Bibliography for PUBLG057: Parliaments, Political Parties and Policy Making BETA

@misc{2008a, address={London}, title={Strengthening Parliaments in Africa: Improving Support}, publisher={Africa All Party Parliamentary Group}, author={Africa All Party Parliamentary Group}, year={2008} }

@article{Akirav_2010, title={Candidate Selection and a Crowded Parliament: The Israeli Knesset, 1988–2006}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/13572330903542142}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Akirav, Osnat}, year={2010}, pages={96–120} }

@article{Allern_Pedersen_2007, title={The impact of party organisational changes on democracy}, volume={30}, DOI={10.1080/01402380601019688}, number={1}, journal={West European Politics}, author={Allern, Elin H. and Pedersen, Karina}, year={2007}, pages={68–92} }

@article{Alvarez_Sinclair_2012, title={Electoral Institutions and Legislative Behavior: The Effects of Primary Processes}, volume={65}, DOI={10.1177/1065912911411098}, number={3}, journal={Political Research Quarterly}, author={Alvarez, R. M. and Sinclair, B.}, year={2012}, pages={544–557} }

@inbook{Andeweg_2014, title={Roles in Legislatures}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-025}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0025}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Andeweg, Rudy B.}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@article{Andre_Depauw_Martin_2015, title={Electoral Systems and Legislators’ Constituency Effort: The Mediating Effect of Electoral Vulnerability}, volume={48}, DOI={10.1177/0010414014545512}, number={4}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Andre, A. and Depauw, S. and Martin, S.}, year={2015}, pages={464–496} }

@inbook{Andrews_2014, title={Legislatures in Central and Eastern Europe}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-018}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0018}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Andrews, Josephine T.}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@article{Ansolabehere_Jones_2010, title={Constituents’ Responses to Congressional Roll-Call Voting}, volume={54}, DOI={10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00448.x}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Ansolabehere, Stephen and Jones, Philip Edward}, year={2010}, pages={583–597} }

@article{Arter_2008, title={From ‘Parliamentary Control’ to ‘Accountable Government’? The Role of Public Committee Hearings in the Swedish Riksdag}, volume={61}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsm058}, number={1}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Arter, D.}, year={2008}, pages={122–143} }

@book{Arter, David_1984, address={London}, title={The Nordic parliaments: a comparative analysis}, publisher={Hurst}, author={Arter, David}, year={1984} }

@article{Arter_2003, title={Committee cohesion and the ‘corporate dimension’ of parliamentary committees: A comparative analysis}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1080/1357233042000306263}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Arter, David}, year={2003}, pages={73–87} }

@article{Azevedo-Harman_2011, title={Parliaments in Africa: Representative Institutions in the Land of the ‘Big Man’}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1080/13572334.2011.545180}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Azevedo-Harman, Elisabete}, year={2011}, pages={65–85} }

@book{B. L. Shankar_Valerian Rodrigues_2011, title={The Indian Parliament : a democracy at work}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198067726.001.0001}, author={B. L. Shankar and Valerian Rodrigues}, year={2011} }

@inbook{Bacchi_2006, title={Arguing for and against quotas: theoretical issues}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=3b18dcc9-5436-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Women, quotas and politics}, author={Bacchi, C.}, editor={Dahlerup, Drude}, year={2006}, pages={32–51} }

@book{Bach_2003, title={Platypus and Parliament: The Australian Senate in Theory and Practice}, url={https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/platparl}, journal={Parliament of Australia}, publisher={Department of the Senate, Canberra}, author={Bach, Stanley}, year={2003} }

@article{Barkan_2008, title={Legislatures on the Rise?}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1353/jod.2008.0020}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, author={Barkan, Joel D.}, year={2008}, pages={124–137} }

@book{Barkan, Joel D._2009, address={Boulder}, title={Legislative power in emerging African democracies}, publisher={Lynne Rienner}, author={Barkan, Joel D.}, year={2009} }

@inbook{Barkan_2009, address={Boulder}, title={African Legislatures and the ‘third wave’ of democratization}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=e330302f-7f36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Legislative power in emerging African democracies}, publisher={Lynne Rienner}, author={Barkan, Joel D.}, year={2009}, pages={1–31} }

@article{Barnea_Rahat_2007, title={Reforming Candidate Selection Methods: A Three-Level Approach}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1177/1354068807075942}, number={3}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Barnea, S. and Rahat, G.}, year={2007}, pages={375–394} }

@article{Barnes_Burchard_2013, title={‘Engendering’ Politics: The Impact of Descriptive Representation on Women’s Political Engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa}, volume={46}, DOI={10.1177/0010414012463884}, number={7}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Barnes, T. D. and Burchard, S. M.}, year={2013}, pages={767–790} }

@article{Bates_Kerr_Byrne_Stanley_2014, title={Questions to the Prime Minister: A Comparative Study of PMQs from Thatcher to Cameron}, volume={67}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gss044}, number={2}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Bates, S. R. and Kerr, P. and Byrne, C. and Stanley, L.}, year={2014}, pages={253–280} }

@article{Bauer_2012, title={‘Let there be a Balance’: Women in African Parliaments}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00272.x}, number={3}, journal={Political Studies Review}, author={Bauer, Gretchen}, year={2012}, pages={370–384} }

@article{Bean_Wattenberg_1998, title={Attitudes Towards Divided Government and Ticket-splitting in Australia and the United States}, volume={33}, DOI={10.1080/10361149850705}, number={1}, journal={Australian Journal of Political Science}, author={Bean, Clive and Wattenberg, Martin}, year={1998}, pages={25–36} }

@article{Bengtsson_Wass_2010, title={Styles of Political Representation: What Do Voters Expect?}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1080/17457280903450724}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties}, author={Bengtsson, Asa and Wass, Hanna}, year={2010}, pages={55–81} }

@article{Benton_Russell_2012, title={Assessing the Impact of Parliamentary Oversight Committees: The Select Committees in the British House of Commons}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gss009}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Benton, M. and Russell, M.}, year={2012} }

@book{Bergman, Torbjorn_Muller, Wolfgang C._Strom, Kaare_2003, address={Oxford}, title={Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democracies}, volume={Comparative politics}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bergman, Torbjorn and Muller, Wolfgang C. and Strom, Kaare}, year={2003} }

@inbook{2003a, address={Oxford}, title={Challenges to Parliamentary Democracy}, volume={Comparative politics}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/019829784X.001.0001}, DOI={10.1093/019829784X.001.0001}, booktitle={Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democracies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bergman, Torbjorn and Muller, Wolfgang C. and Strom, Kaare}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Best_Vogel_2014, title={The Sociology of Legislators and Legislatures}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-003}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0003}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Best, Heinrich and Vogel, Lars}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@article{Bevan_John_2015, title={Policy Representation by Party Leaders and Followers: What Drives UK Prime Minister’s Questions}, DOI={10.1017/gov.2015.16}, journal={Government and Opposition}, author={Bevan, Shaun and John, Peter}, year={2015}, pages={1–25} }

@article{van Biezen_2000, title={On the Internal Balance of Party Power: Party Organizations in New Democracies}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1177/1354068800006004001}, number={4}, journal={Party Politics}, author={van Biezen, I.}, year={2000}, pages={395–417} }

@article{Blidook_2010, title={Exploring the Role of ‘Legislators’ in Canada: Do Members of Parliament Influence Policy?}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/13572330903541979}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Blidook, Kelly}, year={2010}, pages={32–56} }

@article{Bloemraad_Schonwalder_2013, title={Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Representation in Europe: Conceptual Challenges and Theoretical Approaches}, volume={36}, DOI={10.1080/01402382.2013.773724}, number={3}, journal={West European Politics}, author={Bloemraad, Irene and Schonwalder, Karen}, year={2013}, pages={564–579} }

@inbook{2012a, address={London}, title={Legislative Roles and Legislative Studies}, volume={Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6735baae-5536-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Parliamentary roles in modern legislatures}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Blomgren, M. and Rozenberg, O.}, year={2012}, pages={8–36} }

@inbook{Blondel_1995, address={Harlow}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Representation: legislatures and parliaments}, booktitle={Comparative government: an introduction}, publisher={Pearson Education}, author={Blondel, J. }, year={1995}, pages={248–266} }

@inbook{Blondel_Nousianen_2000, address={New York}, title={Governments, Supporting Parties and Policy-making}, booktitle={The nature of party government: a comparative European perspective}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Blondel, Jean and Nousianen, Jaakko}, year={2000}, pages={161–195} }

@book{Blondel, Jean_Cotta, Maurizio_2000, address={New York}, title={The nature of party government: a comparative European perspective}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Blondel, Jean and Cotta, Maurizio}, year={2000} }

@article{Bochel_Denver_1983, title={Candidate Selection in the Labour Party: What the Selectors Seek}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1017/S0007123400003136}, number={01}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Bochel, John and Denver, David}, year={1983} }

@inbook{Bogdanor_1985, address={Aldershot}, title={Introduction}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4fa6d32d-5d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Representatives of the people? Parliamentarians and constituents in Western democracies}, publisher={Gower}, author={Bogdanor, Vernon}, year={1985}, pages={1–12} }

@article{Bolton_Thrower_2015, title={Legislative Capacity and Executive Unilateralism}, DOI={10.1111/ajps.12190}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Bolton, Alexander and Thrower, Sharece}, year={2015}, pages={n/a-n/a} }

