Abramovitz, Moses (1986) ‘Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind’, The Journal of Economic History, 46(2), pp. 385–406. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2122171.
Adanır, Fikret and Faroqhi, Suraiya (2002) The Ottomans and the Balkans: a discussion of historiography. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
ALLEN, R.C. (2011) ‘Why the industrial revolution was British: commerce, induced invention, and the scientific revolution1’, The Economic History Review, 64(2), pp. 357–384. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00532.x.
Barkey, Karen (2008) Empire of difference: the Ottomans in comparative perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Berend, T. Iván (2006) An economic history of twentieth-century Europe: economic regimes from laissez-faire to globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Berend, T. Iván and Ránki, György (1982) The European periphery and industrialization 1780-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Boserup, Ester (1965) The conditions of agricultural growth: the economics of agrarian change under population pressure. Chicago, Ill: Aldine.
Broadberry, S. N. and O’Rourke, Kevin H. (2010) The Cambridge economic history of modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bunton, Martin P. and Owen, Roger (2000) New perspectives on property and land in the Middle East. Cambridge, Mass: Distributed for the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of Harvard University by Harvard University Press.
Cameron, Rondo E., Bovykin, Valeriĭ Ivanovich, and Ananʹich, B. V. (1991) International banking, 1870-1914. New York: Oxford University Press.
Clark, Edward C (1974) ‘The Ottoman Industrial Revolution’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 5(1), pp. 65–76. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/162344.
Cosgel, M.M. (2005) ‘EFFICIENCY AND CONTINUITY IN PUBLIC FINANCE: THE OTTOMAN SYSTEM OF TAXATION’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 37(04). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743805052207.
Coşgel, M.M. (2008) ‘Estimating Rural Incomes and Inequality in the Ottoman Empire’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 40(03). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743808080951.
Cottrell, P. L. et al. (2008a) East meets West: banking, commerce and investment in the Ottoman Empire. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Cottrell, P. L. et al. (2008b) East meets West: banking, commerce and investment in the Ottoman Empire. Aldershot: Ashgate.
ELDEM, E. (2005) ‘Ottoman financial integration with Europe: foreign loans, the Ottoman Bank and the Ottoman public debt’, European Review, 13(3), pp. 431–445. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798705000554.
Faroqhi, Suraiya N. (2006a) The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956.
Faroqhi, Suraiya N. (2006b) The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956.
Faroqhi, Suraiya N. (2006c) The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956.
Faroqhi, Suraiya N. (2006d) The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956.
Faroqhi, Suraiya N. (2006e) The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956.
Flandreau, Marc, Zumer, Frédéric, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004) The making of global finance 1880-1913. Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Gerber, H. (1987a) The social origins of the modern Middle East. Paperback ed. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00885.
Gerber, H. (1987b) The social origins of the modern Middle East. Paperback ed. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00885.
Gerschenkron, Alexander (1962) Economic backwardness in historical perspective: a book of essays. Harvard U.P.; Oxford U.P.
Gondicas, D. and Issawi, C.P. (1999) Ottoman Greeks in the age of nationalism: politics, economy, and society in the nineteenth century. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press.
Hourani, A. (1991) ‘How Should We Write The History Of The Middle East?’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 23(02), pp. 125–136. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800056002.
Hourani, Albert (1991) A history of the Arab peoples. London: Faber and Faber.
İnalcık, H. and Quataert, D. (1994) An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Issawi, Charles Philip (1982) An economic history of the Middle East and North Africa. London: Methuen.
Karaman, K.K. and Pamuk, Ş. (2010) ‘Ottoman State Finances in European Perspective, 1500–1914’, The Journal of Economic History, 70(03), pp. 593–629. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050710000550.
Karpat, K.H. (1972) ‘The Transformation of the Ottoman State, 1789-1908’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3(03), pp. 243–281. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800025010.
Karpat, K.H. (1985) Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
Kuran, T. (2012) The long divergence: how Islamic law held back the Middle East. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Kuran, Timur (1997) ‘Islam and Underdevelopment: An Old Puzzle Revisited’, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) / Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 153(1), pp. 41–71. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40752985.
Lampe, John R. and Jackson, Marvin R. (1982) Balkan economic history, 1550-1950: from imperial borderlands to developing nations. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Lampe, J.R. and Jackson, M.R. (1982) Balkan economic history, 1550-1950: from imperial borderlands to developing nations. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, Lewis, Norman, and Malone, James (1996) Imperialism: the highest stage of capitalism: a popular outline. London: Junius.
