa}, title={Political (in)justice: authoritarianism and the rule of law in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina}, volume={Pitt Latin American series}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={Pereira, Anthony W.}, year={2005} }

@article{Peter M. Siavelis_2005, title={Electoral system, coalitional disintegration, and the future of Chile’s concertación}, volume={40}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/1555365}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={The Latin American Studies Association}, author={Peter M. Siavelis}, year={2005}, pages={56–82} }

@inbook{Peter Siavelis_Arturo Valenzuela_1996, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={Electoral engineering and democratic stability: The legacy of authoritarian rule in Chile.}, volume={Latin America in global perspective}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=896a4818-221e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Peter Siavelis and Arturo Valenzuela}, year={1996}, pages={77–99} }

@book{Philip_Panizza_2011, address={Cambridge}, title={The triumph of politics: the return of the left in Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador}, publisher={Polity}, author={Philip, George D. E. and Panizza, Francisco}, year={2011} }

@article{Philip J. Williams_1994, title={Dual transitions from authoritarian rule: Popular and electoral democracy in Nicaragua}, volume={26}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/422266}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Philip J. Williams}, year={1994}, pages={169–185} }

@article{Philip Oxhorn_2009, title={Understanding political change after authoritarian rule: The popular sectors and Chile’s new democratic regime}, volume={26}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/0F0130D5A55FD6A5EA777BF7A0F00A99}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X00008580}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Philip Oxhorn}, year={2009}, pages={737–759} }

@inbook{Philippe C Schmitter_2001, address={Oxford}, edition={Expanded ed}, title={The influence of the international context upon the choice of national institutions and policies in neo-democracies}, volume={Oxford studies in democratization}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199243751.001.0001}, DOI={10.1093/0199243751.003.0002}, booktitle={The international dimensions of democratization: Europe and the Americas}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Philippe C Schmitter}, year={2001}, pages={26–54} }

@book{Pion-Berlin_1997, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Through corridors of power: institutions and civil-military relations in Argentina}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Pion-Berlin, David}, year={1997} }

@book{Pollack_1999, address={Basingstoke}, title={The new Right in Chile, 1973-97}, volume={St. Antony’s series}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Pollack, Marcelo}, year={1999} }

@book{Power_2000, address={University Park, Pa}, title={The political right in postauthoritarian Brazil: elites, institutions, and democratization}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Power, Timothy J.}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Przeworski_1986, address={Baltimore, Md}, title={Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy}, volume={3}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c5f97747-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Przeworski, Adam}, year={1986}, pages={47-63-168–170} }

@inbook{Przeworski_1988, title={Democracy as a contingent outcome of conflicts}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139173629}, booktitle={Constitutionalism and Democracy}, author={Przeworski, Adam}, year={1988} }

@book{Purcell_Roett_1997, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={Brazil under Cardoso}, publisher={L. Rienner Publishers}, author={Purcell, Susan Kaufman and Roett, Riordan}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Rachel Sieder_2001, address={Oxford}, title={War, peace, and memory politics in Central America}, volume={Oxford studies in democratization}, url={https://academic.oup.com/book/27029/chapter/196301676}, booktitle={The politics of memory: transitional justice in democratizing societies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Rachel Sieder}, year={2001}, pages={161–189} }

@book{Raúl L. Madrid_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={The rise of ethnic politics in Latin America}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022590}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Raúl L. Madrid}, year={2012} }

@inbook{Raúl L. Madrid_2016, address={Cambridge}, title={Obstacles to ethnic parties in Latin America}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316550564}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781316550564.011}, booktitle={Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Raúl L. Madrid}, editor={Steven Levitsky and James Loxton and Brandon Van Dyck and Jorge I Dominguez}, year={2016}, pages={305–304} }

@article{Raúl L. Madrid, title={The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America}, volume={60}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/issue/C817EB3D26EE670BB00072B6E924C61F}, DOI={10.1017/S0043887100009060}, number={3}, journal={World Politics}, author={Raúl L. Madrid}, pages={475–508} }

@article{Raúl Madrid, title={Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America}, volume={38}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/i20072908}, DOI={10.2307/20072910}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, author={Raúl Madrid}, pages={1–20} }