@article{Bowen_Clark_2014, title={Revisiting Descriptive Representation in Congress: Assessing the Effect of Race on the Constituent-Legislator Relationship}, volume={67}, DOI={10.1177/1065912914531658}, number={3}, journal={Political Research Quarterly}, author={Bowen, D. C. and Clark, C. J.}, year={2014}, month=sept, pages={695–707} }

@article{Bowler_2010, title={Private Members’ Bills in the UK Parliament: Is there an ‘Electoral Connection’?}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/13572334.2010.519457}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Bowler, Shaun}, year={2010}, pages={476–494} }

@article{Brauninger_Debus_2009, title={Legislative agenda-setting in parliamentary democracies}, volume={48}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.00850.x}, number={6}, journal={European Journal of Political Research}, author={Brauninger, Thomas and Debus, Marc}, year={2009}, pages={804–839} }

@article{Broockman_2013, title={Black Politicians Are More Intrinsically Motivated to Advance Blacks’ Interests: A Field Experiment Manipulating Political Incentives}, volume={57}, DOI={10.1111/ajps.12018}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Broockman, David E.}, year={2013}, pages={521–536} }

@article{Bruhn_2013, title={Electing Extremists? Party Primaries and Legislative Candidates in Mexico}, volume={45}, url={http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cuny/cp/2013/00000045/00000004/art00003}, number={4}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={City University of New York}, author={Bruhn, Kathleen}, year={2013}, pages={398–417} }

@article{Buckley_2013, title={How Ireland legislated for candidate sex quotas to increase women’s representation}, url={http://www.democraticaudit.com/?p=1848}, journal={Democratic Audit UK}, author={Buckley, Fiona}, year={2013}, month=nov }

@inbook{Burnham_Gilland_Grant_Layton-Henry_2004, address={Basingstoke}, title={Comparative Methodology}, volume={Political analysis}, booktitle={Research methods in politics}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Burnham, Peter and Gilland, K. and Grant, W. and Layton-Henry, Z.}, year={2004}, pages={58–79} }

@book{Cain, Bruce E._Ferejohn, John A._Fiorina, Morris P._1987, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The personal vote: constituency service and electoral independence}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Cain, Bruce E. and Ferejohn, John A. and Fiorina, Morris P.}, year={1987} }

@article{Cairney_2006, title={The analysis of Scottish Parliament committee influence: Beyond capacity and structure in comparing West European legislatures}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00295.x}, number={2}, journal={European Journal of Political Research}, author={Cairney, Paul}, year={2006}, pages={181–208} }

@article{1999a, title={Electoral Systems and the Representation of Minority Interests in Legislatures }, volume={24}, number={3}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly }, publisher={Comparative Legislative Research Center}, author={Canon, David T.}, year={1999}, pages={331–385} }

@article{Carey_Reynolds_2007, title={Parties and Accountable Government in New Democracies}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1177/1354068807073866}, number={2}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Carey, J. and Reynolds, A.}, year={2007}, pages={255–274} }

@article{Carey_Shugart_1995, title={Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: A rank ordering of electoral formulas}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1016/0261-3794(94)00035-2}, number={4}, journal={Electoral Studies}, author={Carey, J and Shugart, M}, year={1995}, pages={417–439} }

@article{2003b, title={Discipline, Accountability, and Legislative Voting in Latin America}, volume={35}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Politics}, publisher={Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York}, author={Carey, John M.}, year={2003}, pages={191–211} }

@article{Carey_2007, title={Competing Principals, Political Institutions, and Party Unity in Legislative Voting}, volume={51}, DOI={10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00239.x}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Carey, John M.}, year={2007}, pages={92–107} }

@book{Carey, John M._2009, address={New York}, title={Legislative voting and accountability}, volume={Cambridge studies in comparative politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Carey, John M.}, year={2009} }

@article{1999b, title={Legislative Autonomy in New Regimes: The Czech and Polish Cases}, volume={24}, number={4}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Comparative Legislative Research Center}, author={Carey, John M. and Formanek, Frantisek and Karpowicz, Ewa}, year={1999}, pages={569–603} }

@article{Carman_2006, title={Public Preferences for Parliamentary Representation in the UK: An Overlooked Link?}, volume={54}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-9248.2006.00568.x}, number={1}, journal={Political Studies}, author={Carman, Christopher Jan}, year={2006}, pages={103–122} }

@article{Carnes_2012, title={Does the Numerical Underrepresentation of the Working Class in Congress Matter?}, volume={37}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00033.x}, number={1}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Carnes, Nicholas}, year={2012}, pages={5–34} }

@inbook{Carroll_Poole_2014, title={Roll-Call Analysis and the Study of Legislatures}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-026}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0026}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Carroll, Royce and Poole, Keith T.}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@article{Carson_Koger_Lebo_Young_2010, title={The Electoral Costs of Party Loyalty in Congress}, volume={54}, DOI={10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00449.x}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Carson, Jamie L. and Koger, Gregory and Lebo, Matthew J. and Young, Everett}, year={2010}, pages={598–616} }

@article{Carty_Cross_2006, title={Can Stratarchically Organized Parties be Democratic? The Canadian Case}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/13689880600715912}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties}, author={Carty, R. Kenneth and Cross, William}, year={2006}, pages={93–114} }

@article{Caul_1999, title={Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1177/1354068899005001005}, number={1}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Caul, M.}, year={1999}, pages={79–98} }

@article{Caul_2008, title={Political Parties and the Adoption of Candidate Gender Quotas: A Cross-National Analysis}, volume={63}, DOI={10.1111/0022-3816.00107}, number={04}, journal={The Journal of Politics}, author={Caul, Miki}, year={2008} }

@article{Celis_Childs_2012, title={The Substantive Representation of Women: What to Do with Conservative Claims?}, volume={60}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00904.x}, number={1}, journal={Political Studies}, author={Celis, Karen and Childs, Sarah}, year={2012}, pages={213–225} }

@article{Ceron_2015, title={Brave rebels stay home: Assessing the effect of intra-party ideological heterogeneity and party whip on roll-call votes}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1177/1354068812472581}, number={2}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Ceron, A.}, year={2015}, pages={246–258} }

@book{Cheibub, Jose Antonio_2007, address={Cambridge}, title={Presidentialism, parliamentarism, and democracy}, volume={Cambridge studies in comparative politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Cheibub, Jose Antonio}, year={2007} }

@article{Cheibub_Elkins_Ginsburg_2014, title={Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1017/S000712341300032X}, number={03}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Cheibub, José Antonio and Elkins, Zachary and Ginsburg, Tom}, year={2014}, pages={515–544} }

@article{Cheibub_Limongi_2002, title={Democratic Institutions and Regime Survival: Parliamentary and Presidental Democracies Reconsidered}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.102301.084508}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Political Science}, author={Cheibub, Jose Antonio and Limongi, Fernando}, year={2002}, pages={151–179} }

@article{Childs_2004, title={A Feminised Style of Politics? Women MPs in the House of Commons}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00124.x}, number={1}, journal={The British Journal of Politics and International Relations}, author={Childs, Sarah}, year={2004}, pages={3–19} }

@article{Childs_Krook_2009, title={Analysing Women’s Substantive Representation: From Critical Mass to Critical Actors}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1111/j.1477-7053.2009.01279.x}, number={2}, journal={Government and Opposition}, author={Childs, Sarah and Krook, Mona Lena}, year={2009}, pages={125–145} }

@article{Chiou_Rothenberg_2014, title={The Elusive Search for Presidential Power}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/ajps.12057}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Chiou, Fang-Yi and Rothenberg, Lawrence S.}, year={2014}, pages={653–668} }

@article{Chiva_2007, title={The Institutionalisation of Post-Communist Parliaments: Hungary and Romania in Comparative Perspective}, volume={60}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsm012}, number={2}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Chiva, C.}, year={2007}, pages={187–211} }

@article{Clark Wilson_Curtis Ellis_2014, title={Surrogates Beyond Borders: Black Members of the United States Congress and the Representation of African Interests on the Congressional Foreign-Policy Agenda}, volume={46}, DOI={10.1057/pol.2014.3}, number={2}, journal={Polity}, author={Clark Wilson, Walter and Curtis Ellis, William}, year={2014}, pages={255–273} }

@article{Clinton_2012, title={Using Roll Call Estimates to Test Models of Politics}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-polisci-043010-095836}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Political Science}, author={Clinton, Joshua D.}, year={2012}, pages={79–99} }

@article{Clinton_Lewis_Selin_2014, title={Influencing the Bureaucracy: The Irony of Congressional Oversight}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/ajps.12066}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Clinton, Joshua D. and Lewis, David E. and Selin, Jennifer L.}, year={2014}, pages={387–401} }

@book{Close, David_1995a, address={Boulder}, title={Legislatures and the new democracies in Latin America}, publisher={L. Rienner Publishers}, author={Close, David}, year={1995} }

@book{Close, David_1995b, address={Boulder}, title={Legislatures and the new democracies in Latin America}, publisher={L. Rienner Publishers}, author={Close, David}, year={1995} }

@article{Coakley_2014, title={The Strange Revival of Bicameralism}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1080/13572334.2014.926168}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Coakley, John}, year={2014}, pages={542–572} }

