Bibliography for AMER0007: Democratization in Latin America BETA

1.

Laurence Whitehead. On ‘Democracy’ and ‘Democratization’. In: Democratization: Theory and Experience [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 6–35. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/2667

2.

Damarys Canache. Citizens’ Conceptualizations of Democracy: Structured Complexity, Substantive Context, and Political Significance. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 45(9):1132–58. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/45/9

3.

O’Donnell GA, Schmitter PC. Transitions from authoritarian rule: Tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies. Vol. 4. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2013.

4.

Przeworski A. Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives [Internet]. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1986. p. 47-63-168–70. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c5f97747-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

5.

Dietrich Rueschemeyer. Introduction: the Problem of Capitalist Development and Democracy. In: Capitalist development and democracy [Internet]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1992. p. 1-11–309. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0b3a704f-4e36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

6.

Huntington SP. The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. Vol. The Julian J. Rothbaum distinguished lecture series. Norman [Okla.]: University of Oklahoma Press; 1991.

7.

Carles Boix, Susan C. Stokes. Endogenous democratization. World Politics [Internet]. 2003;55(4):517–49. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/25054237

8.

Linz JJ, Stepan AC. Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996.

9.

Dankwart A. Rustow. Transitions to democracy: Toward a dynamic model. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1970;2(3):337–63. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/421307

10.

Przeworski A. Democracy as a contingent outcome of conflicts. In: Constitutionalism and Democracy [Internet]. 1988. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139173629

11.

Peeler JA. Elite settlements and democratic consolidation: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela. In: Elites and Democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1992. p. 81–112. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3d8884da-5a36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

12.

John Higley, Michael G. Burton. The elite variable in democratic transitions and breakdowns. American Sociological Review [Internet]. 1989;54(1):17–32. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095659

13.

Seymour Martin Lipset. Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. The American Political Science Review [Internet]. 1959;53(1):69–105. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/1951731

14.

Jonathan Hartlyn, Arturo Valenzuela. Democracy in Latin America since 1930. In: Leslie Bethell, editor. The Cambridge History of Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. p. 97–162. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-latin-america/democracy-in-latin-america-since-1930/B47ADB618DF2547885A2EE8F9E2A53BA

15.

Peeler JA. Building democracy in Latin America. 3rd ed. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner; 2009.

16.

Diamond L, Hartlyn J, Linz JJ. Introduction: Politics, society, and democracy in Latin America. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America [Internet]. 2nd ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 1999. p. 1–70. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b21150d4-231e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

17.

Remmer KL. Democratization in Latin America. In: Global transformation and the Third World [Internet]. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 1993. p. 91–111. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ffcb6746-241e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

18.

Karl TL, Schmitter PC. Modes of transition in Latin America, Southern and Eastern Europe. International social science journal. 1991;XLIII(128):269–84.

19.

Malloy JM, Seligson MA. Authoritarians and democrats: regime transition in Latin America. Vol. Pitt Latin American series. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1987.

20.

Douglas A. Chalmers, Craig H. Robinson. Why power contenders choose liberalization: Perspectives from South America. International Studies Quarterly [Internet]. 1982;26(1):3–36. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2600597

21.

Marcelo Cavarozzi. Beyond transitions to democracy in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 1992;24(3):665–84. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/156779

22.

Garretón Merino MA, Newman E. Democracy in Latin America: (re)constructing political society. Vol. Changing nature of democracy. Tokyo: United Nations University Press; 2001.

23.

Georgina Waylen. Women and democratization: Conceptualizing gender relations in transition politics. World Politics [Internet]. 1994;46(3):327–54. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2950685

24.

Manuel Antonio Garreton M. Human rights in processes of democratisation. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 1994;26(1):221–34. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/157864

25.

Hillman RS, Peeler JA, Cardozo de Da Silva E. Democracy and human rights in Latin America. Westport, Conn: Praeger; 2002.

26.

Alfred Stepan, Cindy Skach. Constitutional frameworks and democratic consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus presidentialism. World Politics [Internet]. 1993;46(1):1–22. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2950664

27.

Ryan E. Carlin, Matthew M. Singer. Support for Polyarchy in the Americas. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 44(11):1500–26. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/44/11

28.

O’Donnell G. Tensions in the bureaucratic-authoritarian state and the question of democracy. In: Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization [Internet]. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press; 1999. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5576ef6b-efbc-e911-80cd-005056af4099

29.

Guillermo O. Tensions in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State and the Question of Democracy. In: The new authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1979. p. 285–318.

30.

O’Donnell G. Notes for the study of processes of political democratization in the wake of the bureaucratic-authoritarian state. In: Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization [Internet]. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press; 1999. p. 109–29. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9f5bd119-e688-e811-80cd-005056af4099

31.

Stepan A. The military in newly democratic regimes: the dimension of military contestation. In: Rethinking military politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone [Internet]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 1988. p. 68–92. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=233c0a7a-6136-e711-80c9-005056af4099

32.

Alfred C. Stepan. The military in newly democratic regimes: the dimension of military prerogatives. In: Rethinking military politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone [Internet]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 1988. p. 93–127. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv15r5d8r.11

33.

Rouquié A. Demilitarization and the institutionalization of military-dominated politics in Latin America. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1986. p. 108–36.

34.

Rouquié A. The military and the state in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1987.

35.

David Pion-Berlin. Military autonomy and emerging democracies in South America. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1992;25(1):83–102. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422098

36.

Wendy Hunter. Contradictions of civilian control: Argentina, Brazil and Chile in the 1990s. Third World Quarterly [Internet]. 1994;15(4):633–53. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3993062

37.

Fitch JS. Democracy, human rights, and the armed forces in Latin America. In: The United States and Latin America in the 1990s: beyond the cold war. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 1992. p. 181–213.

38.

Panizza F. Human Rights in the Processes of Transition and Consolidation of Democracy in Latin America. Political Studies. 1995 Mar;43(1):168–88.

39.

Pereira AW. Political (in)justice: authoritarianism and the rule of law in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina. Vol. Pitt Latin American series. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press; 2005.

40.

J. Samuel Valenzuela. Labor movements in transitions to democracy: A framework for analysis. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1989;21(4):445–72. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/422007

41.

Christian Smith. The spirit and democracy: Base communities, Protestantism, and democratization in Latin America. Sociology of Religion [Internet]. 1994;55(2):119–43. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3711853

42.

Friedman EJ, Hochstetler K. Assessing the third transition in Latin American democratization: Representational regimes and civil society in Argentina and Brazil. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2002;35(1):21–42. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4146926

43.

Scott Mainwaring, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán. Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139047845

44.

Torre JC, de Riz L. Argentina since 1946. In: Bethell L, editor. The Cambridge History of Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991. p. 73–194. Available from: http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139055246A006

45.

Carlos H. Waisman. Argentina: Capitalism and democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. 2nd ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 1999. p. 71–130.

46.

Cavarozzi M. Political cycles in Argentina since 1955. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule - Latin America [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1986. p. 19–48. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a62863ab-212d-ed11-bd6e-0050f2f06092

47.

McGuire JW. Political parties and democracy in Argentina. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America [Internet]. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1995. p. 200–46. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=16fc7b7e-6d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

48.

Waisman CH, Peralta-Ramos M. From military rule to liberal democracy in Argentina. Vol. Westview special studies on Latin America and the Caribbean. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1986.

49.

Epstein EC. The new Argentine democracy: the search for a successful formula. Westport, Conn: Praeger; 1992.

50.

Tulchin JS, Garland AM. Argentina: the challenges of modernization. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources; 1998.

51.

Brysk A. The politics of human rights in Argentina: protest, change, and democratization. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1994.

52.

Elizabeth Jelin. The politics of memory: The human rights movements and the construction of democracy in Argentina. Latin American Perspectives [Internet]. 1994;21(2):38–58. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2633874

53.

Navarro M. The personal is political: Las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo. In: Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements [Internet]. Updated and expanded ed. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2001. p. 241–58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520352148

54.

Luis Roniger, Mario Sznajder. The legacy of human-rights violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay [Internet]. Vol. Oxford studies in democratization. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296157.001.0001

55.

Munck GL. Authoritarianism and democratization: soldiers and workers in Argentina, 1976-1983. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1998.

56.

Norden DL. Military rebellion in Argentina: between coups and consolidation. Lincoln [Neb.]: University of Nebraska Press; 1996.

57.

Deborah L. Norden. Democratic consolidation and military professionalism: Argentina in the 1980s. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1990;32(3):151–76. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/166091

58.

David Pion-Berlin. Between confrontation and accommodation: Military and government policy in democratic Argentina. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2009;23(03):543–71. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/8E7FBCE207947ADAE8F74A7519FF21E3

59.

Pion-Berlin D. Through corridors of power: institutions and civil-military relations in Argentina. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1997.

60.

McGuire JW. Peronism without Perón: unions, parties, and democracy in Argentina. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1997.

61.

Georgina Waylen. Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2000;32(03):765–93. Available from: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=59541

62.

Tricia Gray. Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2003 Jan;22(1):52–78. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/1

63.

Lewis CM, Torrents N. Argentina in the crisis years (1983-1990): from Alfonsin to Menem. London: Institute of Latin American Studies; 1993.

64.