@inbook{Remmer_1993, address={Boulder}, title={Democratization in Latin America}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ffcb6746-241e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Global transformation and the Third World}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Remmer, Karen L.}, year={1993}, pages={91–111} }

@inbook{Remmer_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={External pressures and domestic constraints: The lessons of the four case studies}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Remmer, Karen L.}, year={1996}, pages={286–296} }

@article{Review by: Joseph L. Klesner_1998, title={An electoral route to democracy? Mexico’s transition in comparative perspective}, volume={30}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/422335}, number={4}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Review by: Joseph L. Klesner}, year={1998}, pages={477–497} }

@article{Rhoda Rabkin, title={Redemocratization, electoral engineering, and party strategies in Chile, 1989-1995}, volume={29}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/29/3}, DOI={10.1177/0010414096029003004}, number={3}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Rhoda Rabkin}, pages={335–356} }

@inbook{Ricardo Córdova Macías_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={El Salvador: transition from civil war.}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, booktitle={Constructing democratic governance: Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s : themes and issues}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Ricardo Córdova Macías}, year={1996}, pages={26–49} }

@book{Rice_2012, address={Tucson}, title={The new politics of protest: indigenous mobilization in Latin America’s neoliberal era}, publisher={University of Arizona Press}, author={Rice, Roberta}, year={2012} }

@article{Robert Albro, title={The Indigenous in the Plural in Bolivian Oppositional Politics}, volume={24}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2005/24/4}, DOI={10.1111/j.0261-3050.2005.00142.x}, number={4}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Robert Albro}, pages={433–453} }

@article{Robert H. Dix_1989, title={Cleavage structures and party systems in Latin America}, volume={22}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422320}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Robert H. Dix}, year={1989}, pages={23–37} }

@article{Robert H. Dix, title={Democratization and the institutionalization of Latin American political parties}, volume={24}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/24/4}, DOI={10.1177/0010414092024004004}, number={4}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Robert H. Dix}, pages={488–511} }

@article{Roberta Rice_Donna Lee Van Cott_2006, title={The Emergence and Performance of Indigenous Peoples’ Parties in South America: A Subnational Statistical Analysis}, volume={39}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/39/6}, DOI={10.1177/0010414005285036}, number={6}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Roberta Rice and Donna Lee Van Cott}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={709–732} }

@inbook{Roberts_2003, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={Social polarization and the populist resurgence in Venezuela}, booktitle={Venezuelan politics in the Chávez era: class, polarization, and conflict}, publisher={Lynne Rienner}, author={Roberts, Kenneth}, year={2003}, pages={55–72} }

@book{Roberts_1998, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Deepening democracy?: the modern left and social movements in Chile and Peru}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Roberts, Kenneth M.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Roberts_2014, address={Baltimore}, title={Democracy, Free Markets, and the Rightist Dilemma in Latin America}, booktitle={The resilience of the Latin American right}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Roberts, Kenneth M.}, editor={Luna, Juan Pablo and Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal}, year={2014}, pages={25–47} }

@article{Roderic Ai Camp_1994, title={The cross in the polling booth: religion, politics, and the laity in Mexico}, volume={29}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2503943}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={The Latin American Studies Association}, author={Roderic Ai Camp}, year={1994}, pages={69–100} }

@article{Roderic Ai Camp, title={The 2012 Presidential Election and What It Reveals about Mexican Voters}, volume={45}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/3D1297774E101DA14F5FFF003F167417}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X1300076X}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={London, New York Cambridge University Press}, author={Roderic Ai Camp}, pages={451–481} }

@article{Romero_Magaloni_Díaz-Cayeros_2016, title={Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico’s War on Crime}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00312.x}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Romero, Vidal and Magaloni, Beatriz and Díaz-Cayeros, Alberto}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={100–123} }

@article{Ron Ahnen_2003, title={Between tyranny of the majority and liberty: The persistence of human rights violations under democracy in Brazil}, volume={22}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/3}, DOI={10.1111/1470-9856.00080}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Ron Ahnen}, year={2003}, month={Jul}, pages={319–339} }