@article{Coman_2015, title={Institutions and Vote Unity in Parliaments: Evidence from 33 National Chambers}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1080/13572334.2015.1040246}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Coman, Emanuel Emil}, year={2015}, pages={360–389} }

@inbook{Congleton_2006, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={On the merits of bicameral legislatures: intragovernmental bargaining and policy stability}, booktitle={Democratic constitutional design and public policy: analysis and evidence}, publisher={MIT Press}, author={Congleton, R. D. }, year={2006} }

@inbook{Copeland_Patterson_1998, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Parliaments and Legislatures}, booktitle={World encyclopedia of parliaments and legislatures}, publisher={Congressional Quarterly}, author={Copeland, Gary and Patterson, Samuel Charles}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Cowley _2005, address={London}, title={It’s a bit more complicated than that}, booktitle={The rebels: how Blair mislaid his majority}, publisher={Politico’s}, author={Cowley , Philip}, year={2005}, pages={21–48} }

@book{Cowley, Philip_1998, address={London}, title={Conscience and parliament}, volume={The library of legislative studies}, publisher={F. Cass}, author={Cowley, Philip}, year={1998} }

@book{Cowley, Philip_2002, address={London}, title={Revolts and rebellions: parliamentary voting under Blair}, publisher={Politico’s}, author={Cowley, Philip}, year={2002} }

@article{Cowley_2013, title={Why not ask the audience? Understanding the public’s representational priorities}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1057/bp.2012.28}, number={2}, journal={British Politics}, author={Cowley, Philip}, year={2013}, pages={138–163} }

@article{Cross_2008, title={Democratic Norms and Party Candidate Selection: Taking Contextual Factors into Account}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1177/1354068808093392}, number={5}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Cross, W.}, year={2008}, pages={596–619} }

@book{Cross_Katz_European Consortium for Political Research_2013, address={Oxford}, title={The challenges of intra-party democracy}, volume={Comparative politics}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Cross, William P. and Katz, Richard S. and European Consortium for Political Research}, year={2013} }

@article{Curini_Zucchini_2013, title={The institutional foundations of committee cohesion in a (changing) parliamentary democracy}, DOI={10.1017/S1755773913000222}, journal={European Political Science Review}, author={Curini, Luigi and Zucchini, Francesco}, year={2013}, pages={1–21} }

@article{Dahlerup_1988, title={From a Small to a Large Minority: Women in Scandinavian Politics}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-9477.1988.tb00372.x}, number={4}, journal={Scandinavian Political Studies}, author={Dahlerup, Drude}, year={1988}, month=dec, pages={275–298} }

@book{Damgaard, Erik_1992, address={New York}, title={Parliamentary change in the Nordic countries}, volume={Scandinavian library}, publisher={Scandinavian University Press}, author={Damgaard, Erik}, year={1992} }

@book{David Samuels_Matthew Shugart_2010, title={Presidents, parties, and prime ministers: how the separation of powers affects party organization and behavior}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/presidents-parties-and-prime-ministers/2CB12EF33F51236B06BC1B4E0485BD8B}, author={David Samuels and Matthew Shugart}, year={2010} }

@book{Davidson, Roger H._1992, address={New York}, title={The postreform Congress}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Davidson, Roger H.}, year={1992} }

@book{Davidson, Roger H._Longley, Lawrence D._1998, address={London}, title={The new roles of parliamentary committees}, volume={The library of legislative studies}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Davidson, Roger H. and Longley, Lawrence D.}, year={1998} }

@article{De Giorgi_Marangoni_2015, title={Government laws and the opposition parties’ behaviour in parliament}, volume={50}, DOI={10.1057/ap.2013.34}, number={1}, journal={Acta Politica}, author={De Giorgi, Elisabetta and Marangoni, Francesco}, year={2015}, pages={64–81} }

@article{Devlin_Elgie_2008, title={The Effect of Increased Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Case of Rwanda}, volume={61}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsn007}, number={2}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Devlin, C. and Elgie, R.}, year={2008}, pages={237–254} }

@book{Dodd, Lawrence C._2012, address={London}, title={Thinking about Congress: essays on Congressional change}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Dodd, Lawrence C.}, year={2012} }

@book{Dogan, Mattei_Pelassy, Dominique_1990, address={Chatham, N.J}, edition={2nd ed}, title={How to compare nations: strategies in comparative politics}, publisher={Chatham House}, author={Dogan, Mattei and Pelassy, Dominique}, year={1990} }

@inbook{Doring_1995, address={New York}, title={Time as a Scarce Resource: Government Control of the Agenda}, url={https://www.uni-potsdam.de/fileadmin01/projects/vergleichende-politikwissenschaft/D%C3%B6ring/PMR-W-Europe.pdf}, booktitle={Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Doring, Herbert}, year={1995} }

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@book{Fenno, Richard F._2003, address={Chicago}, title={Going home: Black representatives and their constituents}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Fenno, Richard F.}, year={2003} }

@book{Fenno, Richard F._University of California, Berkeley_1973, address={Boston}, title={Congressmen in committees}, volume={The Study of Congress series}, publisher={Little, Brown and Company}, author={Fenno, Richard F. and University of California, Berkeley}, year={1973} }

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@book{Fiorina, Morris P._Mayhew, David R._2003, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Divided government}, volume={Longman classics in political science}, publisher={Longman}, author={Fiorina, Morris P. and Mayhew, David R.}, year={2003} }

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@misc{Johnson_Nakamura_1999, title={A Concept Paper on Legislatures and Good Governance}, publisher={UNDP}, author={Johnson, J. and Nakamura, R.}, year={1999} }

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@book{Kittilson, Miki Caul_2006, address={Columbus}, title={Challenging parties, changing parliaments: women and elected office in contemporary Western Europe}, volume={Parliaments and legislatures}, publisher={Ohio State University Press}, author={Kittilson, Miki Caul}, year={2006} }

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@book{Kopecky, Petr_2001, address={Aldershot}, title={Parliaments in the Czech and Slovak republics: party competition and parliamentary institutionalization}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Kopecky, Petr}, year={2001} }

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@article{Kreppel_2002, title={Moving Beyond Procedure: An Empirical Analysis of European Parliament Legislative Influence}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1177/0010414002035007002}, number={7}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Kreppel, A.}, year={2002}, pages={784–813} }

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@article{Krook_2007, title={Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis}, volume={46}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-6765.2007.00704.x}, number={3}, journal={European Journal of Political Research}, author={Krook, Mona Lena}, year={2007}, pages={367–394} }

@article{Krook_Norris_2014, title={Beyond Quotas: Strategies to Promote Gender Equality in Elected Office}, volume={62}, DOI={10.1111/1467-9248.12116}, number={1}, journal={Political Studies}, author={Krook, Mona Lena and Norris, Pippa}, year={2014}, pages={2–20} }

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@book{Landman_2017, address={Abingdon, Oxon}, edition={Fourth edition}, title={Issues and methods in comparative politics: an introduction}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucl/detail.action?docID=4756274}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Landman, Todd}, year={2017} }

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@book{Laver, Michael_Shepsle, Kenneth A._1999, address={Cambridge}, title={Making and breaking governments: cabinets and legislatures in parliamentary democracies}, volume={Political economy of institutions and decisions}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Laver, Michael and Shepsle, Kenneth A.}, year={1999} }

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@article{Leston-Bandeira_2001, title={The Portuguese parliament during the first two decades of democracy}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1080/01402380108425421}, number={1}, journal={West European Politics}, author={Leston-Bandeira, Cristina}, year={2001}, pages={137–156} }

@article{Levmore_1992, title={Bicameralism: When are two decisions better than one?}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1016/0144-8188(92)90031-L}, number={2}, journal={International Review of Law and Economics}, author={Levmore, Saul}, year={1992}, pages={145–162} }

@inbook{Liebert_Cotta_1990, address={London}, title={Parliament as a central site in democratic consolidation}, booktitle={Parliament and democratic consolidation in Southern Europe: Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Turkey}, publisher={Pinter}, author={Liebert, Ulrike and Cotta, Maurizio}, year={1990}, pages={3–30} }

@inbook{Lijphart_1994, address={Baltimore}, title={Presidentialism and majoritarian democracy}, booktitle={The failure of presidential democracy: Vol. 1: Comparative perspectives}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Lijphart, A.}, year={1994} }

@inbook{Lijphart_1999, address={London}, title={Executive-legislative relations}, booktitle={Patterns of democracy: government forms and performance in thirty-six countries}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Lijphart, A.}, year={1999} }

@article{1971, title={Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method}, volume={65}, number={3}, journal={The American Political Science Review}, publisher={American Political Science Association}, author={Lijphart, Arend}, year={1971}, pages={682–693} }

@inbook{1992a, address={Oxford}, title={Introduction }, booktitle={Parliamentary versus presidential government}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Lijphart, Arend}, year={1992}, pages={1–27} }

@book{Lijphart_2012, address={New Haven [Conn.]}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Patterns of democracy: government forms and performance in thirty-six countries}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt32bg23}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Lijphart, Arend}, year={2012} }

@article{1975, title={The Comparable-Cases Strategy in Comparative Research}, volume={8}, url={http://cps.sagepub.com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/8/2/158.full.pdf html}, number={2}, journal={Comparative political studies}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Lijphart, Arendt}, year={1975}, pages={158–177} }

