1
LaFree G, Freilich J. The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/book/10.1002/9781118923986
2
Horgan J. The Psychology of Terrorism. Revised and updated second edition. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1715821
3
Kennedy-Pipe C, Clubb G, Mabon S, editors. Terrorism and political violence. Los Angeles: : SAGE 2015.
4
Martin G. Understanding terrorism: challenges, perspectives, and issues. 5th edition. Los Angeles: : SAGE 2016.
5
Alex P. Schmid. The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research.
6
Clarke RVG, Newman GR. Outsmarting the terrorists. Westport, Conn: : Praeger Security International 2006. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=226401&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451
7
Horgan J. Terrorism studies: a reader. London: : Routledge 2008.
8
Dedeoglu B. Bermuda triangle: comparing official definitions of terrorist activity. Terrorism and Political Violence 2003;15:81–110. doi:10.1080/09546550312331293147
9
Ganor B. Defining Terrorism: Is One Man’s Terrorist another Man’s Freedom Fighter? Police Practice and Research 2002;3:287–304. doi:10.1080/1561426022000032060
10
Silke A. The Devil You Know: Continuing Problems with Research on Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence 2001;13:1–14. doi:10.1080/09546550109609697
11
Weinberg L, Pedahzur A, Hirsch-Hoefler S. The Challenges of Conceptualizing Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence 2004;16:777–94. doi:10.1080/095465590899768
12
Alex Peter Schmid. Political terrorism. New Brunswick, N.J: : Transaction Publishers 2005.
13
LaFree G, Dugan L. Introducing the Global Terrorism Database. Terrorism and Political Violence 2007;19:181–204. doi:10.1080/09546550701246817
14
Reid EF, Chen H. Mapping the contemporary terrorism research domain. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 2007;65:42–56. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.08.006
15
Sandler T, Enders W. Applying Analytical Methods to Study Terrorism. International Studies Perspectives 2007;8:287–302. doi:10.1111/j.1528-3585.2007.00290.x
16
Silke A. Research on terrorism: trends, achievements & failures. London: : Frank Cass 2004.
17
Schmid AP. Terrorism - The Definitional Problem. http://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol36/iss2/8
18
Schmid AP. The Revised Academic Consensus Definition of Terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism 2012;6.https://ucl-new-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_6e357034c31240458de9cc0c96f1d99c&context=PC&vid=UCL_VU2&lang=en_US&search_scope=CSCOP_UCL&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=local&query=any,contains,Revised%20Academic%20Consensus%20Definition%20of%20Terrorism&offset=0
19
Young JK, Findley MG. Promise and Pitfalls of Terrorism Research. International Studies Review 2011;13:411–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01015.x
20
Crenshaw M. The Debate over "New” vs. "Old” Terrorism. In: Karawan IA, McCormack W, Reynolds SE, eds. Values and Violence. Dordrecht: : Springer Netherlands 2009. 117–36. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8660-1_8
21
Kurtulus EN. The "New Terrorism” and its Critics. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2011;34:476–500. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2011.571194
22
Chaliand G, Blin A, Schneider E, et al., editors. The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. University of California Press https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/177/177597_History%20of%20Ter.pdf
23
Crenshaw M. Terrorism in context. University Park, Pa: : Pennsylvania State University Press 1995.
24
Flemming PA, Stohl M, Schmid AP. The Theoretical Utility of Typologies of Terrorism: Lessons and Opportunities. In: The Politics of terrorism. New York: : M. Dekker 1988. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=R60c_2nCcnYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA153&dq=The+Theoretical+Utility+of+Typologies+of+Terrorism:+Lessons+and+Opportunities&ots=FCsSE4i0PX&sig=LpJgeIqmjf-ewXY4aYaxX-0PRBE#v=onepage&q=The%20Theoretical%20Utility%20of%20Typologies%20of%20Terrorism%3A%20Lessons%20and%20Opportunities&f=false
25
Garrison A. Terrorism: The nature of its history. Criminal Justice Studies 2003;16:39–52. doi:10.1080/08884310309608
26
Gurr TR. Terrorism in democracies: its social and political bases. In: Origins of terrorism: psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Washington, D.C.: : Woodrow Wilson Center Press 1998. 86–102.
