Bibliography for SECUGC47 / SECU1006: Perspectives on Terrorism BETA

Abrahms, M. 2012. ‘The Political Effectiveness of Terrorism Revisited’. Comparative Political Studies 45 (3): 366–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011433104.

Abrahms, Max. 2006. ‘Al Qaeda’s Scorecard: A Progress Report on Al Qaeda’s Objectives’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 29 (5): 509–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600698527.

Abrahms, Max. n.d. ‘Are Terrorists Really Rational? The Palestinian Example’. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=5&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_proquest37922631&indx=1&recIds=TN_proquest37922631&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=5&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&frbg=&srt=rank&tab=local&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&vl(freeText0)=Are%20Terrorists%20Really%20Rational%3F%20The%20Palestinian%20Example&dum=true&dstmp=1462526782189.

Acosta, Benjamin. 2016. ‘Dying for Survival’. Journal of Peace Research 53 (2): 180–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343315618001.

Alex P. Schmid. n.d. The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research.

Alex Peter Schmid. 2005. Political Terrorism. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers.

Alonso, Rogelio. 2011. ‘Why Do Terrorists Stop? Analyzing Why ETA Members Abandon or Continue with Terrorism’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 34 (9): 696–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2011.594944.

Altier, M. B., C. N. Thoroughgood, and J. G. Horgan. 2014. ‘Turning Away from Terrorism: Lessons from Psychology, Sociology, and Criminology’. Journal of Peace Research 51 (5): 647–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343314535946.

Altran, Scott. 2010. ‘Talking to the Enemy. Faith, Brotherhood, and the (UN) Masking of Terrorists.’ Perspectives on Terrorism 4 (5). http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/126.

Andre, Virginie, and Shandon Harris-Hogan. 2013. ‘Mohamed Merah: From Petty Criminal to Neojihadist’. Politics, Religion & Ideology 14 (2): 307–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2013.792655.

Atran, Scott. 2016. ‘The Devoted Actor: Unconditional Commitment and Intractable Conflict across Cultures’. Current Anthropology 57 (S13): S192–203. https://doi.org/10.1086/685495.

Bakker, E. n.d. ‘Jihadi Terrorists in Europe, Their Characteristics and the Circumstances in Which They Joined the Jihad: An Exploratory Study’. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/resrep05483.

Berrebi, C. n.d. ‘Evidence About the Link Between Education, Poverty and Terrorism Among Palestinians’ 13 (1). http://public-policy.huji.ac.il/.upload/segel/ClaudeBerrebi/EvidenceAbouttheLinkBetweenEducation.pdf.

Bjorgo, T, and J Horgan. n.d. Leaving Terrorism Behind : Individual and Collective Disengagement. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01014708003&indx=2&recIds=BLL01014708003&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&fctN=facet_frbrgroupid&frbrVersion=2&fctV=412693770&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1462547739303&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Leaving%20terrorism%20behind%3A%20Individual%20and%20collective%20disengagement&vid=BLVU1&frbg=412693770&dum=true.

Bjørgo, Tore. 2011. ‘Dreams and Disillusionment: Engagement in and Disengagement from Militant Extremist Groups’. Crime, Law and Social Change 55 (4): 277–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-011-9282-9.

Bloom, Mia. 2005. Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror. New York: Columbia University Press.

Borum, R. n.d. ‘Psychology of Terrorism’. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=mhlp_facpub.

Borum, R. n.d. ‘Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories’. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1139&context=jss.

———. n.d. ‘Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research’. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140&context=jss.

Borum, Randy. 2013. ‘Informing Lone-Offender Investigations’. Criminology & Public Policy 12 (1): 103–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12016.

Borum, Randy, Robert Fein, and Bryan Vossekuil. 2012. ‘A Dimensional Approach to Analyzing Lone Offender Terrorism’. Aggression and Violent Behavior 17 (5): 389–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.04.003.

Brachman, Jarret M., and William F. McCants. 2006. ‘Stealing Al Qaeda’s Playbook’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 29 (4): 309–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600634605.