@article{1990a, title={The Virtues of Parliamentarism}, volume={1}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, publisher={The Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Linz, J. J.}, year={1990}, pages={84–91} }

@article{1990b, title={The Perils of Presidentialism}, volume={1}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Democracy}, publisher={The Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Linz, J.J.}, year={1990}, pages={51–69} }

@article{Llanos_Nolte_2003, title={Bicameralism in the Americas: around the extremes of symmetry and incongruence}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1080/1357233042000246864}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Llanos, Mariana and Nolte, Detlef}, year={2003}, pages={54–86} }

@inbook{Loewenberg_Patterson_1979, address={Lanham, MD}, title={Linkage}, booktitle={Comparing legislatures}, publisher={University Press of America}, author={Loewenberg, G. and Patterson, S. C.}, year={1979} }

@article{Loewenberg_2003, title={Agenda-setting in the German Bundestag: origins and consequences of party dominance}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1080/1357233042000246846}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Loewenberg, Gerhard}, year={2003}, pages={17–31} }

@book{Loewenberg_2011, address={Boulder, CO}, title={On legislatures: the puzzle of representation}, volume={On politics}, publisher={Paradigm Publishers}, author={Loewenberg, Gerhard}, year={2011} }

@book{Loewenberg, Gerhard_Patterson, Samuel Charles_1979a, address={Lanham, MD}, title={Comparing legislatures}, publisher={University Press of America}, author={Loewenberg, Gerhard and Patterson, Samuel Charles}, year={1979} }

@inbook{Loewenberg, Gerhard_Patterson, Samuel Charles_1979b, address={Lanham, MD}, title={Functions of Legislatures}, booktitle={Comparing legislatures}, publisher={University Press of America}, author={Loewenberg, Gerhard and Patterson, Samuel Charles}, year={1979} }

@book{Loewenberg, Gerhard_Patterson, Samuel Charles_1979c, address={Lanham, MD}, title={Comparing legislatures}, publisher={University Press of America}, author={Loewenberg, Gerhard and Patterson, Samuel Charles}, year={1979} }

@book{Lovenduski, Joni_2005, address={Cambridge}, title={Feminizing politics}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={Lovenduski, Joni}, year={2005} }

@article{Loxbo_2013, title={The fate of intra-party democracy: Leadership autonomy and activist influence in the mass party and the cartel party}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1177/1354068811407583}, number={4}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Loxbo, K.}, year={2013}, pages={537–554} }

@article{Luciano Bardi, title={Special issue of Party Politics on political party change}, volume={20}, url={http://ppq.sagepub.com/content/20/2.toc}, author={Luciano Bardi}, pages={151–159} }

@book{Lukes_2005, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Power: a radical view}, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=197447&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8454451}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Lukes, Steven}, year={2005} }

@article{Lundell_2004, title={Determinants of Candidate Selection: The Degree of Centralization in Comparative Perspective}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1177/1354068804039119}, number={1}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Lundell, Krister}, year={2004}, pages={25–47} }

@book{Luther, Kurt Richard_Muller-Rommel, Ferdinand_2002, address={Oxford}, title={Political parties in the new Europe: political and analytical challenges}, volume={Comparative politics}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Luther, Kurt Richard and Muller-Rommel, Ferdinand}, year={2002} }

@article{Lyne_2008, title={Proffering Pork: How Party Leaders Build Party Reputations in Brazil}, volume={52}, DOI={10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00313.x}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Lyne, Mona M.}, year={2008}, pages={290–303} }

@inbook{2008b, address={Cambridge}, title={Representing Individuals}, volume={Key concepts}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c5a29a2f-6836-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Representation}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={M. Brito Vieira and D. Runciman}, year={2008}, pages={66–83} }

@inbook{M. S._2006, address={Oxford}, title={Comparative Executive-Legislative Relations}, volume={The Oxford handbooks of political science}, booktitle={The Oxford handbook of political institutions}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={M. S., Shugart}, year={2006} }

@article{Maddison_2010, title={White Parliament, Black Politics: The Dilemmas of Indigenous Parliamentary Representation}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1080/10361146.2010.517180}, number={4}, journal={Australian Journal of Political Science}, author={Maddison, Sarah}, year={2010}, pages={663–680} }

@article{Mainwaring_1993, title={Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult Combination}, volume={26}, DOI={10.1177/0010414093026002003}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Mainwaring, S.}, year={1993}, pages={198–228} }

@article{1995a, title={Presidentialism in Latin America}, volume={25}, number={1}, journal={Latin American Research Review}, publisher={The Latin American Studies Association}, author={Mainwaring, Scott}, year={1995}, pages={157–179} }

@inbook{Mainwaring_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America : rethinking the terms of the debate}, volume={Cambridge studies in comparative politics}, booktitle={Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Mainwaring, Scott}, year={1997}, pages={12–54} }

@book{Mair, Peter_1990, address={Oxford}, title={The West European party system}, volume={Oxford readings in politics and government}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Mair, Peter}, year={1990} }

@article{Mair_2008, title={The Challenge to Party Government}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1080/01402380701835033}, number={1–2}, journal={West European Politics}, author={Mair, Peter}, year={2008}, pages={211–234} }

@inbook{Mair_Katz_1994, address={London}, title={Party organizations: from civil society to the state}, booktitle={How parties organize: change and adaptation in party organizations in Western democracies}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Mair, Peter and Katz, Richard}, year={1994}, pages={1–22} }

@misc{Manning_Stapenhurst_2002, title={Strengthening Oversight by Legislatures}, url={https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/11336/267480premnote74.pdf?sequence=1}, author={Manning, N and Stapenhurst, R}, year={2002} }

@article{Manow_Burkhart_2007, title={Legislative Self-Restraint Under Divided Government In Germany, 1976-2002}, volume={32}, DOI={10.3162/036298007780907941}, number={2}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Manow, Philip and Burkhart, Simone}, year={2007}, pages={167–191} }

@article{Mansbridge_1999, title={Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes’}, volume={61}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/2647821}, number={03}, journal={The Journal of Politics}, author={Mansbridge, Jane}, year={1999} }

@book{Martin_Vanberg_2011, title={Parliaments and Coalitions: The Role of Legislative Institutions in Multiparty Governance}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199607884.001.0001}, journal={Oxford Scholarship Online}, publisher={Oxford Scholarship}, author={Martin, Lanny W. and Vanberg, Georg}, year={2011} }

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@inbook{Martin_2014, title={Committees}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-006}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0006}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Martin, Shane}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

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@book{Matland, Richard E._Montgomery, Kathleen A._2003, address={Oxford}, title={Women’s access to political power in post-communist Europe}, volume={Gender and politics}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Matland, Richard E. and Montgomery, Kathleen A.}, year={2003} }

@book{Matthews, Donald R._Valen, Henry_1999, address={Columbus [Ohio]}, title={Parliamentary representation: the case of the Norwegian Storting}, volume={Parliaments and legislatures series}, publisher={Ohio State University Press}, author={Matthews, Donald R. and Valen, Henry}, year={1999} }

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@book{Mayhew, David R._1974, address={London}, title={Congress: the electoral connection}, volume={Yale studies in political science}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Mayhew, David R.}, year={1974} }

@book{McCubbins, Mathew D._Sullivan, Terry_1987, address={Cambridge}, title={Congress: structure and policy}, volume={Political economy of institutions and decisions}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McCubbins, Mathew D. and Sullivan, Terry}, year={1987} }

@article{McGhee_Masket_Shor_Rogers_McCarty_2014, title={A Primary Cause of Partisanship? Nomination Systems and Legislator Ideology}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/ajps.12070}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={McGhee, Eric and Masket, Seth and Shor, Boris and Rogers, Steven and McCarty, Nolan}, year={2014}, pages={337–351} }

@inbook{McKenzie_1982, address={London}, title={Power in the Labour Party: The Issue of Intra-Party Democracy}, booktitle={The politics of the Labour Party}, publisher={Allen & Unwin}, author={McKenzie, Robert}, year={1982}, pages={191–201} }

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@misc{Messick_2002, title={Strengthening Legislatures: Implications from Industrial Countries}, url={https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/11354/multi0page.pdf?sequence=1}, author={Messick, R}, year={2002} }

@inbook{1979b, address={Durham, N.C.}, title={Defining the Legislature}, volume={Publications of the Consortium for Comparative Legislative Studies}, booktitle={Comparative legislatures}, publisher={Duke University Press}, author={Mezey, M.}, year={1979}, pages={3–20} }

@inbook{Mezey_1979, address={Oxford}, title={Classifying legislatures}, volume={Oxford readings in politics and government}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2cdbbe02-4d36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Legislatures}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Mezey, M}, year={1979}, pages={149–176} }

@inbook{1979c, address={Durham, N.C.}, title={Classifying Legislatures}, volume={Publications of the Consortium for Comparative Legislative Studies}, booktitle={Comparative legislatures}, publisher={Duke University Press}, author={Mezey, M.}, year={1979}, pages={149–176} }