27
Hoffman B. Inside terrorism. London: : Victor Gollancz 1998.
28
Kellen K. Ideology and rebellion: Terrorism in West Germany. In: Origins of terrorism: psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Washington, D.C.: : Woodrow Wilson Center Press 1998. 43–58.
29
Laqueur W. The new terrorism: fanaticism and the arms of mass destruction. New York: : Oxford University Press 1999.
30
Rapoport DC. The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism. In: Attacking terrorism: elements of a grand strategy. Washington, D.C.: : Georgetown University Press 2004. 46–73.https://international.ucla.edu/media/files/Rapoport-Four-Waves-of-Modern-Terrorism.pdf
31
William F. Shughart II. An Analytical History of Terrorism, 1945-2000. Public Choice 2005;128:7–39.https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/30026632?sid=primo
32
Wilkinson P. Terrorism and the liberal state. 2nd ed. rev., extended and updated. Basingstoke: : Macmillan 1986.
33
Dalgaard-Nielsen A. Violent Radicalization in Europe: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2010;33:797–814. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2010.501423
34
Jones CR. Are prisons really schools for terrorism? Challenging the rhetoric on prison radicalization. Punishment & Society 2014;16:74–103. doi:10.1177/1462474513506482
35
RICHARDS A. The problem with ‘radicalization’: the remit of ‘Prevent’ and the need to refocus on terrorism in the UK. International Affairs 2011;87:143–52. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2011.00964.x
36
Atran S. The Devoted Actor: Unconditional Commitment and Intractable Conflict across Cultures. Current Anthropology 2016;57:S192–203. doi:10.1086/685495
37
Borum R. Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1139&context=jss
38
Borum R. Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140&context=jss
39
Dugas M, Kruglanski AW. The Quest for Significance Model of Radicalization: Implications for the Management of Terrorist Detainees. Behavioral Sciences & the Law 2014;32:423–39. doi:10.1002/bsl.2122
40
GITHENS-MAZER J, LAMBERT R. Why conventional wisdom on radicalization fails: the persistence of a failed discourse. International Affairs 2010;86:889–901. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00918.x
41
Hamm MS. The spectacular few: prisoner radicalization and the evolving terrorist threat. New York: : New York University Press 2013. http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780814724071/
42
Horgan J. From Profiles to Pathways and from Roots to Routes: Perspectives from Psychology on Radicalization into Terrorism. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2008;618:80–94. doi:10.1177/0002716208317539
43
King M, Taylor DM. The Radicalization of Homegrown Jihadists: A Review of Theoretical Models and Social Psychological Evidence. Terrorism and Political Violence 2011;23:602–22. doi:10.1080/09546553.2011.587064
44
Malthaner S. Contextualizing Radicalization: The Emergence of the "Sauerland-Group” from Radical Networks and the                              Movement. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2014;37:638–53. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2014.921767
45
McGilloway A, Ghosh P, Bhui K. A systematic review of pathways to and processes associated with radicalization and extremism amongst Muslims in Western societies. International Review of Psychiatry 2015;27:39–50. doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.992008
46
NEUMANN PR. The trouble with radicalization. International Affairs 2013;89:873–93. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12049
47
Neumann PR, Rogers B. Recruitment and Mobilisation for the Islamist Militant Movement in Europe. http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/doc_centre/terrorism/docs/ec_radicalisation_study_on_mobilisation_tactics_en.pdf
48
Clark McCauley, Moskalenko S. Friction: How Radicalization Happens to Them and Us - Clark McCauley, Sophia Moskalenko - Google Books. Oxford University Press, 2011 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ioUUU5cyWD4C&redir_esc=y
49
Sageman M. Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia: : University of Pennsylvania Press 2004.
