1.
LaFree G, Freilich J. The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/book/10.1002/9781118923986
2.
Horgan J. The Psychology of Terrorism. Vol Political violence. Revised and updated second edition. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2014. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1715821
3.
Kennedy-Pipe C, Clubb G, Mabon S, eds. Terrorism and Political Violence. SAGE; 2015.
4.
Martin G. Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. 5th edition. SAGE; 2016.
5.
Alex P. Schmid. The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research.
6.
Clarke RVG, Newman GR. Outsmarting the Terrorists. Vol Global crime and justice. Praeger Security International; 2006. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=226401&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451
7.
Horgan J. Terrorism Studies: A Reader. Routledge; 2008.
8.
Dedeoglu B. Bermuda triangle: comparing official definitions of terrorist activity. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2003;15(3):81-110. doi:10.1080/09546550312331293147
9.
Ganor B. Defining Terrorism: Is One Man’s Terrorist another Man’s Freedom Fighter? Police Practice and Research. 2002;3(4):287-304. doi:10.1080/1561426022000032060
10.
Silke A. The Devil You Know: Continuing Problems with Research on Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2001;13(4):1-14. doi:10.1080/09546550109609697
11.
Weinberg L, Pedahzur A, Hirsch-Hoefler S. The Challenges of Conceptualizing Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2004;16(4):777-794. doi:10.1080/095465590899768
12.
Alex Peter Schmid. Political Terrorism. Transaction Publishers; 2005.
13.
LaFree G, Dugan L. Introducing the Global Terrorism Database. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2007;19(2):181-204. doi:10.1080/09546550701246817
14.
Reid EF, Chen H. Mapping the contemporary terrorism research domain. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 2007;65(1):42-56. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.08.006
15.
Sandler T, Enders W. Applying Analytical Methods to Study Terrorism. International Studies Perspectives. 2007;8(3):287-302. doi:10.1111/j.1528-3585.2007.00290.x
16.
Silke A. Research on Terrorism: Trends, Achievements & Failures. Vol Cass series on political violence. Frank Cass; 2004.
17.
Schmid AP. Terrorism - The Definitional Problem. http://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol36/iss2/8
18.
Schmid AP. The Revised Academic Consensus Definition of Terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism. 2012;6(2). https://ucl-new-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_6e357034c31240458de9cc0c96f1d99c&context=PC&vid=UCL_VU2&lang=en_US&search_scope=CSCOP_UCL&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&query=any,contains,Revised%20Academic%20Consensus%20Definition%20of%20Terrorism&offset=0
19.
Young JK, Findley MG. Promise and Pitfalls of Terrorism Research. International Studies Review. 2011;13(3):411-431. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01015.x
20.
Crenshaw M. The Debate over "New” vs. "Old” Terrorism. In: Karawan IA, McCormack W, Reynolds SE, eds. Values and Violence. Vol 4. Springer Netherlands; 2009:117-136. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8660-1_8
21.
Kurtulus EN. The "New Terrorism” and its Critics. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2011;34(6):476-500. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2011.571194
22.
Chaliand G, Blin A, Schneider E, Pulver K, Browner J, eds. The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. University of California Press https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/177/177597_History%20of%20Ter.pdf
23.
Crenshaw M. Terrorism in Context. Pennsylvania State University Press; 1995.
24.
Flemming PA, Stohl M, Schmid AP. The Theoretical Utility of Typologies of Terrorism: Lessons and Opportunities. In: The Politics of Terrorism. M. Dekker; 1988. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=R60c_2nCcnYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA153&dq=The+Theoretical+Utility+of+Typologies+of+Terrorism:+Lessons+and+Opportunities&ots=FCsSE4i0PX&sig=LpJgeIqmjf-ewXY4aYaxX-0PRBE#v=onepage&q=The%20Theoretical%20Utility%20of%20Typologies%20of%20Terrorism%3A%20Lessons%20and%20Opportunities&f=false
25.
Garrison A. Terrorism: The nature of its history. Criminal Justice Studies. 2003;16(1):39-52. doi:10.1080/08884310309608
26.