@inbook{1998b, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Executive-legislative relations}, booktitle={World encyclopedia of parliaments and legislatures}, publisher={Congressional Quarterly}, author={Mezey, M. L.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{2002a, address={London}, edition={Centennial ed}, title={Legislatures: Individual Purpose and Institutional Performance}, booktitle={Political science: the state of the discipline}, publisher={W.W. Norton}, author={Mezey, M. L.}, year={2002} }

@book{Michels, Robert_1962, address={New York}, title={Political parties: a sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy}, publisher={Free Press}, author={Michels, Robert}, year={1962} }

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@article{Minta_2009, title={Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress}, volume={34}, DOI={10.3162/036298009788314336}, number={2}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Minta, Michael}, year={2009}, pages={193–218} }

@article{1994a, title={Support for Parliaments and Regimes in the Transition toward Democracy in Eastern Europe}, volume={19}, number={1}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Comparative Legislative Research Center}, author={Mishler, William and Rose, Richard}, year={1994}, pages={5–32} }

@article{Mona Lena Krook, title={International Political Science Review}, volume={35}, url={http://ips.sagepub.com/content/35/1.toc}, author={Mona Lena Krook}, pages={3–11} }

@article{1992b, title={Cicero’s Puzzle: Upper House Power in Comparative Perspective }, volume={13}, number={1}, journal={International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique}, publisher={Sage Publications, Ltd.}, author={Money, Jeannette and Tsebelis, George}, year={1992}, pages={25–43} }

@article{Monk_2010, title={A Framework for Evaluating the Performance of Committees in Westminster Parliaments}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/13572330903541904}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Monk, David}, year={2010}, pages={1–13} }

@book{Morgenstern, Scott_Nacif, Benito_2002, address={Cambridge}, title={Legislative politics in Latin America}, volume={Cambridge studies in comparative politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Morgenstern, Scott and Nacif, Benito}, year={2002} }

@book{Mughan, Anthony_Patterson, Samuel Charles_1999a, address={Columbus}, title={Senates: bicameralism in the contemporary world}, volume={Parliaments and legislatures series}, publisher={Ohio State University Press}, author={Mughan, Anthony and Patterson, Samuel Charles}, year={1999} }

@book{Mughan, Anthony_Patterson, Samuel Charles_1999b, address={Columbus}, title={Senates: bicameralism in the contemporary world}, volume={Parliaments and legislatures series}, publisher={Ohio State University Press}, author={Mughan, Anthony and Patterson, Samuel Charles}, year={1999} }

@book{Muller, Wolfgang C._Saalfeld, Thomas_1997, address={London}, title={Members of parliament in Western Europe: roles and behaviour}, volume={Library of legislative studies}, publisher={F. Cass}, author={Muller, Wolfgang C. and Saalfeld, Thomas}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Müller_Sieberer_2014, title={Procedure and Rules in Legislatures}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-023}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0023}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Müller, Wolfgang C. and Sieberer, Ulrich}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@article{Murray_2007, title={How Parties Evaluate Compulsory Quotas: A Study of the Implementation of the ‘Parity’ Law in France}, volume={60}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsm039}, number={4}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Murray, R.}, year={2007}, pages={568–584} }

@article{Murray_2014, title={Quotas for Men: Reframing Gender Quotas as a Means of Improving Representation for All}, volume={108}, DOI={10.1017/S0003055414000239}, number={03}, journal={American Political Science Review}, author={Murray, Rainbow}, year={2014}, pages={520–532} }

@book{Musolf, Lloyd D._Kornberg, Allan_American Society for Public Administration_1970, address={Durham, N.C.}, title={Legislatures in developmental perspective}, volume={Comparative Administration Group series}, publisher={Duke University Press}, author={Musolf, Lloyd D. and Kornberg, Allan and American Society for Public Administration}, year={1970} }

@book{Narud, Hanne Marthe_Pedersen, Mogens N._Valen, Henry_2002, address={Odense}, title={Party sovereignty and citizen control: selecting candidates for parliamentary elections in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway}, volume={University of Southern Denmark studies in history and social sciences}, publisher={University Press of Southern Denmark}, author={Narud, Hanne Marthe and Pedersen, Mogens N. and Valen, Henry}, year={2002} }

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@article{Nijzink_Mozaffar_Azevedo_2006, title={Parliaments and the enhancement of democracy on the African continent: An analysis of institutional capacity and public perceptions}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1080/13572330600875563}, number={3–4}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Nijzink, Lia and Mozaffar, Shaheen and Azevedo, Elisabete}, year={2006}, pages={311–335} }

@inbook{Norris _1996, address={London}, title={Legislative recruitment}, booktitle={Comparing democracies: elections and voting in global perspectives}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Norris , Pippa }, year={1996}, pages={184–215} }

@inbook{Norris _1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Introduction: theories of recruitment}, booktitle={Passages to power: legislative recruitment in advanced democracies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Norris , Pippa }, year={1997}, pages={1–14} }

@article{Norris_1995, title={May’s Law of Curvilinear Disparity Revisited: Leaders, Officers, Members and Voters in British Political Parties}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1177/1354068895001001002}, number={1}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Norris, P.}, year={1995}, pages={29–47} }

@inbook{Norris_Lovenduski_1995, address={Cambridge}, title={Comparative candidate recruitment}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=cfbd0a7c-5b36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Political recruitment: gender, race, and class in the British parliament}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Norris, P. and Lovenduski, J.}, year={1995}, pages={183–205} }

@article{Norris_1997, title={The puzzle of constituency service}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1080/13572339708420508}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={1997}, pages={29–49} }

@book{Norris, Pippa_2004, address={Cambridge}, title={Electoral engineering: voting rules and political behaviour}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Norris_2004, address={Cambridge}, title={Constituency Service}, url={http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UCL&isbn=9780511313615}, booktitle={Electoral engineering: voting rules and political behaviour}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={2004}, pages={230–246} }

@book{Norris_Lovenduski_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511598609}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Norris, Pippa and Lovenduski, Joni}, year={1994} }

@inbook{Norton_1990, address={London}, title={Parliaments: A Framework for Analysis}, booktitle={Parliaments in Western Europe}, publisher={Cass}, author={Norton, P.}, year={1990} }

@article{Norton_2001, title={Playing by the Rules: The Constraining Hand of Parliamentary Procedure}, volume={7}, DOI={10.1080/714003882}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Norton, P.}, year={2001}, pages={13–33} }

@book{Norton, Philip_1990a, address={Oxford}, title={Legislatures}, volume={Oxford readings in politics and government}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Norton, Philip}, year={1990} }

@book{Norton, Philip_1990b, address={London}, title={Parliaments in Western Europe}, publisher={Cass}, author={Norton, Philip}, year={1990} }

@book{Norton, Philip_1998, address={Aldershot}, title={Legislatures and legislators}, volume={The international library of politics and comparative government}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Norton, Philip}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Norton_2002, address={London}, title={Introduction: Linking Parliaments and Citizens}, volume={Parliaments in contemporary Western Europe}, booktitle={Parliaments and citizens in Western Europe}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Norton, Philip}, year={2002}, pages={1–18} }

@book{Norton, Philip_2002, address={London}, title={Parliaments and citizens in Western Europe}, volume={Parliaments in contemporary Western Europe}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Norton, Philip}, year={2002} }

@article{Norton_2004, title={How many bicameral legislatures are there?}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1080/1357233042000322436}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Norton, Philip}, year={2004}, pages={1–9} }

@book{Norton_2013, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Parliament in British politics}, volume={Contemporary political studies series}, url={https://read.kortext.com/reader/pdf/616520/Cover}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Norton, Philip}, year={2013} }

@inbook{Norton_1998, address={London}, title={Introduction: The institution of parliaments}, volume={Parliaments in contemporary Western Europe}, booktitle={Parliaments and governments in Western Europe}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Norton, Philip }, year={1998}, pages={1–15} }

@book{Norton, Philip_Ahmed, Nizam U._1999, address={London}, title={Parliaments in Asia}, volume={The library of legislative studies}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Norton, Philip and Ahmed, Nizam U.}, year={1999} }

@article{Norton_Leston-Bandeira_2003, title={The impact of democratic practice on the parliaments of Southern Europe}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1080/1357233032000250680}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Norton, Philip and Leston-Bandeira, Cristina}, year={2003}, pages={177–185} }

@article{Norton_Olson_2007, title={Post-Communist and Post-Soviet Legislatures: Beyond Transition}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1080/13572330601165154}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Norton, Philip and Olson, David M.}, year={2007}, pages={1–11} }

@article{Olivella_Tavits_2014, title={Legislative Effects of Electoral Mandates}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1017/S0007123412000828}, number={02}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Olivella, Santiago and Tavits, Margit}, year={2014}, month=apr, pages={301–321} }

@inbook{Olson_1994a, address={Armonk, N.Y.}, title={Legislatures in Today’s Democracies}, volume={Comparative politics series}, booktitle={Democratic legislative institutions: a comparative view}, publisher={M.E. Sharpe}, author={Olson, D.}, year={1994} }

@inbook{Olson_1998, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={The Parliaments of New Democracies: The Experience of Central Europe}, booktitle={World encyclopedia of parliaments and legislatures}, publisher={Congressional Quarterly}, author={Olson, D. M.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Olson_1994b, address={Armonk, N.Y.}, title={Legislatures in the Policy Process}, volume={Comparative politics series}, booktitle={Democratic legislative institutions: a comparative view}, publisher={M.E. Sharpe}, author={Olson, David}, year={1994} }

