Bibliography for AMER0007: Democratization in Latin America

1.
Laurence Whitehead: On ‘Democracy’ and ‘Democratization’. In: Democratization: Theory and Experience. pp. 6–35. Oxford University Press (2002). https://doi.org/10.1093/0199253285.003.0002.

2.
Damarys Canache: Citizens’ Conceptualizations of Democracy: Structured Complexity, Substantive Context, and Political Significance. Comparative Political Studies. 45, 1132–1158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011434009.

3.
O’Donnell, G.A., Schmitter, P.C.: Transitions from authoritarian rule: Tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2013).

4.
Przeworski, A.: Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives. pp. 47-63-168–170. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (1986).

5.
Dietrich Rueschemeyer: Introduction: the Problem of Capitalist Development and Democracy. In: Capitalist development and democracy. pp. 1-11–309. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1992).

6.
Huntington, S.P.: The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman [Okla.] (1991).

7.
Carles Boix, Susan C. Stokes: Endogenous democratization. World Politics. 55, 517–549 (2003).

8.
Linz, J.J., Stepan, A.C.: Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

9.
Dankwart A. Rustow: Transitions to democracy: Toward a dynamic model. Comparative Politics. 2, 337–363 (1970).

10.
Przeworski, A.: Democracy as a contingent outcome of conflicts. In: Constitutionalism and Democracy (1988).

11.
Peeler, J.A.: Elite settlements and democratic consolidation: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela. In: Elites and Democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe. pp. 81–112. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1992).

12.
John Higley, Michael G. Burton: The elite variable in democratic transitions and breakdowns. American Sociological Review. 54, 17–32 (1989).

13.
Seymour Martin Lipset: Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. The American Political Science Review. 53, 69–105 (1959).

14.
Jonathan Hartlyn, Arturo Valenzuela: Democracy in Latin America since 1930. In: Leslie Bethell (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America. pp. 97–162. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995).

15.
Peeler, J.A.: Building democracy in Latin America. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, Colo (2009).

16.
Diamond, L., Hartlyn, J., Linz, J.J.: Introduction: Politics, society, and democracy in Latin America. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. pp. 1–70. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder (1999).

17.
Remmer, K.L.: Democratization in Latin America. In: Global transformation and the Third World. pp. 91–111. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder (1993).

18.
Karl, T.L., Schmitter, P.C.: Modes of transition in Latin America, Southern and Eastern Europe. International social science journal. XLIII, 269–284 (1991).

19.
Malloy, J.M., Seligson, M.A.: Authoritarians and democrats: regime transition in Latin America. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa (1987).

20.
Douglas A. Chalmers, Craig H. Robinson: Why power contenders choose liberalization: Perspectives from South America. International Studies Quarterly. 26, 3–36 (1982).

21.
Marcelo Cavarozzi: Beyond transitions to democracy in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies. 24, 665–684 (1992).

22.
Garretón Merino, M.A., Newman, E.: Democracy in Latin America: (re)constructing political society. United Nations University Press, Tokyo (2001).

23.
Georgina Waylen: Women and democratization: Conceptualizing gender relations in transition politics. World Politics. 46, 327–354 (1994).

24.
Manuel Antonio Garreton M.: Human rights in processes of democratisation. Journal of Latin American Studies. 26, 221–234 (1994).

25.
Hillman, R.S., Peeler, J.A., Cardozo de Da Silva, E.: Democracy and human rights in Latin America. Praeger, Westport, Conn (2002).

26.
Alfred Stepan, Cindy Skach: Constitutional frameworks and democratic consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus presidentialism. World Politics. 46, 1–22 (1993).

27.
Ryan E. Carlin, Matthew M. Singer: Support for Polyarchy in the Americas. Comparative Political Studies. 44, 1500–1526. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011407471.

28.
O’Donnell, G.: Tensions in the bureaucratic-authoritarian state and the question of democracy. In: Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind (1999).

29.
Guillermo, O.: Tensions in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State and the Question of Democracy. In: The new authoritarianism in Latin America. pp. 285–318. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1979).

30.
O’Donnell, G.: Notes for the study of processes of political democratization in the wake of the bureaucratic-authoritarian state. In: Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization. pp. 109–129. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind (1999).

31.
Stepan, A.: The military in newly democratic regimes: the dimension of military contestation. In: Rethinking military politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone. pp. 68–92. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. (1988).

32.
Alfred C. Stepan: The military in newly democratic regimes: the dimension of military prerogatives. In: Rethinking military politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone. pp. 93–127. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. (1988). https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15r5d8r.11.

33.
Rouquié, A.: Demilitarization and the institutionalization of military-dominated politics in Latin America. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives. pp. 108–136. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (1986).

34.
Rouquié, A.: The military and the state in Latin America. University of California Press, Berkeley (1987).

35.
David Pion-Berlin: Military autonomy and emerging democracies in South America. Comparative Politics. 25, 83–102 (1992).

36.
Wendy Hunter: Contradictions of civilian control: Argentina, Brazil and Chile in the 1990s. Third World Quarterly. 15, 633–653 (1994).

37.
Fitch, J.S.: Democracy, human rights, and the armed forces in Latin America. In: The United States and Latin America in the 1990s: beyond the cold war. pp. 181–213. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill (1992).

38.
Panizza, F.: Human Rights in the Processes of Transition and Consolidation of Democracy in Latin America. Political Studies. 43, 168–188 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1995.tb01742.x.

39.
Pereira, A.W.: Political (in)justice: authoritarianism and the rule of law in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa (2005).

40.
J. Samuel Valenzuela: Labor movements in transitions to democracy: A framework for analysis. Comparative Politics. 21, 445–472 (1989).

41.
Christian Smith: The spirit and democracy: Base communities, Protestantism, and democratization in Latin America. Sociology of Religion. 55, 119–143 (1994).

42.
Friedman, E.J., Hochstetler, K.: Assessing the third transition in Latin American democratization: Representational regimes and civil society in Argentina and Brazil. Comparative Politics. 35, 21–42 (2002).

43.
Scott Mainwaring, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán: Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2014).

44.
Torre, J.C., de Riz, L.: Argentina since 1946. In: Bethell, L. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America. pp. 73–194. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991). https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521266529.003.

45.
Carlos H. Waisman: Argentina: Capitalism and democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. pp. 71–130. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder (1999).

46.
Cavarozzi, M.: Political cycles in Argentina since 1955. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule - Latin America. pp. 19–48. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1986).

47.
McGuire, J.W.: Political parties and democracy in Argentina. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. pp. 200–246. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1995).

48.
Waisman, C.H., Peralta-Ramos, M.: From military rule to liberal democracy in Argentina. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo (1986).

49.
Epstein, E.C.: The new Argentine democracy: the search for a successful formula. Praeger, Westport, Conn (1992).

50.
Tulchin, J.S., Garland, A.M.: Argentina: the challenges of modernization. Scholarly Resources, Wilmington, Del (1998).

51.
Brysk, A.: The politics of human rights in Argentina: protest, change, and democratization. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1994).

52.
Elizabeth Jelin: The politics of memory: The human rights movements and the construction of democracy in Argentina. Latin American Perspectives. 21, 38–58 (1994).

53.
Navarro, M.: The personal is political: Las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo. In: Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements. pp. 241–258. University of California Press, Berkeley (2001).

54.
Luis Roniger, Mario Sznajder: The legacy of human-rights violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999).

55.
Munck, G.L.: Authoritarianism and democratization: soldiers and workers in Argentina, 1976-1983. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa (1998).

56.
Norden, D.L.: Military rebellion in Argentina: between coups and consolidation. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln [Neb.] (1996).

57.
Deborah L. Norden: Democratic consolidation and military professionalism: Argentina in the 1980s. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 32, 151–176 (1990).

58.
David Pion-Berlin: Between confrontation and accommodation: Military and government policy in democratic Argentina. Journal of Latin American Studies. 23, 543–571 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X00015844.

59.
Pion-Berlin, D.: Through corridors of power: institutions and civil-military relations in Argentina. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa (1997).

60.
McGuire, J.W.: Peronism without Perón: unions, parties, and democracy in Argentina. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1997).

61.
Georgina Waylen: Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies. 32, 765–793 (2000).

62.
Tricia Gray: Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 22, 52–78 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00064.

63.
Lewis, C.M., Torrents, N.: Argentina in the crisis years (1983-1990): from Alfonsin to Menem. Institute of Latin American Studies, London (1993).

64.
Enrique Peruzzotti: The nature of the new Argentine democracy. The delegative democracy argument revisited. Journal of Latin American Studies. 33, 133–155 (2001).