BUESA, MIKEL, and THOMAS BAUMERT. 2013. ‘UNTANGLING ETA’S FINANCE: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE BASQUE TERRORIST’S ECONOMIC NETWORK AND THE MONEY IT HANDLES’. Defence and Peace Economics 24 (4): 317–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.710812.

BUSHWAY, SHAWN D., ALEX R. PIQUERO, LISA M. BROIDY, ELIZABETH CAUFFMAN, and PAUL MAZEROLLE. 2001. ‘AN EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING DESISTANCE AS A PROCESS*’. Criminology 39 (2): 491–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00931.x.

Caplan, Bryan. 2006. ‘Terrorism: The Relevance of the Rational Choice Model’. Public Choice 128 (1–2): 91–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9046-8.

Chaliand, Gérard, Arnaud Blin, Edward Schneider, Kathryn Pulver, and Jesse Browner, eds. n.d. The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. University of California Press. https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/177/177597_History%20of%20Ter.pdf.

CHIPMAN, DON D. 2003. ‘Osama Bin Laden and Guerrilla War’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 26 (3): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100390211400.

Clark McCauley, and S Moskalenko. n.d. Friction: How Radicalization Happens to Them and Us - Clark McCauley, Sophia Moskalenko - Google Books. Oxford University Press, 2011. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ioUUU5cyWD4C&redir_esc=y.

Clarke, R. V. G., and Graeme R. Newman. 2006a. Outsmarting the Terrorists. Vol. Global crime and justice. Westport, Conn: Praeger Security International. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=226401&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451.

———. 2006b. Outsmarting the Terrorists. Vol. Global crime and justice. Westport, Conn: Praeger Security International.

———. 2006c. Outsmarting the Terrorists. Vol. Global crime and justice. Westport, Conn: Praeger Security International.

Clarke, Ryan, and Stuart Lee. 2008. ‘The PIRA, D-Company, and the Crime-Terror Nexus’. Terrorism and Political Violence 20 (3): 376–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550802073334.

Clubb, Gordon. 2016. ‘The Role of Former Combatants in Preventing Youth Involvement in Terrorism in Northern Ireland: A Framework for Assessing Former Islamic State Combatants’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, February, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1144917.

Cook, David. 2015. Understanding Jihad. Second edition. Oakland, California: University of California Press.

Corner, Emily, and Paul Gill. 2015a. ‘A False Dichotomy? Mental Illness and Lone-Actor Terrorism.’ Law and Human Behavior 39 (1): 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000102.

———. 2015b. ‘A False Dichotomy? Mental Illness and Lone-Actor Terrorism.’ Law and Human Behavior 39 (1): 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000102.

Corner, Emily, Paul Gill, and Oliver Mason. 2016a. ‘Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, January, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2015.1120099.

———. 2016b. ‘Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, January, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2015.1120099.

Crenshaw, Martha. 1995. Terrorism in Context. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.

———. 2009. ‘The Debate over "New” vs. "Old” Terrorism’. In Values and Violence, edited by Ibrahim A. Karawan, Wayne McCormack, and Stephen E. Reynolds, 4:117–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8660-1_8.

Crenshaw, Martha . 1998. ‘The Logic of Terrorism: Terrorist Behavior as a Product of Strategic Choice’’. In Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, 7–24. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Cronin, A. n.d. ‘How Al-Qaida Ends: The Decline and Demise of Terrorist Groups’. https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/stable/4137538?sid=primo.

Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2009. How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Dalgaard-Nielsen, Anja. 2010. ‘Violent Radicalization in Europe: What We Know and What We Do Not Know’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 33 (9): 797–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2010.501423.

———. 2013. ‘Promoting Exit from Violent Extremism: Themes and Approaches’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 36 (2): 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2013.747073.

David  Gold  Sean S.  Costigan. n.d. ‘The Evolution of Terrorist Financing Since 9/11: How the New Generation of Jihadists Fund Themselves’. In Terrornomics. http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/book/10.4324/9781315612140.

Dedeoglu, Beril. 2003. ‘Bermuda Triangle: Comparing Official Definitions of Terrorist Activity’. Terrorism and Political Violence 15 (3): 81–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550312331293147.