@article{Ron Ahnen, title={Between tyranny of the majority and liberty: The persistence of human rights violations under democracy in Brazil}, volume={22}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/3}, DOI={10.1111/1470-9856.00080}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Ron Ahnen}, pages={319–339} }

@article{Ronald E. Ahnen_2007a, title={The politics of police violence in democratic Brazil}, volume={49}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490510}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ronald E. Ahnen}, year={2007}, pages={141–164} }

@article{Ronald E. Ahnen_2007b, title={The politics of police violence in democratic Brazil}, volume={49}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490510}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ronald E. Ahnen}, year={2007}, pages={141–164} }

@inbook{Rouquié_1986, address={Baltimore, Md}, title={Demilitarization and the institutionalization of military-dominated politics in Latin America}, booktitle={Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Rouquié, Alain}, year={1986}, pages={108–136} }

@book{Rouquié_1987, address={Berkeley}, title={The military and the state in Latin America}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Rouquié, Alain}, year={1987} }

@article{Ryan E. Carlin_Matthew M. Singer, title={Support for Polyarchy in the Americas}, volume={44}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/44/11}, DOI={10.1177/0010414011407471}, number={11}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Ryan E. Carlin and Matthew M. Singer}, pages={1500–1526} }

@article{S. Mainwaring, title={Urban popular movements, identity, and democratization in Brazil}, volume={20}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/20/2}, DOI={10.1177/0010414087020002001}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={S. Mainwaring}, pages={131–159} }

@book{Sader_Silverstein_1991a, address={London}, title={Without fear of being happy: Lula, the Workers Party and Brazil}, publisher={Verso}, author={Sader, Emir and Silverstein, Ken}, year={1991} }

@book{Sader_Silverstein_1991b, address={London}, title={Without fear of being happy: Lula, the Workers Party and Brazil}, publisher={Verso}, author={Sader, Emir and Silverstein, Ken}, year={1991} }

@article{Salvador Martí i Puig, title={The Adaptation of the FSLN: Daniel Ortega’s Leadership and Democracy in Nicaragua}, volume={52}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/B29056916F741D8E2B61292ECF0D9530}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00099.x}, number={4}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Salvador Martí i Puig}, pages={79–106} }

@article{Samuel Handlin, title={Social Protection and the Politicization of Class Cleavages During Latin America’s Left Turn}, volume={46}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/46/12}, DOI={10.1177/0010414012463907}, number={12}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Samuel Handlin}, pages={1582–1609} }

@inbook{Samuels_Zucco, Jr._2016, address={Cambridge}, title={Party-Building in Brazil: The Rise of the PT in Perspective}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316550564}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781316550564}, booktitle={Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Samuels, David and Zucco, Jr., Cesar}, editor={Levitsky, Steven and Loxton, James and Van Dyck, Brandon and Dominguez, Jorge I}, year={2016}, pages={305–330} }

@article{Sarah Chartock, title={"Corporatism With Adjectives”? Conceptualizing Civil Society Incorporation and Indigenous Participation in Latin America}, volume={55}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/AFBE6AFC6BF7E25556530F2CD2C4635C}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00193.x}, number={2}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Sarah Chartock}, pages={52–76} }

@article{Saskia P. Ruth-Lovell_2016, title={Clientelism and the Utility of the Left-Right Dimension in Latin America}, volume={58}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/EE92F54B0628787829D2A9CBD8D5177D}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00300.x}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Saskia P. Ruth-Lovell}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={72–97} }

@book{Schoultz_1987, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={National security and United States policy toward Latin America}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Schoultz, Lars}, year={1987} }

@book{Schwindt-Bayer_2010, address={New York}, title={Political power and women’s representation in Latin America}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A.}, year={2010} }

@article{Scott Mainwaring_1988, title={Political parties and democratization in Brazil and the Southern Cone}, volume={21}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422073}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Scott Mainwaring}, year={1988}, pages={91–120} }

@article{Scott Mainwaring_1991, title={Politicians, parties, and electoral systems: Brazil in comparative perspective}, volume={24}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422200}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Scott Mainwaring}, year={1991}, pages={21–43} }