Enrique Peruzzotti. The nature of the new Argentine democracy. The delegative democracy argument revisited. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2001;33(1):133–55. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3653649

65.

Carlos S. Nino. Hyper-presidentialism and constitutional reform in Argentina. In: Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America [Internet]. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1996. p. 161–74. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780429499784/institutional-design-new-democracies-arend-lijphart-carlos-waisman

66.

Mark P. Jones. Evaluating Argentina’s presidential democracy: 1983-1995. In: Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997. p. 259–99. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/presidentialism-and-democracy-in-latin-america/evaluating-argentinas-presidential-democracy-19831995/3B4AF850E6A29917359DEC5B66D5E17D

67.

Levitsky S. Argentina: From crisis to consolidation (and back). In: Domínguez JI, Shifter M, editors. Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. Fourth edition. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press; 2013.

68.

Levitsky S. Argentina: Democratic survival amidst economic failure. In: The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks [Internet]. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2005. p. 63–89. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791116.003

69.

Angell A. Chile since 1958. In: Bethell L, editor. The Cambridge History of Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991. p. 311–82. Available from: http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139055246A011

70.

Arturo V. Chile: Origins and consolidation of a Latin American democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. 2nd ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 1999. p. 120–247.

71.

Scully TR. Reconstituting party politics in Chile. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1995. p. 100–37.

72.

Agüero F. Chile: unfinished transition and increased political competition. In: Constructing democratic governance in Latin America [Internet]. 2nd ed. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2003. p. 292-424-320–432. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=bc61da8d-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

73.

Drake PW, Jaksic I. The struggle for democracy in Chile, 1982-1990. Vol. Latin American studies series. Lincoln, Neb: University of Nebraska Press; 1991.

74.

Valenzuela JS, Valenzuela A. Party oppositions under the Chilean authoritarian regime. In: Military rule in Chile: dictatorship and oppositions [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1986. p. 184–229. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=699ce81d-cf1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

75.

Brian Loveman. Military dictatorship and political opposition in Chile, 1973-1986. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1986;28(4):1–38. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/165745

76.

Brian Loveman. Mision cumplida? Civil military relations and the Chilean political transition. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1991;33(3):35–74. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/165933

77.

Alan Angell, Benny Pollack. The Chilean elections of 1989 and the politics of the transition to democracy. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 1990;9(1):1–23. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3338214

78.

Alan Angell, Benny Pollack. The Chilean presidential elections of 1999-2000 and democratic consolidation. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2000;19(3):357–78. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3339299

79.

James C. Cavendish. Christian base communities and the building of democracy: Brazil and Chile. Sociology of Religion [Internet]. 1994;55(2):179–95. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3711856

80.

Philip Oxhorn. Understanding political change after authoritarian rule: The popular sectors and Chile’s new democratic regime. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2009;26(3):737–59. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/0F0130D5A55FD6A5EA777BF7A0F00A99

81.

Manuel Antonio Garreton Merino. Redemocratization in Chile. Journal of Democracy [Internet]. 1995;6(1):146–58. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/981

82.

Mark Ensalaco. In with the new, out with the old? The democratising impact of constitutional reform in Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 1994;26(2):409–29. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/1CD1A0E686B626466E749662A3BC3C2D

83.

Jonathan R. Barton, Warwick E. Murray. The end of transition? Chile 1990-2000. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2002;21(3):329–38. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3339683

84.

Alexander Wilde. Irruptions of Memory: Expressive  Politics in Chile’s Transition to  Democracy. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2000;31(02):473–500. Available from: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=16647&fulltextType=SC&fileId=S0022216X99005349

85.

Georgina Waylen. Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 32(03):765–93. Available from: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=59541&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0022216X00005939

86.

Tricia Gray. Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 22(1):52–78. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/1

87.

Alexandra Barahona de Brito. Human rights and democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile [Internet]. Vol. Oxford studies in democratization. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198280386.001.0001

88.

Luis Roniger, Mario Sznajder. The legacy of human-rights violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay [Internet]. Vol. Oxford studies in democratization. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296157.001.0001

89.

J. Samuel Valenzuela, Timothy R. Scully. Electoral choices and the party system in Chile: Continuities and changes at the recovery of democracy. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1997;29(4):511–27. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422017

90.

Peter Siavelis, Arturo Valenzuela. Electoral engineering and democratic stability: The legacy of authoritarian rule in Chile. In: Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America [Internet]. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1996. p. 77–99. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=896a4818-221e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

91.

Rhoda Rabkin. Redemocratization, electoral engineering, and party strategies in Chile, 1989-1995. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 29(3):335–56. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/29/3

92.

Arturo Valenzuela. Party politics and the failure of presidentialism in Chile. In: The failure of presidential democracy: The Case of Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994.

93.

Paul W. Posner. Popular Representation and Political Dissatisfaction in Chile’s New Democracy. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1999 Spring;41(1):v-+ 59-85. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-interamerican-studies-and-world-affairs/issue/52E85C3441EAFB0FC93A09449D313329

94.

Roberts KM. Deepening democracy?: the modern left and social movements in Chile and Peru. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1998.

95.

Vergara P. Market economy, social welfare and democratic consolidation in Chile. In: Democracy, markets, and structural reform in Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico [Internet]. Miami, Fla: North-South Center Press, University of Miami; 1994. p. 237–61. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=004562d2-6228-ed11-bd6e-0050f2f06092

96.

Patrick S. Barrett. The limits of democracy: Socio-political compromise and regime change in post-Pinochet Chile. Studies in Comparative International Development [Internet]. 34(3):3–36. Available from: https://link.springer.com/journal/12116/volumes-and-issues/34-3

97.

Peter M. Siavelis. Electoral system, coalitional disintegration, and the future of Chile’s concertación. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 2005;40(1):56–82. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1555365

98.

Patricio Silva. Doing politics in a depoliticised society: Social change and political deactivation in Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 23(1):63–78. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/1

99.

J. Samuel Valenzuela, Timothy R. Scully, Nicolás Somma. The enduring presence of religion in Chilean ideological positionings and voter options. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2007;40(1):1–20. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20434061

100.

Alan Angell. Democratic governance in Chile. In: Democratic governance in Latin America [Internet]. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 2010. p. 269–306. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a7d3f261-d01e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

101.

Juan Pablo Luna, David Altman. Uprooted but Stable: Chilean Parties and the Concept of Party System Institutionalization. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 53(2):1–28. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/C9D5E20E1843AA5A2AC713BF738E83A9

102.

Lamounier B. Brazil: Inequality against democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America [Internet]. 2nd ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 1999. p. 131–89. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=09dd7698-221e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

103.

Bruneau T. Brazil’s political transition. In: Elites and democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1992. p. 257–81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173902.010

104.

Frances Hagopian. ‘Democracy by undemocratic means’?: Elites, political pacts, and regime transition in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 23(2):147–70. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/23/2

105.

Mainwaring S. Brazil: Weak parties, feckless democracy. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1995. p. 354–98.

106.

Bolívar Lamounier. Brazil: An Assessment of the Cardoso Administration. In: Jorge I. Domínguez, Michael Shifter, editors. Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. Fourth edition. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press; 2013. p. 269–91.

107.

Kingstone PR, Power TJ. Democratic Brazil: actors, institutions, and processes. Vol. Pitt Latin American series. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press; 2000.

108.

Skidmore TE. The politics of military rule in Brazil, 1964-85. New York: Oxford University Press; 1988.

109.

Hunter W. Eroding military influence in Brazil: politicians against soldiers. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 1997.

110.

Mainwaring S. Rethinking party systems in the third wave of democratization: the case of Brazil. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1999.

111.

Stepan AC. Democratizing Brazil: problems of transition and consolidation. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989.

112.

Scott Mainwaring. Politicians, parties, and electoral systems: Brazil in comparative perspective. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1991;24(1):21–43. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422200

113.

Lamounier B. Presidentialism and parliamentarism in Brazil. In: Parliamentary versus presidential government [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992. p. 133–6. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=7c211100-0b1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

114.

Martínez-Lara J, St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford). Building democracy in Brazil: the politics of constitutional change, 1985-95. Vol. St. Antony’s series. Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with St. Antony’s College; 1996.

115.

Barry Ames. The deadlock of democracy in Brazil [Internet]. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 2001. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780472021437/

116.

Hagopian F. Traditional politics and regime change in Brazil. Vol. Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996.

117.

Martínez-Lara J, St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford). Building democracy in Brazil: the politics of constitutional change, 1985-95. Vol. St. Antony’s series. Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with St. Antony’s College; 1996.

118.

Keck ME. The Workers’ Party and democratization in Brazil. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1992.

119.

Sader E, Silverstein K. Without fear of being happy: Lula, the Workers Party and Brazil. London: Verso; 1991.

120.

Payne LA. Brazilian industrialists and democratic change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994.

121.

Power TJ. The political right in postauthoritarian Brazil: elites, institutions, and democratization. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2000.

122.

Souza CM de. Constitutional engineering in Brazil: the politics of federalism and decentralization. Basingstoke: Macmillan; 1997.

123.

Alvarez SE. Engendering democracy in Brazil: women’s movements in transition politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 1990.

124.