Gurr TR. Terrorism in democracies: its social and political bases. In: Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind. Woodrow Wilson Center Press; 1998:86-102.
27.
Hoffman B. Inside Terrorism. Victor Gollancz; 1998.
28.
Kellen K. Ideology and rebellion: Terrorism in West Germany. In: Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind. Woodrow Wilson Center Press; 1998:43-58.
29.
Laqueur W. The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. Oxford University Press; 1999.
30.
Rapoport DC. The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism. In: Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy. Georgetown University Press; 2004:46-73. https://international.ucla.edu/media/files/Rapoport-Four-Waves-of-Modern-Terrorism.pdf
31.
William F. Shughart II. An Analytical History of Terrorism, 1945-2000. Public Choice. 2005;128(1):7-39. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/30026632?sid=primo
32.
Wilkinson P. Terrorism and the Liberal State. 2nd ed. rev., extended and updated. Macmillan; 1986.
33.
Dalgaard-Nielsen A. Violent Radicalization in Europe: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2010;33(9):797-814. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2010.501423
34.
Jones CR. Are prisons really schools for terrorism? Challenging the rhetoric on prison radicalization. Punishment & Society. 2014;16(1):74-103. doi:10.1177/1462474513506482
35.
RICHARDS A. The problem with ‘radicalization’: the remit of ‘Prevent’ and the need to refocus on terrorism in the UK. International Affairs. 2011;87(1):143-152. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2011.00964.x
36.
Atran S. The Devoted Actor: Unconditional Commitment and Intractable Conflict across Cultures. Current Anthropology. 2016;57(S13):S192-S203. doi:10.1086/685495
37.
Borum R. Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1139&context=jss
38.
Borum R. Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140&context=jss
39.
Dugas M, Kruglanski AW. The Quest for Significance Model of Radicalization: Implications for the Management of Terrorist Detainees. Behavioral Sciences & the Law. 2014;32(3):423-439. doi:10.1002/bsl.2122
40.
GITHENS-MAZER J, LAMBERT R. Why conventional wisdom on radicalization fails: the persistence of a failed discourse. International Affairs. 2010;86(4):889-901. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00918.x
41.
Hamm MS. The Spectacular Few: Prisoner Radicalization and the Evolving Terrorist Threat. New York University Press; 2013. http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780814724071/
42.
Horgan J. From Profiles to Pathways and from Roots to Routes: Perspectives from Psychology on Radicalization into Terrorism. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2008;618(1):80-94. doi:10.1177/0002716208317539
43.
King M, Taylor DM. The Radicalization of Homegrown Jihadists: A Review of Theoretical Models and Social Psychological Evidence. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2011;23(4):602-622. doi:10.1080/09546553.2011.587064
44.
Malthaner S. Contextualizing Radicalization: The Emergence of the "Sauerland-Group” from Radical Networks and the Movement. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2014;37(8):638-653. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2014.921767
45.
McGilloway A, Ghosh P, Bhui K. A systematic review of pathways to and processes associated with radicalization and extremism amongst Muslims in Western societies. International Review of Psychiatry. 2015;27(1):39-50. doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.992008
46.
NEUMANN PR. The trouble with radicalization. International Affairs. 2013;89(4):873-893. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12049
47.
Neumann PR, Rogers B. Recruitment and Mobilisation for the Islamist Militant Movement in Europe. http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/doc_centre/terrorism/docs/ec_radicalisation_study_on_mobilisation_tactics_en.pdf
48.
Clark McCauley, Moskalenko S. Friction: How Radicalization Happens to Them and Us - Clark McCauley, Sophia Moskalenko - Google Books. Oxford University Press, 2011 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ioUUU5cyWD4C&redir_esc=y
49.
Sageman M. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2004.
50.
Taylor M, Horgan J. A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Psychological Process in the Development of the Terrorist. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2006;18(4):585-601. doi:10.1080/09546550600897413
51.
Victoroff J. The Mind of the Terrorist. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2005;49(1):3-42. doi:10.1177/0022002704272040
52.