65.
Carlos S. Nino: Hyper-presidentialism and constitutional reform in Argentina. In: Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America. pp. 161–174. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo (1996).

66.
Mark P. Jones: Evaluating Argentina’s presidential democracy: 1983-1995. In: Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America. pp. 259–299. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997).

67.
Levitsky, S.: Argentina: From crisis to consolidation (and back). In: Domínguez, J.I. and Shifter, M. (eds.) Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2013).

68.
Levitsky, S.: Argentina: Democratic survival amidst economic failure. In: The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks. pp. 63–89. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005).

69.
Angell, A.: Chile since 1958. In: Bethell, L. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America. pp. 311–382. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991). https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521266529.007.

70.
Arturo, V.: Chile: Origins and consolidation of a Latin American democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. pp. 120–247. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder (1999).

71.
Scully, T.R.: Reconstituting party politics in Chile. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. pp. 100–137. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1995).

72.
Agüero, F.: Chile: unfinished transition and increased political competition. In: Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. pp. 292-424-320–432. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (2003).

73.
Drake, P.W., Jaksic, I.: The struggle for democracy in Chile, 1982-1990. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Neb (1991).

74.
Valenzuela, J.S., Valenzuela, A.: Party oppositions under the Chilean authoritarian regime. In: Military rule in Chile: dictatorship and oppositions. pp. 184–229. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1986).

75.
Brian Loveman: Military dictatorship and political opposition in Chile, 1973-1986. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 28, 1–38 (1986).

76.
Brian Loveman: Mision cumplida? Civil military relations and the Chilean political transition. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 33, 35–74 (1991).

77.
Alan Angell, Benny Pollack: The Chilean elections of 1989 and the politics of the transition to democracy. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 9, 1–23 (1990).

78.
Alan Angell, Benny Pollack: The Chilean presidential elections of 1999-2000 and democratic consolidation. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 19, 357–378 (2000).

79.
James C. Cavendish: Christian base communities and the building of democracy: Brazil and Chile. Sociology of Religion. 55, 179–195 (1994).

80.
Philip Oxhorn: Understanding political change after authoritarian rule: The popular sectors and Chile’s new democratic regime. Journal of Latin American Studies. 26, 737–759 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X00008580.

81.
Manuel Antonio Garreton Merino: Redemocratization in Chile. Journal of Democracy. 6, 146–158 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0009.

82.
Mark Ensalaco: In with the new, out with the old? The democratising impact of constitutional reform in Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies. 26, 409–429 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X00016278.

83.
Jonathan R. Barton, Warwick E. Murray: The end of transition? Chile 1990-2000. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 21, 329–338 (2002).

84.
Alexander Wilde: Irruptions of Memory: Expressive Politics in Chile’s Transition to Democracy. Journal of Latin American Studies. 31, 473–500 (2000).

85.
Georgina Waylen: Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies. 32, 765–793.

86.
Tricia Gray: Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 22, 52–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00064.

87.
Alexandra Barahona de Brito: Human rights and democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1997).

88.
Luis Roniger, Mario Sznajder: The legacy of human-rights violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999).

89.
J. Samuel Valenzuela, Timothy R. Scully: Electoral choices and the party system in Chile: Continuities and changes at the recovery of democracy. Comparative Politics. 29, 511–527 (1997).

90.
Peter Siavelis, Arturo Valenzuela: Electoral engineering and democratic stability: The legacy of authoritarian rule in Chile. In: Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America. pp. 77–99. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo (1996).

91.
Rhoda Rabkin: Redemocratization, electoral engineering, and party strategies in Chile, 1989-1995. Comparative Political Studies. 29, 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414096029003004.

92.
Arturo Valenzuela: Party politics and the failure of presidentialism in Chile. In: The failure of presidential democracy: The Case of Latin America. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1994).

93.
Paul W. Posner: Popular Representation and Political Dissatisfaction in Chile’s New Democracy. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 41, v-+ 59-85 (1999). https://doi.org/10.2307/166227.

94.
Roberts, K.M.: Deepening democracy?: the modern left and social movements in Chile and Peru. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1998).

95.
Vergara, P.: Market economy, social welfare and democratic consolidation in Chile. In: Democracy, markets, and structural reform in Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. pp. 237–261. North-South Center Press, University of Miami, Miami, Fla (1994).

96.
Patrick S. Barrett: The limits of democracy: Socio-political compromise and regime change in post-Pinochet Chile. Studies in Comparative International Development. 34, 3–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02687625.

97.
Peter M. Siavelis: Electoral system, coalitional disintegration, and the future of Chile’s concertación. Latin American Research Review. 40, 56–82 (2005).

98.
Patricio Silva: Doing politics in a depoliticised society: Social change and political deactivation in Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 23, 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2004.00096.x.

99.
J. Samuel Valenzuela, Timothy R. Scully, Nicolás Somma: The enduring presence of religion in Chilean ideological positionings and voter options. Comparative Politics. 40, 1–20 (2007).

100.
Alan Angell: Democratic governance in Chile. In: Democratic governance in Latin America. pp. 269–306. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (2010).

101.
Juan Pablo Luna, David Altman: Uprooted but Stable: Chilean Parties and the Concept of Party System Institutionalization. Latin American Politics and Society. 53, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2011.00115.x.

102.
Lamounier, B.: Brazil: Inequality against democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. pp. 131–189. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder (1999).

103.
Bruneau, T.: Brazil’s political transition. In: Elites and democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe. pp. 257–281. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1992).

104.
Frances Hagopian: ‘Democracy by undemocratic means’?: Elites, political pacts, and regime transition in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies. 23, 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414090023002001.

105.
Mainwaring, S.: Brazil: Weak parties, feckless democracy. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. pp. 354–398. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1995).

106.
Bolívar Lamounier: Brazil: An Assessment of the Cardoso Administration. In: Jorge I. Domínguez and Michael Shifter (eds.) Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. pp. 269–291. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2013).

107.
Kingstone, P.R., Power, T.J.: Democratic Brazil: actors, institutions, and processes. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa (2000).

108.
Skidmore, T.E.: The politics of military rule in Brazil, 1964-85. Oxford University Press, New York (1988).

109.
Hunter, W.: Eroding military influence in Brazil: politicians against soldiers. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill (1997).

110.
Mainwaring, S.: Rethinking party systems in the third wave of democratization: the case of Brazil. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1999).

111.
Stepan, A.C.: Democratizing Brazil: problems of transition and consolidation. Oxford University Press, New York (1989).

112.
Scott Mainwaring: Politicians, parties, and electoral systems: Brazil in comparative perspective. Comparative Politics. 24, 21–43 (1991).

113.
Lamounier, B.: Presidentialism and parliamentarism in Brazil. In: Parliamentary versus presidential government. pp. 133–136. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1992).

114.
Martínez-Lara, J., St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford): Building democracy in Brazil: the politics of constitutional change, 1985-95. Macmillan in association with St. Antony’s College, Basingstoke (1996).

115.
Barry Ames: The deadlock of democracy in Brazil. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (2001).

116.
Hagopian, F.: Traditional politics and regime change in Brazil. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996).

117.
Martínez-Lara, J., St. Antony’s College (University of Oxford): Building democracy in Brazil: the politics of constitutional change, 1985-95. Macmillan in association with St. Antony’s College, Basingstoke (1996).

118.
Keck, M.E.: The Workers’ Party and democratization in Brazil. Yale University Press, New Haven (1992).

119.
Sader, E., Silverstein, K.: Without fear of being happy: Lula, the Workers Party and Brazil. Verso, London (1991).

120.
Payne, L.A.: Brazilian industrialists and democratic change. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1994).

121.
Power, T.J.: The political right in postauthoritarian Brazil: elites, institutions, and democratization. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa (2000).

122.
Souza, C.M. de: Constitutional engineering in Brazil: the politics of federalism and decentralization. Macmillan, Basingstoke (1997).

123.
Alvarez, S.E.: Engendering democracy in Brazil: women’s movements in transition politics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. (1990).

124.
James C. Cavendish: Christian base communities and the building of democracy: Brazil and Chile. Sociology of Religion. 55, 179–195 (1994).

125.
Purcell, S.K., Roett, R.: Brazil under Cardoso. L. Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colo (1997).

126.
Kurt Weyland: Obstacles to social reform in Brazil’s new democracy. Comparative Politics. 29, 1–22 (1996).

127.
Kurt Weyland: The Brazilian state in the new democracy. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 39, 63–94 (1997).