Demant, Froukje, and BEATRICE DE GRAAF. 2010. ‘How to Counter Radical Narratives: Dutch Deradicalization Policy in the Case of Moluccan and Islamic Radicals’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 33 (5): 408–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576101003691549.

Devji, Faisal. 2005. Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. Vol. Crises in world politics. London: Hurst & Company.

DISHMAN, CHRIS. 2005. ‘The Leaderless Nexus: When Crime and Terror Converge’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 28 (3): 237–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100590928124.

Dolnik, A., and A. Bhattacharjee. 2002. ‘Hamas: Suicide Bombings, Rockets, or WMD?’ Terrorism and Political Violence 14 (3): 109–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/714005624.

Donatella Della Porta. 2012. ‘Guest Editorial: Processes of Radicalization and De-Radicalization’. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV) 6 (1): 4–10. http://ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/view/266.

DUGAN, LAURA, GARY LAFREE, and ALEX R. PIQUERO. 2005. ‘TESTING A RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL OF AIRLINE HIJACKINGS*’. Criminology 43 (4): 1031–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2005.00032.x.

Dugas, Michelle, and Arie W. Kruglanski. 2014. ‘The Quest for Significance Model of Radicalization: Implications for the Management of Terrorist Detainees’. Behavioral Sciences & the Law 32 (3): 423–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2122.

Ehud Sprinzak. 2000. ‘Rational Fanatics’. Foreign Policy, no. 120: 66–73. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149715?sid=primo&origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Ekblom, Paul. n.d. ‘Terrorism—Lessons from Natural and Human Co-Evolutionary Arms Races’. In Evolutionary Psychology and Terrorism. http://www.tandfebooks.com/ISBN/9781315772424.

Fein, R A ; Vossekuil, B. n.d. ‘Assassination in the United States: An Operational Study of Recent Assassins, Attackers, and near-Lethal Approachers’. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=6&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_medline10097356&indx=1&recIds=TN_medline10097356&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=6&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Assassination%20in%20the%20United%20States%3A%20an%20operational%20study%20of%20recent%20assassins%2C%20attackers%2C%20and%20near-lethal%20approachers&dstmp=1462542075644.

Fein, R A, and B Vossekuil. n.d. ‘Assassination in the United States: An Operational Study of Recent Assassins, Attackers, and near-Lethal Approachers’. http://ucl-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=6&tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_medline10097356&indx=1&recIds=TN_medline10097356&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=6&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UCL%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=UCL_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Assassination%20in%20the%20United%20States%3A%20an%20operational%20study%20of%20recent%20assassins%2C%20attackers%2C%20and%20near-lethal%20approachers&dstmp=1462542075644.

Flemming, P. A., M. Stohl, and A. P. Schmid. 1988. ‘The Theoretical Utility of Typologies of Terrorism: Lessons and Opportunities’. In The Politics of Terrorism. New York: M. Dekker. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=R60c_2nCcnYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA153&dq=The+Theoretical+Utility+of+Typologies+of+Terrorism:+Lessons+and+Opportunities&ots=FCsSE4i0PX&sig=LpJgeIqmjf-ewXY4aYaxX-0PRBE#v=onepage&q=The%20Theoretical%20Utility%20of%20Typologies%20of%20Terrorism%3A%20Lessons%20and%20Opportunities&f=false.

Freilich, Joshua D., Amy Adamczyk, Steven M. Chermak, Katharine A. Boyd, and William S. Parkin. 2015. ‘Investigating the Applicability of Macro-Level Criminology Theory to Terrorism: A County-Level Analysis’. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 31 (3): 383–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-014-9239-0.

Freilich, Joshua D., Steven M. Chermak, and Jeff Gruenewald. 2015. ‘The Future of Terrorism Research: A Review Essay’. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 39 (4): 353–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2014.922321.

Freilich, Joshua D., and Graeme R. Newman. 2009. Reducing Terrorism through Situational Crime Prevention. Vol. Crime prevention studies. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.