Wiktorowicz Q. Radical Islam Rising : Muslim Extremism in the West / Quintan Wiktorowicz. - British Library. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01013279867&indx=1&recIds=BLL01013279867&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1453566696085&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Radical%20Islam%20Rising%3A%20Muslim%20Extremism%20in%20the%20West&vid=BLVU1
53.
Abrahms, Max. Are terrorists really rational? The Palestinian example. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=5&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_proquest37922631&indx=1&recIds=TN_proquest37922631&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=5&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&frbg=&srt=rank&tab=local&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&vl(freeText0)=Are%20Terrorists%20Really%20Rational%3F%20The%20Palestinian%20Example&dum=true&dstmp=1462526782189
54.
Abrahms M. The Political Effectiveness of Terrorism Revisited. Comparative Political Studies. 2012;45(3):366-393. doi:10.1177/0010414011433104
55.
Altran S. Talking to the Enemy. Faith, Brotherhood, and the (UN) Masking of Terrorists. Perspectives on Terrorism. 2010;4(5). http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/126
56.
Berrebi C. Evidence About the Link Between Education, Poverty and Terrorism Among Palestinians. 13(1). http://public-policy.huji.ac.il/.upload/segel/ClaudeBerrebi/EvidenceAbouttheLinkBetweenEducation.pdf
57.
Bloom M. Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror. Columbia University Press; 2005.
58.
Caplan B. Terrorism: The relevance of the rational choice model. Public Choice. 2006;128(1-2):91-107. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9046-8
59.
Clarke RVG, Newman GR. Outsmarting the Terrorists. Vol Global crime and justice. Praeger Security International; 2006.
60.
Crenshaw M. The Logic of Terrorism: Terrorist Behavior as a Product of Strategic Choice’. In: Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind. Woodrow Wilson Center Press; 1998:7-24.
61.
Freilich JD, Chermak SM, Gruenewald J. The future of terrorism research: a review essay. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. 2015;39(4):353-369. doi:10.1080/01924036.2014.922321
62.
Freilich JD, Adamczyk A, Chermak SM, Boyd KA, Parkin WS. Investigating the Applicability of Macro-Level Criminology Theory to Terrorism: A County-Level Analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 2015;31(3):383-411. doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9239-0
63.
Kruglanski AW, Fishman S. Psychological Factors in Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Individual, Group, and Organizational Levels of Analysis. Social Issues and Policy Review. 2009;3(1):1-44. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01009.x
64.
Neumann PR, Smith MLR. Strategic terrorism: The framework and its fallacies. Journal of Strategic Studies. 2005;28(4):571-595. doi:10.1080/01402390500300923
65.
Pape R. Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01013172527&indx=1&recIds=BLL01013172527&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454323212716&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Dying%20to%20Win%3A%20The%20Strategic%20Logic%20of%20Suicide%20Terrorism&vid=BLVU1
66.
Sageman M. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2004.
67.
Sageman M. Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2008. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg373355953&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg373355953&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Leaderless%20jihad%3A%20terror%20networks%20in%20the%20twenty-first%20century&dstmp=1462533100375
68.
Horgan J. The Search for the Terrorist Personality. In: Silke A, ed. Terrorists, Victims and Society. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2003:1-27. doi:10.1002/9780470713600.ch1
69.
Ehud Sprinzak. Rational Fanatics. Foreign Policy. 2000;(120):66-73. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149715?sid=primo&origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
70.
Victoroff J. The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2005;49(1):3-42. doi:10.1177/0022002704272040
71.
Corner E, Gill P. A false dichotomy? Mental illness and lone-actor terrorism. Law and Human Behavior. 2015;39(1):23-34. doi:10.1037/lhb0000102
72.
The Mind of the Political Terrorist. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01007111758&indx=1&recIds=BLL01007111758&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1462541253208&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=The%20Mind%20of%20the%20Political%20Terrorist&vid=BLVU1
73.
Friedland N. Becoming a Terrorist: social and individual antecedents. In: Terrorism: Roots, Impacts, Responses. Praeger; :81-93. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01008731444&indx=1&recIds=BLL01008731444&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454947940900&vl(freeText0)=Terrorism%3A%20Roots%2C%20Impacts%2C%20Responses&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic
74.