128.
S. Mainwaring: Urban popular movements, identity, and democratization in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies. 20, 131–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414087020002001.

129.
Kinzo, M.D.G., University of London: Brazil, the challenges of the 1990s. Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, London (1993).

130.
Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs. 40,.

131.
Ron Ahnen: Between tyranny of the majority and liberty: The persistence of human rights violations under democracy in Brazil. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 22, 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00080.

132.
Kees Koonings: Strengthening citizenship in Brazil’s democracy: Local participatory governance in Porto Alegre. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 23, 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2004.00097.x.

133.
Kurt Wayland: The growing sustainability of Brazil’s low-quality democracy. In: The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks. pp. 120–190. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005).

134.
Brian, Wampler: Participatory publics: Civil society and new institutions in democratic Brazil. Comparative Politics. 36, 291–312 (2004).

135.
Ronald E. Ahnen: The politics of police violence in democratic Brazil. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 141–164 (2007).

136.
Brian Wampler: When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil. Comparative Politics. 41, 61–81 (2008).

137.
Alfredo Alejandro Gugliano, Carlos Artur Gallo: On the Ruins of the Democratic Transition: Human Rights as an Agenda Item in Abeyance for the Brazilian Democracy. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 32, 325–338 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12034.

138.
Lamounier, B.: Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America. In: Domínguez, J.I. and Shifter, M. (eds.) Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2013).

139.
Kingstone, P.R., Power, T.J.: Democratic Brazil: actors, institutions, and processes. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa (2000).

140.
Ewell, J.: Venezuela since 1930. In: Bethell, L. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America. pp. 727–790. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991). https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521266529.014.

141.
Levine, D.H.: Venezuela since 1958: The consolidation of democratic politics. In: The breakdown of democratic regimes. pp. 82–109. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1978).

142.
Peeler, J.A.: Elite settlements and democratic consolidation: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela. In: Elites and Democratic consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe. pp. 81–112. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1992).

143.
Bryan T. Froehle: Religious competition, community building, and democracy in Latin America: Grassroots religious organizations in Venezuela. Sociology of Religion. 55, 145–162 (1994).

144.
Levine, D.H., Crisp, B.F.: Venezuela: The character, crisis, and possible future of democracy. In: Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. pp. 367–428. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder (1999).

145.
Levine, D.H.: Conflict and political change in Venezuela. (1973).

146.
Martz, J.D., Myers, D.J.: Venezuela: the democratic experience. Praeger, New York (1986).

147.
Kevin Neuhouser: Democratic stability in Venezuela: Elite consensus or class compromise? American Sociological Review. 57, 117–135 (1992).

148.
Daniel H. Levine: The transition to democracy: are there lessons from Venezuela? Bulletin of Latin American Research. 4, 47–61 (1985).

149.
Terry Lynn Karl: Petroleum and political pacts: The transition to democracy in Venezuela. Latin American Research Review. 22, 63–94 (1987).

150.
Kornblith, M., Levine, D.H.: Venezuela: The life and times of the party system. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. pp. 37–71. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1995).

151.
Coppedge, M.J.: Strong parties and lame ducks: a study of the quality and stability of Venezuelan democracy. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich (1992).

152.
John D. Martz: Party elites and leadership in Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Latin American Studies. 24, 87–121 (1992).

153.
Goodman, L.W.: Lessons of the Venezuelan experience. Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, D.C (1994).

154.
Trinkunas, H.A.: Crafting civilian control of the military in Venezuela: a comparative perspective. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill (2005).

155.
Ricardo Córdova Macías: El Salvador: transition from civil war. In: Constructing democratic governance: Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s : themes and issues. pp. 26–49. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

156.
Tulchin, J.S., Bland, G.: Is there a transition to democracy in El Salvador? L. Rienner Publishers, Boulder (1992).

157.
Elisabeth J. Wood: Civil war and the transformation of elite representation in El Salvador. In: Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America. pp. 223–254. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2000).

158.
Knut Walter, Philip J. Williams: The military and democratization in El Salvador. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 35, 39–88 (1993).

159.
Charles T. Call: Democratisation, war and state-building: Constructing the rule of law in El Salvador. Journal of Latin American Studies. 35, 827–862 (2003).

160.
Charles T. Call: War transitions and the new civilian security in Latin America. Comparative Politics. 35, 1–20 (2002).

161.
J. Michael Dodson, Donald W. Jackson: Re‐inventing the rule of law: Human rights in El Salvador. Democratization. 4, 110–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510349708403538.

162.
Weiss Fagen, P.: El Salvador: Lessons in peace consolidation. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. pp. 213–237. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

163.
Enrique A. Baloyra-Herp: Elections, civil war, and transition in El Salvador, 1982-1994. In: Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited. pp. 45–65. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill (1995).

164.
Wood, E.J.: Challenges to political democracy in El Salvador. In: The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks. pp. 79–201. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005).

165.
Rachel Sieder: War, peace, and memory politics in Central America. In: The politics of memory: transitional justice in democratizing societies. pp. 161–189. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001).

166.
Angelika Rettberg: The private sector and peace in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Colombia. Journal of Latin American Studies. 39, 463–494 (2007).

167.
Dinorah Azpuru: The Salience of Ideology: Fifteen Years of Presidential Elections in El Salvador. Latin American Politics and Society. 52, 103–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00083.x.

168.
Sonja Wolf: Subverting Democracy: Elite Rule and the Limits of Political Participation in Post-War El Salvador. Journal of Latin American Studies. 41, 429–465. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X09990149.

169.
Alisha C. Holland: Insurgent Successor Parties: Scaling Down to Build a Party after War. In: Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyck, and Jorge I Dominguez (eds.) Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. pp. 245–272. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316550564.010.

170.
Booth, J.A.: The end and the beginning: the Nicaraguan Revolution. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo (1982).

171.
Philip J. Williams: Dual transitions from authoritarian rule: Popular and electoral democracy in Nicaragua. Comparative Politics. 26, 169–185 (1994).

172.
Spalding, R.J.: Nicaragua: Politics, poverty and polarization. In: Domínguez, J.I. and Lowenthal, A.F. (eds.) Constructing democratic governance: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s. pp. 3-25-199–206. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

173.
Arnson, C., Tulchin, J.S., Woodrow Wilson International Center For Scholars. Latin American Program: Nicaragua’s search for democratic consensus, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/, (1995).

174.
Anderson, L.: Elections and public opinion in the development of Nicaraguan democracy. In: Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited. pp. 84–102. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill (1995).

175.
Gilbert, D.: Sandinistas: the party and the revolution. B. Blackwell, Cambridge, Mass., USA (1990).

176.
Anderson, L., Dodd, L.C.: Learning democracy: citizen engagement and electoral choice in Nicaragua, 1990-2001. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2005).

177.
Magda Hinojosa, Ana Vijil Gurdián: Alternative Paths to Power? Women’s Political Representation in Nicaragua. Latin American Politics and Society. 54, 61–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00173.x.

178.
Forrest D. Colburn, Arturo S. Cruz: Personalism and Populism in Nicaragua. Journal of Democracy. 23, 104–118.

179.
Salvador Martí i Puig: The Adaptation of the FSLN: Daniel Ortega’s Leadership and Democracy in Nicaragua. Latin American Politics and Society. 52, 79–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00099.x.

180.
Lynn R. Horton: From Collectivism to Capitalism: Neoliberalism and Rural Mobilization in Nicaragua. Latin American Politics and Society. 55, 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00186.x.

181.
Middlebrook, K.J.: Mexico’s democratic transitions: Dynamics and prospects. In: Dilemmas of political change in Mexico. pp. 1–53. Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, London (2004).

182.
Kenneth F. Greene, Mariano Sánchez-Talanquer: Authoritarian Legacies and Party System Stability in Mexico. In: Mainwaring, S. (ed.) Party Systems in Latin America. pp. 201–226. Cambridge University Press (2018). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316798553.008.

183.
Laurence Whitehead: Prospects for a ‘transition’ from authoritarian rule in Mexico. In: Maria Lorena Cook, Kevin J. Middlebrook, and Juan Molinar Horcasitas (eds.) The politics of economic restructuring: state-society relations and regime change in Mexico. pp. 327–346. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (1994).

184.
Ilán Bizberg: Transition or restructuring of society? In: Mexico’s politics and society in transition. pp. 143–175. L. Rienner, Boulder, Colo (2003).

185.
Darren Wallis: The Mexican presidential and congressional elections of 2000 and democratic transition. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 20, 304–323 (2001).