@inbook{Scott Mainwaring_2018, title={Party System Institutionalization, Predictability, and Democracy}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/party-systems-in-latin-america/party-system-institutionalization-predictability-and-democracy/E5D3C5B41BC3DD03A15B57D0DDE8DCF4}, DOI={10.1017/9781316798553.004}, booktitle={Party Systems in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Scott Mainwaring}, editor={Mainwaring, Scott}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={71–101} }

@book{Scott Mainwaring_Aníbal Pérez-Liñán_2014, address={Cambridge}, title={Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139047845}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Scott Mainwaring and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán}, year={2014} }

@inbook{Scott Mainwaring_Fernando Bizzarro_Ana Petrova_2018, title={Party System Institutionalization, Decay, and Collapse}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/party-systems-in-latin-america/A62FA6AE29245CAB328B2AEB45DD4D1A}, DOI={10.1017/9781316798553.002}, booktitle={Party Systems in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Scott Mainwaring and Fernando Bizzarro and Ana Petrova}, editor={Scott Mainwaring}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={17–33} }

@inbook{Scully_1995a, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Reconstituting party politics in Chile}, booktitle={Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Scully, Timothy R.}, year={1995}, pages={100–137} }

@inbook{Scully_1995b, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Reconstituting party politics in Chile}, booktitle={Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Scully, Timothy R.}, year={1995}, pages={100–137} }

@book{Seligson_Booth_1995, address={Chapel Hill}, edition={New&enl. ed}, title={Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Seligson, Mitchell A. and Booth, John A.}, year={1995} }

@book{Serrano_University of London_1998, address={London}, title={Governing Mexico: political parties and elections}, publisher={Institute of Latin American Studies}, author={Serrano, Mónica and University of London}, year={1998} }

@article{Seymour Martin Lipset_1959, title={Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy}, volume={53}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/1951731}, number={1}, journal={The American Political Science Review}, publisher={American Political Science Association}, author={Seymour Martin Lipset}, year={1959}, pages={69–105} }

@inbook{Siavelis_2014, address={Baltimore}, title={Chile: The Right’s Evolution from Democracy to Authoritarianism and Back Again}, booktitle={The resilience of the Latin American right}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Siavelis, Peter M.}, editor={Luna, Juan Pablo and Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal}, year={2014}, pages={242–267} }

@book{Sieder_2002, address={Basingstoke}, title={Multiculturalism in Latin America: indigenous rights, diversity, and democracy}, volume={Institute of Latin American Studies series}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Sieder, Rachel}, year={2002} }

@book{Sigmund_1993, address={Baltimore}, title={The United States and democracy in Chile}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Sigmund, Paul E.}, year={1993} }

@book{Skidmore_1988, address={New York}, title={The politics of military rule in Brazil, 1964-85}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Skidmore, Thomas E.}, year={1988} }

@book{Soledad Loaeza_1999, address={México}, title={El Partido Acción Nacional: la larga marcha, 1939-1994 : oposición leal y partido de protesta}, volume={Sección de obras de política y derecho}, publisher={Fondo de Cultura Económica}, author={Soledad Loaeza}, year={1999} }

@article{Sonja Wolf_2016, title={Drugs, Violence, and Corruption: Perspectives from Mexico and Central America}, volume={58}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/EE92F54B0628787829D2A9CBD8D5177D}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00298.x}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Sonja Wolf}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={146–155} }

@article{Sonja Wolf, title={Subverting Democracy: Elite Rule and the Limits of Political Participation in Post-War El Salvador}, volume={41}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/EB85296E3995CC66122DF7EC0066A410}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X09990149}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Sonja Wolf}, pages={429–465} }

@book{Souza_1997, address={Basingstoke}, title={Constitutional engineering in Brazil: the politics of federalism and decentralization}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Souza, Celina Maria de}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Spalding_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={Nicaragua: Politics, poverty and polarization}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=6ac1ac73-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Constructing democratic governance: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s}, publisher={The Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Spalding, Rose J.}, editor={Domínguez, Jorge I. and Lowenthal, Abraham F.}, year={1996}, pages={3-25-199–206} }

@inbook{Stepan_1988, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={The military in newly democratic regimes: the dimension of military contestation}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=233c0a7a-6136-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Rethinking military politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Stepan, Alfred}, year={1988}, pages={68–92} }

