[1]
Quataert, Donald, The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922, 2nd ed., vol. New approaches to European history. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press, 2005.
[2]
Lampe, John R. and Jackson, Marvin R., Balkan economic history, 1550-1950: from imperial borderlands to developing nations, vol. Joint Committee on Eastern Europe publication series. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.
[3]
Owen, Roger, The Middle East in the world economy 1800-1914. London: Methuen, 1981.
[4]
Ş. Pamuk, ‘Political Power and Institutional Change: Lessons from the Middle East’, Economic History of Developing Regions, vol. 27, no. sup1, pp. S41–S56, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1080/20780389.2012.657481.
[5]
Lewis, Bernard, The emergence of modern Turkey, 3rd ed., vol. Studies in Middle Eastern history. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
[6]
H. slamolu-nan, The Ottoman Empire and the world-economy, 1st pbk. ed., vol. Studies in modern capitalism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
[7]
M. Woolcock, V. Rao, and S. Szreter, ‘How and why does history matter for development policy ?’ The World Bank, Sep. 29, 2010 [Online]. Available: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/3909
[8]
K. Pomeranz, ‘Contemporary Development and Economic History: How do we Know what Matters?’, Economic History of Developing Regions, vol. 27, no. sup1, pp. S136–S148, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1080/20780389.2012.657483.
[9]
Yun Casalilla, Bartolomé, O’Brien, Patrick Karl, and Comín Comín, Francisco, The rise of fiscal states: a global history, 1500-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
[10]
Shaw, Stanford J. and Shaw, Ezel Kural, History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey: Vol.2: Reform, revolution and republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
[11]
Barkey, Karen, Empire of difference: the Ottomans in comparative perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
[12]
K. H. Karpat, ‘The Transformation of the Ottoman State, 1789-1908’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 3, no. 03, pp. 243–281, Jul. 1972, doi: 10.1017/S0020743800025010.
[13]
K. K. Karaman and Ş. Pamuk, ‘Ottoman State Finances in European Perspective, 1500–1914’, The Journal of Economic History, vol. 70, no. 03, pp. 593–629, Sep. 2010, doi: 10.1017/S0022050710000550.
[14]
M. M. Cosgel, ‘EFFICIENCY AND CONTINUITY IN PUBLIC FINANCE: THE OTTOMAN SYSTEM OF TAXATION’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 37, no. 04, Sep. 2005, doi: 10.1017/S0020743805052207.
[15]
F. L. Pryor, ‘The Asian mode of production as an economic system’, Journal of Comparative Economics, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 420–442, Dec. 1980, doi: 10.1016/0147-5967(80)90005-0.
[16]
Wittfogel, Karl August, Oriental despotism: a comparative study of total power. New York: Vintage, 1981.
[17]
H. İnalcık and D. Quataert, An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[18]
Ş. Pamuk, The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913: trade, investment and production, vol. Cambridge Middle East library. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[19]
K. H. Karpat, Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics, vol. Turkish and Ottoman studies. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.
[20]
H. Gerber, The social origins of the modern Middle East, Paperback ed. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner, 1987 [Online]. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00885
[21]
Faroqhi, Suraiya N., The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839, vol. Cambridge history of Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956
[22]
Bunton, Martin P. and Owen, Roger, New perspectives on property and land in the Middle East, vol. Harvard Middle Eastern monographs. Cambridge, Mass: Distributed for the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of Harvard University by Harvard University Press, 2000.
[23]
Malthus, T. R., An essay on the principle of population, as it affects the future improvement of society. With remarks on the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and other writers. London: printed for J. Johnson, 1798 [Online]. Available: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/ECCO?c=1&stp=Author&ste=11&af=BN&ae=T095674&tiPG=1&dd=0&dc=flc&docNum=CW104783583&vrsn=1.0&srchtp=a&d4=0.33&n=10&SU=0LRL+OR+0LRI&locID=ucl_ttda
[24]
Boserup, Ester, The conditions of agricultural growth: the economics of agrarian change under population pressure. Chicago, Ill: Aldine, 1965.
[25]
Pamuk, Şevket, The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913: trade, investment and production, vol. Cambridge Middle East library. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[26]
Owen, Roger, The Middle East in the world economy 1800-1914. London: Methuen, 1981.
[27]
H. slamolu-nan, The Ottoman Empire and the world-economy, 1st pbk. ed., vol. Studies in modern capitalism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
[28]
Pamuk, Şevket and Williamson, Jeffrey G., The Mediterranean response to globalization before 1950. London: Routledge, 2000.
[29]
Cottrell, P. L., Fraser, Monika Pohle, Fraser, Iain L., and European Association for Banking and Financial History, East meets West: banking, commerce and investment in the Ottoman Empire. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008.
[30]
D. Gondicas and C. P. Issawi, Ottoman Greeks in the age of nationalism: politics, economy, and society in the nineteenth century. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 1999.
[31]
P. O’Brien, ‘European Economic Development: The Contribution of the Periphery’, The Economic History Review, vol. 35, no. 1, Feb. 1982 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595100
[32]
Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice, The capitalist world-economy: essays, vol. Studies in modern capitalism. Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press [etc.], 1979.
[33]
Cameron, Rondo E., Bovykin, Valeriĭ Ivanovich, and Ananʹich, B. V., International banking, 1870-1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
[34]
Pamuk, Şevket, The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913: trade, investment and production, vol. Cambridge Middle East library. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[35]
E. ELDEM, ‘Ottoman financial integration with Europe: foreign loans, the Ottoman Bank and the Ottoman public debt’, European Review, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 431–445, Jul. 2005, doi: 10.1017/S1062798705000554.