186.
Maria L. Cook, Kevin J. Middlebrook, Juan Molinar Horcasitas: The politics of economic restructuring in Mexico: actors, sequencing, and coalition change. In: The politics of economic restructuring: state-society relations and regime change in Mexico. pp. 3–52. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, [San Diego] (1994).

187.
Roderic Ai Camp: The cross in the polling booth: religion, politics, and the laity in Mexico. Latin American Research Review. 29, 69–100 (1994).

188.
Bruhn, K.: Taking on Goliath: the emergence of a new left party and the struggle for democracy in Mexico. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park (1997).

189.
Middlebrook, K.J.: Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego (2001).

190.
Lawson, C.H.: Building the fourth estate: democratization and the rise of a free press in Mexico. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif (2002).

191.
Haber, P.: Power from experience: urban popular movements in late twentieth-century Mexico. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa (2006).

192.
Domínguez, J.I., McCann, J.A.: Democratizing Mexico: public opinion and electoral choices. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

193.
Review by: Joseph L. Klesner: An electoral route to democracy? Mexico’s transition in comparative perspective. Comparative Politics. 30, 477–497 (1998).

194.
James A. McCann: An electorate adrift? Public opinion and the quality of democracy in Mexico. Latin American Research Review. 38, 60–81 (2003).

195.
Joseph L. Klesner: Who participates? Determinants of political action in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society. 51, 59–90 (2009).

196.
Domínguez, J.I., Poiré, A., Conference on Mexican Democratization: Toward Mexico’s democratization: parties, campaigns, elections, and public opinion. Routledge, New York (1999).

197.
Serrano, M., University of London: Governing Mexico: political parties and elections. Institute of Latin American Studies, London (1998).

198.
Judith Teichman: Neoliberalism and the transformation of Mexican authoritarianism. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos. 13, 121–147. https://doi.org/10.2307/1051868.

199.
Domínguez, J.I., Lawson, C.H.: Mexico’s pivotal democratic election: candidates, voters, and the presidential campaign of 2000. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (2004).

200.
Covarrubias, A.: El ámbito internacional y el proceso de cambio político en México. In: Caminos a la democracia. Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Colegio de México, México, D.F. (2001).

201.
Dresser, D.: Treading lightly and without a stick: International actors and the promotion of democracy in Mexico. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. pp. 316–342. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

202.
Jorge I. Dominguez, Chappell Lawson eds: Consolidating Mexico’s democracy : the 2006 presidential campaign in comparative perspective. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD (2009).

203.
Jonathan T. Hiskey, Gary L. Goodman: The Participation Paradox of Indigenous Autonomy in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society. 53, 61–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2011.00117.x.

204.
D. Xavier Medina Vidal, Antonio Ugues Jr., Shaun Bowler, Jonathan Hiskey: Partisan Attachment and Democracy in Mexico: Some Cautionary Observations. Latin American Politics and Society. 52, 63–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00074.x.

205.
Tina Hilgers: Causes and Consequences of Political Clientelism: Mexico’s PRD in Comparative Perspective. Latin American Politics and Society. 50, 123–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2008.00032.x.

206.
Claudio A. Holzner: The Poverty of Democracy: Neoliberal Reforms and Political Participation of the Poor in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 87–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00408.x.

207.
Claudio A. Holzner: Authoritarian Legacies and Democratic Consolidation in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society. 51, 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2009.00059.x.

208.
Kenneth F. Greene: The Niche Party: Authoritarian Regime Legacies and Party-Building in New Democracies. In: Levitsky, S., Loxton, J., Van Dyck, B., and Dominguez, J.I. (eds.) Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. pp. 133–158. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316550564.006.

209.
Julio Ríos-Figueroa: Fragmentation of Power and the Emergence of an Effective Judiciary in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00373.x.

210.
Roderic Ai Camp: The 2012 Presidential Election and What It Reveals about Mexican Voters. Journal of Latin American Studies. 45, 451–481. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X1300076X.

211.
Sonja Wolf: Drugs, Violence, and Corruption: Perspectives from Mexico and Central America. Latin American Politics and Society. 58, 146–155 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00298.x.

212.
O’Donnell, G., Schmitter, P.C.: Convoking elections (and provoking parties). In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: Tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies. pp. 66–74. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2013).

213.
Mainwaring, S., Scully, T.R.: Introduction: party systems in Latin America. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. pp. 1–36. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1995).

214.
Scott Mainwaring, Fernando Bizzarro, Ana Petrova: Party System Institutionalization, Decay, and Collapse. In: Scott Mainwaring (ed.) Party Systems in Latin America. pp. 17–33. Cambridge University Press (2018). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316798553.002.

215.
Scott Mainwaring: Party System Institutionalization, Predictability, and Democracy. In: Mainwaring, S. (ed.) Party Systems in Latin America. pp. 71–101. Cambridge University Press (2018). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316798553.004.

216.
Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyck: Introduction: Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. In: Levitsky, S., Loxton, J., Van Dyck, B., and Dominguez, J.I. (eds.) Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. pp. 1–48. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316550564.001.

217.
Herbert Kitschelt, Kirk A. Hawkins, Juan Pablo Luna, Guillermo Rosas, Elizabeth J. Zechmeister: Latin American Party Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010).

218.
O’Donnell, G.: Delegative democracy. In: Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and democratization. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind (1999).

219.
Helmke, G., Levitsky, S.: Informal institutions and democracy: lessons from Latin America. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2006).

220.
César Cansino: Party government in Latin America: Theoretical guidelines for an empirical analysis. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique. 16, 169–182 (1995).

221.
Robert H. Dix: Democratization and the institutionalization of Latin American political parties. Comparative Political Studies. 24, 488–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414092024004004.

222.
Robert H. Dix: Cleavage structures and party systems in Latin America. Comparative Politics. 22, 23–37 (1989).

223.
Dominguez, J.I. ed: Parties, elections, and political participation in Latin America. Garland Pub., New York (1994).

224.
McDonald, R.H., Ruhl, J.M.: Party politics and elections in Latin America. Westview Press, Boulder (1989).

225.
Wills-Otero, L.: Electoral systems in Latin America: Explaining the adoption of proportional representation systems during the Twentieth century. Latin American Politics and Society. 51, 33–58 (2009).

226.
Karen L. Remmer: The political economy of elections in Latin America, 1980-1991. The American Political Science Review. 87, 393–407 (1993).

227.
Drake, P.W., Silva, E., Middlebrook, K.J., University of California: Elections and democratization in Latin America, 1980-1985. Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies, University of California, San Diego, Calif (1986).

228.
Dietz, H.A., Shidlo, G.: Urban elections in democratic Latin America. Scholarly Resources, Wilmington, Del (1998).

229.
Lijphart, A., Waisman, C.H.: Institutional design in new democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America. Routledge, [Place of publication not identified] (2018).

230.
Mark P. Jones: Presidential election laws and multipartism in Latin America. Political Research Quarterly. 47, 41–57 (1994).

231.
Mark P. Jones: A guide to the electoral systems of the Americas. Electoral studies. 14, 5–21.

232.
Kevin J Middlebrook: Introduction: Conservative parties, elite representation, and democracy in Latin America. In: Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America. pp. 1–52. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2000).

233.
Gibson, E.L.: Class and conservative parties: Argentina in comparative perspective. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

234.
Mainwaring, S., Scully, T.: Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (2003).

235.
Alan Angell: The Left in Latin America since c. 1920. In: Leslie Bethell (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America. pp. 163–232. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995).

236.
Mainwaring, S.: Rethinking party systems in the third wave of democratization: the case of Brazil. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1999).

237.
Scott Mainwaring: Political parties and democratization in Brazil and the Southern Cone. Comparative Politics. 21, 91–120 (1988).

238.
Cavarozzi, M., Garreton Merino, M.A.: Muerte y resurrección: los partidos políticos en el autoritarismo y las transiciones del Cono Sur. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, [Santiago, Chile] (1989).

239.
Seligson, M.A., Booth, J.A.: Elections and democracy in Central America, revisited. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill (1995).

240.
Michael Coppedge: Parties and society in Mexico and Venezuela: Why competition matters. Comparative Politics. 25, 253–274 (1993).

241.
Leiv Marsteintredet: Reducing the perils of presidentialism in Latin America through presidential interruptions. Comparative Politics. 41, 83–101 (2008).

242.
Javier Corrales: Can Anyone Stop the President? Power Asymmetries and Term Limits in Latin America, 1984-2016. Latin American Politics and Society. 58, 3–25 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00308.x.

243.
Goldfrank, B.: The politics of deepening local democracy: Decentralization, party institutionalization, and participation. Comparative Politics. 39, 147–168 (2007).