Silke A. Cheshire-cat logic: The recurring theme of terrorist abnormality in psychological research. Psychology, Crime & Law. 1998;4(1):51-69. doi:10.1080/10683169808401747
75.
Silke A. Becoming a Terrorist. In: Silke A, ed. Terrorists, Victims and Society. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2003:29-53. doi:10.1002/9780470713600.ch2
76.
Borum R. Psychology of Terrorism. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=mhlp_facpub
77.
Horgan J. The Psychology of Terrorism (Political Violence). Vol Political violence. Revised and updated second edition. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2014. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1715821
78.
McCauley C. Terrorism, research and public policy: An overview. Terrorism and Political Violence. 1991;3(1):126-144. doi:10.1080/09546559108427097
79.
Merari A. Driven to Death : Psychological and Social Aspects of Suicide Terrorism. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01015672730&indx=1&recIds=BLL01015672730&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454949028691&vl(freeText0)=Driven%20to%20death%3A%20Psychological%20and%20social%20aspects%20of%20suicide%20terrorism&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic
80.
Taylor M, Horgan J. A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Psychological Process in the Development of the Terrorist. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2006;18(4):585-601. doi:10.1080/09546550600897413
81.
Fein, R A ; Vossekuil, B. Assassination in the United States: an operational study of recent assassins, attackers, and near-lethal approachers. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=6&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_medline10097356&indx=1&recIds=TN_medline10097356&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=6&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Assassination%20in%20the%20United%20States%3A%20an%20operational%20study%20of%20recent%20assassins%2C%20attackers%2C%20and%20near-lethal%20approachers&dstmp=1462542075644
82.
James DV, Mullen PE, Meloy JR, et al. The role of mental disorder in attacks on European politicians 1990–2004. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2007;116(5):334-344. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01077.x
83.
Hewitt C. Understanding Terrorism in America : From the Klan to al Qaeda. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01012615889&indx=1&recIds=BLL01012615889&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454949621615&vl(freeText0)=Understanding%20Terrorism%20in%20America&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic
84.
Gruenewald J, Chermak S, Freilich JD. Distinguishing "Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence. Criminology & Public Policy. 2013;12(1):65-91. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12008
85.
Gill P, Horgan J, Deckert P. Bombing Alone: Tracing the Motivations and Antecedent Behaviors of Lone-Actor Terrorists,,. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2014;59(2):425-435. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12312
86.
Corner E, Gill P, Mason O. Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Published online 14 January 2016:1-9. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1120099
87.
Acosta B. Dying for survival. Journal of Peace Research. 2016;53(2):180-196. doi:10.1177/0022343315618001
88.
Robert A. Pape. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. The American Political Science Review. 2003;97(3):343-361. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3117613?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
89.
Piazza JA, Piazza S. Crime Pays: Terrorist Group Engagement in Crime and Survival. Terrorism and Political Violence. Published online 29 November 2017:1-23. doi:10.1080/09546553.2017.1397515
90.
Mia M. Bloom. Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support, Market Share, and Outbidding. Political Science Quarterly. 119(1):61-88. doi:10.2307/20202305
91.
Raphaeli N. Financing of Terrorism: Sources, Methods, and Channels. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09546550390449881
92.
Horgan J, Taylor Max. Playing the ‘green card’ - financing the provisional IRA: part 2. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2003;15(2):1-60. doi:10.1080/09546550312331293027
93.
Dolnik A, Bhattacharjee A. Hamas: Suicide Bombings, Rockets, or WMD? Terrorism and Political Violence. 2002;14(3):109-128. doi:10.1080/714005624
94.
Jackson BA, Frelinger DR. Rifling Through the Terrorists’ Arsenal: Exploring Groups’ Weapon Choices and Technology Strategies. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2008;31(7):583-604. doi:10.1080/10576100802159989
95.
Moghadam A. Suicide Terrorism, Occupation, and the Globalization of Martyrdom: A Critique of. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2006;29(8):707-729. doi:10.1080/10576100600561907
96.
Silke A. The Role of Suicide in Politics, Conflict, and Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2006;18(1):35-46. doi:10.1080/09546550500383241
97.