@book{Stepan_1989, address={New York}, title={Democratizing Brazil: problems of transition and consolidation}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Stepan, Alfred C.}, year={1989} }

@article{Stephanie, Rousseau_Anahi, Morales, Hudon_2016, title={Paths towards Autonomy in Indigenous Women’s Movements: Mexico, Peru, Bolivia}, volume={48}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/9AE34C14466969585C0FAF75F932518B}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X15000802}, number={01}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Stephanie, Rousseau and Anahi, Morales, Hudon}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={33–60} }

@article{Steve Ellner_2001, title={The radical potential of Chavismo in Venezuela: The first year and a half in power}, volume={28}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3185012}, number={5}, journal={Latin American Perspectives}, publisher={Sage Publications, Inc.}, author={Steve Ellner}, year={2001}, pages={5–32} }

@article{Steve Ellner_2003, title={The contrasting variants of the populism of Hugo Chávez and Alberto Fujimori}, volume={35}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875581}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Steve Ellner}, year={2003}, pages={139–162} }

@article{Steven E. Finkel_2007, title={The effects of U.S. foreign assistance on democracy building, 1990-2003}, volume={59}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/40060164}, number={3}, journal={World Politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Steven E. Finkel}, year={2007}, pages={404–438} }

@article{Steven Levitsky_2006a, title={Organized labor and democracy in Latin America}, volume={39}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434019}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Steven Levitsky}, year={2006}, pages={21–42} }

@article{Steven Levitsky_2006b, title={Linkage versus leverage. Rethinking the international dimension of regime change}, volume={38}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434008}, number={4}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Steven Levitsky}, year={2006}, pages={379–400} }

@inbook{Steven Levitsky_James Loxton_Brandon Van Dyck_2016, address={Cambridge}, title={Introduction: Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316550564}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781316550564.001}, booktitle={Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Steven Levitsky and James Loxton and Brandon Van Dyck}, editor={Levitsky, Steven and Loxton, James and Van Dyck, Brandon and Dominguez, Jorge I}, year={2016}, pages={1–48} }

@inbook{Steven Levitsky_Kenneth M. Roberts_2011, address={Baltimore}, title={Introduction: Latin America’s "Left Turn”: A Framework for Analysis}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421401614/}, booktitle={The resurgence of the Latin American left}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Steven Levitsky and Kenneth M. Roberts}, year={2011}, pages={1–28} }

@inbook{2011, address={Baltimore}, title={Conclusion: Democracy, development, and the left}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421401614/}, booktitle={The resurgence of the Latin American left}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Steven Levitsky and Kenneth M. Roberts}, year={2011}, pages={399–428} }

@article{Sujatha Fernandes_2007, title={Barrio women and popular politics in Chávez’s Venezuela}, volume={49}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130812}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sujatha Fernandes}, year={2007}, pages={97–127} }

@article{Susan, Franceschet_Jennifer M.Piscopo_Gwynn Thomas_2016, title={Supermadres, Maternal Legacies and Women’s Political Participation in Contemporary Latin America}, volume={48}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/9AE34C14466969585C0FAF75F932518B}, DOI={10.1017/S0022216X15000814}, number={01}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, author={Susan, Franceschet and Jennifer M.Piscopo and Gwynn Thomas}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={1–32} }

@book{Tarrow_2011, address={Cambridge}, edition={Rev. & updated 3rd ed}, title={Power in movement: social movements and contentious politics}, volume={Cambridge studies in comparative politics}, url={http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781139010856}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Tarrow, Sidney G.}, year={2011} }

@article{Terry Lynn Karl_1987, title={Petroleum and political pacts: The transition to democracy in Venezuela}, volume={22}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2503543}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={The Latin American Studies Association}, author={Terry Lynn Karl}, year={1987}, pages={63–94} }

@inbook{Timothy J. Power_Mary A. Clark_2001, address={[Pittsburgh]}, title={Does Trust Matter? Interpersonal Trust and Democratic Values in Chile, Costa Rica, and Mexico}, volume={Pitt Latin American series}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjp4v.5}, booktitle={Citizen views of democracy in Latin America}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={Timothy J. Power and Mary A. Clark}, year={2001}, pages={51–70} }

