[1]
Anderson, D.A. 2002. Freedom of the Press. Texas Law Review. 80, 3 (2002), 429–530.
[2]
Andrew Scott ‘A Monstrous and Unjustifiable Infringement’?: Political Expression and the Broadcasting Ban on Advocacy Advertising. The Modern Law Review. 66, 2, 224–244.
[3]
Animal Defenders International v UK, European Court decision of 22 April 2013: 22 AD. http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/fra/pages/search.aspx?i=001-119244.
[4]
Arnott, C. Media Mergers and the Meaning of Sufficient Plurality: A Tale of Two Acts. Journal of Media Law. 2, 2, 245–275. https://doi.org/10.5235/175776310794389373.
[5]
Authority for Television on Demand (ATVOD) Rules: http://www.atvod.co.uk/rules-and-guidance.
[6]
Barendt, E. 2013. Statutory Underpinning: A Threat to Press Freedom Media Law after Leveson. Journal of Media Law. 5, 2 (2013).
[7]
Barendt, E.M. 2007. Freedom of speech. Oxford University Press.
[8]
Barendt, E.M. 2007. Freedom of speech. Oxford University Press.
[9]
Barendt, E.M. 2007. Freedom of speech. Oxford University Press.
[10]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[11]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[12]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[13]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[14]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[15]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[16]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[17]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[18]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[19]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[20]
Barendt, E.M. and et al 2014. Media law: text, cases and materials. Pearson.
[21]
BBC Annual Report 2012/13 - Overview: 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/news/press_releases/2013/annual_report.html.
[22]
BBC Trust 2007. From Seesaw to Wagon Wheel: safeguarding impartiality in the 21st century.
[23]
BCAP Television Advertising Code: http://www.cap.org.uk/Advertising-Codes/Broadcast.aspx.
[24]
Birnhack, M.D. and Rowbottom, J.H. 2004. Shielding Children: The European Way Symposium: Do Children Have the Same First Amendment Rights as Adults. Chicago-Kent Law Review. 79, 1 (2004), 175–227.
[25]
Born, G. and Prosser, T. Culture and Consumerism: Citizenship, Public Service Broadcasting and the BBC’s Fair Trading Obligations. The Modern Law Review. 64, 5, 657–687.
[26]
British Board of Film Classification BBFC policy statement, sexual and sadistic violence.
[27]
British Board of Film Classification Report on effects of sexual and sadistic violence in films.
[28]
British Board of Film Classification guidelines: http://www.bbfc.co.uk/.
[29]
Broadcasting Act 1990: 1990. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/42/contents.
[30]
Chancery Division 1989. DGFT v Tobyward, 2 All ER 266 - [1989] 1 W.L.R. 517.
[31]
Code on the Scheduling of Television Advertising: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/broadcast-codes/advert-code/.
[32]
Colin R. Munro Self-regulation in the media. Public Law. 1, 6–17.
[33]
Communications Act 2003: 2003. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/contents.
[34]
Communications Act 2003: 2003. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/contents.
[35]
Communications Act 2003: 2003. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/contents.
[36]
Communications Act 2003: 2003. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/contents.
[37]
Court of Appeal (Civil Division) 2010. BSkyB v Competition Commission, EWCA Civ 2.
[38]
Court of Appeal (Civil Division) 2011. Gaunt v OFCOM, EWCA Civ 692, 1 WLR 2355.
[39]
Court of Appeal (Civil Division) 2013. Tamiz v Google Inc, EWCA Civ 308, EMLR 14.
[40]
Craufurd Smith, R. Reviewing Media Ownership Rules in the UK and Europe: Competing or Complementary Investigations? Journal of Media Law. 5, 2, 332–344. https://doi.org/10.5235/17577632.5.2.332.
[41]
Culture, Media & Sport Committee 2011. BBC Licence Fee Settlement and Annual Report - Fourth Report.
[42]
Defamation Act 2013: 2013. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/26/contents/enacted.
[43]
Dept for Culture, Media and Sport 2006. Broadcasting: an agreement between Her Majesty’s Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and the BBC. TSO.
[44]
Dept of National Heritage and British Broadcasting Corporation 1996. Broadcasting: copy of Royal Charter for the continuance of the British Broadcasting Corporation. HMSO.
[45]
Details of Culture, Media and Sport select committee inquiry - The Future of the BBC: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/culture-media-and-sport-committee/news/131022-future-of-the-bbc-tor/.