50
Taylor M, Horgan J. A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Psychological Process in the Development of the Terrorist. Terrorism and Political Violence 2006;18:585–601. doi:10.1080/09546550600897413
51
Victoroff J. The Mind of the Terrorist. Journal of Conflict Resolution 2005;49:3–42. doi:10.1177/0022002704272040
52
Wiktorowicz Q. Radical Islam rising : Muslim extremism in the West / Quintan Wiktorowicz. - British Library. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01013279867&indx=1&recIds=BLL01013279867&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1453566696085&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Radical%20Islam%20Rising%3A%20Muslim%20Extremism%20in%20the%20West&vid=BLVU1
53
Abrahms, Max. Are terrorists really rational? The Palestinian example. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=5&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_proquest37922631&indx=1&recIds=TN_proquest37922631&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=5&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&frbg=&srt=rank&tab=local&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&vl(freeText0)=Are%20Terrorists%20Really%20Rational%3F%20The%20Palestinian%20Example&dum=true&dstmp=1462526782189
54
Abrahms M. The Political Effectiveness of Terrorism Revisited. Comparative Political Studies 2012;45:366–93. doi:10.1177/0010414011433104
55
Altran S. Talking to the Enemy. Faith, Brotherhood, and the (UN) Masking of Terrorists. Perspectives on Terrorism 2010;4.http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/126
56
Berrebi C. Evidence About the Link Between Education, Poverty and Terrorism Among Palestinians. ;13.http://public-policy.huji.ac.il/.upload/segel/ClaudeBerrebi/EvidenceAbouttheLinkBetweenEducation.pdf
57
Bloom M. Dying to kill: the allure of suicide terror. New York: : Columbia University Press 2005.
58
Caplan B. Terrorism: The relevance of the rational choice model. Public Choice 2006;128:91–107. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9046-8
59
Clarke RVG, Newman GR. Outsmarting the terrorists. Westport, Conn: : Praeger Security International 2006.
60
Crenshaw M. The Logic of Terrorism: Terrorist Behavior as a Product of Strategic Choice’. In: Origins of terrorism: psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Washington, D.C.: : Woodrow Wilson Center Press 1998. 7–24.
61
Freilich JD, Chermak SM, Gruenewald J. The future of terrorism research: a review essay. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 2015;39:353–69. doi:10.1080/01924036.2014.922321
62
Freilich JD, Adamczyk A, Chermak SM, et al. Investigating the Applicability of Macro-Level Criminology Theory to Terrorism: A County-Level Analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 2015;31:383–411. doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9239-0
63
Kruglanski AW, Fishman S. Psychological Factors in Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Individual, Group, and Organizational Levels of Analysis. Social Issues and Policy Review 2009;3:1–44. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01009.x
64
Neumann PR, Smith MLR. Strategic terrorism: The framework and its fallacies. Journal of Strategic Studies 2005;28:571–95. doi:10.1080/01402390500300923
65
Pape R. Dying to win: the strategic logic of suicide terrorism. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01013172527&indx=1&recIds=BLL01013172527&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454323212716&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Dying%20to%20Win%3A%20The%20Strategic%20Logic%20of%20Suicide%20Terrorism&vid=BLVU1
66
Sageman M. Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia: : University of Pennsylvania Press 2004.