Lewis, Bernard (2002) The emergence of modern Turkey. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Malthus, T. R. (1798) An essay on the principle of population, as it affects the future improvement of society. With remarks on the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and other writers [electronic resource]. London: printed for J. Johnson. Available at: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/ECCO?c=1&stp=Author&ste=11&af=BN&ae=T095674&tiPG=1&dd=0&dc=flc&docNum=CW104783583&vrsn=1.0&srchtp=a&d4=0.33&n=10&SU=0LRL+OR+0LRI&locID=ucl_ttda.
slamolu-nan, H. (2004a) The Ottoman Empire and the world-economy. 1st pbk. ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
slamolu-nan, H. (2004b) The Ottoman Empire and the world-economy. 1st pbk. ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
O’Brien, P. (1982) ‘European Economic Development: The Contribution of the Periphery’, The Economic History Review, 35(1). Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595100.
O’Brien, P. (2006) ‘Historiographical traditions and modern imperatives for the restoration of global history’, Journal of Global History, 1(01). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022806000027.
Owen, Roger (1981a) The Middle East in the world economy 1800-1914. London: Methuen.
Owen, Roger (1981b) The Middle East in the world economy 1800-1914. London: Methuen.
Owen, Roger (1981c) The Middle East in the world economy 1800-1914. London: Methuen.
Özmucur, S. and Pamuk, S. (2002) ‘REAL WAGES AND STANDARDS OF LIVING IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1489–1914’, The Journal of Economic History, 62(02). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050702000517.
Palairet, M. R. (1997) The Balkan economies c. 1800-1914: evolution without development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
PAMUK, S. (2006) ‘Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820’, The Journal of Economic History, 66(03). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050706000337.
Pamuk, Ş. (2010) The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913: trade, investment and production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pamuk, Ş. (2012) ‘Political Power and Institutional Change: Lessons from the Middle East’, Economic History of Developing Regions, 27(sup1), pp. S41–S56. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2012.657481.
PAMUK, Ş. and WILLIAMSON, J.G. (2011) ‘Ottoman de-industrialization, 1800-1913: assessing the magnitude, impact, and response’, The Economic History Review, 64, pp. 159–184. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00560.x.
Pamuk, Şevket (2010a) The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913: trade, investment and production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pamuk, Şevket (2010b) The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913: trade, investment and production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pamuk, Şevket and Williamson, Jeffrey G. (2000a) The Mediterranean response to globalization before 1950. London: Routledge.
Pamuk, Şevket and Williamson, Jeffrey G. (2000b) The Mediterranean response to globalization before 1950. London: Routledge.
Pomeranz, K. (2012) ‘Contemporary Development and Economic History: How do we Know what Matters?’, Economic History of Developing Regions, 27(sup1), pp. S136–S148. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2012.657483.
Pomeranz, Kenneth (2000) The great divergence: Europe, China, and the making of the modern world economy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Pryor, F.L. (1980) ‘The Asian mode of production as an economic system’, Journal of Comparative Economics, 4(4), pp. 420–442. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(80)90005-0.
Quataert, D. (no date) Manufacturing in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, 1500-1950. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.
Quataert, Donald (2005) The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
Robert C. Allen (2011) Global economic history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shaw, Stanford J. and Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977) History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey: Vol.2: Reform, revolution and republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Simon, K. (1971) Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections. Available at: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1971/kuznets-lecture.html.
Stegl, M. and Baten, J. (2009) ‘Tall and shrinking Muslims, short and growing Europeans: The long-run welfare development of the Middle East, 1850–1980’, Explorations in Economic History, 46(1), pp. 132–148. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2008.10.003.
Teich, Mikuláš and Porter, Roy (1996) The Industrial revolution in national context: Europe and the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice (1979) The capitalist world-economy: essays. Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press [etc.].
Wittfogel, Karl August (1981) Oriental despotism: a comparative study of total power. New York: Vintage.
Woolcock, M., Rao, V. and Szreter, S. (2010) ‘How and why does history matter for development policy ?’ The World Bank. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/3909.
Yun Casalilla, Bartolomé, O’Brien, Patrick Karl, and Comín Comín, Francisco (2012a) The rise of fiscal states: a global history, 1500-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yun Casalilla, Bartolomé, O’Brien, Patrick Karl, and Comín Comín, Francisco (2012b) The rise of fiscal states: a global history, 1500-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.