@article{Tina Hilgers, title={Causes and Consequences of Political Clientelism: Mexico’s PRD in Comparative Perspective}, volume={50}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/FB6B42355B7DA088EC1E262034FA3AC2}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2008.00032.x}, number={4}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Tina Hilgers}, pages={123–153} }

@inbook{Tomás Moulián_Isabel Torres_1989, address={Santiago, Chile}, title={La problemática de la derecha política en Chile, 1964-1983}, booktitle={Muerte y resurreccion : los partidos politicos en el autoritarismo y las transiciones del Cono Sur}, publisher={FLACSO}, author={Tomás Moulián and Isabel Torres}, editor={Marcelo Cavarozzi and Manuel Antonio Garretón}, year={1989} }

@inbook{Torre_de Riz_1991, address={Cambridge}, title={Argentina since 1946}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139055246A006}, DOI={10.1017/CHOL9780521266529.003}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Torre, Juan Carlos and de Riz, Liliana}, editor={Bethell, Leslie}, year={1991}, pages={73–194} }

@book{Trejo_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={Popular Movements in Autocracies}, url={http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139043250}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139043250}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Trejo, Guillermo}, year={2012} }

@article{Tricia Gray_2003, title={Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile}, volume={22}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/1}, DOI={10.1111/1470-9856.00064}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Tricia Gray}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={52–78} }

@article{Tricia Gray, title={Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile}, volume={22}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/1}, DOI={10.1111/1470-9856.00064}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Tricia Gray}, pages={52–78} }

@article{Tricia Gray, title={Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile}, volume={22}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/1}, DOI={10.1111/1470-9856.00064}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Tricia Gray}, pages={52–78} }

@book{Trinkunas_2005, address={Chapel Hill}, title={Crafting civilian control of the military in Venezuela: a comparative perspective}, url={http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781469603643/}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Trinkunas, Harold A.}, year={2005} }

@book{Tulchin_Bland_1992, address={Boulder}, title={Is there a transition to democracy in El Salvador?}, volume={Woodrow Wilson Center current studies on Latin America}, publisher={L. Rienner Publishers}, author={Tulchin, Joseph S. and Bland, Gary}, year={1992} }

@book{Tulchin_Garland_1998, address={Wilmington, Del}, title={Argentina: the challenges of modernization}, publisher={Scholarly Resources}, author={Tulchin, Joseph S. and Garland, Allison M.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Turner_1995, address={Boulder}, title={Reassessing political culture}, volume={Latin America in global perspective}, booktitle={Latin America in comparative perspective: new approaches to methods and analysis}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Turner, Frederick C.}, year={1995}, pages={195–226} }

@inbook{Valenzuela_Valenzuela_1986, address={Baltimore}, title={Party oppositions under the Chilean authoritarian regime}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=699ce81d-cf1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Military rule in Chile: dictatorship and oppositions}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Valenzuela, Julio Samuel and Valenzuela, Arturo}, year={1986}, pages={184–229} }

@inbook{Vergara_1994, address={Miami, Fla}, title={Market economy, social welfare and democratic consolidation in Chile}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=004562d2-6228-ed11-bd6e-0050f2f06092}, booktitle={Democracy, markets, and structural reform in Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico}, publisher={North-South Center Press, University of Miami}, author={Vergara, Pilar}, year={1994}, pages={237–261} }

@book{Waisman_Peralta-Ramos_1986, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={From military rule to liberal democracy in Argentina}, volume={Westview special studies on Latin America and the Caribbean}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Waisman, Carlos H. and Peralta-Ramos, Mónica}, year={1986} }

@inbook{Weiss Fagen_1996, address={Baltimore}, title={El Salvador: Lessons in peace consolidation}, volume={An Inter-American Dialogue book}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4bb15f56-231e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d}, booktitle={Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Weiss Fagen, Patricia}, year={1996}, pages={213–237} }

@article{Wendy Hunter_1994, title={Contradictions of civilian control: Argentina, Brazil and Chile in the 1990s}, volume={15}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3993062}, number={4}, journal={Third World Quarterly}, publisher={Taylor & Francis, Ltd.}, author={Wendy Hunter}, year={1994}, pages={633–653} }