James C. Cavendish. Christian base communities and the building of democracy: Brazil and Chile. Sociology of Religion [Internet]. 1994;55(2):179–95. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3711856

125.

Purcell SK, Roett R. Brazil under Cardoso. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner Publishers; 1997.

126.

Kurt Weyland. Obstacles to social reform in Brazil’s new democracy. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1996;29(1):1–22. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422180

127.

Kurt Weyland. The Brazilian state in the new democracy. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1997;39(4):63–94. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/166424

128.

S. Mainwaring. Urban popular movements, identity, and democratization in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 20(2):131–59. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/20/2

129.

Kinzo MDG, University of London. Brazil, the challenges of the 1990s. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London; 1993.

130.

Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs. 40(4). Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/i208876

131.

Ron Ahnen. Between tyranny of the majority and liberty: The persistence of human rights violations under democracy in Brazil. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 22(3):319–39. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/3

132.

Kees Koonings. Strengthening citizenship in Brazil’s democracy: Local participatory governance in Porto Alegre. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 23(1):79–99. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/1

133.

Kurt Wayland. The growing sustainability of Brazil’s low-quality democracy. In: The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks [Internet]. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2005. p. 120–90. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791116

134.

Brian, Wampler. Participatory publics: Civil society and new institutions in democratic Brazil. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2004;36(3):291–312. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4150132

135.

Ronald E. Ahnen. The politics of police violence in democratic Brazil. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2007;49(1):141–64. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490510

136.

Brian Wampler. When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2008;41(1):61–81. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434105

137.

Alfredo Alejandro Gugliano, Carlos Artur Gallo. On the Ruins of the Democratic Transition: Human Rights as an Agenda Item in Abeyance for the Brazilian Democracy. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2013;32(3):325–38. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2013/32/3

138.

Lamounier B. Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America. In: Domínguez JI, Shifter M, editors. Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. Fourth edition. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press; 2013.

139.

Kingstone PR, Power TJ. Democratic Brazil: actors, institutions, and processes. Vol. Pitt Latin American series. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press; 2000.

140.

Ewell J. Venezuela since 1930. In: Bethell L, editor. The Cambridge History of Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991. p. 727–90. Available from: http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139055246A020

141.

Levine DH. Venezuela since 1958: The consolidation of democratic politics. In: The breakdown of democratic regimes [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1978. p. 82–109. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ce6c7a11-392d-ed11-bd6e-0050f2f06092

142.

Peeler JA. Elite settlements and democratic consolidation: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela. In: Elites and Democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1992. p. 81–112. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173902

143.

Bryan T. Froehle. Religious competition, community building, and democracy in Latin America: Grassroots religious organizations in Venezuela. Sociology of Religion [Internet]. 1994;55(2):145–62. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3711854

144.

Levine DH, Crisp BF. Venezuela: The character, crisis, and possible future of democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America [Internet]. 2nd ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 1999. p. 367–428. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=48cbc81a-7d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

145.

Levine DH. Conflict and political change in Venezuela. 1973.

146.

Martz JD, Myers DJ. Venezuela: the democratic experience. Rev. ed. New York: Praeger; 1986.

147.

Kevin Neuhouser. Democratic stability in Venezuela: Elite consensus or class compromise? American Sociological Review [Internet]. 1992;57(1):117–35. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2096148

148.

Daniel H. Levine. The transition to democracy: are there lessons from Venezuela? Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 1985;4(2):47–61. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3338315

149.

Terry Lynn Karl. Petroleum and political pacts: The transition to democracy in Venezuela. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 1987;22(1):63–94. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2503543

150.

Kornblith M, Levine DH. Venezuela: The life and times of the party system. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1995. p. 37–71.

151.

Coppedge MJ. Strong parties and lame ducks: a study of the quality and stability of Venezuelan democracy. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI; 1992.

152.

John D. Martz. Party elites and leadership in Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 1992;24(1):87–121. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/156673

153.

Goodman LW. Lessons of the Venezuelan experience. Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; 1994.

154.

Trinkunas HA. Crafting civilian control of the military in Venezuela: a comparative perspective [Internet]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 2005. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781469603643/

155.

Ricardo Córdova Macías. El Salvador: transition from civil war. In: Constructing democratic governance: Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s : themes and issues. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996. p. 26–49.

156.

Tulchin JS, Bland G. Is there a transition to democracy in El Salvador? Vol. Woodrow Wilson Center current studies on Latin America. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers; 1992.

157.

Elisabeth J. Wood. Civil war and the transformation of elite representation in El Salvador. In: Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000. p. 223–54. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=75734&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_223

158.

Knut Walter, Philip J. Williams. The military and democratization in El Salvador. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1993;35(1):39–88. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/166102

159.

Charles T. Call. Democratisation, war and state-building: Constructing the rule of law in El Salvador. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2003;35(4):827–62. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875834

160.

Charles T. Call. War transitions and the new civilian security in Latin America. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2002;35(1):1–20. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4146925

161.

J. Michael Dodson, Donald W. Jackson. Re‐inventing the rule of law: Human rights in El Salvador. Democratization [Internet]. 4(4):110–34. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fdem20/4/4

162.

Weiss Fagen P. El Salvador: Lessons in peace consolidation. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996. p. 213–37. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4bb15f56-231e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

163.

Enrique A. Baloyra-Herp. Elections, civil war, and transition in El Salvador, 1982-1994. In: Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited [Internet]. New&enl. ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 1995. p. 45–65. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1a2bf9f1-cf1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

164.

Wood EJ. Challenges to political democracy in El Salvador. In: The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks [Internet]. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2005. p. 79–201. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/third-wave-of-democratization-in-latin-america/challenges-to-political-democracy-in-el-salvador/18FB61E171CFA0D304BAA89E966F2B88

165.

Rachel Sieder. War, peace, and memory politics in Central America. In: The politics of memory: transitional justice in democratizing societies [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001. p. 161–89. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/27029/chapter/196301676

166.

Angelika Rettberg. The private sector and peace in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Colombia. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2007;39(3):463–94. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40056541

167.

Dinorah Azpuru. The Salience of Ideology: Fifteen Years of Presidential Elections in El Salvador. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 52(2):103–38. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/396E17C3C77246FB3CB3702525E8C602

168.

Sonja Wolf. Subverting Democracy: Elite Rule and the Limits of Political Participation in Post-War El Salvador. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 41(3):429–65. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/EB85296E3995CC66122DF7EC0066A410

169.

Alisha C. Holland. Insurgent Successor Parties: Scaling Down to Build a Party after War. In: Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyck, Jorge I Dominguez, editors. Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016. p. 245–72. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/challenges-of-partybuilding-in-latin-america/insurgent-successor-parties/AA98AF3E8364B63135B44DA6201921F6

170.

Booth JA. The end and the beginning: the Nicaraguan Revolution. Vol. Westview special studies on Latin America and the Caribbean. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1982.

171.

Philip J. Williams. Dual transitions from authoritarian rule: Popular and electoral democracy in Nicaragua. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1994;26(2):169–85. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/422266

172.

Spalding RJ. Nicaragua: Politics, poverty and polarization. In: Domínguez JI, Lowenthal AF, editors. Constructing democratic governance: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s [Internet]. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996. p. 3-25-199–206. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=6ac1ac73-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

173.

Arnson C, Tulchin JS, Woodrow Wilson International Center For Scholars. Latin American Program. Nicaragua’s search for democratic consensus [Internet]. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; 1995. Available from: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/

174.

Anderson L. Elections and public opinion in the development of Nicaraguan democracy. In: Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited. New&enl. ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 1995. p. 84–102.

175.

Gilbert D. Sandinistas: the party and the revolution. Cambridge, Mass., USA: B. Blackwell; 1990.

176.

Anderson L, Dodd LC. Learning democracy: citizen engagement and electoral choice in Nicaragua, 1990-2001. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005.

177.

Magda Hinojosa, Ana Vijil Gurdián. Alternative Paths to Power? Women’s Political Representation in Nicaragua. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 54(4):61–88. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/9A7579F13B061ADCD68BA5FB546F7C0A

178.

Forrest D. Colburn, Arturo S. Cruz. Personalism and Populism in Nicaragua. Journal of Democracy [Internet]. 23(2):104–18. Available from: http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/personalism-and-populism-nicaragua

179.

Salvador Martí i Puig. The Adaptation of the FSLN: Daniel Ortega’s Leadership and Democracy in Nicaragua. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 52(4):79–106. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/B29056916F741D8E2B61292ECF0D9530

180.

Lynn R. Horton. From Collectivism to Capitalism: Neoliberalism and Rural Mobilization in Nicaragua. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 55(1):119–40. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/1DD0A4BCF4B7F1B3297BF6A236D93804

181.

Middlebrook KJ. Mexico’s democratic transitions: Dynamics and prospects. In: Dilemmas of political change in Mexico [Internet]. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London; 2004. p. 1–53. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3568cd93-8f36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

182.

Kenneth F. Greene, Mariano Sánchez-Talanquer. Authoritarian Legacies and Party System Stability in Mexico. In: Mainwaring S, editor. Party Systems in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2018. p. 201–26. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/party-systems-in-latin-america/A62FA6AE29245CAB328B2AEB45DD4D1A

183.