244.
Brian Wampler: When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil. Comparative Politics. 41, 61–81 (2008).

245.
McCoy, J.: Political learning and redemocratization in Latin America: do politicians learn from political crises? North-South Center Press, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL (1999).

246.
Mainwaring, S., O’Donnell, G.A., Valenzuela, J.S.: Issues in democratic consolidation: the new South American democracies in comparative perspective. Published for the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies by University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind (1992).

247.
Anita Breuer: The problematic relation between direct democracy and accountability in Latin America: Evidence from the Bolivian case. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 27, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00254.x.

248.
John Crabtree: Democracy without parties? Some lessons from Peru. Journal of Latin American Studies. 42, 357–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X10000477.

249.
Tricia Gray: Electoral gender quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 22, 52–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00064.

250.
Luis F. Miguel: Political representation and gender in Brazil: Quotas for women and their impact. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 27, 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2008.00263.x.

251.
Htun, M.: Inclusion without Representation in Latin America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139021067.

252.
Jóhanna Kristín Birnir, Donna Lee Van Cott: Disunity in diversity: Party system fragmentation and the dynamic effect of ethnic heterogeneity on Latin American legislatures. Latin American Research Review. 42, 99–125 (2007).

253.
Carlos Pereira, Marcus Andre Melo: The Surprising Success of Multiparty Presidentialism. Journal of Democracy. 23, 156–170.

254.
Daniel Altschuler, Javier Corrales: The Spillover Effects of Participatory Governance: Evidence from Community-Managed Schools in Honduras and Guatemala. Comparative Political Studies. 45, 636–666 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011427133.

255.
Angélica Durán-Martínez: Presidents, Parties, and Referenda in Latin America. Comparative political studies. 45, 1159–1187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011434010.

256.
Fabrice Lehoucj, Aníbal Pérez-Líñan: Breaking Out of the Coup Trap: Competition and Military Coups in Latin America. Comparative political studies. 47, 1105–1129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013488561.

257.
Kenneth M. Roberts: Market Reform, Programmatic (De)alignment, and Party System Stability in Latin America. Comparative political studies. 46, 1422–1452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012453449.

258.
Kenneth M. Roberts: Changing Course in Latin America: Party systems in the neoliberal era. Cambridge University Press, New York (2014). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511842856.

259.
Tarrow, S.G.: Power in movement: social movements and contentious politics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2011).

260.
Marysa Navarro: The Personal Is Political: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo. In: Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements. pp. 241–258. University of California Press, Berkeley (2001). https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520352148-011.

261.
Oxhorn, P.: Organizing civil society: the popular sectors and the struggle for democracy in Chile. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa (1995).

262.
Jonathan Fox: The difficult transition from clientelism to citizenship: Lessons from Mexico. In: The new politics of inequality in Latin America: rethinking participation and representation. pp. 391–420. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1997). https://doi.org/10.1093/0198781830.001.0001.

263.
Jonathan Fox: How does civil society ‘thicken’? the political construction of social capital in rural Mexico. World development. 24, 1089–1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00025-3.

264.
Daniel H. Levine, Scott Mainwaring: Religion and Popular Protest in Latin America: Contrasting Experiences. In: Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements. pp. 203–240. University of California Press, Berkeley (2001). https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520352148-010.

265.
Levine, D.H.: Popular voices in Latin American Catholicism. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J (1992).

266.
Steven Levitsky: Organized labor and democracy in Latin America. Comparative Politics. 39, 21–42 (2006).

267.
Paul G. Buchanan: Preauthoritarian Institutions and Postauthoritarian Outcomes: Labor Politics in Chile and Uruguay. Latin American Politics and Society. 50, 59–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2008.00004.x.

268.
Escobar, A., Alvarez, S.E.: The Making of social movements in Latin America: identity, strategy, and democracy. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo (1992).

269.
Johnston, H., Almeida, P.: Latin American social movements: globalization, democratization, and transnational networks. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Md (2006).

270.
Joseph L. Klesner: Social Capital and Political Participation in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Latin American Research Review. 42, 1–32 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2007.0022.

271.
Benjamin Goldfrank: The politics of deepening local democracy: Decentralization, party institutionalization, and participation. Comparative Politics. 39, 147–168 (2007).

272.
Brian Wampler: When does participatory democracy deepen the quality of democracy? Lessons from Brazil. Comparative Politics. 41, 61–81 (2008).

273.
Hochstetler, K.: Can civil society organizations solve the crisis of partisan representation in Latin America? Latin American Politics and Society. 50, 1–32 (2008).

274.
Jelin, E., Hershberg, E.: Construir la democracia, derechos humanos, ciudadanía y sociedad en América Latina. Editorial Nueva Sociedad, Venezuela (1996).

275.
Lynn R. Horton: After democracy: Advances and challenges for women’s movements in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 165–176 (2007).

276.
Georgina Waylen: Gender and democratic politics: A comparative analysis of consolidation in Argentina and Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies. 32, 765–793 (2000).

277.
Lisa Baldez: Women’s movements and democratic transition in Chile, Brazil, East Germany, and Poland. Comparative Politics. 35, 253–272 (2003).

278.
Horton, L.: After Democracy: Advances and Challenges for Women’s Movements in Latin America. Latin American Politics & Society. 49, 165–176 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1353/lap.2007.0004.

279.
Franceschet, S., Piscopo, J.M.: Gender Quotas and Women’s Substantive Representation: Lessons from Argentina. Politics & Gender. 4, 393–425.

280.
Denise M. Walsh: Does the Quality of Democracy Matter for Women’s Rights? Just Debate and Democratic Transition in Chile and South Africa. Comparative Political Studies. 45, 1323–1350 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012437165.

281.
Schwindt-Bayer, L.A.: Political power and women’s representation in Latin America. Oxford University Press, New York (2010).

282.
Jana Morgan, Melissa Buice: Latin American Attitudes toward Women in Politics: The Influence of Elite Cues, Female Advancement, and Individual Characteristics. American Political Science Review. 107, 644–662. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000385.

283.
Htun, M.: Inclusion without Representation in Latin America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139021067.

284.
Susan, Franceschet, Jennifer M.Piscopo, Gwynn Thomas: Supermadres, Maternal Legacies and Women’s Political Participation in Contemporary Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies. 48, 1–32 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X15000814.

285.
Jennifer M. Piscopo: When Informality Advantages Women: Quota Networks, Electoral Rules and Candidate Selection in Mexico. Government and Opposition. 51, 487–512 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.11.

286.
Caroline C. Beer, Roderic Ai Camp: Democracy, gender quotas, and political recruitment in Mexico. Politics, Groups, and Identities. 4, 179–195 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2015.1120223.

287.
Ron Ahnen: Between tyranny of the majority and liberty: The persistence of human rights violations under democracy in Brazil. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 22, 319–339 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00080.

288.
Sieder, R.: Multiculturalism in Latin America: indigenous rights, diversity, and democracy. Palgrave, Basingstoke (2002).

289.
Deborah J. Yashar: Contesting citizenship: Indigenous movements and democracy in Latin America. Comparative Politics. 31, 23–42 (1998).

290.
Deborah J. Yashar: Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America. World Politics. 52, 76–104.

291.
Yashar, D.J.: Contesting citizenship in Latin America: the rise of indigenous movements and the postliberal challenge. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005).

292.
Donna Lee Van Cott: Institutional Change and Ethnic Parties in South America. Latin American Politics and Society. 45, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00239.x.

293.
Donna Lee Van Cott: From Movements to Parties in Latin America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511756115.

294.
Donna Lee Van Cott: Radical Democracy in the Andes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008).

295.
Zamosc, L., Postero, N.G.: The struggle for indigenous rights in Latin America. Sussex Academic Press, Brighton (2004).

296.
Leon Zamosc: The Indian movement and political democracy in Ecuador. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 1–34 (2007).

297.
Raúl L. Madrid: The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America. World Politics. 60, 475–508. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100009060.

298.
Raúl Madrid: Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America. Comparative Politics. 38, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/20072910.

299.
Roberta Rice, Donna Lee Van Cott: The Emergence and Performance of Indigenous Peoples’ Parties in South America: A Subnational Statistical Analysis. Comparative Political Studies. 39, 709–732 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414005285036.

300.
Raúl L. Madrid: The rise of ethnic politics in Latin America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2012).

301.
Raúl L. Madrid: Obstacles to ethnic parties in Latin America. In: Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyck, and Jorge I Dominguez (eds.) Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. pp. 305–304. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316550564.011.