BUESA M, BAUMERT T. UNTANGLING ETA’S FINANCE: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE BASQUE TERRORIST’S ECONOMIC NETWORK AND THE MONEY IT HANDLES. Defence and Peace Economics. 2013;24(4):317-338. doi:10.1080/10242694.2012.710812
98.
Silke A. In defense of the realm: Financing loyalist terrorism in Northern Ireland—part one: Extortion and blackmail. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 1998;21(4):331-361. doi:10.1080/10576109808436073
99.
Hutchinson S, O’malley P. A Crime–Terror Nexus? Thinking on Some of the Links between Terrorism and Criminality. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2007;30(12):1095-1107. doi:10.1080/10576100701670870
100.
Clarke R, Lee S. The PIRA, D-Company, and the Crime-Terror Nexus. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2008;20(3):376-395. doi:10.1080/09546550802073334
101.
DISHMAN C. The Leaderless Nexus: When Crime and Terror Converge. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2005;28(3):237-252. doi:10.1080/10576100590928124
102.
Sarangi S, Alison L. Life story accounts of left wing terrorists in India. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. 2005;2(2):69-86. doi:10.1002/jip.30
103.
Ramana PV. The Maoist Movement in India. Defense & Security Analysis. 2006;22(4):435-449. doi:10.1080/14751790601104464
104.
Miklian J. The purification hunt: the Salwa Judum counterinsurgency in Chhattisgarh, India. Dialectical Anthropology. 2009;33(3-4):441-459. doi:10.1007/s10624-009-9138-1
105.
Paul C. As a Fish Swims in the Sea: Relationships Between Factors Contributing to Support for Terrorist or Insurgent Groups. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2010;33(6):488-510. doi:10.1080/10576101003752630
106.
Sedgwick M. Al-Qaeda and the Nature of Religious Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2004;16(4):795-814. doi:10.1080/09546550590906098
107.
Neumann P. The New Jihadism: A Global Snapshot. Published online 10 December 2014. http://icsr.info/2014/12/icsr-bbc-publish-global-survey-jihadist-violence/
108.
Hoffman B. Al Qaeda’s Uncertain Future. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2013;36(8):635-653. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2013.802973
109.
Maggioni M, Magri P. Twitter and Jihad. The Communication Strategy of ISIS | ISPI. http://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/twitter-and-jihad-communication-strategy-isis-13104
110.
Neumann P. ICSR Report - Victims, Perpetrators, Assets: The Narratives of Islamic State Defectors / ICSR. http://icsr.info/2015/09/icsr-report-narratives-islamic-state-defectors/
111.
Nilsson M. Foreign Fighters and the Radicalization of Local Jihad: Interview Evidence from Swedish Jihadists. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2015;38(5):343-358. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1005459
112.
Saltman EM, Smith M. ‘Till Martyrdom Do Us Part’: Gender and the ISIS Phenomenon. Published 2015. http://icsr.info/2015/06/icsr-report-till-martyrdom-us-part-gender-isis-phenomenon/
113.
Winter C. The Virtual ‘Caliphate’: Understanding Islamic State’s Propaganda Strategy. Published online 2015. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30671634.pdf
114.
Abrahms M. Al Qaeda’s Scorecard: A Progress Report on Al Qaeda’s Objectives. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2006;29(5):509-529. doi:10.1080/10576100600698527
115.
Bakker E. Jihadi terrorists in Europe, their characteristics and the circumstances in which they joined the jihad: an exploratory study. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/resrep05483
116.
Brachman JM, McCants WF. Stealing Al Qaeda’s Playbook. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2006;29(4):309-321. doi:10.1080/10576100600634605
117.
CHIPMAN DD. Osama bin Laden and Guerrilla War. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2003;26(3):163-170. doi:10.1080/10576100390211400
118.
Cook D. Understanding Jihad. Second edition. University of California Press; 2015.
119.
Devji F. Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. Vol Crises in world politics. Hurst & Company; 2005.
120.
Jean-Pierre Filiu. The Local and Global Jihad of al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghrib. Middle East Journal. 2009;63(2):213-226. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25482634?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
121.