@article{Wendy Hunter_2007, title={The normalization of an anomaly: The Workers’ Party in Brazil}, volume={59}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/40060165}, number={3}, journal={World Politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wendy Hunter}, year={2007}, pages={440–475} }

@article{Wendy Hunter_Timothy J. Power_2007, title={Rewarding Lula: Executive power, social policy, and the Brazilian elections of 2006}, volume={49}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490505}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wendy Hunter and Timothy J. Power}, year={2007}, pages={1–30} }

@article{Weyland, title={The rise of Latin America’s two lefts: Insights from rentier state theory}, volume={41}, DOI={10.5129/001041509X12911362971918}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Politics}, author={Weyland, Kurt}, pages={145–164} }

@inbook{Whitehead_1986, address={Baltimore, Md}, title={International aspects of democratization}, booktitle={Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Whitehead, Laurence}, year={1986}, pages={3–46} }

@article{Willem Assies_Ton Salman, title={Ethnicity and politics in Bolivia}, volume={4}, url={https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/reno20/4/3}, DOI={10.1080/17449050500229842}, number={3}, journal={Ethnopolitics}, publisher={Taylor & Francis Group}, author={Willem Assies and Ton Salman}, pages={269–297} }

@article{Wills-Otero_2009, title={Electoral systems in Latin America: Explaining the adoption of proportional representation systems during the Twentieth century}, volume={51}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20622740}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wills-Otero, Laura}, year={2009}, pages={33–58} }

@inbook{Wood_2005, address={New York}, title={Challenges to political democracy in El Salvador}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/third-wave-of-democratization-in-latin-america/challenges-to-political-democracy-in-el-salvador/18FB61E171CFA0D304BAA89E966F2B88}, booktitle={The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wood, Elisabeth J.}, year={2005}, pages={79–201} }

@inbook{Wuhs_2014, address={Baltimore}, title={Mexico: The Partido Acción Nacional as a Right Party}, booktitle={The resilience of the Latin American right}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Wuhs, Steven T.}, editor={Luna, Juan Pablo and Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal}, year={2014}, pages={219–241} }

@article{Yannis Stavrakakis_Alexandros Kioupkiolis_Giorgos Katsambekis_Nikos Nikisianis_Thomas Siomos_2016, title={Contemporary Left-wing Populism in Latin America: Leadership, Horizontalism, and Postdemocracy in Chávez’s Venezuela}, volume={58}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/7F060550FC17F4489E119BC5C2E33E4F}, DOI={10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00318.x}, number={3}, journal={Latin American Politics and Society}, author={Yannis Stavrakakis and Alexandros Kioupkiolis and Giorgos Katsambekis and Nikos Nikisianis and Thomas Siomos}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={51–76} }

@book{Yashar_2005, address={New York}, title={Contesting citizenship in Latin America: the rise of indigenous movements and the postliberal challenge}, volume={Cambridge studies in contentious politics}, url={https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3883622?account_id=14511&usage_group_id=1418191}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Yashar, Deborah J.}, year={2005} }

@book{Zamosc_Postero_2004, address={Brighton}, title={The struggle for indigenous rights in Latin America}, publisher={Sussex Academic Press}, author={Zamosc, León and Postero, Nancy Grey}, year={2004} }

@book{Dominguez_1994, address={New York}, title={Parties, elections, and political participation in Latin America}, publisher={Garland Pub.}, year={1994} }

@article{Democratization_2005, volume={12}, url={http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fdem20/12/4}, number={4}, year={2005} }

@book{Jorge I. Dominguez_Chappell Lawson_2009, address={Baltimore, MD}, title={Consolidating Mexico’s democracy : the 2006 presidential campaign in comparative perspective}, publisher={John Hopkins University Press}, year={2009} }

@book{Kurt Weyland_Raúl L. Madrid_Wendy Hunter_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511778742}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, year={2010} }

@book{Ponniah_Eastwood_2011, address={Cambridge, MA}, title={The revolution in Venezuela: Social and Political Change Under Chavez}, publisher={Harvard University David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies}, year={2011} }

@article{Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs, volume={40}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/i208876}, number={4}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami} }