302.
Andersen, M.E.: Peoples of the Earth: ethnonationalism, democracy, and the indigenous challenge in ‘Latin’ America. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD (2010).

303.
Robert Albro: The Indigenous in the Plural in Bolivian Oppositional Politics. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 24, 433–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0261-3050.2005.00142.x.

304.
Willem Assies, Ton Salman: Ethnicity and politics in Bolivia. Ethnopolitics. 4, 269–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449050500229842.

305.
Igidio Naveda Felix: The Reconstitution of Indigenous Peoples in the Peruvian Andes. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies. 3, 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/17442220802462469.

306.
Rice, R.: The new politics of protest: indigenous mobilization in Latin America’s neoliberal era. University of Arizona Press, Tucson (2012).

307.
Kevin Pallister: Why No Mayan Party? Indigenous Movements and National Politics in Guatemala. Latin American Politics and Society. 55, 117–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00205.x.

308.
Guillermo Trejo: Religious Competition and Ethnic Mobilization in Latin America: Why the Catholic Church Promotes Indigenous Movements in Mexico. The American Political Science Review. 103, 323–342 (2009).

309.
Trejo, G.: Popular Movements in Autocracies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2012). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139043250.

310.
Stephanie, Rousseau, Anahi, Morales, Hudon: Paths towards Autonomy in Indigenous Women’s Movements: Mexico, Peru, Bolivia. Journal of Latin American Studies. 48, 33–60 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X15000802.

311.
Sarah Chartock: "Corporatism With Adjectives”? Conceptualizing Civil Society Incorporation and Indigenous Participation in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society. 55, 52–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00193.x.

312.
Keck, M.E., Sikkink, K.: Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. (1998).

313.
Encarnación, O.G.: Latin America’s Gay Rights Revolution. Journal of Democracy. 22, 104–118 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2011.0029.

314.
Encarnación, O.G.: Out in the Periphery. Oxford University Press (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199356645.001.0001.

315.
Marcus J. McGee, Karen Kampwirth: The Co-optation of LGBT Movements in Mexico and Nicaragua: Modernizing Clientelism? Latin American Politics and Society. 57, 51–73 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2015.00290.x.

316.
Diez, J.: The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2015). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316162804.

317.
Timothy J. Power, Mary A. Clark: Does Trust Matter? Interpersonal Trust and Democratic Values in Chile, Costa Rica, and Mexico. In: Citizen views of democracy in Latin America. pp. 51–70. University of Pittsburgh Press, [Pittsburgh] (2001).

318.
Turner, F.C.: Reassessing political culture. In: Latin America in comparative perspective: new approaches to methods and analysis. pp. 195–226. Westview Press, Boulder (1995).

319.
Alejandro Moreno: Democracy and Mass Belief Systems in Latin America. In: Citizen views of democracy in Latin America. pp. 25–50. University of Pittsburgh Press, [Pittsburgh] (2001).

320.
Oxhorn, P.: Sustaining civil society: economic change, democracy, and the social construction of citizenship in Latin America. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa (2011).

321.
Jamie Elizabeth Jacobs, Martín Maldonado: Civil society in Argentina: Opportunities and challenges for national and transnational organisation. Journal of Latin American Studies. 37, 141–172 (2005).

322.
Laurence Whitehead: Three international dimensions of democratization. In: The international dimensions of democratization: Europe and the Americas. pp. 3–25. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001). https://doi.org/10.1093/0199243751.003.0001.

323.
Philippe C Schmitter: The influence of the international context upon the choice of national institutions and policies in neo-democracies. In: The international dimensions of democratization: Europe and the Americas. pp. 26–54. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001). https://doi.org/10.1093/0199243751.003.0002.

324.
Whitehead, L.: International aspects of democratization. In: Transitions from authoritarian rule: comparative perspectives. pp. 3–46. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (1986).

325.
Steven Levitsky: Linkage versus leverage. Rethinking the international dimension of regime change. Comparative Politics. 38, 379–400 (2006).

326.
H. Yilmaz: External-internal linkages in democratization: Developing an open model of democratic change. Democratization. 9, 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/714000257.

327.
O’Donnell, G.: The United States, Latin America, democracy: variations on a very old theme. In: The United States and Latin America in the 1980s: contending perspectives on a decade of crisis. pp. 353–377. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa (1986).

328.
Darren Hawkins: Protecting democracy in Europe and the Americas. International Organization. 62, 373–403 (2008).

329.
Democratization. 12, (2005).

330.
Jon C. Pevehouse: Democracy from Above. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491078.

331.
Schoultz, L.: National security and United States policy toward Latin America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. (1987).

332.
Huntington, S.P.: The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman [Okla.] (1991).

333.
Remmer, K.L.: External pressures and domestic constraints: The lessons of the four case studies. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. pp. 286–296. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

334.
Farer, T.J.: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

335.
Lowenthal, A.F.: Exporting democracy: the United States and Latin America : case studies. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1991).

336.
Lars Schoutlz: Evolving concepts of intervention: Promoting democracy. In: The globalization of U.S.-Latin American relations: democracy, intervention, and human rights. pp. 27–45. Praeger, Westport, Conn (2002).

337.
Forsythe, D.P.: The United Nations, democracy, and the Americas. In: Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the Americas. pp. 107–131. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996).

338.
Dexter S. Boniface: Is there a democratic norm in the Americas? An analysis of the organization of American states. Global Governance. 8, 365–381 (2002).

339.
Legler, T.F., Lean, S.F., Boniface, D.S.: Promoting democracy in the Americas. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2007).

340.
Craig Arceneaux: Issues, threats, and institutions: Explaining OAS responses to democratic dilemmas in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 1–31 (2007).

341.
Andrew F. Cooper: A tale of two mesas: The OAS defense of democracy in Peru and Venezuela. Global Governance. 11, 425–444 (2005).

342.
Arturo Valenzuela: Paraguay: The coup that didn’t happen. Journal of Democracy. 8, 43–55 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1997.0014.

343.
Kevin J. Middlebrook: Electoral observation and democratization in Latin America. In: Electoral observation and democratic transitions in Latin America. pp. 3–29. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, La Jolla (1998).

344.
Keck, M.E., Sikkink, K.: Transnational advocacy networks in international politics: Introduction. In: Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics. pp. 1–38. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. (1998).

345.
Sigmund, P.E.: The United States and democracy in Chile. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1993).

346.
Carothers, T.H.: In the name of democracy: U.S. policy toward Latin America in the Reagan years. University of California Press, Berkeley (1991).

347.
Carothers, T.: Aiding democracy abroad: the learning curve. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC (1999).

348.
Kristian Skrede Gleditsch: Diffusion and the international context of democratization. International Organization. 60, 911–933 (2006).

349.
Steven E. Finkel: The effects of U.S. foreign assistance on democracy building, 1990-2003. World Politics. 59, 404–438 (2007).

350.
Carlos Santiso: Promoting democratic governance and preventing the Recurrence of conflict: The role of the United Nations Development Programme in post-conflict peace-building. Journal of Latin American Studies. 34, 555–586 (2002).

351.
Heine, J., Thompson, A.S.: Fixing Haiti: MINUSTAH and beyond. United Nations University Press, Tokyo (2011).

352.
Steven Levitsky, Kenneth M. Roberts: Introduction: Latin America’s "Left Turn”: A Framework for Analysis. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left. pp. 1–28. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2011).

353.
Steven Levitsky, Kenneth M. Roberts: Conclusion: Democracy, development, and the left. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left. pp. 399–428. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2011).

354.
Jorge G. Castañeda: Latin America’s left turn. Foreign Affairs. 85, 28–43 (2006).

355.
Castañeda, J.G., Morales, M.A.: Leftovers: tales of the Latin American left. Routledge, New York (2008).

356.
Jon Beasley-Murray, Maxwell A Cameron, Eric Hershberg: Latin America’s left turns: an introduction. Third World Quarterly. 30, 319–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590902770322.

357.
Weyland, K.: The rise of Latin America’s two lefts: Insights from rentier state theory. Comparative Politics. 41, 145–164. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041509X12911362971918.

358.
Maria Victoria Murillo, Virginia Oliveros, Milan Vaishnav: Electoral revolution or democratic alternation? Latin American Research Review. 45, 87–114.

359.
David Doyle: The Legitimacy of Political Institutions: Explaining Contemporary Populism in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies. 44, 1447–1473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011407469.

360.
Cameron, M.A., Hershberg, E.: Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder [Colo.] (2010).

361.
Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, Wendy Hunter eds: Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010).