Garnstein-Ross L, Grossman D. Homegrown Terrorists in the US and UK: An Empirical Examination of the Radicalization Process. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/content/uploads/documents/HomegrownTerrorists_USandUK.pdf
122.
HOFFMAN B. Al Qaeda, Trends in Terrorism, and Future Potentialities: An Assessment. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2003;26(6):429-442. doi:10.1080/10576100390248275
123.
The Myth of Grass-Roots Terrorism | Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2008-05-03/myth-grass-roots-terrorism
124.
Lewis B. What Went Wrong?: The Clash between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East. Weidenfeld & Nicolson; 2002.
125.
Pantucci R. The Tottenham Ayatollah and The Hook-Handed Cleric: An Examination of All Their Children. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2010;33(3):226-245. doi:10.1080/10576100903555770
126.
Precht T. Home grown terrorism and Islamist radicalisation in Europe. http://www.justitsministeriet.dk/sites/default/files/media/Arbejdsomraader/Forskning/Forskningspuljen/2011/2007/Home_grown_terrorism_and_Islamist_radicalisation_in_Europe_-_an_assessment_of_influencing_factors__2_.pdf
127.
Rabasa, Angel. Beyond al-Qaeda: The Global Jihadist Movement. Published online 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG429.html
128.
Rabasa, Angel. Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 2. Published online 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG430.html
129.
Sageman M. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2004.
130.
Sageman M. Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2008. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg373355953&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg373355953&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Leaderless%20jihad%3A%20terror%20networks%20in%20the%20twenty-first%20century&dstmp=1462533100375
131.
Clarke RVG, Newman GR. Outsmarting the Terrorists. Vol Global crime and justice. Praeger Security International; 2006.
132.
DUGAN L, LAFREE G, PIQUERO AR. TESTING A RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL OF AIRLINE HIJACKINGS*. Criminology. 2005;43(4):1031-1065. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2005.00032.x
133.
Ekblom P. Terrorism—lessons from natural and human co-evolutionary arms races. In: Evolutionary Psychology and Terrorism. http://www.tandfebooks.com/ISBN/9781315772424
134.
Freilich JD, Newman GR. Reducing Terrorism through Situational Crime Prevention. Vol Crime prevention studies. Criminal Justice Press; 2009.
135.
Ramírez Partida HR. Post-9/11 U.S. Homeland Security Policy Changes and Challenges: A Policy Impact Assessment of the Mexican Front. Norteamérica. 2014;9(1):55-78. doi:10.20999/nam.2014.a002
136.
LAFREE G, DUGAN L, KORTE R. THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COUNTERTERRORIST STRATEGIES ON POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN IRELAND: COMPARING DETERRENCE AND BACKLASH MODELS. Criminology. 2009;47(1):17-45. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00138.x
137.
Newman GR. Situational Approaches to Terrorism. In: Bruinsma G, Weisburd D, eds. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Springer New York; 2014:4853-4864. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_95
138.
Perry S, Apel R, Newman GR, Clarke RV. The Situational Prevention of Terrorism: An Evaluation of the Israeli West Bank Barrier. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Published online 20 June 2016. doi:10.1007/s10940-016-9309-6
139.
David Gold Sean S. Costigan. The Evolution of Terrorist Financing Since 9/11: How the new Generation of Jihadists Fund Themselves. In: Terrornomics. http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/book/10.4324/9781315612140
140.
Nikos Passas. Hawala and Other Informal Value Transfer Systems: How to Regulate Them? Risk Management. 2003;5(2):49-59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3867818?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
141.
Perkel, W. Money Laundering and Terrorism: Informal Value Transfer Systems. American Criminal Law Review. 2004;41(1):183-214. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/amcrimlr41&id=193
142.
Ridley, Nick. Organized Crime, Money Laundering,and Terrorism. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. 2(1):28-35. doi:10.1093/police/pan006
143.
Sproat, Peter A. Counter-terrorist finance in the UK: A quantitative and qualitative commentary based on open-source materials. Journal of Money Laundering Control. 2010;13(4):315-335. http://search.proquest.com/docview/761434686?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14511
144.
Peresin A, Cervone A. The Western Muhajirat of ISIS. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2015;38(7):495-509. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1025611
145.