[36]
Cottrell, P. L., Fraser, Monika Pohle, Fraser, Iain L., and European Association for Banking and Financial History, East meets West: banking, commerce and investment in the Ottoman Empire. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008.
[37]
Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, Lewis, Norman, and Malone, James, Imperialism: the highest stage of capitalism: a popular outline. London: Junius, 1996.
[38]
Flandreau, Marc, Zumer, Frédéric, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, The making of global finance 1880-1913, vol. Development Centre studies. Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2004.
[39]
Faroqhi, Suraiya N., The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839, vol. Cambridge history of Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956
[40]
D. Quataert, Manufacturing in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, 1500-1950, vol. SUNY series in the social and economic history of the Middle East. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.
[41]
Ş. PAMUK and J. G. WILLIAMSON, ‘Ottoman de-industrialization, 1800-1913: assessing the magnitude, impact, and response’, The Economic History Review, vol. 64, pp. 159–184, Feb. 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00560.x.
[42]
Faroqhi, Suraiya N., The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839, vol. Cambridge history of Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956
[43]
Clark, Edward C, ‘The Ottoman Industrial Revolution’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 65–76, Jan. 1974 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/162344
[44]
R. C. ALLEN, ‘Why the industrial revolution was British: commerce, induced invention, and the scientific revolution1’, The Economic History Review, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 357–384, May 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00532.x.
[45]
K. Simon, ‘Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections’, 1971. [Online]. Available: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1971/kuznets-lecture.html
[46]
S. Özmucur and S. Pamuk, ‘REAL WAGES AND STANDARDS OF LIVING IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1489–1914’, The Journal of Economic History, vol. 62, no. 02, Jun. 2002, doi: 10.1017/S0022050702000517.
[47]
S. PAMUK, ‘Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820’, The Journal of Economic History, vol. 66, no. 03, Sep. 2006, doi: 10.1017/S0022050706000337.
[48]
Kuran, Timur, ‘Islam and Underdevelopment: An Old Puzzle Revisited’, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) / Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft, vol. 153, no. 1, pp. 41–71, Mar. 1997 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40752985
[49]
M. Stegl and J. Baten, ‘Tall and shrinking Muslims, short and growing Europeans: The long-run welfare development of the Middle East, 1850–1980’, Explorations in Economic History, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 132–148, Jan. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.eeh.2008.10.003.
[50]
M. M. Coşgel, ‘Estimating Rural Incomes and Inequality in the Ottoman Empire’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 40, no. 03, Aug. 2008, doi: 10.1017/S0020743808080951.
[51]
Abramovitz, Moses, ‘Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind’, The Journal of Economic History, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 385–406, Jun. 1986 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2122171
[52]
Pomeranz, Kenneth, The great divergence: Europe, China, and the making of the modern world economy, vol. The Princeton economic history of the Western world. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000.
[53]
Adanır, Fikret and Faroqhi, Suraiya, The Ottomans and the Balkans: a discussion of historiography, vol. Ottoman Empire and its heritage. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2002.
[54]
J. R. Lampe and M. R. Jackson, Balkan economic history, 1550-1950: from imperial borderlands to developing nations, vol. The Joint Committee on Eastern Europe publication series. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.
[55]
Palairet, M. R., The Balkan economies c. 1800-1914: evolution without development, vol. Cambridge studies in modern economic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
[56]
Faroqhi, Suraiya N., The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839, vol. Cambridge history of Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956
[57]
Teich, Mikuláš and Porter, Roy, The Industrial revolution in national context: Europe and the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
[58]
Gerschenkron, Alexander, Economic backwardness in historical perspective: a book of essays. Harvard U.P.; Oxford U.P, 1962.
[59]
Berend, T. Iván and Ránki, György, The European periphery and industrialization 1780-1914, vol. Studies in modern capitalism = Études sur le capitalisme moderne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
[60]
Owen, Roger, The Middle East in the world economy 1800-1914. London: Methuen, 1981.
[61]
H. Gerber, The social origins of the modern Middle East, Paperback ed. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner, 1987 [Online]. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00885
[62]
Issawi, Charles Philip, An economic history of the Middle East and North Africa. London: Methuen, 1982.
[63]
Faroqhi, Suraiya N., The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 3: The later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839, vol. Cambridge history of Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620956
[64]
Hourani, Albert, A history of the Arab peoples. London: Faber and Faber, 1991.
[65]
A. Hourani, ‘How Should We Write The History Of The Middle East?’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 23, no. 02, pp. 125–136, May 1991, doi: 10.1017/S0020743800056002.
[66]
T. Kuran, The long divergence: how Islamic law held back the Middle East. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2012.
[67]
Yun Casalilla, Bartolomé, O’Brien, Patrick Karl, and Comín Comín, Francisco, The rise of fiscal states: a global history, 1500-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
[68]
Berend, T. Iván, An economic history of twentieth-century Europe: economic regimes from laissez-faire to globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[69]
Broadberry, S. N. and O’Rourke, Kevin H., The Cambridge economic history of modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[70]
Pamuk, Şevket and Williamson, Jeffrey G., The Mediterranean response to globalization before 1950. London: Routledge, 2000.
[71]
P. O’Brien, ‘Historiographical traditions and modern imperatives for the restoration of global history’, Journal of Global History, vol. 1, no. 01, Mar. 2006, doi: 10.1017/S1740022806000027.
[72]
Robert C. Allen, Global economic history. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.