67
Sageman M. Leaderless jihad: terror networks in the twenty-first century. Philadelphia: : University of Pennsylvania Press 2008. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg373355953&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg373355953&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Leaderless%20jihad%3A%20terror%20networks%20in%20the%20twenty-first%20century&dstmp=1462533100375
68
Horgan J. The Search for the Terrorist Personality. In: Silke A, ed. Terrorists, Victims and Society. Chichester, UK: : John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2003. 1–27. doi:10.1002/9780470713600.ch1
69
Ehud Sprinzak. Rational Fanatics. Foreign Policy 2000;:66–73.http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149715?sid=primo&origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
70
Victoroff J. The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches. Journal of Conflict Resolution 2005;49:3–42. doi:10.1177/0022002704272040
71
Corner E, Gill P. A false dichotomy? Mental illness and lone-actor terrorism. Law and Human Behavior 2015;39:23–34. doi:10.1037/lhb0000102
72
The mind of the political terrorist. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01007111758&indx=1&recIds=BLL01007111758&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1462541253208&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=The%20Mind%20of%20the%20Political%20Terrorist&vid=BLVU1
73
Friedland N. Becoming a Terrorist: social and individual antecedents. In: Terrorism: Roots, Impacts, Responses. New York: : Praeger 81–93.http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01008731444&indx=1&recIds=BLL01008731444&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454947940900&vl(freeText0)=Terrorism%3A%20Roots%2C%20Impacts%2C%20Responses&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic
74
Silke A. Cheshire-cat logic: The recurring theme of terrorist abnormality in psychological research. Psychology, Crime & Law 1998;4:51–69. doi:10.1080/10683169808401747
75
Silke A. Becoming a Terrorist. In: Silke A, ed. Terrorists, Victims and Society. Chichester, UK: : John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2003. 29–53. doi:10.1002/9780470713600.ch2
76
Borum R. Psychology of Terrorism. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=mhlp_facpub
77
Horgan J. The psychology of terrorism (Political Violence). Revised and updated second edition. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1715821
78
McCauley C. Terrorism, research and public policy: An overview. Terrorism and Political Violence 1991;3:126–44. doi:10.1080/09546559108427097
79
Merari A. Driven to death : psychological and social aspects of suicide terrorism. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01015672730&indx=1&recIds=BLL01015672730&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454949028691&vl(freeText0)=Driven%20to%20death%3A%20Psychological%20and%20social%20aspects%20of%20suicide%20terrorism&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic
80
Taylor M, Horgan J. A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Psychological Process in the Development of the Terrorist. Terrorism and Political Violence 2006;18:585–601. doi:10.1080/09546550600897413
81
Fein, R A ; Vossekuil, B. Assassination in the United States: an operational study of recent assassins, attackers, and near-lethal approachers. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=6&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_medline10097356&indx=1&recIds=TN_medline10097356&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=6&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Assassination%20in%20the%20United%20States%3A%20an%20operational%20study%20of%20recent%20assassins%2C%20attackers%2C%20and%20near-lethal%20approachers&dstmp=1462542075644
82
James DV, Mullen PE, Meloy JR, et al. The role of mental disorder in attacks on European politicians 1990–2004. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2007;116:334–44. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01077.x
83
Hewitt C. Understanding terrorism in America : from the Klan to al Qaeda. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01012615889&indx=1&recIds=BLL01012615889&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454949621615&vl(freeText0)=Understanding%20Terrorism%20in%20America&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic
84
Gruenewald J, Chermak S, Freilich JD. Distinguishing "Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence. Criminology & Public Policy 2013;12:65–91. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12008
85
Gill P, Horgan J, Deckert P. Bombing Alone: Tracing the Motivations and Antecedent Behaviors of Lone-Actor Terrorists,,. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2014;59:425–35. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12312
86
Corner E, Gill P, Mason O. Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2016;:1–9. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1120099
87
Acosta B. Dying for survival. Journal of Peace Research 2016;53:180–96. doi:10.1177/0022343315618001
88
Robert A. Pape. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. The American Political Science Review 2003;97:343–61.http://www.jstor.org/stable/3117613?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
89