@book{Olson, David M._1994, address={Armonk, N.Y.}, title={Democratic legislative institutions: a comparative view}, volume={Comparative politics series}, publisher={M.E. Sharpe}, author={Olson, David M.}, year={1994} }

@book{Olson_Longley_1991, address={San Francisco}, title={Two into One: The Politics and Processes of National Legislative Cameral Change}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Olson, David M. and Longley, Lawrence D. }, year={1991} }

@book{Olson, David M._Crowther, William E._2002, address={Columbus, Ohio}, title={Committees in post-Communist democratic parliaments: comparative institutionalization}, volume={Parliaments and legislatures series}, publisher={The Ohio State University Press}, author={Olson, David M. and Crowther, William E.}, year={2002} }

@book{Olson, David M._Norton, Philip_1996, address={London}, title={The new parliaments of Central and Eastern Europe}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Olson, David M. and Norton, Philip}, year={1996} }

@book{Ostrow, Joel M._2000a, address={Columbus, OH}, title={Comparing post-Soviet legislatures: a theory of institutional design and political conflict}, volume={Parliaments and legislatures series}, publisher={Ohio State University Press}, author={Ostrow, Joel M.}, year={2000} }

@book{Ostrow, Joel M._2000b, address={Columbus, OH}, title={Comparing post-Soviet legislatures: a theory of institutional design and political conflict}, volume={Parliaments and legislatures series}, publisher={Ohio State University Press}, author={Ostrow, Joel M.}, year={2000} }

@article{Owens_Loomis_2006, title={Qualified exceptionalism: The US Congress in comparative perspective}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1080/13572330600875464}, number={3–4}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Owens, John E. and Loomis, Burdett A.}, year={2006}, pages={258–290} }

@book{Ozbudun, Ergun_1970, address={Beverly Hills, Calif}, title={Party cohesion in western democracies: a causal analysis}, volume={Sage professional papers in comparative politics}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Ozbudun, Ergun}, year={1970} }

@inbook{1970a, address={Oxford}, title={Legislatures and political development}, volume={Oxford readings in politics and government}, booktitle={Legislatures}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Pakenham, R. A.}, year={1970} }

@book{Panebianco, Angelo_1988, address={Cambridge}, title={Political parties: organization and power}, volume={Cambridge studies in modern political economies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Panebianco, Angelo}, year={1988} }

@book{Patapan, Haig_Wanna, John_Weller, Patrick Moray_2005, address={Sydney}, title={Westminster legacies: democracy and responsible government in Asia and the Pacific}, volume={ANZOG program on government, politics and public management}, publisher={UNSW Press}, author={Patapan, Haig and Wanna, John and Weller, Patrick Moray}, year={2005} }

@book{Patterson, Samuel Charles_Copeland, Gary W._1994, address={Ann Arbor}, title={Parliaments in the modern world: changing institutions}, publisher={University of Michigan Press}, author={Patterson, Samuel Charles and Copeland, Gary W.}, year={1994} }

@article{1999f, title={Recruitment and Retention in Western European Parliaments}, volume={24}, number={2}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Comparative Legislative Research Center}, author={Patzelt, Werner J.}, year={1999}, pages={239–279} }

@article{Paxton_Hughes_2015, title={The Increasing Effectiveness of National Gender Quotas, 1990-2010}, volume={40}, DOI={10.1111/lsq.12079}, number={3}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Paxton, Pamela and Hughes, Melanie M.}, year={2015}, pages={331–362} }

@article{Pearson_Dancey_2011, title={Speaking for the Underrepresented in the House of Representatives: Voicing Women’s Interests in a Partisan Era}, volume={7}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/speaking-for-the-underrepresented-in-the-house-of-representatives-voicing-womens-interests-in-a-partisan-era/C4DFA00F057A8DCEBDE3579147132CD7}, DOI={10.1017/S1743923X1100033X}, number={04}, journal={Politics & Gender}, author={Pearson, Kathryn and Dancey, Logan}, year={2011}, pages={493–519} }

@article{Pedersen_2010, title={Differences and Changes in Danish Party Organisations: Central Party Organisation versus Parliamentary Party Group Power}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/13572331003740131}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Pedersen, Helene Helboe}, year={2010}, pages={233–250} }

@article{Pelizzo_Kinyondo_2014, title={Public Accounts Committees in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Comparative Analysis}, volume={42}, DOI={10.1111/polp.12062}, number={1}, journal={Politics & Policy}, author={Pelizzo, Riccardo and Kinyondo, Abel}, year={2014}, pages={77–102} }

@inbook{2012b, address={Abingdon}, title={Legislative oversight tools}, volume={Routledge research in comparative politics}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=78bb01cd-5536-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Parliamentary oversight tools: a comparative analysis}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Pelizzo, Riccardo and Stapenhurst, Frederick}, year={2012}, pages={28-56-157–159} }

@book{Pettitt_2014, address={Basingstoke}, title={Contemporary party politics}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Pettitt, Robin T.}, year={2014} }

@inbook{Phillips _1998, address={Oxford}, title={Democracy and Representation: Or, Why Should it Matter Who our Representatives Are?}, volume={Oxford readings in feminism}, booktitle={Feminism and politics}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Phillips , Anne }, year={1998}, pages={224–240} }

@book{Phillips_1998, title={The Politics of Presence}, url={http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0198294158.001.0001/acprof-9780198294153}, DOI={10.1093/0198294158.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Phillips, Anne}, year={1998} }

@article{Piscopo_2011, title={Rethinking Descriptive Representation: Rendering Women in Legislative Debates}, volume={64}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsq061}, number={3}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Piscopo, J. M.}, year={2011}, pages={448–472} }

@book{Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel_1972, address={Berkeley}, title={The concept of representation}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel}, year={1972} }

@inbook{Pitkin_1972, address={Berkeley}, title={The Mandate-Independence Controversy}, booktitle={The concept of representation}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Pitkin, Hannah}, year={1972} }

@inbook{1998c, address={Aldershot}, title={The Institutionalization of the US House of Representatives}, volume={The international library of politics and comparative government}, booktitle={Legislatures and legislators}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Polsby, N.}, year={1998}, pages={76–101} }

@inbook{Polsby_1975, address={Oxford}, title={Legislatures}, volume={Oxford readings in politics and government}, booktitle={Handbook of Political Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Polsby, Nelson}, year={1975} }

@misc{Power_2011, title={The Politics of Parliamentary Strengthening: Understanding political incentives and institutional behaviour in parliamentary support strategies}, url={http://www.gpgovernance.net/publication/the-politics-of-parliamentary-strengthening/}, author={Power, Greg}, year={2011} }

@misc{Power_2012, title={Global Parliamentary Report: The changing nature of parliamentary representation}, url={http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/gpr2012-full-e.pdf}, author={Power, Greg}, year={2012} }

@misc{Power, title={Annex to the IPU’s Global Parliamentary Report}, url={http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/gpr2012-full-e.pdf}, publisher={United Nations Development Programme}, author={Power, Greg} }

@book{Power, Timothy J._Rae, Nicol C._2006, address={Pittsburgh, PA}, title={Exporting Congress?: the influence of the U.S. Congress on world legislatures}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={Power, Timothy J. and Rae, Nicol C.}, year={2006} }

@inbook{Przeworski_Asadurian_Thomas Bohlken_2012, address={New York}, title={The origins of parliamentary responsibility}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/comparative-constitutional-design/origins-of-parliamentary-responsibility/6E5F94D8066519887516B9F5E1B075F3}, booktitle={Comparative constitutional design}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Przeworski, Adam and Asadurian, Tamar and Thomas Bohlken, Anjali}, year={2012} }

@inbook{2011c, address={Oxford}, title={Party policies and policy outputs}, url={http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199599356.001.0001/acprof-9780199599356}, booktitle={Political parties and democratic linkage: how parties organize democracy}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={R. Dalton and D. Farrell and I. McAllister}, year={2011}, pages={193–212} }

@article{Rahat_2007, title={Determinants of Party Cohesion: Evidence from the Case of the Israeli Parliament}, volume={60}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsm003}, number={2}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Rahat, G.}, year={2007}, pages={279–296} }

@article{Rahat_2009, title={Which Candidate Selection Method is the Most Democratic?}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1111/j.1477-7053.2008.01276.x}, number={1}, journal={Government and Opposition}, author={Rahat, Gideon}, year={2009}, pages={68–90} }

@book{Rahman, Taiabur_2008a, address={London}, title={Parliamentary control and government accountability in South Asia: a comparative analysis of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka}, volume={Routledge advances in South Asian studies series}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Rahman, Taiabur}, year={2008} }

@book{Rahman, Taiabur_2008b, address={London}, title={Parliamentary control and government accountability in South Asia: a comparative analysis of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka}, volume={Routledge advances in South Asian studies series}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Rahman, Taiabur}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Rai_2002, address={London}, title={Political representation, democratic institutions and women’s empowerment: the quota}, volume={Routledge/Warwick studies in globalisation}, booktitle={Rethinking empowerment: gender and development in a global/local world}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Rai, S. M.}, year={2002}, pages={133–146} }