[46]
Divisional Court 2000. Atkins, Goodland v DPP, 2 All ER 425.
[47]
Divisional Court 2012. Chambers v DPP, EWHC 2157 (QB).
[48]
Edwards, L. and Waelde, C. 2009. Law and the Internet. Hart.
[49]
European Court of Human Rights 1994. Otto-Preminger Institute v Austria (A/295-A), 19 EHRR 34.
[50]
European Court of Human Rights 2009. TV Vest and Pensioners Party v Norway, 48 EHRR 51.
[51]
European Court of Human Rights 1997. Wingrove v UK (17419/90), 24 EHRR 1.
[52]
Fielden, L. 2011. Regulating for trust in journalism: standards regulation in the age of blended media. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
[53]
Google and Microsoft agree steps to block abuse images: 18 AD. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24980765.
[54]
Hare, I. Insulting Politicians on the Radio? Journal of Media Law. 4, 1, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.5235/175776312802483899.
[55]
High Court of Australia 2002. Dow Jones & Co Inc v Gutnick 1 LRC 368.
[56]
High Court of Australia 2002. Dow Jones & Co Inc v Gutnick 1 LRC 368.
[57]
Hitchens, L. 2006. Broadcasting pluralism and diversity: a comparative study of policy and regulation. Hart Publishing.
[58]
Hitchens, L. 2006. Broadcasting pluralism and diversity: a comparative study of policy and regulation. Hart Publishing.
[59]
Hitchens, L. 2006. Broadcasting pluralism and diversity: a comparative study of policy and regulation. Hart Publishing.
[60]
Hitchens, L. 2006. Broadcasting pluralism and diversity: a comparative study of policy and regulation. Hart Publishing.
[61]
Hitchens, L. 2006. Broadcasting pluralism and diversity: a comparative study of policy and regulation. Hart Publishing.
[62]
House of Lords 2004. R (On the Application of Pro-Life Alliance) v BBC, 1 AC 185 (Hoffmann, Scott).
[63]
House of Lords Communications Committee 2008. The Ownership of the News - First Report of 2007-8, HL 122.
[64]
Internet Watch Foundation: http://www.iwf.org.uk/services/blocking.
[65]
IPSO Editors’ Code of Practice: https://www.ipso.co.uk/IPSO/cop.html.
[66]
Jack L. Goldsmith Against Cyberanarchy. The University of Chicago Law Review. 65, 4, 1199–1250.
[67]
Jacob Rowbottom Media Freedom and Political Debate in the Digital Era. The Modern Law Review. 69, 4, 489–513.
[68]
Jacob Rowbottom Media Freedom and Political Debate in the Digital Era. The Modern Law Review. 69, 4, 489–513.
[69]
Lee C. Bollinger, Jr. Freedom of the Press and Public Access: Toward a Theory of Partial Regulation of the Mass Media. Michigan Law Review. 75, 1, 1–42.
[70]
Leveson, L.J. 2012. The Leveson Report. National Archives.
[71]
Leveson, L.J. 2012. The Leveson Report. National Archives.
[72]
Leveson, L.J. 2012. The Leveson Report, Executive Summary. National Archives.
[73]
Leveson, L.J. 2012. The Leveson Report, Executive Summary HC 779. National Archives.
[74]
Leveson Report: Cross Party Royal Charter: 2013. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/leveson-report-cross-party-royal-charter.
[75]
Leveson Report: Cross Party Royal Charter: 2013. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/leveson-report-cross-party-royal-charter.
[76]
Lichtenberg, J. 1990. Democracy and the mass media: a collection of essays. Cambridge University Press.
[77]
McGregor, O.R. and Great Britain 1977. Royal Commission on the Press - Final Report. H.M.S.O.
[78]
Media Convergence - Second Report: 2013. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201213/ldselect/ldcomuni/154/15402.htm.
[79]
Media Convergence - Second Report: 2013. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201213/ldselect/ldcomuni/154/15402.htm.
[80]
Media ownership and plurality: 2013. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/media-ownership-and-plurality.
[81]
Media Plurality: 2014. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201314/ldselect/ldcomm/120/12002.htm.
[82]
Muir Watt, H. Yahoo Cyber-Collision of Cultures: Who Regulates (Special Feature - Cyberage Conflicts Law). Michigan Journal Of International Law. 24, 3, 673–696.
[83]
Murray, A. 2010. Information technology law: the law and society. Oxford University Press.
[84]
OFCOM Broadcasting Code: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code/.