Laurence Whitehead. Prospects for a ‘transition’ from authoritarian rule in Mexico. In: Maria Lorena Cook, Kevin J. Middlebrook, Juan Molinar Horcasitas, editors. The politics of economic restructuring: state-society relations and regime change in Mexico. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego; 1994. p. 327–46.

184.

Ilán Bizberg. Transition or restructuring of society? In: Mexico’s politics and society in transition [Internet]. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner; 2003. p. 143–75. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=83c4157a-4c28-ed11-bd6e-0050f2f06092

185.

Darren Wallis. The Mexican presidential and congressional elections of 2000 and democratic transition. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2001;20(3):304–23. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3339731

186.

Maria L. Cook, Kevin J. Middlebrook, Juan Molinar Horcasitas. The politics of economic restructuring in Mexico: actors, sequencing, and coalition change. In: The politics of economic restructuring: state-society relations and regime change in Mexico. [San Diego]: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego; 1994. p. 3–52.

187.

Roderic Ai Camp. The cross in the polling booth: religion, politics, and the laity in Mexico. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 1994;29(3):69–100. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2503943

188.

Bruhn K. Taking on Goliath: the emergence of a new left party and the struggle for democracy in Mexico. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1997.

189.

Middlebrook KJ. Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. Vol. U.S.-Mexico contemporary perspectives series. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California; 2001.

190.

Lawson CH. Building the fourth estate: democratization and the rise of a free press in Mexico. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press; 2002.

191.

Haber P. Power from experience: urban popular movements in late twentieth-century Mexico. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2006.

192.

Domínguez JI, McCann JA. Democratizing Mexico: public opinion and electoral choices. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996.

193.

Review by: Joseph L. Klesner. An electoral route to democracy? Mexico’s transition in comparative perspective. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1998;30(4):477–97. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/422335

194.

James A. McCann. An electorate adrift? Public opinion and the quality of democracy in Mexico. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 2003;38(3):60–81. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1555450

195.

Joseph L. Klesner. Who participates? Determinants of political action in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2009;51(2):59–90. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20622726

196.

Domínguez JI, Poiré A, Conference on Mexican Democratization. Toward Mexico’s democratization: parties, campaigns, elections, and public opinion. New York: Routledge; 1999.

197.

Serrano M, University of London. Governing Mexico: political parties and elections. London: Institute of Latin American Studies; 1998.

198.

Judith Teichman. Neoliberalism and the transformation of Mexican authoritarianism. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos [Internet]. 13(1):121–47. Available from: https://online.ucpress.edu/msem/issue/13/1

199.

Domínguez JI, Lawson CH. Mexico’s pivotal democratic election: candidates, voters, and the presidential campaign of 2000. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 2004.

200.

Covarrubias A. El ámbito internacional y el proceso de cambio político en México. In: Caminos a la democracia. 1 ed. México, D.F.: Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Colegio de México; 2001.

201.

Dresser D. Treading lightly and without a stick: International actors and the promotion of democracy in Mexico. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996. p. 316–42.

202.

Jorge I. Dominguez, Chappell Lawson, editors. Consolidating Mexico’s democracy : the 2006 presidential campaign in comparative perspective. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press; 2009.

203.

Jonathan T. Hiskey, Gary L. Goodman. The Participation Paradox of Indigenous Autonomy in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 53(2):61–86. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/C9D5E20E1843AA5A2AC713BF738E83A9

204.

D. Xavier Medina Vidal, Antonio Ugues Jr., Shaun Bowler, Jonathan Hiskey. Partisan Attachment and Democracy in Mexico: Some Cautionary Observations. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 52(1):63–87. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/E416F6A7E7CEC326E92730DFC2CDF6F8

205.

Tina Hilgers. Causes and Consequences of Political Clientelism: Mexico’s PRD in Comparative Perspective. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 50(4):123–53. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/FB6B42355B7DA088EC1E262034FA3AC2

206.

Claudio A. Holzner. The Poverty of Democracy: Neoliberal Reforms and Political Participation of the Poor in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 49(2):87–122. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/7EF18403513014BE4F87A387EF76A57E

207.

Claudio A. Holzner. Authoritarian Legacies and Democratic Consolidation in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 51(3):143–59. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/B132A9A3394F27B820682F901E24CC5F

208.

Kenneth F. Greene. The Niche Party: Authoritarian Regime Legacies and Party-Building in New Democracies. In: Levitsky S, Loxton J, Van Dyck B, Dominguez JI, editors. Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016. p. 133–58. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316550564

209.

Julio Ríos-Figueroa. Fragmentation of Power and the Emergence of an Effective Judiciary in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 49(1):31–57. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/58139B5E75A41B7454F1C67A5E4D9A57

210.

Roderic Ai Camp. The 2012 Presidential Election and What It Reveals about Mexican Voters. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 45(3):451–81. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/3D1297774E101DA14F5FFF003F167417

211.

Sonja Wolf. Drugs, Violence, and Corruption: Perspectives from Mexico and Central America. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2016 Mar;58(1):146–55. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/EE92F54B0628787829D2A9CBD8D5177D

212.

O’Donnell G, Schmitter PC. Convoking elections (and provoking parties). In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: Tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies [Internet]. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2013. p. 66–74. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0e68d9bc-738d-ec11-a507-a04a5e5d2f8d

213.

Mainwaring S, Scully TR. Introduction: party systems in Latin America. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1995. p. 1–36.

214.

Scott Mainwaring, Fernando Bizzarro, Ana Petrova. Party System Institutionalization, Decay, and Collapse. In: Scott Mainwaring, editor. Party Systems in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2018. p. 17–33. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/party-systems-in-latin-america/A62FA6AE29245CAB328B2AEB45DD4D1A

215.

Scott Mainwaring. Party System Institutionalization, Predictability, and Democracy. In: Mainwaring S, editor. Party Systems in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2018. p. 71–101. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/party-systems-in-latin-america/party-system-institutionalization-predictability-and-democracy/E5D3C5B41BC3DD03A15B57D0DDE8DCF4

216.

Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyck. Introduction: Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. In: Levitsky S, Loxton J, Van Dyck B, Dominguez JI, editors. Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016. p. 1–48. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316550564

217.

Herbert Kitschelt, Kirk A. Hawkins, Juan Pablo Luna, Guillermo Rosas, Elizabeth J. Zechmeister. Latin American Party Systems [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750311

218.

O’Donnell G. Delegative democracy. In: Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press; 1999.

219.

Helmke G, Levitsky S. Informal institutions and democracy: lessons from Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2006.

220.

César Cansino. Party government in Latin America: Theoretical guidelines for an empirical analysis. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique [Internet]. 1995;16(2):169–82. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/1601457

221.

Robert H. Dix. Democratization and the institutionalization of Latin American political parties. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 24(4):488–511. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/24/4

222.

Robert H. Dix. Cleavage structures and party systems in Latin America. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1989;22(1):23–37. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422320

223.

Dominguez JI, editor. Parties, elections, and political participation in Latin America. New York: Garland Pub.; 1994.

224.

McDonald RH, Ruhl JM. Party politics and elections in Latin America. Boulder: Westview Press; 1989.

225.

Wills-Otero L. Electoral systems in Latin America: Explaining the adoption of proportional representation systems during the Twentieth century. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2009;51(3):33–58. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20622740

226.

Karen L. Remmer. The political economy of elections in Latin America, 1980-1991. The American Political Science Review [Internet]. 1993;87(2):393–407. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2939049

227.

Drake PW, Silva E, Middlebrook KJ, University of California. Elections and democratization in Latin America, 1980-1985. San Diego, Calif: Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies, University of California; 1986.

228.

Dietz HA, Shidlo G. Urban elections in democratic Latin America. Vol. Latin American silhouettes. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources; 1998.

229.

Lijphart A, Waisman CH. Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America [Internet]. [Place of publication not identified]: Routledge; 2018. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429499784

230.

Mark P. Jones. Presidential election laws and multipartism in Latin America. Political Research Quarterly [Internet]. 1994;47(1):41–57. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/448901

231.

Mark P. Jones. A guide to the electoral systems of the Americas. Electoral studies [Internet]. 14(1):5–21. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/026137949400021Z

232.

Kevin J Middlebrook. Introduction: Conservative parties, elite representation, and democracy in Latin America. In: Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000. p. 1–52. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=75734&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_1

233.

Gibson EL. Class and conservative parties: Argentina in comparative perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996.

234.

Mainwaring S, Scully T. Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 2003.

235.

Alan Angell. The Left in Latin America since c. 1920. In: Leslie Bethell, editor. The Cambridge History of Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. p. 163–232. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-latin-america/left-in-latin-america-since-c-1920/D9EB4BFAE5637CAF27553D034DB00A0E

236.

Mainwaring S. Rethinking party systems in the third wave of democratization: the case of Brazil. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1999.

237.

Scott Mainwaring. Political parties and democratization in Brazil and the Southern Cone. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1988;21(1):91–120. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422073

238.

Cavarozzi M, Garreton Merino MA. Muerte y resurrección: los partidos políticos en el autoritarismo y las transiciones del Cono Sur. Vol. Serie Libros FLACSO-Chile. [Santiago, Chile]: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales; 1989.

239.

Seligson MA, Booth JA. Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited. New&enl. ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 1995.

240.