@article{2000b, title={Parliamentary Floor Voting Procedures and Agenda Setting in Europe}, volume={25}, number={1}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Comparative Legislative Research Center}, author={Rasch, Bjorn Erik}, year={2000}, pages={3–23} }

@inbook{Rasch_2014, title={Institutional Foundations of Legislative Agenda-Setting}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-010}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0010}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Rasch, Bjørn Erik}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@book{Remington, Thomas F._1994, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={Parliaments in transition: the new legislative politics in the former USSR and Eastern Europe}, publisher={Westview Press}, author={Remington, Thomas F.}, year={1994} }

@article{Reynolds_2005, title={Reserved Seats in National Legislatures: A Research Note}, volume={30}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598674}, number={2}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Comparative Legislative Research Center}, author={Reynolds, Andrew}, year={2005}, pages={301–310} }

@article{REYNOLDS_2013, title={Representation and Rights: The Impact of LGBT Legislators in Comparative Perspective}, volume={107}, DOI={10.1017/S0003055413000051}, number={02}, journal={American Political Science Review}, author={REYNOLDS, ANDREW}, year={2013}, pages={259–274} }

@book{Rhodes_Binder_Rockman_2008, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford handbook of political institutions}, volume={The Oxford handbooks of political science}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548460.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Rhodes, R. A. W. and Binder, Sarah A. and Rockman, Bert A.}, year={2008} }

@article{Rich_2014, title={Party Voting Cohesion in Mixed Member Legislative Systems: Evidence from Korea and Taiwan}, volume={39}, DOI={10.1111/lsq.12035}, number={1}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Rich, Timothy S.}, year={2014}, pages={113–135} }

@article{Richard L. Hall_1992, title={Measuring Legislative Influence}, volume={17}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/440058}, number={2}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Comparative Legislative Research Center}, author={Richard L. Hall}, year={1992}, pages={205–231} }

@article{1997b, title={Presidentialism versus Parliamentarism: Implications for Representativeness and Legitimacy }, volume={18}, number={3}, journal={International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique}, publisher={Sage Publications, Ltd.}, author={Riggs, Fred W.}, year={1997}, pages={253–278} }

@article{1992c, title={The Justification of Bicameralism}, volume={13}, number={1}, journal={International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique}, publisher={Sage Publications, Ltd.}, author={Riker, William H.}, year={1992}, pages={101–116} }

@article{Roberts_Seawright_Cyr_2013, title={Do Electoral Laws Affect Women’s Representation?}, volume={46}, DOI={10.1177/0010414012463906}, number={12}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Roberts, A. and Seawright, J. and Cyr, J.}, year={2013}, pages={1555–1581} }

@article{Roberts_2007, title={The Statistical Analysis Of Roll-Call Data: A Cautionary Tale}, volume={32}, DOI={10.3162/036298007781699636}, number={3}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Roberts, Jason}, year={2007}, pages={341–360} }

@article{Rogers_2001, title={An Informational Rationale for Congruent Bicameralism}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1177/0951692801013002001}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Theoretical Politics}, author={Rogers, J. R.}, year={2001}, pages={123–151} }

@article{Rolef_2014, title={Defining the Job of the Member of the Knesset}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1080/17411912.2014.910338}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Rolef, Susan Hattis}, year={2014}, pages={588–607} }

@article{Roller_2002, title={Reforming the Spanish Senate: Mission Impossible?}, volume={25}, DOI={10.1080/713601643}, number={4}, journal={West European Politics}, author={Roller, E.}, year={2002}, pages={69–92} }

@book{Rose, Richard_1984, address={London}, edition={Expanded 2nd ed}, title={Do parties make a difference?}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Rose, Richard}, year={1984} }

@book{Rosenblum, Nancy L._2008, address={Oxford}, title={On the side of the angels: an appreciation of parties and partisanship}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Rosenblum, Nancy L.}, year={2008} }

@book{Ruedin_2013, address={Colchester}, title={Why aren’t they there?: the political representation of women, ethnic groups and issue positions in legislatures}, volume={ECPR monographs}, publisher={Ecpr Press}, author={Ruedin, Didier}, year={2013} }

@book{Ruland, Jurgen_Institute of Southeast Asian Studies_2005, address={Singapore}, title={Parliaments and political change in Asia}, publisher={Institute of Southeast Asian Studies}, author={Ruland, Jurgen and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies}, year={2005} }

@book{Rush, Michael_2005, address={Manchester}, title={Parliament today}, volume={Politics today}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Rush, Michael}, year={2005} }

@article{Russell_2001, title={What are Second Chambers for?}, volume={54}, url={https://academic.oup.com/pa/article-abstract/54/3/442/1461945?redirectedFrom=PDF}, number={3}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Russell, M.}, year={2001}, pages={442–458} }

@article{Russell_2014, title={Parliamentary party cohesion: Some explanations from psychology}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1177/1354068812453367}, number={5}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Russell, M.}, year={2014}, pages={712–723} }

@article{Russell_Gover_Wollter_2015, title={Does the Executive Dominate the Westminster Legislative Process?: Six Reasons for Doubt}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsv016}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Russell, M. and Gover, D. and Wollter, K.}, year={2015} }

@inbook{Russell_2005, address={New York}, title={Selection under Blair}, booktitle={Building new Labour: the politics of party organisation}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Russell, Meg}, year={2005}, pages={67–95} }

@article{Russell_2012, title={Elected Second Chambers and Their Powers: An International Survey}, volume={83}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-923X.2012.02275.x}, number={1}, journal={The Political Quarterly}, author={Russell, Meg}, year={2012}, pages={117–129} }

@book{Russell_2013a, address={Oxford}, title={Bicameralism in Theory & Comparative Perspective}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199671564.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Russell, Meg}, year={2013} }

@article{Russell_2013b, title={Rethinking Bicameral Strength: A Three-Dimensional Approach}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1080/13572334.2013.773639}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Russell, Meg}, year={2013}, pages={370–391} }

@misc{Russell_Benton_2009, title={Assessing the Policy Impact of Parliament: Methodological Challenges and Possible Future Approaches}, url={https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b191/3bce50cbc3ed8780ac51a8f13b9d1b89d585.pdf}, author={Russell, Meg and Benton, Meghan}, year={2009} }

@article{Russell_Benton_2010, title={(Re)assessing Parliamentary Policy Impact: The Case of the Australian Senate}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1080/10361141003736117}, number={2}, journal={Australian Journal of Political Science}, author={Russell, Meg and Benton, Meghan}, year={2010}, pages={159–174} }

@misc{Russell, Meg_Paun, Akash_University College, London_2007, address={London}, title={The House rules? International lessons for enhancing the autonomy of the House of Commons}, url={http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/publications/unit-publications/142.pdf}, publisher={Constitution Unit, Department of Political Science, UCL}, author={Russell, Meg and Paun, Akash and University College, London}, year={2007} }

@article{Russell_Sandford_2002, title={Why are Second Chambers so Difficult to Reform?}, volume={8}, url={https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714003926}, DOI={10.1080/714003926}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Russell, Meg and Sandford, Mark}, year={2002}, pages={79–89} }

@article{Russo_Wiberg_2010, title={Parliamentary Questioning in 17 European Parliaments: Some Steps towards Comparison}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/13572331003740115}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Russo, Federico and Wiberg, Matti}, year={2010}, pages={215–232} }

@inbook{Saalfeld_1998, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Legislative Voting Behaviour}, booktitle={World encyclopedia of parliaments and legislatures}, publisher={Congressional Quarterly}, author={Saalfeld, T.}, year={1998} }

@article{Saalfeld_1995, title={Rational-choice theory in legislative studies: Models of politics without romanticism}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1080/13572339508420414}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Saalfeld, Thomas}, year={1995}, pages={32–64} }

@inbook{Saalfeld_Strøm_2014, title={Political Parties and Legislators}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-022}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0022}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@inbook{Saiegh_2014, title={LawMaking}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-012}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0012}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Saiegh, Sebastian M.}, editor={Martin, Shane and Saalfeld, Thomas and Strøm, Kaare W.}, year={2014} }

@book{Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M._2005a, address={Basingstoke}, title={African parliaments: between governance and government}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M.}, year={2005} }

@book{Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M._2005b, address={Basingstoke}, title={African parliaments: between governance and government}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Salih, Mohamed Abdel Rahim M.}, year={2005} }

@article{Salmond_2006, title={Proportional Representation and Female Parliamentarians}, volume={31}, DOI={10.3162/036298006X201779}, number={2}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Salmond, Rob}, year={2006}, pages={175–204} }

@article{Salmond_2014, title={Parliamentary Question Times: How Legislative Accountability Mechanisms Affect Mass Political Engagement}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1080/13572334.2014.895121}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Legislative Studies}, author={Salmond, Rob}, year={2014}, pages={321–341} }

@article{Santiso_2004, title={Legislatures and Budget Oversight in Latin America: Strengthening Public Finance Accountability in Emerging Economies}, volume={4}, url={http://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/43488676.pdf}, number={2}, journal={Journal on Budgeting}, author={Santiso, C}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Sartori _1997, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Presidentialism}, booktitle={Comparative constitutional engineering: an inquiry into structures, incentives and outcomes}, publisher={Macmillan Press}, author={Sartori , Giovanni}, year={1997}, pages={83–100} }