[85]
OFCOM Broadcasting Code: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code/.
[86]
OFCOM dismissal of complaints against Jerry Springer - the Opera: 9 AD. http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/pcb61/.
[87]
OFCOM Report and other documents on News Corporation acquisition of BSkyB: 2011. http://www.culture.gov.uk/publications/7737.aspx.
[88]
Press Complaints Commission Editors’ Code of Practice: http://www.pcc.org.uk/cop/practice.html.
[89]
Price, M.E. The Newness of New Technology. Cardozo Law Review. 22, 5–6, 1885–1913.
[90]
Queen’s Bench Division 2006. Bunt v Tilley, 3 All ER 336.
[91]
Queen’s Bench Division 2009. Metropolitan International Schools v Designtechnica EWHC 1765 (QB), EMLR 27.
[92]
Queen’s Bench Division 2000. R v ASA, ex parte Charles Robertson, EMLR 463.
[93]
Queen’s Bench Division 1997. R v BBC, ex parte Referendum Party, EMLR 605.
[94]
Queen’s Bench Division (Administrative Court) 2002. R on the application of Anna Ford v PCC EMLR 95 [2002] EMLR 5.
[95]
Queen’s Bench Division (Administrative Court) 2001. R v ASA, ex parte Matthias Rath, EMLR 581.
[96]
Robertson, G. and Nicol, A.G.L. 2008. Media law. Penguin.
[97]
Robertson, G. and Nicol, A.G.L. 2008. Media law. Penguin.
[98]
Robertson, G. and Nicol, A.G.L. 2008. Media law. Penguin.
[99]
Robertson, G. and Nicol, A.G.L. 2008. Media law. Penguin.
[100]
Rowbottom, J. Animal Defenders International: Speech, Spending, and a Change of Direction in Strasbourg. Journal of Media Law. 5, 1, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5235/17577632.5.1.1.
[101]
Rowbottom, J. 2010. Democracy distorted: wealth, influence and democratic politics. Cambridge University Press.
[102]
Smith, R.C. and Tambini, D. Measuring Media Plurality in the United Kingdom: Policy Choices and Regulatory Challenges. Journal of Media Law. 4, 1, 35–63. https://doi.org/10.5235/175776312802483862.
[103]
Stewart, P. Or of the press. Hastings Law Journal. 26, 3, 631–637.
[104]
The Independent Press Standards Organization (IPSO): https://www.ipso.co.uk/IPSO/whoweare.html.
[105]
The Ownership of News: 2008. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/12202.htm.
[106]
The Review of the BBC’s Royal Charter (2005, HL Paper 50-1): 2005. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldbbc/50/5002.htm.
[107]
Thomas Gibbons 1992. Freedom of the press: ownership and editorial values. Public Law. (1992), 279–299.
[108]
UK Code of Non-Broadcasting Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing: http://www.cap.org.uk/Advertising-Codes/Non-Broadcast.aspx.
[109]
US Supreme Court 1997. Reno v ACLU (1997) 521 US 844.
[110]
US Supreme Court 1997. Reno v ACLU (1997) 521 US 844.
[111]
Vick, D.W. Regulatory convergence? Legal Studies. 26, 1, 26–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121X.2006.00005.x.
[112]
Video Recordings Act 1984: 1984. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/39/contents.
[113]
Williams, B. 1979. Report of the Committee on obscenity and film censorship. H.M.S.O.
[114]
2006. A public service for all: the BBC in the digital age (Cm 6763, 2006). UK Government.
[115]
2002. Association Ekin v France (Application No 39288/98) 35 EHRR 1207.
[116]
1950. European Convention on Human Rights & fundamental freedoms. European Court of Human Rights.
[117]
2001. Godfrey v Demon Internet Ltd, QB 201.
[118]
1991. Observer and Guardian v United Kingdom (Application 13585/88) 14 EHRR 153. Court: European Court of Human Rights.
[119]
2008. R (On the Application of ADI) v Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, 1 AC 1312.
[120]
2000. R v Bowden, 2 All ER 418.
[121]
2002. R v Perrin, EWCA Crim 747, All ER (D) 359 (Mar).
[122]
2006. R v Porter, EWCA Crim 560, 2 All ER 625.
[123]
2000. R v Video Appeals Committee of the BBFC, ex parte the BBFC, EMLR 850.
[124]
2002. VGT Verein gegen Tierfabriken v Switzerland, 34 EHRR 4.