362.
Philip, G.D.E., Panizza, F.: The triumph of politics: the return of the left in Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador. Polity, Cambridge (2011).

363.
Karen L. Remmer: The Rise of Leftist- Populist Governance in Latin America: The Roots of Electoral Change. Comparative Political Studies. 45, 947–972. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011428595.

364.
Huber, E., Stephens, J.D.: Democracy and the left: social policy and inequality in Latin America. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2012).

365.
Gustavo Flores-Macias: After neoliberalism: the left and economic reforms in Latin America. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2012).

366.
Ellner, S.: Latin America’s Radical Left in Power: Complexities and Challenges in the Twenty-first Century. Latin American Perspectives. 40, 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X13478398.

367.
Samuel Handlin: Social Protection and the Politicization of Class Cleavages During Latin America’s Left Turn. Comparative Political Studies. 46, 1582–1609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012463907.

368.
Saskia P. Ruth-Lovell: Clientelism and the Utility of the Left-Right Dimension in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society. 58, 72–97 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00300.x.

369.
Kathleen Bruhn: Defining the Left in Latin America. Latin American Research Review. 50, 242–249 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2015.0008.

370.
Keck, M.E.: The Workers’ Party and democratization in Brazil. Yale University Press, New Haven (1992).

371.
Sader, E., Silverstein, K.: Without fear of being happy: Lula, the Workers Party and Brazil. Verso, London (1991).

372.
Moreira Alves, M.H.: Something old, something new: Brazil’s partido dos trabalhadores. In: The Latin American left: from the fall of Allende to Perestroika. pp. 225–242. Westview Press, Boulder (1993).

373.
Wendy Hunter: The normalization of an anomaly: The Workers’ Party in Brazil. World Politics. 59, 440–475 (2007).

374.
Macaulay, F.: The purple in the rainbow: Gender politics in the PT. In: Radicals in power: the Workers’ Party (PT) and experiments in urban democracy. pp. 176–201. Zed Books, London (2003).

375.
Baiocchi, G.: The long march through institutions: Lessons from the PT in power. In: Radicals in power: the Workers’ Party (PT) and experiments in urban democracy. pp. 206–226. Zed Books, London (2003).

376.
Günther Schönleitner: Between liberal and participatory democracy: Tensions and dilemmas of leftist politics in Brazil. Journal of Latin American Studies. 38, 35–63 (2006).

377.
Kees Koonings: Strengthening citizenship in Brazil’s democracy: Local participatory governance in Porto Alegre. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 23, 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2004.00097.x.

378.
Kingstone, P.R., Power, T.J.: Democratic Brazil: actors, institutions, and processes. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa (2000).

379.
Kinzo, M.D.G., Dunkerley, J., University of London: Brazil since 1985: politics, economy and society. Institute of Latin American Studies, London (2003).

380.
Cesar Zucco: The president’s ‘new’ constituency: Lula and the pragmatic vote in Brazil’s 2006 presidential elections. Journal of Latin American Studies. 40, 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X07003628.

381.
Wendy Hunter, Timothy J. Power: Rewarding Lula: Executive power, social policy, and the Brazilian elections of 2006. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 1–30 (2007).

382.
Love, J.L., Baer, W.: Brazil under Lula: economy, politics, and society under the worker-president. Palgrave Macmillan, New York (2009).

383.
French, J.D.: The professor and the worker: Using Brazil to better understand Latin America’s plural left. In: Rethinking intellectuals in Latin America. Iberoamericana, Madrid (2010).

384.
Anthony Hall: From Fome Zero to Bolsa Família: Social policies and poverty alleviation under Lula. Journal of Latin American Studies. 38, 689–709. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X0600157X.

385.
Ronald E. Ahnen: The politics of police violence in democratic Brazil. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 141–164 (2007).

386.
Hunter, W.: Brazil: The PT in Power. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left. pp. 306–324. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2011).

387.
Amaury de Souza: The Politics of Personality in Brazil. Journal of Democracy. 22, 75–88 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2011.0024.

388.
Do Amaral, Oswaldo Epower, Timothy, J: The PT at 35: Revisiting Scholarly Interpretations of the Brazilian Workers’ Party. Journal of Latin American Studies. 48, 147–171.

389.
Samuels, D., Zucco, Jr., C.: Party-Building in Brazil: The Rise of the PT in Perspective. In: Levitsky, S., Loxton, J., Van Dyck, B., and Dominguez, J.I. (eds.) Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. pp. 305–330. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316550564.

390.
Steve Ellner: The radical potential of Chavismo in Venezuela: The first year and a half in power. Latin American Perspectives. 28, 5–32 (2001).

391.
Daniel H. Levine: The decline and fall of democracy in Venezuela: Ten theses. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 21, 248–269 (2002).

392.
Margarita López-Maya: Venezuela after the Caracazo: Forms of protest in a deinstitutionalized context. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 21, 199–218 (2002).

393.
Roberts, K.: Social polarization and the populist resurgence in Venezuela. In: Venezuelan politics in the Chávez era: class, polarization, and conflict. pp. 55–72. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, Colo (2003).

394.
Norden, D.L.: Democracy in uniform: Chávez and the Venezuelan armed forces. In: Venezuelan politics in the Chávez era: class, polarization, and conflict. pp. 93–112. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, Colo (2003).

395.
Sujatha Fernandes: Barrio women and popular politics in Chávez’s Venezuela. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 97–127 (2007).

396.
Michael Coppedge: Venezuela: Popular Sovereignty Versus Liberal Democracy. In: Domínguez, J.I. and Shifter, M. (eds.) Constructing democratic governance in Latin America. pp. 165–192. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2013).

397.
Ellner, S.B., Rosen, F.: Chavismo at the crossroads: Hardliners, moderates and a regime under attack. NACLA report on the Americas. 35, 8–12 (2002).

398.
Gott, R.: In the shadow of the liberator: Hugo Chávez and the transformation of Venezuela. Verso, London (2000).

399.
Brian F. Crisp: Democratizing the democracy? Crisis and reform in Venezuela. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 40, 27–61 (1998).

400.
Damarys Canache: From bullets to ballots: The emergence of popular support for Hugo Chávez. Latin American Politics and Society. 44, 69–90 (2002).

401.
Anibal Romero: Rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic: The agony of democracy in Venezuela. Latin American Research Review. 32, 7–36 (1997).

402.
Jennifer McCoy: Chavez and the end of ‘partyarchy’ in Venezuela. Journal of Democracy. 10, 64–77 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1999.0049.

403.
Jana Morgan: Partisanship during the collapse of Venezuela’s party system. Latin American Research Review. 42, 78–98 (2007).

404.
José E. Molina V: The presidential and parliamentary elections of the Bolivarian revolution in Venezuela: Change and continuity (1998-2000). Bulletin of Latin American Research. 21, 219–247 (2002).

405.
McCoy, J.: Venezuelan democracy under stress. North-South Center Press, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla (1995).

406.
José Pedro Zúquete: The missionary politics of Hugo Chávez. Latin American Politics and Society. 50, 91–121 (2008).

407.
Noam Lupu: Who votes for ‘chavismo’?: Class voting in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela. Latin American Research Review. 45, 7–32 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.0.0083.

408.
Kirk A. Hawkins: Who Mobilizes? Participatory Democracy in Chávez’s Bolivarian Revolution. Latin American Politics and Society. 52, 31–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00089.x.

409.
Damarys Canache: The Meanings of Democracy in Venezuela: Citizen Perceptions and Structural Change. Latin American Politics and Society. 54, 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00166.x.

410.
Pedro Sanoja: Ideology, institutions and ideas: Explaining political change in Venezuela. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 28, 394–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2009.00309.x.

411.
Oliver Heath: Explaining the rise of class politics in Venezuela. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 28, 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2008.00271.x.

412.
Ponniah, T., Eastwood, J. eds: The revolution in Venezuela: Social and Political Change Under Chavez. Harvard University David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Cambridge, MA (2011).

413.
Gregory Wilpert: Collision in Venezuela. New left review.

414.
Daniel H. Levine: Goodbye to Venezuelan exceptionalism. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 36, 145–182 (1994).

415.
Kulisheck, M.R., Canache, D.: Reinventing legitimacy: democracy and political change in Venezuela. Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn (1998).

416.
Deborah L. Norden: Democracy and military control in Venezuela: From subordination to insurrection. Latin American Research Review. 33, 143–165 (1998).

417.
Barry Cannon: Venezuela, April 2002: Coup or popular rebellion? The myth of a united Venezuela. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 23, 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0261-3050.2004.00109.x.