Turner J. Strategic differences: Al Qaeda’s Split with the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham. Small Wars & Insurgencies. 2015;26(2):208-225. doi:10.1080/09592318.2015.1007563
146.
Gill P, Horgan J, Deckert P. Bombing Alone: Tracing the Motivations and Antecedent Behaviors of Lone-Actor Terrorists,,. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2014;59(2):425-435. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12312
147.
Gruenewald J, Chermak S, Freilich JD. Distinguishing "Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence. Criminology & Public Policy. 2013;12(1):65-91. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12008
148.
Schuurman B, Bakker E, Gill P, Bouhana N. Lone Actor Terrorist Attack Planning and Preparation: A Data-Driven Analysis,. Journal of Forensic Sciences. Published online 23 October 2017. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13676
149.
Schuurman B, Lindekilde L, Malthaner S, O’Connor F, Gill P, Bouhana N. End of the Lone Wolf: The Typology that Should Not Have Been. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Published online 20 December 2017:1-8. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2017.1419554
150.
Andre V, Harris-Hogan S. Mohamed Merah: From Petty Criminal to Neojihadist. Politics, Religion & Ideology. 2013;14(2):307-319. doi:10.1080/21567689.2013.792655
151.
Borum R. Informing Lone-Offender Investigations. Criminology & Public Policy. 2013;12(1):103-112. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12016
152.
Borum R, Fein R, Vossekuil B. A dimensional approach to analyzing lone offender terrorism. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2012;17(5):389-396. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.04.003
153.
Corner E, Gill P. A false dichotomy? Mental illness and lone-actor terrorism. Law and Human Behavior. 2015;39(1):23-34. doi:10.1037/lhb0000102
154.
Fein RA, Vossekuil B. Assassination in the United States: an operational study of recent assassins, attackers, and near-lethal approachers. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=6&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_medline10097356&indx=1&recIds=TN_medline10097356&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=6&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Assassination%20in%20the%20United%20States%3A%20an%20operational%20study%20of%20recent%20assassins%2C%20attackers%2C%20and%20near-lethal%20approachers&dstmp=1462542075644
155.
Gartenstein-Ross D. Lone Wolf Islamic Terrorism: Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad (Carlos Bledsoe) Case Study. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2014;26(1):110-128. doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.849921
156.
Kaplan J. ‘Leaderless resistance’. Terrorism and Political Violence. 1997;9(3):80-95. doi:10.1080/09546559708427417
157.
Meloy JR, O’Toole ME. The Concept of Leakage in Threat Assessment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law. 2011;29(4):513-527. doi:10.1002/bsl.986
158.
Gill P. Lone-Actor Terrorists: A Behavioural Analysis. Vol Political violence. Routledge; 2015.
159.
Corner E, Gill P, Mason O. Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Published online 14 January 2016:1-9. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1120099
160.
Horgan J. Deradicalization or Disengagement? Perspectives on Terrorism. 2008;2(4). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26298340
161.
Cronin AK. How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. Princeton University Press; 2009.
162.
Altier MB, Thoroughgood CN, Horgan JG. Turning away from terrorism: Lessons from psychology, sociology, and criminology. Journal of Peace Research. 2014;51(5):647-661. doi:10.1177/0022343314535946
163.
Gaibulloev K, Sandler T. An empirical analysis of alternative ways that terrorist groups end. Public Choice. 2014;160(1-2):25-44. doi:10.1007/s11127-013-0136-0
164.
Bjorgo T, Horgan J. Leaving Terrorism Behind : Individual and Collective Disengagement. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01014708003&indx=2&recIds=BLL01014708003&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&fctN=facet_frbrgroupid&frbrVersion=2&fctV=412693770&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1462547739303&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Leaving%20terrorism%20behind%3A%20Individual%20and%20collective%20disengagement&vid=BLVU1&frbg=412693770&dum=true
165.
Cronin A. How Al-Qaida Ends: The Decline and Demise of Terrorist Groups. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4137538?sid=primo
166.