Piazza JA, Piazza S. Crime Pays: Terrorist Group Engagement in Crime and Survival. Terrorism and Political Violence 2017;:1–23. doi:10.1080/09546553.2017.1397515
90
Mia M. Bloom. Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support, Market Share, and Outbidding. Political Science Quarterly;119:61–88. doi:10.2307/20202305
91
Raphaeli N. Financing of Terrorism: Sources, Methods, and Channels. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09546550390449881
92
Horgan J, Taylor Max. Playing the ‘green card’ - financing the provisional IRA: part 2. Terrorism and Political Violence 2003;15:1–60. doi:10.1080/09546550312331293027
93
Dolnik A, Bhattacharjee A. Hamas: Suicide Bombings, Rockets, or WMD? Terrorism and Political Violence 2002;14:109–28. doi:10.1080/714005624
94
Jackson BA, Frelinger DR. Rifling Through the Terrorists’ Arsenal: Exploring Groups’ Weapon Choices and Technology Strategies. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2008;31:583–604. doi:10.1080/10576100802159989
95
Moghadam A. Suicide Terrorism, Occupation, and the Globalization of Martyrdom: A Critique of. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2006;29:707–29. doi:10.1080/10576100600561907
96
Silke A. The Role of Suicide in Politics, Conflict, and Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence 2006;18:35–46. doi:10.1080/09546550500383241
97
BUESA M, BAUMERT T. UNTANGLING ETA’S FINANCE: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE BASQUE TERRORIST’S ECONOMIC NETWORK AND THE MONEY IT HANDLES. Defence and Peace Economics 2013;24:317–38. doi:10.1080/10242694.2012.710812
98
Silke A. In defense of the realm: Financing loyalist terrorism in Northern Ireland—part one: Extortion and blackmail. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 1998;21:331–61. doi:10.1080/10576109808436073
99
Hutchinson S, O’malley P. A Crime–Terror Nexus? Thinking on Some of the Links between Terrorism and Criminality. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2007;30:1095–107. doi:10.1080/10576100701670870
100
Clarke R, Lee S. The PIRA, D-Company, and the Crime-Terror Nexus. Terrorism and Political Violence 2008;20:376–95. doi:10.1080/09546550802073334
101
DISHMAN C. The Leaderless Nexus: When Crime and Terror Converge. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2005;28:237–52. doi:10.1080/10576100590928124
102
Sarangi S, Alison L. Life story accounts of left wing terrorists in India. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 2005;2:69–86. doi:10.1002/jip.30
103
Ramana PV. The Maoist Movement in India. Defense & Security Analysis 2006;22:435–49. doi:10.1080/14751790601104464
104
Miklian J. The purification hunt: the Salwa Judum counterinsurgency in Chhattisgarh, India. Dialectical Anthropology 2009;33:441–59. doi:10.1007/s10624-009-9138-1
105
Paul C. As a Fish Swims in the Sea: Relationships Between Factors Contributing to Support for Terrorist or Insurgent Groups. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2010;33:488–510. doi:10.1080/10576101003752630
106
Sedgwick M. Al-Qaeda and the Nature of Religious Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence 2004;16:795–814. doi:10.1080/09546550590906098
107
Neumann P. The New Jihadism: A Global Snapshot. 2014.http://icsr.info/2014/12/icsr-bbc-publish-global-survey-jihadist-violence/
108
Hoffman B. Al Qaeda’s Uncertain Future. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2013;36:635–53. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2013.802973
109
Maggioni M, Magri P. Twitter and Jihad. The Communication Strategy of ISIS | ISPI. http://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/twitter-and-jihad-communication-strategy-isis-13104
110
Neumann P. ICSR Report - Victims, Perpetrators, Assets: The Narratives of Islamic State Defectors / ICSR. http://icsr.info/2015/09/icsr-report-narratives-islamic-state-defectors/
111
Nilsson M. Foreign Fighters and the Radicalization of Local Jihad: Interview Evidence from Swedish Jihadists. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2015;38:343–58. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1005459
112
Saltman EM, Smith M. ‘Till Martyrdom Do Us Part’: Gender and the ISIS Phenomenon. 2015.http://icsr.info/2015/06/icsr-report-till-martyrdom-us-part-gender-isis-phenomenon/
113
Winter C. The Virtual ‘Caliphate’: Understanding Islamic State’s Propaganda Strategy. 2015.https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30671634.pdf
114
Abrahms M. Al Qaeda’s Scorecard: A Progress Report on Al Qaeda’s Objectives. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2006;29:509–29. doi:10.1080/10576100600698527
115
Bakker E. Jihadi terrorists in Europe, their characteristics and the circumstances in which they joined the jihad: an exploratory study. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/resrep05483
116
Brachman JM, McCants WF. Stealing Al Qaeda’s Playbook. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2006;29:309–21. doi:10.1080/10576100600634605
117
CHIPMAN DD. Osama bin Laden and Guerrilla War. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2003;26:163–70. doi:10.1080/10576100390211400
118
Cook D. Understanding jihad. Second edition. Oakland, California: : University of California Press 2015.
119
Devji F. Landscapes of the Jihad: militancy, morality, modernity. London: : Hurst & Company 2005.