@article{1970b, title={Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics}, volume={64}, number={4}, journal={The American Political Science Review}, publisher={American Political Science Association}, author={Sartori, Giovanni}, year={1970}, pages={1033–1053} }

@inbook{Sartori_1994a, address={Oxford}, title={Compare why and how}, url={https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=2938f567-5e36-e711-80c9-005056af4099}, booktitle={Comparing nations: concepts, strategies, substance}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Sartori, Giovanni}, year={1994}, pages={14–34} }

@inbook{1997c, address={Washington Square, N.Y.}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Problems with Parliamentary Systems}, booktitle={Comparative constitutional engineering: an inquiry into structures, incentives and outcomes}, publisher={New York University Press}, author={Sartori, Giovanni}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Sartori_1994b, address={Oxford}, title={Compare why and how}, booktitle={Comparing nations: concepts, strategies, substance}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Sartori, Giovanni }, year={1994} }

@article{Sater_2007, title={Changing Politics from Below? Women Parliamentarians in Morocco}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1080/13510340701398352}, number={4}, journal={Democratization}, author={Sater, James N.}, year={2007}, pages={723–742} }

@inbook{2002b, address={[Oxford]}, title={From Social Integration to Electoral Contestation: The Changing Distribution of Power within Political Parties}, volume={Oxford scholarship online}, booktitle={Parties without partisans: political change in advanced industrial democracies}, publisher={Oxford Scholarship Online}, author={Scarrow, S. E. and Webb, P. and Farrell, D. M.}, year={2002} }

@book{Scarrow_2003, address={Oxford}, title={Parties and Their Members : Organising for Victory in Britain and Germany}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Scarrow, Susan E.}, year={2003} }

@book{Scarrow_2015, address={Oxford}, title={Beyond party members: changing approaches to partisan mobilization}, volume={Comparative politics}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199661862.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Scarrow, Susan E.}, year={2015} }

@article{Schick_2002, title={Can National Legislatures Regain an Effective Voice in Budget Policy?}, volume={1}, url={http://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/43514045.pdf}, number={3}, journal={Journal on Budgeting}, author={Schick, A}, year={2002} }

@article{Schleiter_Morgan-Jones_2009, title={Review Article: Citizens, Presidents and Assemblies: The Study of Semi-Presidentialism beyond Duverger and Linz}, volume={39}, DOI={10.1017/S0007123409990159}, number={04}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Schleiter, Petra and Morgan-Jones, Edward}, year={2009} }

@article{Schneider_Bos_2014, title={Measuring Stereotypes of Female Politicians}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1111/pops.12040}, number={2}, journal={Political Psychology}, author={Schneider, Monica C. and Bos, Angela L.}, year={2014}, pages={245–266} }

@inbook{Schuler_Malesky_2014, title={Authoritarian Legislatures}, url={http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-004}, booktitle={The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies}, author={Schuler, Paul and Malesky, Edmund}, year={2014} }

@article{Schwindt-Bayer_2009, title={Making Quotas Work: The Effect of Gender Quota Laws On the Election of Women}, volume={34}, DOI={10.3162/036298009787500330}, number={1}, journal={Legislative Studies Quarterly}, author={Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie}, year={2009}, pages={5–28} }

@article{Schwindt-Bayer_2006, title={Still Supermadres? Gender and the Policy Priorities of Latin American Legislators}, volume={50}, DOI={10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00202.x}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A.}, year={2006}, pages={570–585} }

@article{1995b, title={Backbench and Leadership Roles in The House of Commons}, volume={48}, number={3}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Searing, D.}, year={1995}, pages={418–437} }

@inbook{Searing_1994, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Introduction: Roles, Rules and Rationality}, booktitle={Westminster’s world: understanding political roles}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Searing, Donald D. }, year={1994}, pages={1–30} }

@book{Shankar, B. L._Rodrigues, Valerian_2011, address={New Delhi}, title={The Indian Parliament: a democracy at work}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Shankar, B. L. and Rodrigues, Valerian}, year={2011} }

@article{Shaw_2001, title={New Labour: new pathways to parliament}, volume={54}, DOI={10.1093/pa/54.1.35}, number={1}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Shaw, E}, year={2001}, pages={35–53} }

@inbook{Shaw_1998a, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Legislative Committees}, booktitle={World encyclopedia of parliaments and legislatures}, publisher={Congressional Quarterly}, author={Shaw, M.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Shaw_1998b, address={London}, title={Parliamentary committees: a global perspective}, volume={The library of legislative studies}, booktitle={The new roles of parliamentary committees}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Shaw, Malcolm }, year={1998}, pages={225–251} }

@book{Shaw, Malcolm N._1979, title={Committees in Legislatures}, author={Shaw, Malcolm N. and Lees, J. D.}, year={1979} }

@book{Shaw, Malcolm N._Lees, John D._1979, address={[Durham, N.C.]}, title={Committees in legislatures: a comparative analysis}, publisher={Duke University Press}, author={Shaw, Malcolm N. and Lees, John D.}, year={1979} }

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@misc{The Journal of Legislative Studies - Special Issue on Second Chambers_2001, volume={7}, number={1}, year={2001} }

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@article{The Journal of Legislative Studies _2002, volume={8}, number={3}, year={2002} }

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@article{The Journal of Legislative Studies - Special Issue on Legislatures and executives: an investigation into the relationship at the heart of government_2004, volume={10}, number={2–3}, year={2004} }

@article{The Journal of Legislative Studies (Special Issue: Comparing and Classifying Legislatures)_2006, volume={12}, number={3–4}, year={2006} }

@article{Regional & Federal Studies (Special Issue: Constituency Representation, Devolution and MMP Electoral Systems: Comparative and UK Perspectives)_2007, volume={17}, number={1}, year={2007} }

@misc{Overseas Development Institute - Parliamentary Strengthening and the Paris Principles_2007, year={2007} }

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@article{The Journal of Legislative Studies - Special Issue on Post-Communist Parliaments: Change and Stability in the Second Decade_2011, volume={17}, number={2}, year={2011} }

@misc{The difficult development of parliamentary politics in the Gulf: Parliaments and the process of managed reform in Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman | Global Partners Governance_2012, url={http://www.gpgovernance.net/publication/politics-in-gulf/}, year={2012} }

@misc{Paper 1. Why Engage With Parliaments? International assistance and parliamentary strengthening - an overview. | Global Partners Governance_2013, url={https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CDgQw7AJahcKEwjw2uOtmdKAAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgpgovernance.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F02%2FGuide-to-Parliaments.-Paper-1.pdf&psig=AOvVaw3qh0yqgQDD4CcEMTpN4yDy&ust=1691760564108513&opi=89978449}, year={2013} }

@book{Martin_Saalfeld_Strøm_2014b, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford handbook of legislative studies}, volume={Oxford handbooks in politics&international relations}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, year={2014} }

@misc{Making an Impact: Effective Parliamentary Committees | Global Partners Governance_2014, url={http://www.gpgovernance.net/publication/making-an-impact-effective-parliamentary-committees/}, year={2014} }

@misc{Paper 4. Show Me the Money. Improving financial oversight. | Global Partners Governance_2014, url={http://www.gpgovernance.net/publication/paper-4-show-me-the-money/}, year={2014} }

@misc{Report from the UK House of Commons International Development committee on parliamentary strengthening_2015, url={http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmintdev/704/704.pdf#}, year={2015} }

@misc{Parliamentary Strengthening: Government Response to the International Development Committee’s Ninth Report of Session 2014-15_2015, url={http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmintdev/1125/112504.htm#a2}, year={2015} }

@article{Legislative Studies Quarterly }

@article{The Journal of Legislative Studies }

@article{Parliamentary Affairs }

@article{Party Politics }

@article{The Parliamentarian - The Journal of Commonwealth Parliamentarians and Legislatures, url={https://www.cpahq.org/knowledge-centre/the-parliamentarian/}, journal={Commonwealth Parliamentary Association} }

@misc{Constitutional and parliamentary information | ASGP, url={http://asgp.co/constitutional-and-parliamentary-information} }

@misc{Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) }

@misc{International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) }

@misc{Research and Education – Parliament of Australia, url={http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Research_and_Education} }

@misc{Legislative Studies Section | The American Political Science Association, url={http://legislativestudies.org/} }

@misc{Parliaments specialist group | The Political Studies Association (PSA), url={https://psaparliaments.org/}, publisher={The Political Studies Association (PSA)} }

@misc{Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, url={https://www.cpahq.org/} }

@misc{UK Parliament, url={http://www.parliament.uk/} }

@misc{Paper 2. How Parliaments Work: Parliamentary processes and procedures. | Global Partners Governance, url={https://gpgovernance.net/publications/guide-to-parliaments-paper-2-how-parliaments-work-parliamentary-processes-and-procedures/} }

@misc{Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) materials on women in parliament }

@article{Legislative Studies Quarterly - Special Issue on Representative Roles, volume={4}, number={4}, pages={485–655} }

@misc{World Bank Parliamentary Strengthening Programme, url={http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PSGLP/Resources/parliament.pdf} }

@misc{Engaging and Supporting Parliaments Worldwide: Strategies and Methodologies for EC Action in Support to Parliaments, url={https://www.agora-parl.org/resources/library/engaging-and-supporting-parliaments-worldwide-strategies-and-methodologies-ec} }