Friedland, N. n.d. ‘Becoming a Terrorist: Social and Individual Antecedents’. In Terrorism: Roots, Impacts, Responses, 81–93. New York: Praeger. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01008731444&indx=1&recIds=BLL01008731444&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454947940900&vl(freeText0)=Terrorism%3A%20Roots%2C%20Impacts%2C%20Responses&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic.

Gaibulloev, Khusrav, and Todd Sandler. 2014. ‘An Empirical Analysis of Alternative Ways That Terrorist Groups End’. Public Choice 160 (1–2): 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-013-0136-0.

Ganor, Boaz. 2002. ‘Defining Terrorism: Is One Man’s Terrorist Another Man’s Freedom Fighter?’ Police Practice and Research 3 (4): 287–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/1561426022000032060.

Garnstein-Ross, L, and D Grossman. n.d. ‘Homegrown Terrorists in the US and UK: An Empirical Examination of the Radicalization Process’. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/content/uploads/documents/HomegrownTerrorists_USandUK.pdf.

Garrison, Arthur. 2003. ‘Terrorism: The Nature of Its History’. Criminal Justice Studies 16 (1): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310309608.

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed. 2014. ‘Lone Wolf Islamic Terrorism: Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad (Carlos Bledsoe) Case Study’. Terrorism and Political Violence 26 (1): 110–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.849921.

Gill, Paul. 2015. Lone-Actor Terrorists: A Behavioural Analysis. Vol. Political violence. London: Routledge.

Gill, Paul, Emily Corner, Maura Conway, Amy Thornton, Mia Bloom, and John Horgan. 2017. ‘Terrorist Use of the Internet by the Numbers’. Criminology & Public Policy 16 (1): 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12249.

Gill, Paul, John Horgan, and Paige Deckert. 2014a. ‘Bombing Alone: Tracing the Motivations and Antecedent Behaviors of Lone-Actor Terrorists’,. Journal of Forensic Sciences 59 (2): 425–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12312.

———. 2014b. ‘Bombing Alone: Tracing the Motivations and Antecedent Behaviors of Lone-Actor Terrorists’,. Journal of Forensic Sciences 59 (2): 425–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12312.

GITHENS-MAZER, JONATHAN, and ROBERT LAMBERT. 2010. ‘Why Conventional Wisdom on Radicalization Fails: The Persistence of a Failed Discourse’. International Affairs 86 (4): 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00918.x.

Gruenewald, Jeff, Steven Chermak, and Joshua D. Freilich. 2013a. ‘Distinguishing "Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence’. Criminology & Public Policy 12 (1): 65–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12008.

———. 2013b. ‘Distinguishing "Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence’. Criminology & Public Policy 12 (1): 65–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12008.

Gurr, T. R. 1998. ‘Terrorism in Democracies: Its Social and Political Bases’. In Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, 86–102. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Hamm, Mark S. 2013. The Spectacular Few: Prisoner Radicalization and the Evolving Terrorist Threat. New York: New York University Press. http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780814724071/.

Hewitt, Christopher. n.d. Understanding Terrorism in America : From the Klan to al Qaeda. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01012615889&indx=1&recIds=BLL01012615889&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1454949621615&vl(freeText0)=Understanding%20Terrorism%20in%20America&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic.

Hoffman, Bruce. 1998. Inside Terrorism. London: Victor Gollancz.

HOFFMAN, BRUCE. 2003. ‘Al Qaeda, Trends in Terrorism, and Future Potentialities: An Assessment’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 26 (6): 429–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100390248275.

Hoffman, Bruce. 2013. ‘Al Qaeda’s Uncertain Future’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 36 (8): 635–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2013.802973.

Holbrook, Donald. 2017. ‘What Types of Media Do Terrorists Collect? An Analysis of Religious, Political, and Ideological Publications Found in Terrorism Investigations in the UK’. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies. https://doi.org/10.19165/2017.1.011.

Horgan, John. 2003. ‘The Search for the Terrorist Personality’. In Terrorists, Victims and Society, edited by Andrew Silke, 1–27. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713600.ch1.

———. 2008a. ‘Deradicalization or Disengagement?’ Perspectives on Terrorism 2 (4). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26298340.

———. 2008b. Terrorism Studies: A Reader. London: Routledge.