120
Jean-Pierre Filiu. The Local and Global Jihad of al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghrib. Middle East Journal 2009;63:213–26.http://www.jstor.org/stable/25482634?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
121
Garnstein-Ross L, Grossman D. Homegrown Terrorists in the US and UK: An Empirical Examination of the Radicalization Process. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/content/uploads/documents/HomegrownTerrorists_USandUK.pdf
122
HOFFMAN B. Al Qaeda, Trends in Terrorism, and Future Potentialities: An Assessment. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2003;26:429–42. doi:10.1080/10576100390248275
123
The Myth of Grass-Roots Terrorism | Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2008-05-03/myth-grass-roots-terrorism
124
Lewis B. What went wrong?: the clash between Islam and modernity in the Middle East. London: : Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2002.
125
Pantucci R. The Tottenham Ayatollah and The Hook-Handed Cleric: An Examination of All Their                              Children. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2010;33:226–45. doi:10.1080/10576100903555770
126
Precht T. Home grown terrorism and Islamist radicalisation in Europe. http://www.justitsministeriet.dk/sites/default/files/media/Arbejdsomraader/Forskning/Forskningspuljen/2011/2007/Home_grown_terrorism_and_Islamist_radicalisation_in_Europe_-_an_assessment_of_influencing_factors__2_.pdf
127
Rabasa, Angel. Beyond al-Qaeda: The Global Jihadist Movement. 2006.http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG429.html
128
Rabasa, Angel. Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 2. Published Online First: 2006.http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG430.html
129
Sageman M. Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia: : University of Pennsylvania Press 2004.
130
Sageman M. Leaderless jihad: terror networks in the twenty-first century. Philadelphia: : University of Pennsylvania Press 2008. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg373355953&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg373355953&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Leaderless%20jihad%3A%20terror%20networks%20in%20the%20twenty-first%20century&dstmp=1462533100375
131
Clarke RVG, Newman GR. Outsmarting the terrorists. Westport, Conn: : Praeger Security International 2006.
132
DUGAN L, LAFREE G, PIQUERO AR. TESTING A RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL OF AIRLINE HIJACKINGS*. Criminology 2005;43:1031–65. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2005.00032.x
133
Ekblom P. Terrorism—lessons from natural and human co-evolutionary arms races. In: Evolutionary Psychology and Terrorism.http://www.tandfebooks.com/ISBN/9781315772424
134
Freilich JD, Newman GR. Reducing terrorism through situational crime prevention. Monsey, NY: : Criminal Justice Press 2009.
135
Ramírez Partida HR. Post-9/11 U.S. Homeland Security Policy Changes and Challenges: A Policy Impact Assessment of the Mexican Front. Norteamérica 2014;9:55–78. doi:10.20999/nam.2014.a002
136
LAFREE G, DUGAN L, KORTE R. THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COUNTERTERRORIST STRATEGIES ON POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN IRELAND: COMPARING DETERRENCE AND BACKLASH MODELS. Criminology 2009;47:17–45. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00138.x
137
Newman GR. Situational Approaches to Terrorism. In: Bruinsma G, Weisburd D, eds. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York, NY: : Springer New York 2014. 4853–64. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_95
138
Perry S, Apel R, Newman GR, et al. The Situational Prevention of Terrorism: An Evaluation of the Israeli West Bank Barrier. Journal of Quantitative Criminology Published Online First: 20 June 2016. doi:10.1007/s10940-016-9309-6
139
David  Gold  Sean S.  Costigan. The Evolution of Terrorist Financing Since 9/11: How the new Generation of Jihadists Fund Themselves. In: Terrornomics.http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/book/10.4324/9781315612140
140
Nikos Passas. Hawala and Other Informal Value Transfer Systems: How to Regulate Them? Risk Management 2003;5:49–59.http://www.jstor.org/stable/3867818?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