418.
Buxton, J.: The failure of political reform in Venezuela. Ashgate, Aldershot (2001).

419.
Steve Ellner: The contrasting variants of the populism of Hugo Chávez and Alberto Fujimori. Journal of Latin American Studies. 35, 139–162 (2003).

420.
Michael Penfold-Becerra: Clientelism and Social Funds: Evidence from Chávez’s Misiones. Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 63–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00392.x.

421.
José Pedro Zúquete: The missionary politics of Hugo Chávez. Latin American Politics and Society. 50, 91–121 (2008).

422.
Cannon, B.: Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution: populism and democracy in a globalised age. Manchester University Press, Manchester (2009).

423.
Fernandes, S.: Who Can Stop the Drums? Urban Social Movements in Chávez’s Venezuela. Duke University Press (2010). https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822391708.

424.
Beasley-Murray, J.: Constituent power and the Caracazo: The exemplary case of Venezuela. In: Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. pp. 127–144. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder [Colo.] (2010).

425.
McCoy, J.: Venezuela under Chávez: Beyond liberalism. In: Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. pp. 81–100. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder [Colo.] (2010).

426.
French, J.D.: Many lefts, One path? Chávez and Lula. In: Latin America’s left turns: politics, policies, and trajectories of change. pp. 41–60. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder [Colo.] (2010).

427.
Margarita López-Maya: Venezuela: Hugo Chávez and the Populist Left. In: The resurgence of the Latin American left. pp. 213–238. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2011).

428.
Jennifer L. Merolla, Elisabeth J. Zechmeister: The Nature, Determinants, and Consequences of Chavez’s Charisma: Evidence From a Study of Venezuelan Public Opinion. Comparative Political Studies. 44, 28–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010381076.

429.
Brading, R.: Populism in Venezuela. Routledge, New York (2013).

430.
Yannis Stavrakakis, Alexandros Kioupkiolis, Giorgos Katsambekis, Nikos Nikisianis, Thomas Siomos: Contemporary Left-wing Populism in Latin America: Leadership, Horizontalism, and Postdemocracy in Chávez’s Venezuela. Latin American Politics and Society. 58, 51–76 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00318.x.

431.
Daniel Hellinger, David Smilde: Venezuela’s Bolivarian democracy: participation, politics, and culture under Chávez. Duke University Press, Durham, NC (2011).

432.
Paul W. Posner: Laboring Under Chávez: Populism for the Twenty-first Century. Latin American Politics and Society. 58, 26–50 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00317.x.

433.
Kent Eaton: Recentralization and the Left Turn in Latin America: Diverging Outcomes in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Comparative Political Studies. 47, 1130–1157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013488562.

434.
Matthew Rhodes-Purdy: Participatory Populism: Theory and Evidence from Bolivarian Venezuela. Political Research Quarterly. 68, 415–427 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912915592183.

435.
Kevin J. Middlebrook: Introduction: Conservative Parties, Elite Representation, and Democracy in Latin America. In: Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America. pp. 1–50. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2000).

436.
Loxton, J.: The Authoritarian Roots of New Right Party Success in Latin America. In: Luna, J.P. and Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. pp. 117–140. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2014).

437.
Roberts, K.M.: Democracy, Free Markets, and the Rightist Dilemma in Latin America. In: Luna, J.P. and Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. pp. 25–47. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2014).

438.
Eaton, K.: New Strategies of the Latin American Right: Beyond Parties and Elections. In: Luna, J.P. and Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. pp. 75–93. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2014).

439.
Domínguez, F., Lievesley, G., Ludlam, S.: Right-wing politics in the new Latin America: reaction and revolt. Zed, London (2011).

440.
James Loxton: Authoritarian Successor Parties and the New Right in Latin America. In: Steven Levitsky, James Loxton, Brandon Van Dyke, and Jorge I. Domínguez (eds.) Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. pp. 245–272. Cambridge University Press (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316550564.

441.
Manuel Antonio Garretón: Atavism and Democratic Ambiguity in the Chilean Right. In: Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America. pp. 53–79. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2000).

442.
Siavelis, P.M.: Chile: The Right’s Evolution from Democracy to Authoritarianism and Back Again. In: Luna, J.P. and Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. pp. 242–267. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2014).

443.
Correa, S.: The Chilean Right after Pinochet. In: The legacy of dictatorship: political, economic and social change in Pinochet’s Chile. pp. 164–174. Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (1993).

444.
Pollack, M.: The new Right in Chile, 1973-97. Macmillan, Basingstoke (1999).

445.
Arturo Fontaine Talavera: Chile’s Elections: The New Face of the New Right. Journal of Democracy. 11, 70–77.

446.
Tomás Moulián, Isabel Torres: La problemática de la derecha política en Chile, 1964-1983. In: Marcelo Cavarozzi and Manuel Antonio Garretón (eds.) Muerte y resurreccion : los partidos politicos en el autoritarismo y las transiciones del Cono Sur. FLACSO, Santiago, Chile (1989).

447.
Scully, T.R.: Reconstituting party politics in Chile. In: Building democratic institutions: party systems in Latin America. pp. 100–137. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1995).

448.
Margaret Power: Defending dictatorship: Conservative women in Pinochet’s Chile and the 1988 plebiscite. In: Radical women in Latin America: left and right. pp. 299–324. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park (2001).

449.
Angell, A.E.: The Pinochet factor in Chilean politics. In: Democracy after Pinochet: politics, parties and elections in Chile. pp. 139–162. Institute for the Study of the Americas, London (2007).

450.
Patricio Silva: Doing politics in a depoliticised society: Social change and political deactivation in Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 23, 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2004.00096.x.

451.
Juan Pablo Luna: Segmented party–voter linkages in Latin America: The case of the UDI. Journal of Latin American Studies. 42, 325–356. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X10000465.

452.
Mauricio Morales Quiroga: The Concertación’s Defeat in Chile’s 2009-2010 Presidential Elections. Latin American Politics and Society. 54, 79–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00154.x.

453.
Kevin J. Middlebrook: Party politics and democratization in Mexico: The Partido Acción Nacional in comparative perspective. In: Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. pp. 3–44. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego (2001).

454.
Mizrahi, Y.: The costs of electoral success: The Partido Acción Nacional in Mexico. In: Governing Mexico: political parties and elections. pp. 95–113. Institute of Latin American Studies, London (1998).

455.
Loaeza, S.: The National Action Party (PAN): From the fringes of the political system to the heart of change. In: Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts. pp. 196–246. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (2003).

456.
Lujambio, A.: Democratization through Federalism? The National Action Party Strategy, 1939-2000. In: Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego (2001).

457.
David A. Shirk: Mexico’s democratization and the organizational development of the National Action Party. In: Party politics and the struggle for democracy in Mexico: national and state-level analyses of the Partido Acción Nacional. pp. 95–128. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego (2001).

458.
Soledad Loaeza: El Partido Acción Nacional: la larga marcha, 1939-1994 : oposición leal y partido de protesta. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México (1999).

459.
Magaloni, B., Moreno, A.: Catching all souls: The Partido Acción Nacional and the politics of religion in Mexico. In: Christian democracy in Latin America: electoral competition and regime conflicts. pp. 247–272. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (2003).

460.
Camp, R.A.: The PAN’s social bases: Implications for leadership. In: Opposition government in Mexico. pp. 65–80. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque (1995).

461.
Ai Camp, R.: Democracy Redux? Mexico’s Voters and the 2006 Presidential Race. In: Consolidating Mexico’s democracy: the 2006 presidential campaign in comparative perspective. pp. 29-49-306–311. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (2009).

462.
Flores-Macías, G.: Mexico’s 2012 Elections: The Return of the PRI. Journal of Democracy. 24, 128–141 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2013.0006.

463.
Wuhs, S.T.: Mexico: The Partido Acción Nacional as a Right Party. In: Luna, J.P. and Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. pp. 219–241. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2014).

464.
James A. McCann: Time to Turn Back the Clock? Retrospective Judgments of the Single-Party Era and Support for the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 2012. In: Domínguez, J.I., Greene, K.F., Lawson, C.H., and Moreno, A. (eds.) Mexico’s evolving democracy: a comparative study of the 2012 elections. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2015).

465.
Romero, V., Magaloni, B., Díaz-Cayeros, A.: Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico’s War on Crime. Latin American Politics and Society. 58, 100–123 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00312.x.

466.
Flores-Macías, G.A.: Mexico’s Stalled Reforms. Journal of Democracy. 27, 66–78 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2016.0022.

Bibliography for AMER0007: Democratization in Latin America BETA