———. 2008c. ‘From Profiles to Pathways and from Roots to Routes: Perspectives from Psychology on Radicalization into Terrorism’. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 618 (1): 80–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716208317539.

———. 2014a. The Psychology of Terrorism. Revised and Updated second edition. Vol. Political violence. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1715821.

———. 2014b. The Psychology of Terrorism (Political Violence). Revised and Updated second edition. Vol. Political violence. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. http://UCL.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1715821.

Horgan, John, and Kurt Braddock. 2010. ‘Rehabilitating the Terrorists?: Challenges in Assessing the Effectiveness of De-Radicalization Programs’. Terrorism and Political Violence 22 (2): 267–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546551003594748.

Horgan, John, and Max. Taylor. 2003. ‘Playing the “green Card” - Financing the Provisional IRA: Part 2’. Terrorism and Political Violence 15 (2): 1–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550312331293027.

Hutchinson, Steven, and Pat O’malley. 2007. ‘A Crime–Terror Nexus? Thinking on Some of the Links between Terrorism and Criminality’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 30 (12): 1095–1107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100701670870.

Jackson, Brian A., and David R. Frelinger. 2008. ‘Rifling Through the Terrorists’ Arsenal: Exploring Groups’ Weapon Choices and Technology Strategies’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 31 (7): 583–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100802159989.

James, D. V., P. E. Mullen, J. R. Meloy, M. T. Pathé, F. R. Farnham, L. Preston, and B. Darnley. 2007. ‘The Role of Mental Disorder in Attacks on European Politicians 1990–2004’. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 116 (5): 334–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01077.x.

Jean-Pierre Filiu. 2009. ‘The Local and Global Jihad of Al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghrib’. Middle East Journal 63 (2): 213–26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25482634?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Jones, C. R. 2014. ‘Are Prisons Really Schools for Terrorism? Challenging the Rhetoric on Prison Radicalization’. Punishment & Society 16 (1): 74–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474513506482.

Kaplan, Jeffrey. 1997. ‘“Leaderless Resistance”’. Terrorism and Political Violence 9 (3): 80–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559708427417.

Kellen, K. 1998. ‘Ideology and Rebellion: Terrorism in West Germany’. In Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, 43–58. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline, Gordon Clubb, and Simon Mabon, eds. 2015. Terrorism and Political Violence. Los Angeles: SAGE.

King, Michael, and Donald M. Taylor. 2011. ‘The Radicalization of Homegrown Jihadists: A Review of Theoretical Models and Social Psychological Evidence’. Terrorism and Political Violence 23 (4): 602–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.587064.

Klausen, J. n.d. ‘Tweeting the Jihad: Social Media Networks of Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq’. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1057610X.2014.974948.

Kruglanski, Arie W., and Shira Fishman. 2009. ‘Psychological Factors in Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Individual, Group, and Organizational Levels of Analysis’. Social Issues and Policy Review 3 (1): 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01009.x.

Kurtulus, Ersun N. 2011. ‘The "New Terrorism” and Its Critics’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 34 (6): 476–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2011.571194.

LaFree, Gary, and Laura Dugan. 2007. ‘Introducing the Global Terrorism Database’. Terrorism and Political Violence 19 (2): 181–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550701246817.

LAFREE, GARY, LAURA DUGAN, and RAVEN KORTE. 2009. ‘THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COUNTERTERRORIST STRATEGIES ON POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN IRELAND: COMPARING DETERRENCE AND BACKLASH MODELS’. Criminology 47 (1): 17–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00138.x.

LaFree, Gary, and Joshua Freilich. n.d. The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/book/10.1002/9781118923986.

Laqueur, Walter. 1999. The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lewis, Bernard. 2002. What Went Wrong?: The Clash between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Maggioni, M, and P Magri. n.d. ‘Twitter and Jihad. The Communication Strategy of ISIS | ISPI’. http://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/twitter-and-jihad-communication-strategy-isis-13104.

Malthaner, Stefan. 2014. ‘Contextualizing Radicalization: The Emergence of the "Sauerland-Group” from Radical Networks and the                              Movement’. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 37 (8): 638–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2014.921767.

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