141
Perkel, W. Money Laundering and Terrorism: Informal Value Transfer Systems. American Criminal Law Review 2004;41:183–214.http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/amcrimlr41&id=193
142
Ridley, Nick. Organized Crime, Money Laundering,and Terrorism. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice;2:28–35. doi:10.1093/police/pan006
143
Sproat, Peter A. Counter-terrorist finance in the UK: A quantitative and qualitative commentary based on open-source materials. Journal of Money Laundering Control 2010;13:315–35.http://search.proquest.com/docview/761434686?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14511
144
Peresin A, Cervone A. The Western Muhajirat of ISIS. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2015;38:495–509. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1025611
145
Turner J. Strategic differences: Al Qaeda’s Split with the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham. Small Wars & Insurgencies 2015;26:208–25. doi:10.1080/09592318.2015.1007563
146
Gill P, Horgan J, Deckert P. Bombing Alone: Tracing the Motivations and Antecedent Behaviors of Lone-Actor Terrorists,,. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2014;59:425–35. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12312
147
Gruenewald J, Chermak S, Freilich JD. Distinguishing "Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence. Criminology & Public Policy 2013;12:65–91. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12008
148
Schuurman B, Bakker E, Gill P, et al. Lone Actor Terrorist Attack Planning and Preparation: A Data-Driven Analysis,. Journal of Forensic Sciences Published Online First: 23 October 2017. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13676
149
Schuurman B, Lindekilde L, Malthaner S, et al. End of the Lone Wolf: The Typology that Should Not Have Been. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2017;:1–8. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2017.1419554
150
Andre V, Harris-Hogan S. Mohamed Merah: From Petty Criminal to Neojihadist. Politics, Religion & Ideology 2013;14:307–19. doi:10.1080/21567689.2013.792655
151
Borum R. Informing Lone-Offender Investigations. Criminology & Public Policy 2013;12:103–12. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12016
152
Borum R, Fein R, Vossekuil B. A dimensional approach to analyzing lone offender terrorism. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2012;17:389–96. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.04.003
153
Corner E, Gill P. A false dichotomy? Mental illness and lone-actor terrorism. Law and Human Behavior 2015;39:23–34. doi:10.1037/lhb0000102
154
Fein RA, Vossekuil B. Assassination in the United States: an operational study of recent assassins, attackers, and near-lethal approachers. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=6&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_medline10097356&indx=1&recIds=TN_medline10097356&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=6&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Assassination%20in%20the%20United%20States%3A%20an%20operational%20study%20of%20recent%20assassins%2C%20attackers%2C%20and%20near-lethal%20approachers&dstmp=1462542075644
155
Gartenstein-Ross D. Lone Wolf Islamic Terrorism: Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad (Carlos Bledsoe) Case Study. Terrorism and Political Violence 2014;26:110–28. doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.849921
156
Kaplan J. ‘Leaderless resistance’. Terrorism and Political Violence 1997;9:80–95. doi:10.1080/09546559708427417
157
Meloy JR, O’Toole ME. The Concept of Leakage in Threat Assessment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law 2011;29:513–27. doi:10.1002/bsl.986
158
Gill P. Lone-actor terrorists: a behavioural analysis. London: : Routledge 2015.
159
Corner E, Gill P, Mason O. Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2016;:1–9. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1120099
160
Horgan J. Deradicalization or Disengagement? Perspectives on Terrorism 2008;2.https://www.jstor.org/stable/26298340
161
Cronin AK. How terrorism ends: Understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns. Princeton, N.J.: : Princeton University Press 2009.