Michael Coppedge. Parties and society in Mexico and Venezuela: Why competition matters. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1993;25(3):253–74. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422245

241.

Leiv Marsteintredet. Reducing the perils of presidentialism in Latin America through presidential interruptions. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2008;41(1):83–101. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434106

242.

Javier Corrales. Can Anyone Stop the President? Power Asymmetries and Term Limits in Latin America, 1984-2016. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2016 Jun;58(2):3–25. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/41DC4970DD2E41219CF04C909A11FA79

243.

Goldfrank B. The politics of deepening local democracy: Decentralization, party institutionalization, and participation. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2007;39(2):147–68. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434031

244.

Brian Wampler. When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2008;41(1):61–81. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434105

245.

McCoy J. Political learning and redemocratization in Latin America: do politicians learn from political crises? Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press, University of Miami; 1999.

246.

Mainwaring S, O’Donnell GA, Valenzuela JS. Issues in democratic consolidation: the new South American democracies in comparative perspective. Notre Dame, Ind: Published for the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies by University of Notre Dame Press; 1992.

247.

Anita Breuer. The problematic relation between direct democracy and accountability in Latin America: Evidence from the Bolivian case. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 27(1):1–23. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2008/27/1

248.

John Crabtree. Democracy without parties? Some lessons from Peru. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 42(02):357–82. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/3534E9D8696191781BDA6D1CC4489438

249.

Tricia Gray. Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 22(1):52–78. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/1

250.

Luis F. Miguel. Political representation and gender in Brazil: Quotas for women and their impact. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 27(2):197–214. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2008/27/2

251.

Htun M. Inclusion without Representation in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139021067

252.

Jóhanna Kristín Birnir, Donna Lee Van Cott. Disunity in diversity: Party system fragmentation and the dynamic effect of ethnic heterogeneity on Latin American legislatures. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 2007;42(1):99–125. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4499355

253.

Carlos Pereira, Marcus Andre Melo. The Surprising Success of Multiparty Presidentialism. Journal of Democracy [Internet]. 23(3):156–70. Available from: http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/surprising-success-multiparty-presidentialism

254.

Daniel Altschuler, Javier Corrales. The Spillover Effects of Participatory Governance: Evidence from Community-Managed Schools in Honduras and Guatemala. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 2012;45(5):636–66. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/46/5

255.

Angélica Durán-Martínez. Presidents, Parties, and Referenda in Latin America. Comparative political studies [Internet]. 45(9):1159–87. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/45/9

256.

Fabrice Lehoucj, Aníbal Pérez-Líñan. Breaking Out of the Coup Trap: Competition and Military Coups in Latin America. Comparative political studies [Internet]. 47(8):1105–29. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/47/8

257.

Kenneth M. Roberts. Market Reform, Programmatic (De)alignment, and Party System Stability in Latin America. Comparative political studies [Internet]. 46(11):1422–52. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/46/11

258.

Kenneth M. Roberts. Changing Course in Latin America: Party systems in the neoliberal era [Internet]. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2014. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511842856

259.

Tarrow SG. Power in movement: social movements and contentious politics [Internet]. Rev. & updated 3rd ed. Vol. Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9781139010856

260.

Marysa Navarro. The Personal Is Political: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo. In: Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements [Internet]. Updated and expanded ed. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2001. p. 241–58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520352148

261.

Oxhorn P. Organizing civil society: the popular sectors and the struggle for democracy in Chile. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1995.

262.

Jonathan Fox. The difficult transition from clientelism to citizenship: Lessons from Mexico. In: The new politics of inequality in Latin America: rethinking participation and representation [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997. p. 391–420. Available from: https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0198781830.001.0001/acprof-9780198781837-chapter-16

263.

Jonathan Fox. How does civil society ‘thicken’? the political construction of social capital in rural Mexico. World development [Internet]. 24(6):1089–103. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/world-development/vol/24/issue/6

264.

Daniel H. Levine, Scott Mainwaring. Religion and Popular Protest in Latin America: Contrasting Experiences. In: Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements [Internet]. Updated and expanded ed. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2001. p. 203–40. Available from: https://www-degruyter-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/document/doi/10.1525/9780520352148/html

265.

Levine DH. Popular voices in Latin American Catholicism. Vol. Studies in church and state. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1992.

266.

Steven Levitsky. Organized labor and democracy in Latin America. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2006;39(1):21–42. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434019

267.

Paul G. Buchanan. Preauthoritarian Institutions and Postauthoritarian Outcomes: Labor Politics in Chile and Uruguay. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 50(1):59–89. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/31A6A0477B778508F3537DEDCF90C050

268.

Escobar A, Alvarez SE. The Making of social movements in Latin America: identity, strategy, and democracy. Vol. Series in political economy and economic development in Latin America. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1992.

269.

Johnston H, Almeida P. Latin American social movements: globalization, democratization, and transnational networks. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield; 2006.

270.

Joseph L. Klesner. Social Capital and Political Participation in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 2007;42(2):1–32. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/11694

271.

Benjamin Goldfrank. The politics of deepening local democracy: Decentralization, party institutionalization, and participation. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2007;39(2):147–68. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434031

272.

Brian Wampler. When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2008;41(1):61–81. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434105

273.

Hochstetler K. Can civil society organizations solve the crisis of partisan representation in Latin America? Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2008;50(2):1–32. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130855

274.

Jelin E, Hershberg E. Construir la democracia, derechos humanos, ciudadanía y sociedad en América Latina. 1. ed. Venezuela: Editorial Nueva Sociedad; 1996.

275.

Lynn R. Horton. After democracy: Advances and challenges for women’s movements in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2007;49(1):165–76. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490511

276.

Georgina Waylen. Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2000;32(3):765–93. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/158617

277.

Lisa Baldez. Women’s movements and democratic transition in Chile, Brazil, East Germany, and Poland. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2003;35(3):253–72. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4150176

278.

Horton L. After Democracy: Advances and Challenges for Women’s Movements in Latin America. Latin American Politics & Society. 2007;49(1):165–76.

279.

Franceschet S, Piscopo JM. Gender Quotas and Women’s Substantive Representation: Lessons from Argentina. Politics & Gender [Internet]. 4(3):393–425. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/194669593?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14511

280.

Denise M. Walsh. Does the Quality of Democracy Matter for Women’s Rights? Just Debate and Democratic Transition in Chile and South Africa. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 2012;45(11):1323–50. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/45/11

281.

Schwindt-Bayer LA. Political power and women’s representation in Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010.

282.

Jana Morgan, Melissa Buice. Latin American Attitudes toward Women in Politics: The Influence of Elite Cues, Female Advancement, and Individual Characteristics. American Political Science Review [Internet]. 107(4):644–62. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/issue/901473A29FF4E46F92D5CA594E16E6CB

283.

Htun M. Inclusion without Representation in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139021067

284.

Susan, Franceschet, Jennifer M.Piscopo, Gwynn Thomas. Supermadres, Maternal Legacies and Women’s Political Participation in Contemporary Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2016 Feb;48(01):1–32. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/9AE34C14466969585C0FAF75F932518B

285.

Jennifer M. Piscopo. When Informality Advantages Women: Quota Networks, Electoral Rules and Candidate Selection in Mexico. Government and Opposition [Internet]. 2016 Jul;51(03):487–512. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/issue/7780F41BDDBC2970892C82D2339BA379

286.

Caroline C. Beer, Roderic Ai Camp. Democracy, gender quotas, and political recruitment in Mexico. Politics, Groups, and Identities [Internet]. 2016 Apr 2;4(2):179–95. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rpgi20/4/2

287.

Ron Ahnen. Between tyranny of the majority and liberty: The persistence of human rights violations under democracy in Brazil. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2003 Jul;22(3):319–39. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2003/22/3

288.

Sieder R. Multiculturalism in Latin America: indigenous rights, diversity, and democracy. Vol. Institute of Latin American Studies series. Basingstoke: Palgrave; 2002.

289.

Deborah J. Yashar. Contesting citizenship: Indigenous movements and democracy in Latin America. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 1998;31(1):23–42. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/422104

290.

Deborah J. Yashar. Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America. World Politics [Internet]. 52(1):76–104. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054101

291.

Yashar DJ. Contesting citizenship in Latin America: the rise of indigenous movements and the postliberal challenge [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge studies in contentious politics. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2005. Available from: https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3883622?account_id=14511&usage_group_id=1418191

292.

Donna Lee Van Cott. Institutional Change and Ethnic Parties in South America. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 45(2):1–39. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/A277A85806DA6A9495D995C97C0D7447

293.

Donna Lee Van Cott. From Movements to Parties in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511756115

294.

Donna Lee Van Cott. Radical Democracy in the Andes [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790560

295.

Zamosc L, Postero NG. The struggle for indigenous rights in Latin America. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press; 2004.

296.

Leon Zamosc. The Indian movement and political democracy in Ecuador. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2007;49(3):1–34. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130809

297.

Raúl L. Madrid. The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America. World Politics [Internet]. 60(3):475–508. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/issue/C817EB3D26EE670BB00072B6E924C61F

298.

Raúl Madrid. Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 38(1):1–20. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/i20072908

299.

Roberta Rice, Donna Lee Van Cott. The Emergence and Performance of Indigenous Peoples’ Parties in South America: A Subnational Statistical Analysis. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 2006 Aug 1;39(6):709–32. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/39/6

300.