Reinares F. Exit From Terrorism: A Qualitative Empirical Study on Disengagement and Deradicalization Among Members of ETA. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2011;23(5):780-803. doi:10.1080/09546553.2011.613307
167.
Alonso R. Why Do Terrorists Stop? Analyzing Why ETA Members Abandon or Continue with Terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2011;34(9):696-716. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2011.594944
168.
Horgan J, Braddock K. Rehabilitating the Terrorists?: Challenges in Assessing the Effectiveness of De-radicalization Programs. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2010;22(2):267-291. doi:10.1080/09546551003594748
169.
Donatella Della Porta. Guest Editorial: Processes of Radicalization and De-Radicalization. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV). 2012;6(1):4-10. http://ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/view/266
170.
Clubb G. The Role of Former Combatants in Preventing Youth Involvement in Terrorism in Northern Ireland: A Framework for Assessing Former Islamic State Combatants. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Published online 19 February 2016:1-20. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2016.1144917
171.
Dalgaard-Nielsen A. Promoting Exit from Violent Extremism: Themes and Approaches. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2013;36(2):99-115. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2013.747073
172.
Marret JL. Prison De-radicalisation and disengagement: The French case. https://www.frstrategie.org/publications/dossiers/2011/aqmi/doc/fjd.pdf
173.
Bjørgo T. Dreams and disillusionment: Engagement in and disengagement from militant extremist groups. Crime, Law and Social Change. 2011;55(4):277-285. doi:10.1007/s10611-011-9282-9
174.
BUSHWAY SD, PIQUERO AR, BROIDY LM, CAUFFMAN E, MAZEROLLE P. AN EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING DESISTANCE AS A PROCESS*. Criminology. 2001;39(2):491-516. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00931.x
175.
Demant F, GRAAF BD. How to Counter Radical Narratives: Dutch Deradicalization Policy in the Case of Moluccan and Islamic Radicals. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2010;33(5):408-428. doi:10.1080/10576101003691549
176.
Gill P, Corner E, Conway M, Thornton A, Bloom M, Horgan J. Terrorist Use of the Internet by the Numbers. Criminology & Public Policy. 2017;16(1):99-117. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12249
177.
Szmania S, Fincher P. Countering Violent Extremism Online and Offline. Criminology & Public Policy. 2017;16(1):119-125. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12267
178.
Taylor PJ, Holbrook D, Joinson A. Same Kind of Different: Affordances, Terrorism and the Internet. Criminology & Public Policy. 2017;16(1):127-133. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12285
179.
Klausen J. Tweeting the Jihad: Social Media Networks of Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1057610X.2014.974948
180.
Parker D, Pearce JM, Lindekilde L, Rogers MB. Challenges for Effective Counterterrorism Communication: Practitioner Insights and Policy Implications for Preventing Radicalization, Disrupting Attack Planning, and Mitigating Terrorist Attacks. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Published online 30 August 2017:1-28. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2017.1373427
181.
Holbrook D. What Types of Media do Terrorists Collect? An Analysis of Religious, Political, and Ideological Publications Found in Terrorism Investigations in the UK. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies. Published online 2017. doi:10.19165/2017.1.011
182.
Meleagrou-Hitchens MH, Kaderbhai N. Research Perspectives on Online Radicalisation: A Literature Review 2006-2016. https://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ICSR-Paper_Research-Perspectives-on-Online-Radicalisation-A-Literature-Review-2006-2016.pdf
183.
Surette R, Hansen K, Noble G. Measuring media oriented terrorism. Journal of Criminal Justice. 2009;37(4):360-370. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.06.011
184.
Melagrou-Hitchens A, Hughes S. The Threat to the United States from the Islamic State’s Virtual Entrepreneurs. https://ctc.usma.edu/the-threat-to-the-united-states-from-the-islamic-states-virtual-entrepreneurs/
185.
Wilkinson P. The media and terrorism: A reassessment. Terrorism and Political Violence. 1997;9(2):51-64. doi:10.1080/09546559708427402
186.
Spencer A. Terrorism and the Media: Lessons Learned. http://www.ahrc.ac.uk/documents/project-reports-and-reviews/ahrc-public-policy-series/terrorism-and-the-media/