162
Altier MB, Thoroughgood CN, Horgan JG. Turning away from terrorism: Lessons from psychology, sociology, and criminology. Journal of Peace Research 2014;51:647–61. doi:10.1177/0022343314535946
163
Gaibulloev K, Sandler T. An empirical analysis of alternative ways that terrorist groups end. Public Choice 2014;160:25–44. doi:10.1007/s11127-013-0136-0
164
Bjorgo T, Horgan J. Leaving Terrorism Behind : Individual and Collective Disengagement. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01014708003&indx=2&recIds=BLL01014708003&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&fctN=facet_frbrgroupid&frbrVersion=2&fctV=412693770&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1462547739303&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Leaving%20terrorism%20behind%3A%20Individual%20and%20collective%20disengagement&vid=BLVU1&frbg=412693770&dum=true
165
Cronin A. How Al-Qaida Ends: The Decline and Demise of Terrorist Groups. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4137538?sid=primo
166
Reinares F. Exit From Terrorism: A Qualitative Empirical Study on Disengagement and Deradicalization Among Members of ETA. Terrorism and Political Violence 2011;23:780–803. doi:10.1080/09546553.2011.613307
167
Alonso R. Why Do Terrorists Stop? Analyzing Why ETA Members Abandon or Continue with Terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2011;34:696–716. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2011.594944
168
Horgan J, Braddock K. Rehabilitating the Terrorists?: Challenges in Assessing the Effectiveness of De-radicalization Programs. Terrorism and Political Violence 2010;22:267–91. doi:10.1080/09546551003594748
169
Donatella Della Porta. Guest Editorial: Processes of Radicalization and De-Radicalization. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV) 2012;6:4–10.http://ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/view/266
170
Clubb G. The Role of Former Combatants in Preventing Youth Involvement in Terrorism in Northern Ireland: A Framework for Assessing Former Islamic State Combatants. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2016;:1–20. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2016.1144917
171
Dalgaard-Nielsen A. Promoting Exit from Violent Extremism: Themes and Approaches. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2013;36:99–115. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2013.747073
172
Marret JL. Prison De-radicalisation and disengagement: The French case. https://www.frstrategie.org/publications/dossiers/2011/aqmi/doc/fjd.pdf
173
Bjørgo T. Dreams and disillusionment: Engagement in and disengagement from militant extremist groups. Crime, Law and Social Change 2011;55:277–85. doi:10.1007/s10611-011-9282-9
174
BUSHWAY SD, PIQUERO AR, BROIDY LM, et al. AN EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING DESISTANCE AS A PROCESS*. Criminology 2001;39:491–516. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00931.x
175
Demant F, GRAAF BD. How to Counter Radical Narratives: Dutch Deradicalization Policy in the Case of Moluccan and Islamic Radicals. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2010;33:408–28. doi:10.1080/10576101003691549
176
Gill P, Corner E, Conway M, et al. Terrorist Use of the Internet by the Numbers. Criminology & Public Policy 2017;16:99–117. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12249
177
Szmania S, Fincher P. Countering Violent Extremism Online and Offline. Criminology & Public Policy 2017;16:119–25. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12267
178
Taylor PJ, Holbrook D, Joinson A. Same Kind of Different: Affordances, Terrorism and the Internet. Criminology & Public Policy 2017;16:127–33. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12285
179
Klausen J. Tweeting the Jihad: Social Media Networks of Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1057610X.2014.974948
180
Parker D, Pearce JM, Lindekilde L, et al. Challenges for Effective Counterterrorism Communication: Practitioner Insights and Policy Implications for Preventing Radicalization, Disrupting Attack Planning, and Mitigating Terrorist Attacks. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2017;:1–28. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2017.1373427
181
Holbrook D. What Types of Media do Terrorists Collect? An Analysis of Religious, Political, and Ideological Publications Found in Terrorism Investigations in the UK. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies Published Online First: 2017. doi:10.19165/2017.1.011
182
Meleagrou-Hitchens M-H, Kaderbhai N. Research Perspectives on Online Radicalisation: A Literature Review 2006-2016. https://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ICSR-Paper_Research-Perspectives-on-Online-Radicalisation-A-Literature-Review-2006-2016.pdf
183
Surette R, Hansen K, Noble G. Measuring media oriented terrorism. Journal of Criminal Justice 2009;37:360–70. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.06.011
184
Melagrou-Hitchens A, Hughes S. The Threat to the United States from the Islamic State’s Virtual Entrepreneurs. https://ctc.usma.edu/the-threat-to-the-united-states-from-the-islamic-states-virtual-entrepreneurs/
185
Wilkinson P. The media and terrorism: A reassessment. Terrorism and Political Violence 1997;9:51–64. doi:10.1080/09546559708427402
186
Spencer A. Terrorism and the Media: Lessons Learned. http://www.ahrc.ac.uk/documents/project-reports-and-reviews/ahrc-public-policy-series/terrorism-and-the-media/