Raúl L. Madrid. The rise of ethnic politics in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022590

301.

Raúl L. Madrid. Obstacles to ethnic parties in Latin America. In: Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyck, Jorge I Dominguez, editors. Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016. p. 305–304. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316550564

302.

Andersen ME. Peoples of the Earth: ethnonationalism, democracy, and the indigenous challenge in ‘Latin’ America. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books; 2010.

303.

Robert Albro. The Indigenous in the Plural in Bolivian Oppositional Politics. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 24(4):433–53. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2005/24/4

304.

Willem Assies, Ton Salman. Ethnicity and politics in Bolivia. Ethnopolitics [Internet]. 4(3):269–97. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/reno20/4/3

305.

Igidio Naveda Felix. The Reconstitution of Indigenous Peoples in the Peruvian Andes. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies [Internet]. 3(3):309–17. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rlac20/3/3

306.

Rice R. The new politics of protest: indigenous mobilization in Latin America’s neoliberal era. Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 2012.

307.

Kevin Pallister. Why No Mayan Party? Indigenous Movements and National Politics in Guatemala. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 55(3):117–38. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/48CA3D50ED50FA917CEBCAFDA020301F

308.

Guillermo Trejo. Religious Competition and Ethnic Mobilization in Latin America: Why the Catholic Church Promotes Indigenous Movements in Mexico. The American Political Science Review [Internet]. 2009;103(3):323–42. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27798509?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

309.

Trejo G. Popular Movements in Autocracies [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139043250

310.

Stephanie, Rousseau, Anahi, Morales, Hudon. Paths towards Autonomy in Indigenous Women’s Movements: Mexico, Peru, Bolivia. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2016 Feb;48(01):33–60. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/9AE34C14466969585C0FAF75F932518B

311.

Sarah Chartock. "Corporatism With Adjectives”? Conceptualizing Civil Society Incorporation and Indigenous Participation in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 55(2):52–76. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/AFBE6AFC6BF7E25556530F2CD2C4635C

312.

Keck ME, Sikkink K. Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press; 1998.

313.

Encarnación OG. Latin America’s Gay Rights Revolution. Journal of Democracy. 2011;22(2):104–18.

314.

Encarnación OG. Out in the Periphery [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 2016. Available from: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199356645.001.0001/acprof-9780199356645

315.

Marcus J. McGee, Karen Kampwirth. The Co-optation of LGBT Movements in Mexico and Nicaragua: Modernizing Clientelism? Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2015 Dec;57(4):51–73. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/1AEE77E030F762310BBCF4E1F53A7953

316.

Diez J. The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2015. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316162804

317.

Timothy J. Power, Mary A. Clark. Does Trust Matter? Interpersonal Trust and Democratic Values in Chile, Costa Rica, and Mexico. In: Citizen views of democracy in Latin America [Internet]. [Pittsburgh]: University of Pittsburgh Press; 2001. p. 51–70. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjp4v.5

318.

Turner FC. Reassessing political culture. In: Latin America in comparative perspective: new approaches to methods and analysis. Boulder: Westview Press; 1995. p. 195–226.

319.

Alejandro Moreno. Democracy and Mass Belief Systems in Latin America. In: Citizen views of democracy in Latin America [Internet]. [Pittsburgh]: University of Pittsburgh Press; 2001. p. 25–50. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjp4v.4

320.

Oxhorn P. Sustaining civil society: economic change, democracy, and the social construction of citizenship in Latin America [Internet]. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2011. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780271052236/

321.

Jamie Elizabeth Jacobs, Martín Maldonado. Civil society in Argentina: Opportunities and challenges for national and transnational organisation. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2005;37(1):141–72. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875912

322.

Laurence Whitehead. Three international dimensions of democratization. In: The international dimensions of democratization: Europe and the Americas [Internet]. Expanded ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001. p. 3–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199243751.001.0001

323.

Philippe C Schmitter. The influence of the international context upon the choice of national institutions and policies in neo-democracies. In: The international dimensions of democratization: Europe and the Americas [Internet]. Expanded ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001. p. 26–54. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199243751.001.0001

324.

Whitehead L. International aspects of democratization. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1986. p. 3–46.

325.

Steven Levitsky. Linkage versus leverage. Rethinking the international dimension of regime change. Comparative Politics [Internet]. 2006;38(4):379–400. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20434008

326.

H. Yilmaz. External-internal linkages in democratization: Developing an open model of democratic change. Democratization [Internet]. 9(2):67–84. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fdem20/9/2

327.

O’Donnell G. The United States, Latin America, democracy: variations on a very old theme. In: The United States and Latin America in the 1980s: contending perspectives on a decade of crisis [Internet]. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1986. p. 353–77. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=e1e4ba8f-df04-ec11-b563-0050f2f06092

328.

Darren Hawkins. Protecting democracy in Europe and the Americas. International Organization [Internet]. 2008;62(3):373–403. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/40071898

329.

Democratization. 2005;12(4). Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fdem20/12/4

330.

Jon C. Pevehouse. Democracy from Above [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511491078

331.

Schoultz L. National security and United States policy toward Latin America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 1987.

332.

Huntington SP. The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. Vol. The Julian J. Rothbaum distinguished lecture series. Norman [Okla.]: University of Oklahoma Press; 1991.

333.

Remmer KL. External pressures and domestic constraints: The lessons of the four case studies. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996. p. 286–96.

334.

Farer TJ. Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. Vol. An Inter-American Dialogue book. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996.

335.

Lowenthal AF. Exporting democracy: the United States and Latin America : case studies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1991.

336.

Lars Schoutlz. Evolving concepts of intervention: Promoting democracy. In: The globalization of US-Latin American relations: democracy, intervention, and human rights [Internet]. Westport, Conn: Praeger; 2002. p. 27–45. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=f9e6f47e-cc1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

337.

Forsythe DP. The United Nations, democracy, and the Americas. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1996. p. 107–31.

338.

Dexter S. Boniface. Is there a democratic norm in the Americas? An analysis of the organization of American states. Global Governance [Internet]. 2002;8(3):365–81. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/27800350

339.

Legler TF, Lean SF, Boniface DS. Promoting democracy in the Americas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2007.

340.

Craig Arceneaux. Issues, threats, and institutions: Explaining OAS responses to democratic dilemmas in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2007;49(2):1–31. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490521

341.

Andrew F. Cooper. A tale of two mesas: The OAS defense of democracy in Peru and Venezuela. Global Governance [Internet]. 2005;11(4):425–44. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/27800584

342.

Arturo Valenzuela. Paraguay: The coup that didn’t happen. Journal of Democracy [Internet]. 1997;8(1):43–55. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/989

343.

Kevin J. Middlebrook. Electoral observation and democratization in Latin America. In: Electoral observation and democratic transitions in Latin America. La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California; 1998. p. 3–29.

344.

Keck ME, Sikkink K. Transnational advocacy networks in international politics: Introduction. In: Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics [Internet]. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press; 1998. p. 1–38. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=6aa8fc25-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

345.

Sigmund PE. The United States and democracy in Chile. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1993.

346.

Carothers TH. In the name of democracy: U.S. policy toward Latin America in the Reagan years. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1991.

347.

Carothers T. Aiding democracy abroad: the learning curve. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; 1999.

348.

Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. Diffusion and the international context of democratization. International Organization [Internet]. 2006;60(4):911–33. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3877851

349.

Steven E. Finkel. The effects of U.S. foreign assistance on democracy building, 1990-2003. World Politics [Internet]. 2007;59(3):404–38. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/40060164

350.

Carlos Santiso. Promoting democratic governance and preventing the Recurrence of conflict: The role of the United Nations Development Programme in post-conflict peace-building. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2002;34(3):555–86. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875461

351.

Heine J, Thompson AS. Fixing Haiti: MINUSTAH and beyond. Tokyo: United Nations University Press; 2011.

352.

Steven Levitsky, Kenneth M. Roberts. Introduction: Latin America’s "Left Turn”: A Framework for Analysis. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2011. p. 1–28. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421401614/

353.

Steven Levitsky, Kenneth M. Roberts. Conclusion: Democracy, development, and the left. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2011. p. 399–428. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421401614/

354.

Jorge G. Castañeda. Latin America’s left turn. Foreign Affairs [Internet]. 2006;85(3):28–43. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20031965

355.

Castañeda JG, Morales MA. Leftovers: tales of the Latin American left. New York: Routledge; 2008.

356.

Jon Beasley-Murray, Maxwell A Cameron, Eric Hershberg. Latin America’s left turns: an introduction. Third World Quarterly [Internet]. 30(2):319–30. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ctwq20/30/2

357.

Weyland K. The rise of Latin America’s two lefts: Insights from rentier state theory. Comparative Politics. 41(2):145–64.

358.

Maria Victoria Murillo, Virginia Oliveros, Milan Vaishnav. Electoral revolution or democratic alternation? Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 45(3):87–114. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/latin_american_research_review/v045/45.3.murillo.html

359.

David Doyle. The Legitimacy of Political Institutions: Explaining Contemporary Populism in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 44(11):1447–73. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/44/11

360.

Cameron MA, Hershberg E. Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. Boulder [Colo.]: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2010.

361.

Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, Wendy Hunter, editors. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511778742

362.

Philip GDE, Panizza F. The triumph of politics: the return of the left in Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador. Cambridge: Polity; 2011.

363.

Karen L. Remmer. The Rise of Leftist- Populist Governance in Latin America: The Roots of Electoral Change. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 45(8):947–72. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/45/8

364.

Huber E, Stephens JD. Democracy and the left: social policy and inequality in Latin America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 2012.

365.

Gustavo Flores-Macias. After neoliberalism: the left and economic reforms in Latin America [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199891658.001.0001

366.

Ellner S. Latin America’s Radical Left in Power: Complexities and Challenges in the Twenty-first Century. Latin American Perspectives. 40(3):5–25.

367.

Samuel Handlin. Social Protection and the Politicization of Class Cleavages During Latin America’s Left Turn. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 46(12):1582–609. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/46/12

368.

Saskia P. Ruth-Lovell. Clientelism and the Utility of the Left-Right Dimension in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2016 Mar;58(1):72–97. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/EE92F54B0628787829D2A9CBD8D5177D

369.

Kathleen Bruhn. Defining the Left in Latin America. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 2015;50(1):242–9. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/31686

370.

Keck ME. The Workers’ Party and democratization in Brazil. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1992.

371.

Sader E, Silverstein K. Without fear of being happy: Lula, the Workers Party and Brazil. London: Verso; 1991.

372.

Moreira Alves MH. Something old, something new: Brazil’s partido dos trabalhadores. In: The Latin American left: from the fall of Allende to Perestroika [Internet]. Boulder: Westview Press; 1993. p. 225–42. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=74d95db9-6e36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

373.

Wendy Hunter. The normalization of an anomaly: The Workers’ Party in Brazil. World Politics [Internet]. 2007;59(3):440–75. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/40060165

374.

Macaulay F. The purple in the rainbow: Gender politics in the PT. In: Radicals in power: the Workers’ Party (PT) and experiments in urban democracy [Internet]. London: Zed Books; 2003. p. 176–201. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2264202b-8336-e711-80c9-005056af4099

375.

Baiocchi G. The long march through institutions: Lessons from the PT in power. In: Radicals in power: the Workers’ Party (PT) and experiments in urban democracy. London: Zed Books; 2003. p. 206–26.

376.

Günther Schönleitner. Between liberal and participatory democracy: Tensions and dilemmas of leftist politics in Brazil. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2006;38(1):35–63. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875647

377.

Kees Koonings. Strengthening citizenship in Brazil’s democracy: Local participatory governance in Porto Alegre. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 23(1):79–99. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/1

378.

Kingstone PR, Power TJ. Democratic Brazil: actors, institutions, and processes. Vol. Pitt Latin American series. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press; 2000.

379.

Kinzo MDG, Dunkerley J, University of London. Brazil since 1985: politics, economy and society. London: Institute of Latin American Studies; 2003.

380.

Cesar Zucco. The president’s ‘new’ constituency: Lula and the pragmatic vote in Brazil’s 2006 presidential elections. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 40(01):29–49. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/article/presidents-new-constituency-lula-and-the-pragmatic-vote-in-brazils-2006-presidential-elections/77CEF303DEFB36ABB1D572832F706B0D#

381.

Wendy Hunter, Timothy J. Power. Rewarding Lula: Executive power, social policy, and the Brazilian elections of 2006. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2007;49(1):1–30. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490505

382.

Love JL, Baer W. Brazil under Lula: economy, politics, and society under the worker-president. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2009.

383.

French JD. The professor and the worker: Using Brazil to better understand Latin America’s plural left. In: Rethinking intellectuals in Latin America. Madrid: Iberoamericana; 2010.

384.

Anthony Hall. From Fome Zero to Bolsa Família: Social policies and poverty alleviation under Lula. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 38(04):689–709. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/6000664124EFDF86FA32017F3DA8F525

385.

Ronald E. Ahnen. The politics of police violence in democratic Brazil. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2007;49(1):141–64. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4490510

386.

Hunter W. Brazil: The PT in Power. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2011. p. 306–24. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421401614/

387.

Amaury de Souza. The Politics of Personality in Brazil. Journal of Democracy [Internet]. 2011;22(2):75–88. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/22789

388.

Do Amaral, Oswaldo Epower, Timothy, J. The PT at 35: Revisiting Scholarly Interpretations of the Brazilian Workers’ Party. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 48(1):147–71. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1756475771?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14511

389.

Samuels D, Zucco, Jr. C. Party-Building in Brazil: The Rise of the PT in Perspective. In: Levitsky S, Loxton J, Van Dyck B, Dominguez JI, editors. Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016. p. 305–30. Available from: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316550564

390.

Steve Ellner. The radical potential of Chavismo in Venezuela: The first year and a half in power. Latin American Perspectives [Internet]. 2001;28(5):5–32. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3185012

391.

Daniel H. Levine. The decline and fall of democracy in Venezuela: Ten theses. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2002;21(2):248–69. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3339455

392.

Margarita López-Maya. Venezuela after the Caracazo: Forms of protest in a deinstitutionalized context. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2002;21(2):199–218. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3339453

393.

Roberts K. Social polarization and the populist resurgence in Venezuela. In: Venezuelan politics in the Chávez era: class, polarization, and conflict. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner; 2003. p. 55–72.

394.

Norden DL. Democracy in uniform: Chávez and the Venezuelan armed forces. In: Venezuelan politics in the Chávez era: class, polarization, and conflict [Internet]. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner; 2003. p. 93–112. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=64404b17-7f36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

395.

Sujatha Fernandes. Barrio women and popular politics in Chávez’s Venezuela. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2007;49(3):97–127. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130812

396.

Michael Coppedge. Venezuela: Popular Sovereignty Versus Liberal Democracy. In: Domínguez JI, Shifter M, editors. Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. Fourth edition. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press; 2013. p. 165–92.

397.

Ellner SB, Rosen F. Chavismo at the crossroads: Hardliners, moderates and a regime under attack. NACLA report on the Americas [Internet]. 2002;35(6):8–12. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/748678327?accountid=14511

398.

Gott R. In the shadow of the liberator: Hugo Chávez and the transformation of Venezuela. London: Verso; 2000.

399.

Brian F. Crisp. Democratizing the democracy? Crisis and reform in Venezuela. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1998;40(2):27–61. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/166373

400.

Damarys Canache. From bullets to ballots: The emergence of popular support for Hugo Chávez. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2002;44(1):69–90. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3177111

401.

Anibal Romero. Rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic: The agony of democracy in Venezuela. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 1997;32(1):7–36. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2504044

402.

Jennifer McCoy. Chavez and the end of ‘partyarchy’ in Venezuela. Journal of Democracy [Internet]. 1999;10(3):64–77. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/999

403.

Jana Morgan. Partisanship during the collapse of Venezuela’s party system. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 2007;42(1):78–98. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4499354

404.

José E. Molina V. The presidential and parliamentary elections of the Bolivarian revolution in Venezuela: Change and continuity (1998-2000). Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 2002;21(2):219–47. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3339454

405.

McCoy J. Venezuelan democracy under stress. Coral Gables, Fla: North-South Center Press, University of Miami; 1995.

406.

José Pedro Zúquete. The missionary politics of Hugo Chávez. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2008;50(1):91–121. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130840

407.

Noam Lupu. Who votes for ‘chavismo’?: Class voting in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 2010;45(1):7–32. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/19697

408.

Kirk A. Hawkins. Who Mobilizes? Participatory Democracy in Chávez’s Bolivarian Revolution. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 52(3):31–66. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/572921CE1B0C272CF03DC3FAC21EABA2

409.

Damarys Canache. The Meanings of Democracy in Venezuela: Citizen Perceptions and Structural Change. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 54(3):95–122. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/AB8D7106503F254ADC3661B29BEB1929

410.

Pedro Sanoja. Ideology, institutions and ideas: Explaining political change in Venezuela. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 28(3):394–410. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2009/28/3

411.

Oliver Heath. Explaining the rise of class politics in Venezuela. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 28(2):185–203. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2009/28/2

412.

Ponniah T, Eastwood J, editors. The revolution in Venezuela: Social and Political Change Under Chavez. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies; 2011.

413.

Gregory Wilpert. Collision in Venezuela. New left review [Internet]. (21). Available from: http://newleftreview.org/II/21/gregory-wilpert-collision-in-venezuela

414.

Daniel H. Levine. Goodbye to Venezuelan exceptionalism. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs [Internet]. 1994;36(4):145–82. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/166321

415.

Kulisheck MR, Canache D. Reinventing legitimacy: democracy and political change in Venezuela. Vol. Contributions in Latin American studies. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press; 1998.

416.

Deborah L. Norden. Democracy and military control in Venezuela: From subordination to insurrection. Latin American Research Review [Internet]. 1998;33(2):143–65. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2504065

417.

Barry Cannon. Venezuela, April 2002: Coup or popular rebellion? The myth of a united Venezuela. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 23(3):285–302. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/3

418.

Buxton J. The failure of political reform in Venezuela. Vol. The political economy of Latin America series. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2001.

419.

Steve Ellner. The contrasting variants of the populism of Hugo Chávez and Alberto Fujimori. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2003;35(1):139–62. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/3875581

420.

Michael Penfold-Becerra. Clientelism and Social Funds: Evidence from Chávez’s Misiones. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 49(4):63–84. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/B8A93D8419499CBF63A04C9FB88C0D9A

421.

José Pedro Zúquete. The missionary politics of Hugo Chávez. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2008;50(1):91–121. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30130840

422.

Cannon B. Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution: populism and democracy in a globalised age [Internet]. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2009. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt155jdtm

423.

Fernandes S. Who Can Stop the Drums? Urban Social Movements in Chávez’s Venezuela [Internet]. Duke University Press; 2010. Available from: http://read.dukeupress.edu/lookup/doi/10.1215/9780822391708

424.

Beasley-Murray J. Constituent power and the Caracazo: The exemplary case of Venezuela. In: Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. Boulder [Colo.]: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2010. p. 127–44.

425.

McCoy J. Venezuela under Chávez: Beyond liberalism. In: Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. Boulder [Colo.]: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2010. p. 81–100.

426.

French JD. Many lefts, One path? Chávez and Lula. In: Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. Boulder [Colo.]: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2010. p. 41–60.

427.

Margarita López-Maya. Venezuela: Hugo Chávez and the Populist Left. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2011. p. 213–38. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421401614/

428.

Jennifer L. Merolla, Elisabeth J. Zechmeister. The Nature, Determinants, and Consequences of Chavez’s Charisma: Evidence From a Study of Venezuelan Public Opinion. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 44(1):28–54. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/44/1

429.

Brading R. Populism in Venezuela. Vol. Routledge studies in Latin American politics. New York: Routledge; 2013.

430.

Yannis Stavrakakis, Alexandros Kioupkiolis, Giorgos Katsambekis, Nikos Nikisianis, Thomas Siomos. Contemporary Left-wing Populism in Latin America: Leadership, Horizontalism, and Postdemocracy in Chávez’s Venezuela. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2016 Sep;58(3):51–76. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/7F060550FC17F4489E119BC5C2E33E4F

431.

Daniel Hellinger, David Smilde. Venezuela’s Bolivarian democracy: participation, politics, and culture under Chávez [Internet]. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; 2011. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780822394310/

432.

Paul W. Posner. Laboring Under Chávez: Populism for the Twenty-first Century. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 2016 Sep;58(3):26–50. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/7F060550FC17F4489E119BC5C2E33E4F

433.

Kent Eaton. Recentralization and the Left Turn in Latin America: Diverging Outcomes in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Comparative Political Studies [Internet]. 47(8):1130–57. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cpsa/47/8

434.

Matthew Rhodes-Purdy. Participatory Populism: Theory and Evidence from Bolivarian Venezuela. Political Research Quarterly [Internet]. 2015 Sep;68(3):415–27. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24637784

435.

Kevin J. Middlebrook. Introduction: Conservative Parties, Elite Representation, and Democracy in Latin America. In: Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000. p. 1–50. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=75734&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_1

436.

Loxton J. The Authoritarian Roots of New Right Party Success in Latin America. In: Luna JP, Rovira Kaltwasser C, editors. The resilience of the Latin American right [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2014. p. 117–40. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6f0a1931-a47d-e711-80cb-005056af4099

437.

Roberts KM. Democracy, Free Markets, and the Rightist Dilemma in Latin America. In: Luna JP, Rovira Kaltwasser C, editors. The resilience of the Latin American right. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2014. p. 25–47.

438.

Eaton K. New Strategies of the Latin American Right: Beyond Parties and Elections. In: Luna JP, Rovira Kaltwasser C, editors. The resilience of the Latin American right. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2014. p. 75–93.

439.

Domínguez F, Lievesley G, Ludlam S. Right-wing politics in the new Latin America: reaction and revolt. London: Zed; 2011.

440.

James Loxton. Authoritarian Successor Parties and the New Right in Latin America. In: Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyke, Jorge I. Domínguez, editors. Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2016. p. 245–72. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EBC7A85E0FC57ABF5EA989FB4FFA2E1D/9781316550564c9_p245-272_CBO.pdf/authoritarian_successor_parties_and_the_new_right_in_latin_america.pdf

441.

Manuel Antonio Garretón. Atavism and Democratic Ambiguity in the Chilean Right. In: Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000. p. 53–79. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=75734&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_53

442.

Siavelis PM. Chile: The Right’s Evolution from Democracy to Authoritarianism and Back Again. In: Luna JP, Rovira Kaltwasser C, editors. The resilience of the Latin American right. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2014. p. 242–67.

443.

Correa S. The Chilean Right after Pinochet. In: The legacy of dictatorship: political, economic and social change in Pinochet’s Chile [Internet]. Liverpool, UK: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Liverpool; 1993. p. 164–74. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=658f1591-0a1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

444.

Pollack M. The new Right in Chile, 1973-97. Vol. St. Antony’s series. Basingstoke: Macmillan; 1999.

445.

Arturo Fontaine Talavera. Chile’s Elections: The New Face of the New Right. Journal of Democracy [Internet]. 11(2):70–7. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v011/11.2fontaine_talavera.html

446.

Tomás Moulián, Isabel Torres. La problemática de la derecha política en Chile, 1964-1983. In: Marcelo Cavarozzi, Manuel Antonio Garretón, editors. Muerte y resurreccion : los partidos politicos en el autoritarismo y las transiciones del Cono Sur. Santiago, Chile: FLACSO; 1989.

447.

Scully TR. Reconstituting party politics in Chile. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 1995. p. 100–37.

448.

Margaret Power. Defending dictatorship: Conservative women in Pinochet’s Chile and the 1988 plebiscite. In: Radical women in Latin America: left and right [Internet]. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2001. p. 299–324. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780271052724/

449.

Angell AE. The Pinochet factor in Chilean politics. In: Democracy after Pinochet: politics, parties and elections in Chile [Internet]. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas; 2007. p. 139–62. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=f3c9429d-8f36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

450.

Patricio Silva. Doing politics in a depoliticised society: Social change and political deactivation in Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research [Internet]. 23(1):63–78. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14709856/2004/23/1

451.

Juan Pablo Luna. Segmented party–voter linkages in Latin America: The case of the UDI. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 42(02):325–56. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/issue/3534E9D8696191781BDA6D1CC4489438

452.

Mauricio Morales Quiroga. The Concertación’s Defeat in Chile’s 2009-2010 Presidential Elections. Latin American Politics and Society [Internet]. 54(2):79–107. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/issue/D552313160F813981D54C3E8CBE2B1F0

453.

Kevin J. Middlebrook. Party politics and democratization in Mexico: The Partido Acción Nacional in comparative perspective. In: Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California; 2001. p. 3–44.

454.

Mizrahi Y. The costs of electoral success: The Partido Acción Nacional in Mexico. In: Governing Mexico: political parties and elections [Internet]. London: Institute of Latin American Studies; 1998. p. 95–113. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0a9911b3-1a1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

455.

Loaeza S. The National Action Party (PAN): From the fringes of the political system to the heart of change. In: Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts [Internet]. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 2003. p. 196–246. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=71c52bb4-6d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

456.

Lujambio A. Democratization through Federalism? The National Action Party Strategy, 1939-2000. In: Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California; 2001.

457.

David A. Shirk. Mexico’s democratization and the organizational development of the National Action Party. In: Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California; 2001. p. 95–128.

458.

Soledad Loaeza. El Partido Acción Nacional: la larga marcha, 1939-1994 : oposición leal y partido de protesta. Vol. Sección de obras de política y derecho. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica; 1999.

459.

Magaloni B, Moreno A. Catching all souls: The Partido Acción Nacional and the politics of religion in Mexico. In: Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts [Internet]. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press; 2003. p. 247–72. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=526f50e8-cd1e-ed11-bd6e-a04a5e5d2f8d

460.

Camp RA. The PAN’s social bases: Implications for leadership. In: Opposition government in Mexico. 1st ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; 1995. p. 65–80.

461.

Ai Camp R. Democracy Redux? Mexico’s Voters and the 2006 Presidential Race. In: Consolidating Mexico’s democracy: the 2006 presidential campaign in comparative perspective [Internet]. Baltimore, Md: John Hopkins University Press; 2009. p. 29-49-306–11. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=6eafabad-6c36-e711-80c9-005056af4099

462.

Flores-Macías G. Mexico’s 2012 Elections: The Return of the PRI. Journal of Democracy. 2013;24(1):128–41.

463.

Wuhs ST. Mexico: The Partido Acción Nacional as a Right Party. In: Luna JP, Rovira Kaltwasser C, editors. The resilience of the Latin American right. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2014. p. 219–41.

464.

James A. McCann. Time to Turn Back the Clock? Retrospective Judgments of the Single-Party Era and Support for the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 2012. In: Domínguez JI, Greene KF, Lawson CH, Moreno A, editors. Mexico’s evolving democracy: a comparative study of the 2012 elections [Internet]. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press; 2015. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781421415550

465.

Romero V, Magaloni B, Díaz-Cayeros A. Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico’s War on Crime. Latin American Politics and Society. 2016 Jun;58(2):100–23.

466.

Flores-Macías GA. Mexico’s Stalled Reforms. Journal of Democracy. 2016;27(2):66–78.